Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| fluoroquinolone resistance and clostridium difficile, germany. | we characterized 670 clostridium difficile isolates collected from patients in 84 hospitals in germany in 2008. pcr ribotyping showed high prevalence of ribotype 001 and restricted dissemination of ribotype 027 strains. fluoroquinolone resistance and associated gyrase mutations were frequent in various ribotypes, but no resistance to metronidazole or vancomycin was noted. | 2010 | 20350385 |
| clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized children, united states, 1997-2006. | we evaluated the annual rate (cases/10,000 hospitalizations) of pediatric hospitalizations with clostridium difficile infection (cdi; international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification code 008.45) in the united states. we performed a time-series analysis of data from the kids' inpatient database within the health care cost and utilization project during 1997-2006 and a cross-sectional analysis within the national hospital discharge survey during 2006. the rate of pedi ... | 2010 | 20350373 |
| trial of universal gloving with emollient-impregnated gloves to promote skin health and prevent the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms in a surgical intensive care unit. | to compare the efficacy of universal gloving with emollient-impregnated gloves with standard contact precautions for the control of multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) and to measure the effect on healthcare workers' (hcws') hand skin health. | 2010 | 20350197 |
| trends in clostridium difficile infection among peripartum women. | with use of the nationwide inpatient sample, we conducted a study to determine whether rates of clostridium difficile infection for delivery-associated hospitalizations are increasing. from 1998 to 2006, the number and incidence of c. difficile infection among peripartum women increased significantly. these increases were comparable to those observed in the general hospitalized population. | 2010 | 20350150 |
| clostridium difficile and the surgeon. | 2010 | 20349650 | |
| hypoxia-inducible factor signaling provides protection in clostridium difficile-induced intestinal injury. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. antibiotic resistance and increased virulence of strains have increased the number of c difficile-related deaths worldwide. the innate host response mechanisms to c difficile are not resolved; we propose that hypoxia-inducible factor (hif-1) has an innate, protective role in c difficile colitis. we studied the impact of c difficile toxins on the regulation of hif-1 and evaluated the role of hif-1alpha in c difficile-me ... | 2010 | 20347817 |
| clostridium difficile is not associated with outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in the elderly in the netherlands. | the coincidental increase in norovirus outbreaks and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) raised the question of whether these events could be related, e.g. by enhancing spread by diarrhoeal disease outbreaks. therefore, we studied the prevalence of c. difficile in outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in nursing homes for the elderly and characterised enzyme immunoassay (eia)-positive stool samples. stool samples from nursing home residents (n = 752) in 137 outbreaks of viral aetiology were inves ... | 2010 | 20339889 |
| molecular characterization of toxin a-negative, toxin b-positive variant strains of clostridium difficile isolated in korea. | a(-)b(+)clostridium difficile strains are prevalent in korea. we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), polymerase chain reaction ribotyping, and toxinotyping in 82 a(-)b(+) clinical isolates in korea. pfge showed highest discriminatory capability among the 3 methods. by pfge, persistence of a clone was found, suggesting this clone has adapted to the hospital environment. | 2010 | 20338708 |
| re-evaluation of current a0 value recommendations for thermal disinfection of reusable human waste containers based on new experimental data. | issues over the correct cleaning and disinfection of reusable medical devices are of great concern for local infection control teams. we investigated the heat resistance of two important micro-organisms implicated in nosocomial infections, enterococcus spp. and spores of bacillus subtilis (a surrogate for clostridium difficile). disinfection with moist heat, based on the a(0) concept (en iso 15883-1), is the most common method for disinfection of human waste containers in the hospital setting. t ... | 2010 | 20338666 |
| rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. | hepatic encephalopathy is a chronically debilitating complication of hepatic cirrhosis. the efficacy of rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, is well documented in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy, but its efficacy for prevention of the disease has not been established. | 2010 | 20335583 |
| [experiences with outbreak of clostridium difficile 027]. | 2010 | 20334786 | |
| comparison of repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr with pcr ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in studying the clonality of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection is most often induced by antibiotic treatment. recently, morbidity and mortality resulting especially from c. difficile pcr ribotype 027 have increased significantly. in addition, more severe disease has been associated with c. difficile pcr ribotype 078 strains. thus, reliable typing methods for epidemic control are needed. in the present study, we compared an automated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) method (diversilab; bacterial b ... | 2011 | 20331683 |
