Publications

capillary electrophoresis separation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and related species with phosphate-based buffers.	this study focused on optimizing phosphate-based buffers and other capillary electrophoresis (ce) parameters for separating and characterizing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd, 2n = 6x = 42), emmer (triticum dicoccum, aabb, 2n = 4x = 28) and aegilops tauschii (dd, 2n = 2x = 14). the fast and high-resolution separation of hmw-gs was achieved using 0.1 m phosphate-glycine buffer (ph 2.5, containing 20% acetonitrile and 0.05% hydroxypropy ...	2003	12731030
[the effect of genotypes of parental rye lines on the development of quantitative traits in primary octoploid triticale: spike fertility].	the number of seeds and seed setting in the main spike were studied in primary octoploid triticale obtained from crosses between the common wheat cultivar chinese spring and 66 inbred rye lines. in some rye lines, the mutations of self-fertility were identified in the s, z, or t incompatibility loci. the number of seeds was determined under controlled self-pollination of the main spike. in the set of triticale examined, each trait exhibited high variation. hence, the rye lines were suggested to ...	2003	12722637
spring wheat leaf appearance and temperature: extending the paradigm?	extensive research shows temperature to be the primary environmental factor controlling the phyllochron, or rate of leaf appearance, of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). experimental results suggest that soil temperature at crown depth, rather than air temperature above the canopy, would better predict wheat leaf appearance rates. to test this hypothesis, leaf appearance in spring wheat ('nordic') was measured in a 2-year field experiment (nunn clay loam soil; fine, smectitic, mesic aridic, argiusto ...	2003	12714367
identification of snps and development of allele-specific pcr markers for gamma-gliadin alleles in triticum aestivum.	the coding regions of 28 entries of hexaploid wheat gamma-gliadin genes, gene fragments or pseudogenes in genbank were used for nucleotide alignment. these sequences could be divided into nine subgroups based on nucleotide variation. the chromosomal locations of five of the seven unassigned subgroups were identified through subgroup-specific polymerase chain reactions (pcr) using chinese spring group-1 nulli-tetrasomic lines. multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and small insertions/d ...	2003	12712246
molecular and biochemical characterization of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase in wheat endosperm (triticum aestivum l. cv. axona).	evidence from a number of plant tissues suggests that phosphoglucomutase (pgm) is present in both the cytosol and the plastid. the cytosolic and plastidic isoforms of pgm have been partially purified from wheat endosperm (triticum aestivum l. cv. axona). both isoforms required glucose 1,6-bisphosphate for their activity with k(a) values of 4.5 micro m and 3.8 micro m for cytosolic and plastidic isoforms, respectively, and followed normal michaelis-menten kinetics with glucose 1-phosphate as the ...	2003	12709481
geographical distribution and host preference of common bunt tilletia foetidae (wallr.) liro and tilletia caries (dc) tul. on bread wheat and durum wheat.	based on the morphological characteristics of the ustilospores, the geographical distribution and host preference of common bunt tilletia foetidae and t. caries on bread wheat and durum wheat in syria has been studied. the spore wall structure forms the most feasible and convenient method for differentiation between the two pathogens. accordingly, t. foetidae is the most prevalent pathogen in north syria and the predominant pathogen in the bread wheat. t. caries was widespread in durum wheat in ...	2002	12701441
silica accumulation in triticum aestivum l. and dactylis glomerata l.	the silica accumulation in orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been studied in plant samples grown under defined conditions in a pot trial. the plant habit and the quantity of biomineralised silica within the selected gramineae depend to a remarkable extent on the soil. the plants grew with different soil ph values and silica additives. by means of atomic absorption spectrometry, the silicon enrichment in different plant parts was determined. in dried plant ...	2003	12698227
[genetic mapping of the intergenomic translocated "taigu" genic sterility gene (ms2)].	the "taigu" genic sterility gene ms2 located on the short arm of the 4d chromosome of common wheat (aabbdd) originally incorporated into hexoploid triticale (aabbrr) and durum wheat (aabb) through intergenomic translocation in distant hybridization was introduced back into the genomes of common wheat. the dominant male sterility was expressed normally in the new "taigu" genic sterile wheat carrying the intergenomically translocated ms2, and the female fertility mechanism in its male sterile plan ...	2002	12693100
the evolution of constans-like gene families in barley, rice, and arabidopsis.	the co (constans) gene of arabidopsis has an important role in the regulation of flowering by photoperiod. co is part of a gene family with 17 members that are subdivided into three classes, termed group i to iii here. all members of the family have a cct (co, co-like, toc1) domain near the carboxy terminus. group i genes, which include co, have two zinc finger b-boxes near the amino terminus. group ii genes have one b-box, and group iii genes have one b-box and a second diverged zinc finger. an ...	0	12692345
tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic wheat to water stress and salinity.	previous work with model transgenic plants has demonstrated that cellular accumulation of mannitol can alleviate abiotic stress. here, we show that ectopic expression of the mtld gene for the biosynthesis of mannitol in wheat improves tolerance to water stress and salinity. wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bobwhite) was transformed with the mtld gene of escherichia coli. tolerance to water stress and salinity was evaluated using calli and t(2) plants transformed with (+mtld) or without (-mtld) mtl ...	2003	12692333
proteome analysis of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat: towards understanding genome interaction in protein expression.	hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is derived from a complex hybridization procedure involving three diploid species carrying the a, b and d genomes. the proteome patterns of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were analyzed to explore the genome interaction in protein expression. at least two species from each of the diploid and tetraploid were used to compare their proteome maps with a hexaploid wheat cv. chinese spring. the ancestral cultivars were selected based on their history of c ...	2003	12687621
abiotic stresses affecting water balance induce phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression in roots of wheat seedlings.	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc, ec 4.1.1.31) plays an important role in co(2) fixation in c4 and cam plants. in c3 plants, pepc is widely expressed in most organs; however, its function is not yet clearly established. with the aim of providing clues on the function of pepc in c3 plants, we have analyzed its pattern of expression in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. roots showed almost double the level of pepc activity of shoots. further analysis of pepc expression in roots by in si ...	2003	12687366