| effects of inoculum, ph, and cations on the in vitro activity of fidaxomicin (opt-80, par-101) against clostridium difficile. | the effects of the inoculum, ph, cation concentrations, and different lots of commercial media on the in vitro susceptibility of clostridium difficile to fidaxomicin were examined. of the factors evaluated, only ph alterations influenced the activity of fidaxomicin against c. difficile, noticeably reducing its activity at higher ph (> or =7.9). | 2010 | 20308366 |
| clinical practice guidelines for clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of america (shea) and the infectious diseases society of america (idsa). | since publication of the society for healthcare epidemiology of america position paper on clostridium difficile infection in 1995, significant changes have occurred in the epidemiology and treatment of this infection. c. difficile remains the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and is increasingly important as a community pathogen. a more virulent strain of c. difficile has been identified and has been responsible for more-severe cases of disease worldwide. data reporting the ... | 2010 | 20307191 |
| multiple peracute deaths in a colony of syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). | 2010 | 20305630 | |
| co-culture with potentially probiotic microorganisms antagonises virulence factors of clostridium difficile in vitro. | toxigenic strains of clostridium difficile were co-cultured with different strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. spent culture supernatants were tested for biological activity on cultured vero cells. co-culture of c. difficile with some potentially probiotic strains lead to a reduction of the biological activity of spent culture supernatants. the observed effects cannot be ascribed either to secreted factors from the probiotic strains or to toxin adsorption by bacterial cells. immunologica ... | 2010 | 20232250 |
| prevention and medical management of clostridium difficile infection. | 2010 | 20228142 | |
| glutamate dehydrogenase as confirmatory test for clostridium difficile toxin a/b-positive stools. | 2010 | 20227790 | |
| reducing clostridium difficile through early identification of clusters and the use of a standardised set of interventions. | in recent years the rates of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have increased worldwide with several large outbreaks occurring within the uk. new guidance from the uk department of health describes measures to investigate periods of increased incidence (pii) of cdi which include informing staff, ribotyping isolates, enhanced cleaning, audits and monitoring of antibiotic prescribing. this study aimed to determine whether a standardised set of measures could be used to control the incidence of ... | 2010 | 20227140 |
| molecular characterization of moxifloxacin resistance from canadian clostridium difficile clinical isolates. | fluoroquinolone resistance in clostridium difficile has been implicated in recent outbreaks of c. difficile infection. the purpose of this report was to characterize the molecular mechanism conferring resistance to moxifloxacin among c. difficile clinical isolates. eighty-four c. difficile clinical isolates (collected as part of the canadian nosocomial infection surveillance program) were evaluated in the current study. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to type the isolates. susceptibili ... | 2010 | 20226332 |
| [prevalence of clostridium difficile in swine thought to have clostridium difficile infections (cdi) in eleven swine operations in the netherlands]. | 2010 | 20225480 | |
| optimum timing of blood tests for monitoring patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | this study aimed to identify optimum timing of blood tests and suitable cutoff values when managing patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), in relation to early mortality. | 2010 | 20224434 |
| clinical predictors and risk factors for relapsing clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common cause of morbidity among hospitalized patients. multiple factors have been associated with primary cdi, but risk factors for cdi relapses are less well described. | 2010 | 20224312 |
| the enteropathogenic escherichia coli effector nleh inhibits apoptosis induced by clostridium difficile toxin b. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, causing a spectrum of diseases ranging from diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis triggered by a range of virulence factors including c. difficile toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb). tcda and tcdb are monoglucosyltransferases that irreversibly glycosylate small rho gtpases, inhibiting their ability to interact with their effectors, guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and membrane partners, leading to disruption of downstream signallin ... | 2010 | 20223805 |
| changes in laboratory and clinical workload for clostridium difficile infection from 2003 to 2007 in hospitals in edinburgh. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a growing concern with regard to increases in incidence and its associated financial burden. a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to hospitals in edinburgh from 2003 to 2007 and tested for c. difficile toxins was performed. a total of 45 412 faecal samples were tested and 6286 (13.8%) were positive. overall cdi was identified in 1.7 cases/1000 in-patient occupied bed days (obd). the incidence of cdi fell from 1.98 cases/1000 obd in 2006 to 1.48 c ... | 2010 | 20222891 |
| cinderella service to health service priority: infection control in the uk. | reducing the morbidity, mortality and economic burden of healthcare-associated infection has become an nhs priority. however, this has not always been the case. the problems associated with hospital infection have been well known for some considerable time but historically the topic has been afforded scant resources, and relegated to 'cinderella' status. this began to change when seminal epidemiological studies of the 1970s and 1980s identified the scale of the problem, and accelerated when adju ... | 2010 | 20220651 |
| potential benefits of probiotics--main findings of an in-depth review. | media reports on probiotics have been conflicting which has led to increased confusion among the general population and also among health professionals. to disentangle myths and reality, the british nutrition foundation has carried out a review on probiotics and health. there is good evidence that probiotics are effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and, although only few studies have been carried out so far, probiotic microorganisms also seem to have the potential to prevent t ... | 2010 | 20220625 |
| a novel risk score to stratify severity of crohn's disease hospitalizations. | crohn's disease (cd) is a lifelong relapsing-remitting disease often requiring health-care contact, hospitalization, or surgery. general comorbidity indices were developed to predict mortality, which is rare in this population. there are limited tools to stratify these hospitalizations by severity. | 2010 | 20216534 |
| probiotics as therapy in gastroenterology: a study of physician opinions and recommendations. | the objective of this study was to determine how gastroenterologists perceive and use probiotic-based therapies in practice. | 2010 | 20216432 |
| prevalence and etiology of nosocomial diarrhoea in children < 5 years in tikrit teaching hospital. | a cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at tikrit teaching hospital, iraq, from october 2004 to september 2005, to identify the prevalence and etiology of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age. of 259 children admitted to the paediatric ward for reasons other than diarrhoea and hospitalized for more than 3 days, clinical and laboratory analysis of stool samples showed nosocomial diarrhoea in 84 children (32.4%). the most common causative agents were e ... | 2009 | 20214124 |
| daily skin cleansing with chlorhexidine did not reduce the rate of central-line associated bloodstream infection in a surgical intensive care unit. | cleansing the skin of intensive care unit (icu) patients daily with chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) has been associated with beneficial effects, including a reduction in central-line-associated bacteremias (clabsis). most studies have been done in medical icus. in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine skin cleansing on clabsi rates in a surgical icu. | 2010 | 20213074 |
| appropriateness of urinary tract infection diagnosis and treatment duration. | 2010 | 20212189 | |
| pleiotropic role of rac in mast cell activation revealed by a cell permeable bordetella dermonecrotic fusion toxin. | to activate the gtpase rac in rat basophilic leukemia (rbl) cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (bmmc) a tat fusion toxin of bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (dnt-tat) was constructed. the fusion toxin activated rac1 and rhoa in vitro but only rac in rbl cells and bmmc. dnt-tat caused an increase in inositol phosphate formation, calcium mobilization, erk activation and degranulation of mast cells. all these effects were inhibited by the rho gtpase-inactivating clostridium difficile toxi ... | 2010 | 20211724 |
| safety considerations of fluoroquinolones in the elderly: an update. | the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin are widely used for the treatment of various types of bacterial infections. overall, these antibacterial agents can be considered safe and well tolerated drugs. comparative studies have evaluated the use of quinolones in elderly and younger populations. although age per se does not seem to decrease their tolerability, specific adverse effects of the quinolones must be considered when they are chosen for antibacterial ... | 2010 | 20210367 |
| probiotics. | the pharmacology, uses, dosages, safety, drug interactions, and contraindications of probiotics are reviewed. | 2010 | 20208051 |
| prevalence and diversity of toxigenic clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile among swine herds in the midwest. | clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile are associated with scours in the neonatal piglet and are an economic concern in swine production. the objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence and diversity of c. perfringens and c. difficile isolates obtained from scouring neonatal piglets in a large integrated production system, as well as in smaller independently owned regional farms. rectal swabs were collected from 333 pigs at 11 sites in an integrated swine production sys ... | 2010 | 20208029 |
| how to avoid treating irritable bowel syndrome with biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. | some patients with an established diagnosis of crohn's disease and symptoms compatible with a disease flare do not have evidence of active crohn's disease by laboratory, endoscopic or radiographic criteria. in clinical trials, approximately 18% of patients with crohn's disease and moderate to severe clinical symptoms have no evidence of ulceration at colonoscopy. there are multiple other causes of symptoms in patients with crohn's disease, including the presence of disease complications (strictu ... | 2010 | 20203501 |