photosynthetic characteristics and enzymatic antioxidant capacity of flag leaf and the grain yield in two cultivars of triticum aestivum (l.) exposed to warmer growth conditions.	using late sowing practice, the reproductive growth (anthesis and kernel filling) phase of two wheat cultivars, hd 1553 and hd 2307 was exposed to warmer growth conditions, and the effect on grain yield was examined. the grain weight declined in late-sown plants of both cultivars, but the number of grains per spike decreased drastically in hd 1553 plants. in this cultivar exposure to warmer temperature during reproductive phase led to 67% fewer grains per spike. examination of photosynthetic and ...	2003	12685048
kinetics of transcript and protein accumulation of a low-molecular-weight wheat lea d-11 dehydrin in response to low temperature.	we studied the kinetics of induction of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene wdhn 13, which encodes a predominantly cold-responsive protein belonging to the lea d-11 dehydrin family. the deduced polypeptide wdhn 13 (mw = 12.8 kda) represented the smallest dehydrin member in cereals with three lysine-rich k-segments. purified wdhn 13 was boiling-stable due to its high hydrophilicity. western blot analysis using the polyclonal anti-wdhn 13-antibody revealed a number of cross-reacting proteins in ...	0	12685035
characterization of a knock-out mutation at the gc2 locus in wheat.	gametocidal (gc) genes, introduced into common wheat from related aegilops species, are selfish genetic elements that ensure their preferential transmission by inducing chromosomal breaks. here we report the production and characterization of a knock-out mutation of the gc2 gene transferred to wheat as a wheat-aegilops sharonensis t4b-4s(sh)#1 translocation chromosome. in hemizygous gc2/- condition, gametophytes lacking gc2 suffer chromosomal fragmentation and produce non-functional gametes, whi ...	2003	12684822
molecular identification of wheat endoxylanase inhibitor taxi-i1, member of a new class of plant proteins.	triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitors (taxis) are wheat proteins that inhibit family 11 endoxylanases commonly used in different (bio)technological processes. here, we report on the identification of the taxi-i gene which encodes a mature protein of 381 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38.8 kda. when expressed in escherichia coli, the recombinant protein had the specificity and inhibitory activity of natural taxi-i, providing conclusive evidence that the isolated gene encodes ...	2003	12681519
microtubules regulate activity of cell wall lectins in cells of triticum aestivum l plants during cold hardening.		2003	12681336
reorganization of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton in root cells of triticum aestivum l during low temperature and abscisic acid treatments.		2003	12681311
high-resolution spatial analysis of stomatal ozone uptake in arable crops and pastures.	ozone effects on plants depend on atmospheric transport and stomatal uptake. thus, ozone-risk assessments should use measured ozone concentrations and account for the influence of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on stomatal and nonstomatal ozone deposition. this requires disaggregated data for the physical input parameters and species-specific data for specific stomatal conductance (g(s)). in this study, an approach was developed based on a resistance analogue transport model. this mode ...	2003	12676231
comparison of cytokinin-binding proteins from wheat and oat grains.	cytokinin-binding proteins (cbps) isolated from mature grains of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by acid precipitation, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography had similar characteristics, although they differed somewhat in apparent molecular weight of the native protein as determined by gel filtration (109 and 133 kda, respectively) and subunit size as estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (47 and 55 kda, respectively). highly purified oat cbp showed very w ...	2003	12675735
primary structure and reactive site of a novel wheat proteinase inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin.	the proteinase inhibitor wsci, active in inhibiting bacterial subtilisin and a number of animal chymotrypsins, was purified from endosperm of exaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, c.v. san pastore) by ion exchange chromatography and its complete amino acid sequence was established by automated edman degradation. wsci consists of a single polypeptide chain of 72 amino acid residues, has a molecular mass of 8126.3 da and a pl of 5.8. the inhibition constants (ki) for bacillus licheniformis subtilisin ...	2003	12675523
detection of fusarium head blight resistance qtl in a wheat population using bulked segregant analysis.	a population of 218 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from the cross of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'ning 894037' and 'alondra'. ning 894037 has resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) and alondra is moderately susceptible. response of the rils and their parental lines to fhb infection was evaluated with point inoculation in four experiments both in greenhouse and in field conditions. distribution of disease severity in the population is continuous, indicating quanti ...	2003	12671752
genetic analysis of grain protein-content, grain yield and thousand-kernel weight in bread wheat.	grain yield and grain protein content are two very important traits in bread wheat. they are controlled by genetic factors, but environmental conditions considerably affect their expression. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic basis of these two traits by analysis of a segregating population of 194 f(7) recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two wheat varieties, grown at six locations in france in 1999. a genetic map of 254 loci was constructed, covering about 75% o ...	2003	12671751
detection of qtl linked to fusarium head blight resistance in sumai 3-derived north dakota bread wheat lines.	during the past decade fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe has resulted in severe grain yield and quality losses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the northern great plains of the u.s. given the complexity of breeding for fhb resistance, molecular markers associated with this trait will be valuable in accelerating efforts to breed resistant cultivars. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fhb resis ...	2003	12671750
dynamic viscoelastic and tensile properties of gluten and glutenin gels of common wheats of different strength.	dynamic viscoelastic properties at 25 degrees c of gluten and glutenin gels were obtained from canadian common wheats of different strengths. the relaxation spectra showed a maximum intensity at a characteristic relaxation time (tau). the relaxation modulus associated with this maximum was taken as the strength of the glutenin or gluten gel transient network (g(tau)). the ratio of g(tau) for glutenin and gluten gels from the same cultivar ranged from 5.6 for an extra strong cultivar to 51.1 for ...	2003	12670176
molecular cytogenetic discrimination and reaction to wheat streak mosaic virus and the wheat curl mite in zhong series of wheat--thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids.	thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, jjjsjsss) is potentially a useful source of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and its vector, the wheat curl mite (wcm). five partial amphiploids, namely zhong 1, zhong 2, zhong 3, zhong 4, and zhong 5, derived from triticum aestivum x thinopyrum intermedium crosses produced in china, were screened for wsmv and wcm resistance. zhong 1 and zhong 2 had high levels of resistance to wsmv and wcm. the other three partial amphiploids, zhong 3, 4, and ...	2003	12669806
effect of lanthanum ions (la3+) on the reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in wheat leaves.	physiological effects of lanthanum ions on the activities of the enzymes in the reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenging system in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were studied. wheat leaves treated in hogland solution with 0.1 mm lacl(3) for 48 h showed increased levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), ascorbate-specific peroxidase (asa-pod), and dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar). however, a minor effect was observed on the levels of monodehydroascorbate reductase ...	2003	12663948
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitor.	a taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitor from t. aestivum l. wheat flour has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the needle-like crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 49.92, b = 66.45, c = 106.42 a. from these crystals, a native data set and a gold-derivative data set were collected to 2.25 and 1.75 a resolution, respectively. the heavy-atom derivative of this crystal form was obtained by the soaking method and allowe ...	2003	12657799
effects of alternaria triticina and foliar fly ash deposition on growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, protein and lysine contents of three cultivars of wheat.	a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of alternaria triticina with and without foliar dusting of fly ash (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 g plant(-1)/day(-1)) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, protein and lysine contents of three cultivars of wheat, triticum aestivum. dusting of 2.5 and 5.0 g fly ash caused a significant increase in growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, protein and lysine contents of all the three cultivars. dusting of 5.0 g fly ash caused a higher increas ...	2003	12653286
postharvest resistance in hard spring and winter wheat varieties of the northern great plains to the lesser grain borer (coleoptera: bostrichidae).	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varietal resistance to the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f), was evaluated in hard spring and winter wheat produced 1997, 1998 (bozeman, montana). we tested the hypothesis that six montana-grown spring wheat varieties, 'ernest', 'scholar', 'hi-line', 'mcneal', 'newana', and 'amidon', were equally and strongly resistant to r. dominica at low moisture contents (9-10%). mortality/feeding damage occurred in all varieties. in most assays, ernest had significan ...	2003	12650366
light activation of russian wheat aphid-elicited physiological responses in susceptible wheat.	the impact of light and its role in russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), damage symptom formation, and photosynthetic capacity in 'arapahoe' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were examined. after 72 h under continuous dark or continuous light regimes, the number of aphids (nymphs), leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, fresh leaf weight, and chlorophyll contents were recorded. photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll a, kinetics and chlorophyll extractions also were determined. aphid infestation ...	2003	12650362
molecular and carbon isotopic composition of leaf wax in vegetation and aerosols in a northern prairie ecosystem.	we measured the molecular and carbon isotopic composition of major leaf wax compound classes in northern mixed mesic prairie species (agropyron smithii, stipa viridula, bouteloua gracilis, tragopogon dubius) and in selected crops (triticum aestivum, brassica napus, hordeum vulgare, medicago sativa) of southern alberta and also in aerosols collected 4 m above the prairie canopy. our aims were to better constrain the wax biosynthetic carbon isotopic fractionation relative to the plant's carbon iso ...	2003	12647105
using weather indices to predict survival of winter wheat in a cool temperate environment.	seven years of winter survival data for winter wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) were collected on a loam soil located on the central experimental farm at ottawa, ontario (45 degrees 23'n, 75 degrees 43'w). the site was low-lying and subject to frequent winter flooding and ice-sheet formation. two cultivars, a soft white and a hard red winter wheat, were planted in september. crop establishment was measured in late fall and the percentage survival was measured in april of the following year. meteoro ...	2003	12647092
structural organization of the group-1 chromosomes of two bread wheat sister lines.	eureka and renan are two french bread wheat cultivars derived from a 4-way cross. using molecular markers (essentially rflps), we studied the structure of the group-1 chromosomes of these two genotypes, their parents and a doubled-haploid (dh) population derived from their f(1). using the dh population (102 lines), a molecular map of the three homoeologous group-1 chromosomes was produced and compared with the map established on another intervarietal cross: courtot x chinese spring (cadalen et a ...	2003	12647070
an erebp/ap2-type protein in triticum aestivum was a dre-binding transcription factor induced by cold, dehydration and aba stress.	we characterize one transcription factor of dre-binding proteins (tadreb1) that was isolated from a drought-induced cdna library of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). tadreb1 contains one conserved erebp/ap2 domain, and shows similarity with arabidopsis thaliana dreb family members in both overall amino-acid sequences and the secondary structure arrangement within the dna-binding motifs. in yeast one-hybrid system, tadreb1, can specially activate the genes fused with the promoter containing three tan ...	2003	12647068
microsatellite mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm5e in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	powdery mildew, caused by erysiphe graminis dm f. sp. tritici (em. marchal), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat world-wide. chinese wheat variety 'fuzhuang 30' carries the powdery mildew resistance gene pm5e and has proven to be a valuable resistance source of powdery mildew for wheat breeding. microsatellite markers were employed to identify the gene pm5e in a f(2) progeny from the cross 'nongda 15' (susceptible) x 'fuzhuang 30' (resistant). the gene pm5e was mapped in the di ...	2003	12647060
plasma membrane h+-atpase is involved in auxin-mediated cell elongation during wheat embryo development.	previous investigations suggested that specific auxin spatial distribution due to auxin movements to particular embryonic regions was important for normal embryonic pattern formation. to gain information on the molecular mechanism(s) by which auxin acts to direct pattern formation in specific embryonic regions, the role of a plasma membrane (pm) atpase was evaluated as downstream target of auxin in the present study. western-blot analysis revealed that the pm h(+)-atpase expression level was sig ...	2003	12644680
identification of the wheat seed protein cm3 as a highly active emulsifier using a novel functional screen.	lyophilized albumin protein fractions were prepared from flour of four varieties of wheat: triticum aestivum cvs. mercia and riband, triticum aestivum var. spelta, and triticum turgidum var. durum (kamut). the dry powders were redissolved in sodium phosphate buffers at ph 3.0, 6.5, or 8.0 and at ionic strengths of 0.1 or 1.0 m to a concentration of 0.1% (w/v). emulsions formed by sonication of protein solutions with n-hexadecane were aged at room temperature and separated into aqueous, interstit ...	2003	12643668