| infection control - delivering the message in the 21 century. | the experiences gleaned from new and suddenly emergent infectious diseases (e.g. sars, avian influenza or diarrhea caused by clostridium difficile) have highlighted how important it is, also for infection prophylaxis, to be able to find instruments for rapid and effective communication. since 1990 online (e) learning has been used to train nursing staff and offers the advantage of being able to study at an individual pace as well as cut down on the time and financial resources needed. it serves ... | 2007 | 20200683 |
| clostridium difficile toxin b differentially affects gpcr-stimulated ca2+ responses in macrophages: independent roles for rho and pla2. | clostridium difficile toxins cause acute colitis by disrupting the enterocyte barrier and promoting inflammation. toxb from c. difficile inactivates rho family gtpases and causes release of cytokines and eicosanoids by macrophages. we studied the effects of toxb on gpcr signaling in murine raw264.7 macrophages and found that toxb elevated ca(2+) responses to galphai-linked receptors, including the c5ar, but reduced responses to galphaq-linked receptors, including the udp receptors. other rho inh ... | 2010 | 20200401 |
| fatal clostridium difficile infection associated with vinorelbine chemotherapy: case report and literature review. | differentiating between chemotherapy-related diarrhoea and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) can be extremely difficult. there is increasing evidence that cdad can be seen in patients on chemotherapy without prior antibiotic usage. we report the first case of cdad secondary to vinorelbine chemotherapy and review the literature. | 2010 | 20198401 |
| antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis caused by cytotoxin-producing klebsiella oxytoca. | klebsiella oxytoca was recently described as the causative organism for antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (aahc). it is currently not known if this novel gastrointestinal infection exists in children. aahc is usually preceded by antibiotic treatment with penicillins, which are frequently prescribed for pediatric patients. in contrast to colitis caused by clostridium difficile, colitis caused by k oxytoca is usually segmental and located predominantly in the right colon. patients with aah ... | 2010 | 20194278 |
| stool studies: tried, true, and new. | much information can be obtained about a patient's gastrointestinal and overall nutritional status through stool samples. important infectious processes and neoplastic processes are initially identified through diagnostic tests and screening of stool samples. although in some arenas they are a source of embarrassment and distaste, the value of correctly obtained samples is unquestionable. patient collaboration with a critical care nurse is integral to obtaining stool samples. | 2010 | 20193887 |
| [clostridium-difficile-associated infections]. | c. difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen. this bacillus is responsible for virtually all cases of pseudomembranous colitis and for 15 to 25% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. clostridium difficile associated-infections (cdi) have a wide range of clinical features which vary from mild uncomplicated diarrhoea to severe debilitating disease, paralytic ileus, toxic megacolon, or even perforation and sometimes death. risk factors for cdi include age > 65 years, previous hos ... | 2010 | 20188046 |
| [factors associated with clostridium difficile disease in a tertiary-care medical institution in mexico: a case-control study]. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) has been clearly associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics worldwide. however, information about cdad is scarce in mexico and latin america. | 2009 | 20184096 |
| injudicious antibiotic use leading to fulminating clostridium difficile infection: a case report. | the case illustrates the myriad of fulminating complications due to clostridium difficile infection in a previously healthy individual without any risk factors. community acquired clostridium difficile infection can occur even many weeks after the course of broad spectrum antibiotics. there is no definitive pattern or guidelines to predict who would develop the fulminating complications. | 2009 | 20181200 |
| proposed changes to management of lower respiratory tract infections in response to the clostridium difficile epidemic. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains a major healthcare problem associated with antibiotic use in hospitals. recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the incidence of cdi in the uk and internationally. lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are the leading indication for antibiotic prescription in hospitals and are therefore a critical battleground in the fight against inappropriate antibiotic use and healthcare-associated infections. this article reviews the evidence for inter ... | 2010 | 20179023 |
| clostridium difficile - pathogen or pest? | 2000 | 20177553 | |
| a time-series analysis of clostridium difficile and its seasonal association with influenza. | to characterize the temporal progression of the monthly incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) and to determine whether the incidence of cdi is related to the incidence of seasonal influenza. | 2010 | 20175682 |
| reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile. | 2010 | 20171133 | |
| [specific antisepsis and environmental disinfection in preventing "clostridium difficile associated diarrhea"]. | in the last years, clostridium difficile acquired great interest for public health because of constant increase of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (cdad), especially in nosocomial field and as a consequences of its pathogenicity and virulence. oro-faecal transmission and great environmental persistence of clostridium difficile indicate hand hygiene of health care workers and environmental disinfection practices as key interventions for prevention and control of nosocomial cdad. the cur ... | 2009 | 20169831 |
| 3 bad bugs. | 2010 | 20164710 | |
| substrate specificity of ribose-5-phosphate isomerases from clostridium difficile and thermotoga maritima. | the activity of ribose-5-phosphate isomerases (rpib) from clostridium difficile for d-ribose isomerization was optimal at ph 7.5 and 40 degrees c, while that from thermotoga maritima for l-talose isomerization was optimal at ph 8.0 and 70 degrees c. c. difficile rpib exhibited activity only with aldose substrates possessing hydroxyl groups oriented in the right-handed configuration (fischer projections) at the c2 and c3 positions, such as d-ribose, d-allose, l-talose, l-lyxose, d-gulose, and l-m ... | 2010 | 20155483 |
| four country healthcare-associated infection prevalence survey: pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections. | in 2006, the hospital infection society was funded by the respective health services in england, wales, northern ireland and the republic of ireland to conduct a prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infection (hcai). here, we report the prevalence of pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infection other than pneumonia (lrtiop) in these four countries. the prevalence of all hcais was 7.59% (5743 out of 75 694). nine hundred (15.7%) of these infections were pneumonia, and 402 (7.0%) were lrt ... | 2010 | 20153552 |
| economic healthcare costs of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. cdi increases patient healthcare costs due to extended hospitalisation, re-hospitalisation, laboratory tests and medications. however, the economic costs of cdi on healthcare systems remain uncertain. the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to summarise available studies aimed at defining the economic healthcare costs of cdi. we conducted a literature search for peer- ... | 2010 | 20153547 |
| continuing diarrhoea after ten days of oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin for presumed, hospital-acquired clostridium difficile colitis in elderly hospital patients. | 2010 | 20153080 | |
| clostridium difficile: highlights from anaerobe 2008, the 9th biennial congress of the anaerobe society of the americas, long beach, california, usa, june 24-27, 2008. | 2009 | 20151487 | |
| neutralization of clostridium difficile toxin a using antibody combinations. | the pathogenicity of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is mediated by the release of two toxins, a and b. both toxins contain large clusters of repeats known as cell wall binding (cwb) domains responsible for binding epithelial cell surfaces. several murine monoclonal antibodies were generated against the cwb domain of toxin a and screened for their ability to neutralize the toxin individually and in combination. three antibodies capable of neutralizing toxin a all recognized multiple sites o ... | 2010 | 20150758 |
| the antimicrobial compound reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) induces oxidative stress via interaction with thiol groups. | reuterin is an antimicrobial compound produced by lactobacillus reuteri, and has been proposed to mediate, in part, the probiotic health benefits ascribed to this micro-organism. despite 20 years of investigation, the mechanism of action by which reuterin exerts its antimicrobial effects has remained elusive. here we provide evidence that reuterin induces oxidative stress in cells, most likely by modifying thiol groups in proteins and small molecules. escherichia coli cells subjected to subletha ... | 2010 | 20150236 |
| increasing incidence of community-associated atypical clostridium difficile disease in children. | forty-one children with a variety of gastrointestinal complaints were diagnosed with clostridium difficile infections as part of a routine screen over 3 years. the infection had not been suspected prior to the screen. each child responded to treatment with metronidazole with resolution of their symptoms. these data suggest that community-associated c difficile is increasing and may produce atypical disease and lead to misdiagnosis. | 2010 | 20150212 |
| a complex of 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-coenzyme a dehydratase and its activator from clostridium difficile stabilized by aluminium tetrafluoride-adenosine diphosphate. | the dehydration of 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-coa to isocaprenoyl-coa is the chemically most demanding step in the reduction of leucine to isocaproate by clostridium difficile, because the beta-hydrogen of the substrate is not acidic (pk(a) ca. 40). a two-component system, composed of a homodimeric activator and an heterodimeric dehydratase, catalyses this unusual alpha,beta-elimination of water. the reduced activator transfers an electron from its [4fe-4s](+) cluster to that of the dehydratase in an a ... | 2010 | 20146278 |
| dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285 and lactobacillus casei lbc80r for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients. | standard therapies for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) have limited efficacy. probiotic prophylaxis is a promising alternative for reduction of aad and cdad incidence. | 2010 | 20145608 |