correlated clustering and virtual display of gene expression patterns in the wheat life cycle by large-scale statistical analyses of expressed sequence tags.	compared to rice, wheat exhibits characteristic growth habits and contains complex genome constituents. to assess global changes in gene expression patterns in the wheat life cycle, we conducted large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) in common wheat. ten wheat tissues were used to construct cdna libraries: crown and root from 14-day-old seedlings; spikelet from early and late flowering stages; spike at the booting stage, heading date and flowering date; pistil at the heading date ...	2003	12631325
inheritance of dense spike in diploid wheat and aegilops squarrosa.	the individuals of diploid wheat triticum boeoticum, t. monococcum and t. sinskajae and goatgrass aegilops squarrosa were picked out with screening the dense spike characteristics. the dense-spike accessions were discovered in diploid wheat (t. sinskajae) and ae. squarrosa. inheritance of the dense spike was studied. the trait was found to be controlled by a recessive gene in t. sinskajae and by an incomplete dominant gene in ae. squarrosa. the dosage effect of dominant gene c was detected in in ...	2002	12627833
wheat proteomics: relationship between fine chromosome deletion and protein expression.	to explore the relationship between fine chromosome deletion and protein expression in common wheat, the changes in protein composition of wheat seed proteome were investigated by using chromosome 1b. a momosomic alien chromosome addition line of common wheat was used to produce the fine deletion lines. endosperm and embryo proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and visualized by staining with commassie brilliant blue, and gel images were analyzed with a computer a ...	2003	12627384
[effect of waterlogging on senescence of flag leaf and root of wheat yangmai].	in the pot culture experiment, winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) c.v. yanmai 5 was selected to study the effect of long-term water-logging, which was conducted from jointing stage to 20 days after anthesis, on grain weight and membrane lipid peroxidation, and on enzyme activities involving membrane lipid peroxide elimination of wheat leaf and root. the content of mda (malondialdehyde), the product of membrane lipid peroxidation in flag leaf and root under waterlogging increased significantly, ...	2002	12625022
a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase is integrated in dimboa-biosynthesis.	benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites of grasses that function as natural pesticides. while many steps of dimboa biosynthesis have been elucidated, the mechanism of the introduction of och(3)-group at the c-7 position was unknown. inhibitor experiments in triticum aestivum and zea mays suggest that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalyses the hydroxylation reaction at c-7. cloning and reverse genetics analysis have identified the bx6 gene that encodes this enzyme. bx6 is located in th ...	2003	12620350
structural analysis of xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i), a proteinaceous xylanase inhibitor from wheat (triticum aestivum, var. soisson).	a novel class of proteinaceous inhibitors exhibiting specificity towards microbial xylanases has recently been discovered in cereals. the three-dimensional structure of xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i) from wheat (triticum aestivum, var. soisson) was determined by x-ray crystallography at 1.8 a (1 a=0.1 nm) resolution. the inhibitor possesses a (beta/alpha)(8) barrel fold and has structural features typical of glycoside hydrolase family 18, namely two consensus regions, approximately corresp ...	0	12617724
antioxidant properties of bran extracts from "akron" wheat grown at different locations.	bran extracts of akron wheat grown at four nonirrigated and one irrigated testing locations were examined and compared for their free radical scavenging properties against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph()) and the radical cation abts()(+), chelating capacities, and total phenolic content (tpc) to determine the potential effects of environmental factors on the antioxidant properties of hard winter wheat. the environmental factors included total solar radiation, average daily so ...	2003	12617585
effect of weed extracts on seedling growth of some varieties of wheat.	allelopathic effect ofavena fatua l., cyperus rotundus l., polygonum hydropiper l., and solanum nigrum l. were examined on seedling growth of certain commonly used varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the tarai region of u.p. state. the weed extracts inhibited the length of plumule in all the varieties (100%) with solanum and it was in 12 (92%), 10 (77%) and 06 (46%) varieties with polygonum, avena and cyperus, respectively. in radicle length, it was in 92% with both polygonum and solanu ...	2002	12617313
proteomic analysis of the effect of heat stress on hexaploid wheat grain: characterization of heat-responsive proteins from total endosperm.	high temperatures during grain filling have been reported to be one of the factors that can affect the dough properties and quality characteristics of wheat. responses to high temperature have been related to changes in protein composition at both quantitative and qualitative levels. the present study was conducted to determine the influence of high temperature during grain filling on the protein composition of bread wheat evaluated by proteomic tools. plants were grown in the field and transfer ...	2003	12601810
assessment of the pulp and paper mill effluent on growth, yield and nutrient quality of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	assessment of agropotentiality of the effluent coming out from century pulp and paper mill, ghanshyamdham, lalkua (uttaranchal) has been made on wheat (triticum aestivum var. up-2329) crop grown in two soils differing in texture with different effluent concentrations. diluted effluent increased the chlorophyll content, plant height, shoot and root biomass, grain yield, protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents in wheat grains, while undiluted effluent caused inhibition in plant growth resulting i ...	2002	12597573
effect of external electrical field on mobile water fraction and physiological processes in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves.	experiments were conducted to study the effect of external electric field on physiological processes, moisture content and mobile water fraction in wheat leaves. application of electric field increased the stomatal resistance immediately and it continued to increase upto 10 min. photosynthesis and respiration of leaves decreased with the application of external electric field. leaf moisture content and mobile fraction of water measured as relaxation times were marginally increased with electric ...	2002	12597031
qtl analysis for grain protein content using ssr markers and validation studies using nils in bread wheat.	qtl interval mapping for grain protein content (gpc) in bread wheat was conducted for the first time, using a framework map based on a mapping population, which was available in the form of 100 recombinant inbred lines (rils). the data on gpc for qtl mapping was recorded by growing the rils in five different environments representing three wheat growing locations from northern india; one of these locations was repeated for 3 years. distribution of gpc values followed normal distributions in all ...	2003	12595995
introgression of 1dx5+1dy10 into tritordeum.	the uses of hexaploid tritordeum as a crop for human consumption require improvement of its bread-making quality. for this purpose chromosome 1d of bread wheat with the glu-d1 allele encoding for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits dx5+dy10 was introgressed into tritordeum. different primary tritordeums were crossed with wheats carrying subunits dx5+dy10. the hybrids were backcrossed to tritordeum and seeds for the next backcross (or selfing) were selected for the presence of chromosome 1d u ...	2003	12595993