| evaluation of the risk of transmission of bacterial biofilms and clostridium difficile during gastrointestinal endoscopy. | recent attention has focused on the potential for the transmission of bacterial biofilms, clostridium difficile, and other types of pathogenic spore-forming bacteria during gastrointestinal (gi) endoscopy. this study investigates whether gi endoscopy is a risk factor for the transmission of bacterial biofilms and the endospores or vegetative cells of pathogenic spore-forming bacteria including c. difficile. the medical literature was reviewed to evaluate the risk of the transmission of these inf ... | 2010 | 20145448 |
| association of ciprofloxacin prescriptions to outpatients to clostridium difficile infections. | to study if antibiotic treatment of outpatients had triggered clostridium difficile infections (cdi), prescription numbers were compared with cdi-affected patient numbers. a strong correlation was observed for ciprofloxacin (r=0.917), suggesting that increased use of ciprofloxacin by outpatients contributed to increased numbers of cdi. these findings deserve further investigation as they may have an impact on future decisions regarding antibiotic prescribing. | 2010 | 20144444 |
| trichomonas vaginalis vast bspa-like gene family: evidence for functional diversity from structural organisation and transcriptomics. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral human sexually transmitted pathogen and importantly, contributes to facilitating the spread of hiv. yet very little is known about its surface and secreted proteins mediating interactions with, and permitting the invasion and colonisation of, the host mucosa. initial annotations of t. vaginalis genome identified a plethora of candidate extracellular proteins. | 2010 | 20144183 |
| diagnosing of clostridium difficile colitis. | 2010 | 20134370 | |
| typing of clostridium difficile isolates endemic in japan by sequencing of slpa and its application to direct typing. | a typing system for clostridium difficile using sequencing of the surface-layer protein a encoding gene (slpa) was evaluated and used to analyse clinical isolates in japan. a total of 160 stool specimens from symptomatic patients in japan was examined and 87 c. difficile isolates were recovered. slpa sequence typing was found to have reliable typability and discriminatory power in comparison with pcr ribotyping, and the typing results were highly reproducible and comparable. slpa sequence typing ... | 2010 | 20133413 |
| significant impact of terminal room cleaning with bleach on reducing nosocomial clostridium difficile. | we were alerted to increased rates of clostridium difficile-positive tests at all 3 hospitals in our health care system by medmined data mining surveillance service, carefusion (san diego, ca). in response, an intervention of terminal room cleaning with dilute bleach was instituted to decrease the amount of c difficile environmental spore contamination from patients with c difficile infection (cdi). | 2010 | 20123150 |
| stool transplantation for older patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2009 | 20122011 | |
| reevaluation of the premier clostridium difficile toxin a and b immunoassay with comparison to glutamate dehydrogenase common antigen testing evaluating bartels cytotoxin and prodesse progastro cd polymerase chain reaction as confirmatory procedures. | enzyme immunoassays are currently the most common tests used in the clinical laboratory for the detection of clostridium difficile toxins; however, significant problems with their performance have recently been described. we prospectively reevaluated the meridian premier c. difficile toxin a/b assay with direct comparison to a 2-step algorithm that screened for c. difficile common antigen and compared cytotoxin and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as confirmatory procedures. the premier ... | 2010 | 20117349 |
| success of self-administered home fecal transplantation for chronic clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can relapse in patients with significant comorbidities. a subset of these patients becomes dependent on oral vancomycin therapy for prolonged periods with only temporary clinical improvement. these patients incur significant morbidity from recurrent diarrhea and financial costs from chronic antibiotic therapy. | 2010 | 20117243 |
| postoperative clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | abdominal surgery is thought to be a risk factor for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). the aims of this study were to discern pre-operative factors associated with postoperative cdad, examine outcomes after postoperative cdad, and compare outcomes of postoperative versus medical cdad. | 2010 | 20116817 |
| risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated clostridium difficile infection, north carolina, usa. | we determined estimated incidence of and risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) among patients treated at 6 north carolina hospitals. ca-cdi case-patients were defined as adults (>18 years of age) with a positive stool test result for c. difficile toxin and no hospitalization within the prior 8 weeks. ca-cdi incidence was 21 and 46 per 100,000 person-years in veterans affairs (va) outpatients and durham county populations, respectively. va case-patients we ... | 2010 | 20113547 |
| real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of clostridium difficile toxin-encoding strains. | clostridium difficile is considered an important emerging pathogen capable of causing disease in humans and animal species. in our study, we developed and evaluated a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of c. difficile genes encoding toxin a (tcda), toxin b (tcdb), and binary toxin (cdta and cdtb). the standardized real-time pcr assay for toxin genes of c. difficile was used to screen for toxigenic c. difficile in fecal samples from 71 preweaned calves, 53 ... | 2010 | 20113206 |