structural studies of glutenin subunits 1dy10 and 1dy12 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.	structural studies of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunits 1dy10 and 1dy12 of bread wheat were conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/esi-ms). for both proteins, maldi-tofms analysis showed that the isolated fractions contained a second component with a mass about 500-540 da lower than the major component. th ...	2003	12590393
the wheat d-genome hmw-glutenin locus: bac sequencing, gene distribution, and retrotransposon clusters.	a bacterial-artificial-chromosome (bac) clone from the genome of triticum tauschii, the d-genome ancestor of hexaploid bread wheat, was sequenced and the presence of the two paralogous x- and y-type high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin genes of the glu-d1 locus was confirmed. these two genes occur in the same orientation, are 51,893 bp apart, and the separating dna includes a 31,000-bp cluster of retrotransposons. a second retrotransposon cluster of 32,000 bp follows the x-type hmw-glutenin gene ...	2003	12590343
plasmon analysis of triticum (wheat) and aegilops. 2. characterization and classification of 47 plasmons based on their effects on common wheat phenotype.	this article comprises our final remarks on the phenotypic effects of alien plasmons on common wheat. twenty-one vegetative, reproductive, and seed characters of 551 alloplasmic lines of 12 common wheat genotypes with 46 alloplasmons, and as the control, their euplasmic lines were investigated. effects of genotype, plasmon, and their interaction had high statistical significance for all the characters investigated, whereas phenotypic variations attributable to the alien plasmons were relatively ...	2002	12589076
bioregulation of carbohydrate metabolism in relation to source-sink operation during grain-filling phase of growth in wheat.	mobilization of free sugars from vegetative tissues to grain and their transformation to starch in relation to activities of some relevant enzymes during growth and development were investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). vegetative tissues, viz. flag-leaf, flag-leaf sheath, nodes and internodes contained high concentration of free sugars from 70 das to 18 dpa and that was in the order of accumulation--flag-leaf sheath> flag-leaf and internodes > nodes. in these tissues, major portion of 1 ...	2002	12587738
expression of cytosolic and plastid acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase genes in young wheat plants.	expression of cytosolic and plastid acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) gene families at the mrna level was analyzed in developing wheat (triticum aestivum) plants. the major plastid accase mrna level is high in the middle part of the plant and low in roots and leaf blades. an alternative plastid accase transcript initiated at a different promoter and using an alternative 5' splice site for the first intron accumulates to its highest level in roots. cytosolic accase mrna also consists of two ...	2003	12586900
fructan 1-exohydrolases. beta-(2,1)-trimmers during graminan biosynthesis in stems of wheat? purification, characterization, mass mapping, and cloning of two fructan 1-exohydrolase isoforms.	graminan-type fructans are temporarily stored in wheat (triticum aestivum) stems. two phases can be distinguished: a phase of fructan biosynthesis (green stems) followed by a breakdown phase (stems turning yellow). so far, no plant fructan exohydrolase enzymes have been cloned from a monocotyledonous species. here, we report on the cloning, purification, and characterization of two fructan 1-exohydrolase cdnas (1-feh w1 and w2) from winter wheat stems. similar to dicot plant 1-fehs, they are der ...	2003	12586886
zinc efficiency is correlated with enhanced expression and activity of zinc-requiring enzymes in wheat.	zinc (zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. the ability of plants to maintain significant yields under low zn is termed zn efficiency (ze) and its genetic and mechanistic basis is still not well understood. previously, we showed that root zn uptake did not play a role in ze. in the current study, zn-efficient and -inefficient wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown for 13 d in chelate buffer nutrient solutions at low (0.1 pm), sufficient (150 pm), and high (1 microm) zn(2+) activi ...	2003	12586883
mapping of quantitative trait loci determining agronomic important characters in hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	a set of 114 recombinant inbred lines of the 'international triticeae mapping initiative' mapping population was grown during the seasons 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 under several environments. twenty morphological (glume colour, awn colour, waxiness, leaf erectness, peduncle length), agronomical (ear emergence time, flowering time, grain filling time, ear length, plant height, lodging, grain number, thousand-grain-weight, grain weight per ear, grain protein content, winter hardiness) and disease ...	2002	12582918
an estimation of the minimum number of ssr alleles needed to reveal genetic relationships in wheat varieties. i. information from large-scale planted varieties and cornerstone breeding parents in chinese wheat improvement and production.	the genetic relationships of 43 wheat varieties were analyzed with ssr markers. the materials employed included 14 cornerstone breeding parents used before 1980 and another 29 other large-scale planted varieties currently in use in china. a total of 501 different alleles were amplified, including 166 alleles of the a genome, 174 of the b genome and 161 of the d genome. data obtained were used to estimate genetic similarity using the dice coefficient, and dendrograms were constructed using the up ...	2002	12582878
microsatellite analysis of wheat chromosome 2d allows the reconstruction of chromosomal inheritance in pedigrees of breeding programmes.	the dwarfing gene rht8 and the photoperiodic insensitivity gene ppd-d1 are linked on the short arm of chromosome 2d of bread wheat and play an important role in determining the geographic adaptation of modern wheat varieties. the genes are believed to originate from the old japanese variety 'akakomugi' and have been distributed throughout the world by diverse breeding programmes. twelve microsatellite loci previously mapped on wheat chromosome 2d were used for a retrospective analysis of 59 whea ...	2002	12582874
mapping qtls for grain hardness and puroindoline content in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	genes for puroindoline-a (pin-a), puroindoline-b (pin-b) and grain-softness proteins (gsp) have been shown to be linked to the dominant ha locus responsible for the soft texture of the grain. though linkage has been demonstrated of the puroindoline genes to the ha locus, there is no clear evidence that puroindoline content is the product of the gene ha. a segregating population of 115 recombinant inbred lines (rils) originating from a cross between the hexaploid synthetic wheat ( triticum durum ...	2002	12582867
chromosomal location of a triticum dicoccoides-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat by using microsatellite markers.	the powdery mildew resistance has been transferred from an israeli wild emmer (triticum dicoccoides) accession "g-305-m" into common wheat by crossing and backcrossing (g-305-m/781//jing 411*3). genetic analysis showed that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene at the seedling stage. among the 102 pairs of ssr primers tested, four polymorphic microsatellite markers (xpsp3029, xpsp3071, xpsp3152 and xgwm570) from the long arm of chromosome 6a were mapped in a bc(2)f(3) populatio ...	2003	12582861