| adverse drug events among hospitalized medicare patients: epidemiology and national estimates from a new approach to surveillance. | although adverse drug events (ades) are a well-recognized problem among hospitalized patients, there is no system for monitoring them. six high-alert medications and associated adverse events were selected for inclusion in the medicare patient safety monitoring system (mpsms), a national surveillance system designed to identify and track over time inpatient adverse events within the hospitalized fee-for-service medicare population. | 2010 | 20112660 |
| incidence of clostridium difficile infection in patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | 2010 | 20109075 | |
| battling h1n1. | 2009 | 20108792 | |
| detection and characterization of clostridium difficile in retail chicken. | this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of clostridium difficile contamination of retail chicken. | 2010 | 20102510 |
| identification of risk factors for the development of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea following treatment of polymicrobial surgical infections. | to identify risk factors for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in surgical patients following treatment of polymicrobial infections. | 2010 | 20101175 |
| multicenter study of surveillance for hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection by the use of icd-9-cm diagnosis codes. | to compare incidence of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (cdi) measured by the use of international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm) discharge diagnosis codes with rates measured by the use of electronically available c. difficile toxin assay results. | 2010 | 20100085 |
| is high consumption of antibiotics associated with clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction-ribotype 027 infections in france? | we compared antibiotic consumption between hospitals affected by a strain of clostridium difficile designated as polymerase chain reaction-ribotype 027 (cd-027) and those unaffected during an outbreak in northern france. the mean consumption of several beta-lactams, amikacin, and fluoroquinolones was high in affected hospitals (p < .05). however, only levofloxacin and imipenem remained associated with emerging cd-027 in the multivariate analysis, suggesting that those antibiotics should be bette ... | 2010 | 20100084 |
| nosocomial diarrhoea in adult medical patients: the role of clostridium difficile in a north italian acute care teaching hospital. | the number of patients with severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) increases. health care facilities are requested to establish rates of nosocomially acquired cdad (n-cdad) to understand the impact of control or prevention measures, and the burden of n-cdad on health care resources. | 2009 | 20099443 |
| should probiotics be routine therapy for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea? | 2010 | 20099380 | |
| detection of clostridium difficile infection: a suggested laboratory diagnostic algorithm. | currently, the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) relies on the detection of toxins a and b in faeces but the sensitivity of these tests has been questioned, particularly in advanced disease. in this context, additional methods to enhance the diagnosis of c. difficile have been investigated. in this study, 1007 faecal samples are tested using toxigenic culture, an immunoassay for toxins ab and the c. difficile-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) test. samples positive by any o ... | 2009 | 20095124 |
| disease transmission model for community-associated clostridium difficile infection. | participating researchers and public health personnel at a canadian workshop in 2007, noted considerable gaps in current understanding of community-associated clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi), specifically infection sources and risk factors. a disease transmission model for ca-cdi was requested as an initial step towards a risk assessment, to analyse infection sources and risk factors, addressing priority research areas. the developed model contains eight infection states (susceptible, g ... | 2010 | 20092667 |
| metabolism of bile salts in mice influences spore germination in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea. in order to produce toxins and cause disease, c. difficile spores must germinate and grow out as vegetative cells in the host. although a few compounds capable of germinating c. difficile spores in vitro have been identified, the in vivo signal(s) to which the spores respond were not previously known. examination of intestinal and cecal extracts from untreated and antibiotic-treated mice revealed that extrac ... | 2010 | 20090901 |
| clostridium difficile--beyond antibiotics. | 2010 | 20089977 | |
| treatment with monoclonal antibodies against clostridium difficile toxins. | new therapies are needed to manage the increasing incidence, severity, and high rate of recurrence of clostridium difficile infection. | 2010 | 20089970 |
| infection control: a review for certification. | 2009 | 20088193 | |
| prevalence of diverticulosis in recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | to re-evaluate the theory that colonic diverticulosis is associated with relapse of clostridium difficile associated disease (cdad) in light of data suggesting increasing rates of cdad infection and relapse. | 2010 | 20082480 |
| clostridium difficile infection: a critical analysis of the guidance. | a recent report by the department of health, clostridium difficile infection: how to deal with the problem - a board to ward approach, is a revised set of guidelines based on best practice and key recommendations for the nhs to ensure the control of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). it takes into account a national framework for clinical governance which did not previously exist, a framework that gives significant weight to infection control as a matter of patient safety, and highlights tha ... | 2009 | 20081684 |
| betapix up-regulates na+/h+ exchanger 3 through a shank2-mediated protein-protein interaction. | na(+)/h(+) exchanger 3 (nhe3) plays an important role in neutral na(+) transport in mammalian epithelial cells. the rho family of small gtpases and the pdz (psd-95/discs large/zo-1) domain-based adaptor shank2 are known to regulate the membrane expression and activity of nhe3. in this study we examined the role of betapix, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the rho gtpase and a strong binding partner to shank2, in nhe3 regulation using integrated molecular and physiological approaches. imm ... | 2010 | 20080968 |
| clostridium difficile in raw products of animal origin. | prevalence of clostridium difficile was examined in austrian ground meat samples and bactofugates, following an evaluation of enrichment broths. bactofugation is a centrifugation procedure used at sensitive dairies to lower the concentration of spores in raw milk before heat treatment. among the five enrichment broths tested, c. difficile moxalactam norfloxacin boullion (cdmn) was the only one that allowed recovery of c. difficile from artificially spiked meat samples. use of tween 80 as a deter ... | 2010 | 20079946 |
| [problem of infection in the icu]. | there are many infectious diseases related to the treatment such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, catheter-related bloodstream infection, surgical site infection, and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, characteristic of the infectious disease in the icu. as a complication of the use of the medical devices, you should consider the risk of the infection. for infection caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria such as mrsa, pseudomonas aeruginos ... | 2010 | 20077770 |
| [recent trend and research issues related to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria]. | the discovery of penicillin in 1928 was followed by the discovery and synthesis of various kinds of antimicrobial agents such as quinolone, aminogycoside, macrolide, tetracyclone, and oxazolidinone. these discoveries dramatically decreased the mortality rate due to infectious diseases. however, bacteria have also acquired antimicrobial-resistance genes or changed their own genes to oppose these antimicrobial agents, and now drug-resistant bacteria are becoming a serious clinical concern. today, ... | 2010 | 20077765 |
| effect of biotherapeutics on cyclosporin-induced clostridium difficile infection in mice. | immunosuppressive therapy may precipitate clostridium difficile associated disease (cdad). we evaluated the role of cyclosporin in the development of cdad in the experimental mouse model and studied the effect of probiotic and epidermal growth factor (egf) as biotherapeutics measures. | 2010 | 20074161 |
| clostridium difficile testing in the clinical laboratory by use of multiple testing algorithms. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has risen almost 3-fold in the united states over the past decade, emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate tests for cdi. the cepheid xpert c. difficile assay is an integrated, closed, nucleic acid amplification system that automates sample preparation and real-time pcr detection of the toxin b gene (tcdb). a total of 432 stool specimens from symptomatic patients were tested by a glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) assay, a toxin a and b enzym ... | 2010 | 20071552 |
| comparison of immunocard toxins a&b and the new semiautomated vidas clostridium difficile toxin a&b tests for diagnosis of c. difficile infection. | 2010 | 20071550 | |
| coexistence of multiple multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis subtypes of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027 strains within fecal specimens. | we investigated whether multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) typing could identify different subtypes of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 within the same feces specimen. five of 39 specimens yielded at least one isolate with an mlva profile different (more than five summed tandem repeat differences) from that of other isolates in the same specimen, thereby potentially obscuring epidemiological links between c. difficile infection cases. | 2010 | 20071546 |
| fidaxomicin: a macrocyclic antibiotic for the management of clostridium difficile infection. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | 2010 | 20071495 |
| four distinct structural domains in clostridium difficile toxin b visualized using saxs. | clostridium difficile is a nosocomial bacterial pathogen causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and fatal pseudomembranous colitis. key virulence factors are toxin a and toxin b (tcdb), two highly related toxins that are members of the large clostridial toxin family. these large multifunctional proteins disrupt cell function using a glucosyltransferase domain that is translocated into the cytosol after vesicular internalization of intact holotoxin. although substantial information about the bioc ... | 2010 | 20070948 |