identification of chromosome arms influencing expression of the hmw glutenins in wheat.	the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin genes, located on the group 1l chromosome arms, are a major determinant for baking quality in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). in addition, the hmw glutenin genes provide a valuable model system for studying the evolution and regulation of orthologous and paralogous genes in polyploid species. the goal of this study was to identify loci that modify the expression of the hmw glutenins, and to map them to specific chromosome arms. comparisons were made betwee ...	2003	12582846
biochemical and genetic characterization of a monomeric storage protein (t1) with an unusually high molecular weight in triticum tauschii.	the protein named t1, present in triticum tauschii, was previously characterized as a high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunit with a molecular size similar to that of the y-type glutenin subunit-10 of triticum aestivum. this protein was present along with other hmw glutenin subunits named 2(t) and t2, and was considered as part of the same allele at the glu-d (t) 1locus of t. tauschii. this paper describes a re-evaluation of this protein, involving analyses of a collection of 173 accessions ...	2002	12582724
use of sampl for a study of dna polymorphism, genetic diversity and possible gene tagging in bread wheat.	selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (sampl) technology was used in bread wheat for the first time for a study of genetic diversity, genotype identification and gene tagging. the diversity studies involved 55 wheat genotypes and two sampl primer pairs (sampl-6 and sampl-7, each with a m-cag primer), which together gave 43 polymorphic bands out of a total of 87 sampl bands. the average polymorphic information content (pic) of sampl primers was 0.221 and that of sampl markers ...	2002	12582720
characterisation and chromosomal localisation of c-type low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring.	low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits are classically divided into the b, c and d groups. most attention has been paid to the characterisation of the b and d groups, whereas c subunits, although represented by a large number of protein components, have not been thoroughly characterised, mainly because they tend to separate with the gliadins in many fractionation procedures. here we describe a procedure for obtaining a fraction strongly enriched in c subunits that has allowed us to determine the ...	2002	12582715
isolation of est-derived microsatellite markers for genotyping the a and b genomes of wheat.	genetic variation present in 64 durum wheat accessions was investigated by using three sources of microsatellite (ssr) markers: est-derived ssrs (est-ssrs) and two sources of ssrs isolated from total genomic dna. out of 245 ssr primer pairs screened, 22 est-ssrs and 20 genomic-derived ssrs were polymorphic and used for genotyping. the est-ssr primers produced high quality markers, but had the lowest level of polymorphism (25%) compared to the other two sources of genomic ssr markers (53%). the 4 ...	2002	12582712
spelt-specific alleles in hmw glutenin genes from modern and historical european spelt ( triticum spelta l.).	a partial promoter region of the high-molecular weight (hmw) glutenin genes was studied in two wheat specimens, a 300 year-old spelt ( triticum spelta l.) and an approximately 250 year-old bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) from switzerland. sequences were compared to a recent swiss landrace t. spelta'oberkulmer.' the alleles from the historical bread wheat were most similar to those of modern t. aestivumcultivars, whereas in the historical and the recent spelt specific alleles were detected. p ...	2002	12582705
physical location of a hsp70 gene homologue on the centromere of chromosome 1b of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	cereal centromeres consist of a complex organization of repetitive dna sequences. several repetitive dna sequences are common amongst members of the triticeae family, and others are unique to particular species. the organization of these repetitive elements and the abundance of other types of dna sequences in cereal centromeres are largely unknown. in this study, we have used wheat-rye translocation lines to physically map 1bl.1rs centromeric breakpoints and molecular probes to obtain further in ...	2002	12582685
production of a new wheat line possessing the 1bl.1rs wheat-rye translocation derived from korean rye cultivar paldanghomil.	the 1bl.1rs translocations between wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) and rye ( secale cereale l.) are widely used in bread wheat breeding programs, but all modern wheat cultivars with the 1bl.1rs have shown genetic vulnerability due to one rye source - a german cultivar, petkus. we have developed, a new 1bl.1rs wheat-rye translocation line from the backcross of the f(1) hybrid of wheat cv. olmil and rye cv. paldanghomil, both cultivars from korea. the gish technique was applied to identify the prese ...	2002	12582683
genetic analysis of vrn-b1 for vernalization requirement by using linked dcaps markers in bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	to identify a molecular marker closely linked to vrn-b1, the vrn-1 ortholog on chromosome 5b, sequence polymorphism at four orthologous rflp loci closely linked to the vrn-1 gene family was analyzed by using near-isogenic lines of "triple dirk." at xwg644, a rflp locus, three types of nucleotide sequence differing by the number of (tg) repeats, two or three times, and base changes were detected. a (tg)(3)-type sequence proved to be specific to chromosome 5b by nulli-tetrasomic analysis, and subs ...	2002	12582660
is the mnr locus of triticeae species the same as the ndh and dia loci?	the menadione reductase (mnr), the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ndh) and diaphorase (dia) isozymes were studied in the allohexaploid triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring" and in five diploid triticeae species. the mnr1, ndh3and dia1 loci were located on the chromosome arms 3al, 3bl and 3dl of t. aestivum, respectively. these loci were also located on the 3h chromosome of hordeum vulgare cv "betzes", the 3l chromosome of aegilops longissima and the 6rl chromosome arm of secale ...	2002	12582652
the molecular genetic characterization of the 'bobwhite' bread wheat family using aflps and the effect of the t1bl.1rs translocation.	bobwhite is a generic name that refers to all sister lines derived from the cross cm 33203 with the pedigree aurora//kalyan/bluebird/3/woodpecker made by the cimmyt bread wheat program in the early 1970s. individual sister lines can be distinguished by their unique selection history. one of the parents, aurora, contains the t1bl.1rs translocation from rye, and approximately 85% of the sister lines have inherited the translocation. the sister lines demonstrate great variability for agronomic trai ...	2002	12582648
isolation and characterization of five novel high molecular weight subunit of glutenin genes from triticum timopheevi and aegilops cylindrica.	analysis by sds-page of total protein fractions from single seeds of aegilops cylindrica (genomes c and d) and triticum timopheevi (genomes a and g) showed the presence of three bands corresponding to high molecular weight subunits of glutenin (hmw subunits) in the former and two major bands and a minor band corresponding to hmw subunits in the latter. three ae. cylindrica and two t. timopheevi hmw subunit gene sequences, each comprising the entire coding region, were amplified by polymerase cha ...	2002	12582643
molecular characterization of wheat polyphenol oxidase (ppo).	it is well-established that the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (ppo) is involved in undesirable browning of noodles, chapattis, middle east flat breads and steamed breads. methods for measuring ppo activity have been developed, and the variation of ppo activity among wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cultivars has been well documented. however, there is no report on the identification and characterization of a wheat ppo gene. pcr performed on wheat genomic dna with oligonucleotide primers designed from c ...	2002	12582641
the effect of a deficiency and a deletion on recombination in chromosome 1bl in wheat.	to test two models of chiasma allocation and the distribution of crossing-over in chromosomes, genetic mapping was performed in normal, deletion and deficiency chromosome arms 1bl of wheat, triticum aestivum l. shortening of the chromosome arm, either by a deletion of the proximal half of the arm or by a deficiency of the terminal quarter of the arm's length, significantly reduced the frequency of multiple crossovers but did not affect the distribution of the distal, presumably the first, crosso ...	2002	12582631
characterisation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from aegilops tauschii and transferability to the d-genome of bread wheat.	microsatellites were isolated from a aegilops tauschii (the d-genome donor of bread wheat) library enriched for various motifs. primers generated from the flanking region of the microsatellites were used successfully to amplify the corresponding loci in the d genome of bread wheat. additional amplification sometimes also occurred from the a and b genomes. the majority of the microsatellites contained (ga)(n) and (gt)(n) motifs. ga and gt repeats appeared to be both more abundant in this library ...	2002	12582627
comparison of homoeologous group-6 short arm physical maps of wheat and barley reveals a similar distribution of recombinogenic and gene-rich regions.	eighty two new loci, mapped with 51 dna clones, were added to the earlier deletion maps of the homoeologous group-6 short arms of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l. em thell., 2n = 6 x = 42, aabbdd). there are now 41, 56 and 52 loci mapped on deletion maps of 6as, 6bs and 6ds, respectively. the linear order of orthologous loci in all three arms appears to be identical. the majority of the loci are located in the distal one-half of the three arms. there seems to be an increased marker/gene de ...	2002	12582615
genes responding to vernalization in hexaploid wheat.	genotype-specific gene expression in response to vernalization in common wheat was examined by the differential display method. two near-isogenic lines of vrn-a1 ( vrn-a1 for the spring type and vrn-a1 for the winter type) were treated by vernalization of developing embryos in detached-ear cultures. this treatment was effective to promote vrn-a1 genotypes to head at a time equivalent to that of vrn-a1. differential cdna fragments were isolated by the rt-pcr method from embryos subjected to verna ...	2002	12582606
flow karyotyping and chromosome sorting in bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	previously, we reported on the development of procedures for chromosome analysis and sorting using flow cytometry (flow cytogenetics) in bread wheat. that study indicated the possibility of sorting large quantities of intact chromosomes, and their suitability for analysis at the molecular level. however, due to the lack of sufficient differences in size between individual chromosomes, only chromosome 3b could be sorted into a high-purity fraction. the present study aimed to identify wheat stocks ...	2002	12582592
identification of novel low m(r) glutenin subunits in the high quality bread wheat cv salmone and their effects on gluten quality.	southern-blot hybridization with a probe specific for genes encoding for low m(r) glutenin subunits showed that the high quality bread wheat cv salmone contains two dna fragments designated as sf720 and sf750. these fragments were found to occur on the chromosome-1b satellite, and to be associated with the presence of two strongly staining low m(r) glutenin subunits in the two-dimensional a-page x sds-page pattern of cv salmone. comparison of 65 f(6) random lines derived from the cross between c ...	2002	12582560
mixing of maize and wheat genomic dna by somatic hybridization in regenerated sterile maize plants.	intergeneric somatic hybridization was performed between albino maize ( zea mays l.) protoplasts and mesophyll protoplasts of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) by polyethylene glycol (peg) treatments. none of the parental protoplasts were able to produce green plants without fusion. the maize cells regenerated only rudimentary albino plantlets of limited viability, and the wheat mesophyll protoplasts were unable to divide. peg-mediated fusion treatments resulted in hybrid cells with mixed cytoplasm. ...	2002	12582555
genetic mapping of 66 new microsatellite (ssr) loci in bread wheat.	in hexaploid bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. em. thell), ten members of the iwmmn ( international wheat microsatellites mapping network) collaborated in extending the microsatellite (ssr = simple sequence repeat) genetic map. among a much larger number of microsatellite primer pairs developed as a part of the wmc ( wheat microsatellite consortium), 58 out of 176 primer pairs tested were found to be polymorphic between the parents of the itmi ( international triticeae mapping initiative) mappi ...	2002	12582546
rflp mapping of a hordeum bulbosum gene highly expressed in pistils and its relationship to homoeologous loci in other gramineae species.	a cdna sequence (hbc8-2) isolated from pistils of the self-incompatible species hordeum bulbosum was analysed for expression pattern and genetic map location. hbc8-2 was expressed just prior to anthesis in mature pistils, and expression was maintained at a high level throughout anthesis. the same expression pattern was found in self-incompatible rye ( secale cereale), but no expression was detected in the self-compatible cereals wheat ( triticum aestivum) or barley ( hordeum vulgare) at comparab ...	2002	12582529
development of sts markers linked to hessian fly resistance gene h6 in wheat.	hessian fly is one of the world's most destructive insect pests of wheat triticum aestivum l. we have used the combination of near-isogenic lines (nil) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis to screen up to 2,000 primers to identify dna markers that are linked to gene h6 that confers resistance to biotype b of the insect. this screen produced six primers that show polymorphic fragments associated with resistance by h6. we have screened 440 f(2) individuals from a cross of the susce ...	2002	12582491
studies of the transferability of microsatellites derived from triticum tauschii to hexaploid wheat and to diploid related species using amplification, hybridization and sequence comparisons.	hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l em thell) is derived from a complex hybridization procedure involving three diploid species carrying the a, b and d genomes, respectively. we recently isolated microsatellites from a t. tauschii library enriched for various motifs and evaluated the transferability of these markers to several diploid species carrying the a, b or d genomes. all of the primer pairs amplifying more than one locus on bread wheat and half of those giving d-genome-specific loci gav ...	2002	12582487
assessing genetic diversity of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) germplasm using microsatellite markers.	a set of 24 wheat microsatellite markers, representing at least one marker from each chromosome, was used for the assessment of genetic diversity in 998 accessions of hexaploid bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) which originated from 68 countries of five continents. a total of 470 alleles were detected with an average allele number of 18.1 per locus. the highest number of alleles per locus was detected in the b genome with 19.9, compared to 17.4 and 16.5 for genomes a and d, respectively. the l ...	2002	12582483
study of the relationship between pre-harvest sprouting and grain color by quantitative trait loci analysis in a whitexred grain bread-wheat cross.	in many wheat ( triticum aestivuml.) growing areas, pre-harvest sprouting (phs) may cause important damage, and in particular, it has deleterious effects on bread-making quality. the relationship between phs and grain color is well known and could be due either to the pleiotropic effect of genes controlling red-testa pigmentation ( r) or to linkage between these genes and other genes affecting phs. in the present work, we have studied a population of 194 recombinant inbred lines from the cross b ...	2002	12579426
a strategy for enhancing recombination in proximal regions of chromosomes.	as a rule, recombination in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is low in proximal and high in distal regions of chromosomes. recombination may be enhanced in proximal regions by using deletion (del) chromosomes deficient for a distal part of a chromosome arm. the chromosome del5bl-11 derived from chinese spring (cs) is missing 41% of the distal long arm. this line was made polymorphic by crossing with a stock in which chromosome 5b of cs (5b(cs)) is substituted for chromosome 5b of t. turgidum s ...	2002	12575793
[molecular analysis of leaf-rust resistant introgression lines obtained by crossing hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum with tetraploid wheat triticum timopheevii].	twenty-four triticum eastivum x t. timopheevii hybrid lines developed on the basis of five varieties of common wheat and resistant to leaf rust were analyzed by the use of microsatellite markers specific for hexaploid common wheat t. aestivum. investigation of intervarietal polymorphism of the markers showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 4, depending on the marker (2.5 on average). in t. timopheevii, amplification fragments are produced by 80, 55, and 30% of primers speci ...	2002	12575450
an x-ray micro-tomography system optimised for the low-dose study of living organisms.	an x-ray micro-tomography system has been designed that is dedicated to the low-dose imaging of radiation sensitive living organisms and has been used to image the early development of the first few days of plant development immediately after germination. the system is based on third-generation x-ray micro-tomography system and consists of an x-ray tube, two-dimensional x-ray detector and a mechanical sample manipulation stage. the x-ray source is a 50kvp x-ray tube with a silver target with a f ...	2003	12573316
intracellular feruloylation of arabinoxylan in wheat: evidence for feruloyl-glucose as precursor.	incorporation of [(3)h]arabinose and [(14)c]ferulic acid into soluble and polymeric fractions from suspension-cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cells and the corresponding extracellular medium was studied. the major part of these products was identified as arabinoxylan and two proteins of 40 and 100 kda. the time course suggests an intracellular synthesis of feruloylated arabinoxylan with feruloyl-glucose as substrate. in contrast, synthesis of feruloylated proteins appears to occur with fer ...	2003	12569404
synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of oxanilates as chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	chemical hybridizing agents (chas) can facilitate two-line breeding in heterosis programs of crops. twenty-seven oxanilates having different aromatic substitutions were synthesized and screened as chas on two genotypes of wheat, pbw 343 and hd 2733, during two rabi (winter) seasons, 2000-01 and 2001-02. the oxanilates prepared by thermal condensation of anilines with diethyl oxalate or by acylation with ethoxycarbonyl methanoyl chloride were sprayed at 1000 and 1500 ppm at the premeiotic stage o ...	2003	12568561
[mechanism and universality of yoda's -3/2 law of self-thinning in plant population].	according to plant modular theory, the yoda's-3/2 law of self-thinning was theoretically rederived in this paper. with the parameters in the expression of yoda's-3/2 law being given biological meanings, this article offered universal and rational explanations for relevant data in literatures that could not be explained before. based on the authors' hypothesis, the experiments on the self-thinning process of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were conducted. individual morphological and populati ...	2002	12561166
sucrose-phosphatase gene families in plants.	sucrose-phosphatase (spp; ec 3.1.3.24) catalyzes the final step in the pathway of sucrose biosynthesis and higher plants contain multiple isoforms of the enzyme encoded by different genes. the genome of the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) contains four spp-like genes on chromosomes 1 (atspp1), 2 (atspp2) and 3 (atspp3a and atspp3b), all of which are expressed. the genome of the monocotyledonous plant rice (oryza sativa) also contains four spp-like genes, which have very s ...	2003	12559580
dissipation of the herbicide dithiopyr in soil and residues in wheat (triticum aestivum l) grain under indian tropical conditions.	dissipation of dithiopyr in soil was monitored after application to wheat crop as pre- or post-emergence applications at two rates, viz 100 and 200 g ai ha(-1). the level of dithiopyr in the soil was assessed by gas chromatography, and its disappearence was found to follow a first-order decay curve irrespective of rate or method of application. the half-life in soil ranged between 17.3 and 25.0 days and residues at harvest (150 days after application) ranged between 4.0 and 8.8% of amounts appli ...	2003	12558106
[responses of agricultural crops of free-air co2 enrichment].	over the past decade, free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiments have been conducted on several agricultural crops: wheat(triticum aestivum l.), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and rice(oryza sativa l.) which are c3 grasses; sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) möench), a c4 grass; white clover (trifolium repens), a c3 legume; potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a c3 forb with tuber storage; and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and grape (vitis vinifera l.) which are c3 woody perennials. using reports fr ...	2002	12557686
antisense snf1-related (snrk1) protein kinase gene represses transient activity of an alpha-amylase (alpha-amy2) gene promoter in cultured wheat embryos.	a dna fragment corresponding to part of an snf1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1)-related protein kinase (snrk1) transcript was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from a wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm cdna library. it was used to construct a chimaeric gene, puassnrkn, comprising a ubiquitin promoter, the snrk1 pcr product in the antisense orientation and the nopaline synthase (nos) gene terminator. this construct was used in transient gene expression experiments in cultured wheat embry ...	2003	12554717
stable sulfur isotope ratio indicates long-term changes in sulfur deposition in the broadbalk experiment since 1845.	archived wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain and straw, and soil samples from the control plot of the rothamsted broadbalk experiment, located in southeastern england and established in 1843, were used to investigate the effects of dramatically changing so2 pollution inputs on the concentrations and stable isotope ratios (delta34s) of s in the samples. representative coal samples from uk major coal fields were also determined for delta34s. concentrations of s showed no clear trends in either grai ...	2017	12549539