Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the combination methylpartricin-5-fluorocytosine. | in vitro studies on the antifungal activity exerted by the combinations spa-s-222 (a hydrosoluble derivative of the polyene antibiotic methylpartricin) and 5-fluorocytosine evidence a favourable interaction against the formation of germ-tube in candida albicans; against cryptococcus neoformans and 5fc induced-resistant strains of candida albicans. in the experimental infections with candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans a significantly favourable interaction was exerted by polyene-5fc com ... | 1984 | 6398120 |
| virulence, capsule size and lipid composition interrelation of cryptococcus neoformans. | virulence and lipid composition were studied in three isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. virulence was evaluated by injecting mice intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells and recording organ involvement and spontaneous death over a 25 day period. though the least virulent strain contained the least amount of total lipid and phospholipids, none of the lipids showed any quantitative relation to virulence. there was no major difference in the phospholipid composition among the three strains. fungal ce ... | 1984 | 6392831 |
| lipid composition of cryptococcus neoformans. | the lipid composition of cryptococcus neoformans grown in sabouraud's dextrose broth (shake culture) was analysed. the organism contained extremely low amounts of lipid (0.96% dry weight basis) of which 86.1% were nonpolaris lipids, 3.4% phospholipids and the rest were glycolipids and pigments. alkoxylipids (41%), tryglicerides (18%), diglycerides (7.4%), free fatty acids (5.4%), sterols (4.7%), sterol ester (3.9%) and monoglycerides (2.2%) were found in the nonpolar lipid fraction of c. neoform ... | 1984 | 6392829 |
| functional testing and chemical composition of cryptococcal extracts. | three antigens were compared for their ability to detect immune responses in c57bl/6 mice sensitized to cryptococcus neoformans. elicitation of responses in vitro was greatest with a urea extract antigen, followed in efficiency by an alkali extract and a soluble capsular polysaccharide preparation. the reactivity paralleled the protein content of the preparation. | 1984 | 6390739 |
| an improved medium for the isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon droppings. | isolation of cryptococcus neoformans is enhanced when methyl violet at 2 mg l-1 is added to the usual guizotia abyssinica medium. in preliminary tests the medium has also proved useful for isolating c. neoformans from other sources. | 1984 | 6390736 |
| enzyme immunoassay detection of igm to galactoxylomannan of cryptococcus neoformans. | antibodies against the major capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans, glucuronoxylomannan (gxm), and a minor secreted polysaccharide, galactoxylomannan (galxm), were surveyed by indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia) in patients with cryptococcosis, with other mycoses, and in normal controls. measurement of igg levels against galxm revealed cross reactions in candidiasis patients that were reduced by adsorption with candida albicans cell walls. measurement of igm levels were subject to few ... | 1984 | 6388977 |
| update and evaluation of the automicrobic yeast identification system. | the automicrobic system (ams) yeast biochemical card (vitek systems inc., hazelwood, mo.) is a system which has been designed for rapid and automated reporting of yeast identification in the clinical laboratory. recent improvements have been implemented in the ams data base to expand and enhance its yeast identification capabilities. these improvements include the addition of seven biotypes, changes in data analysis scheme, and construction of the taxonomic keys. the updated system was compared ... | 1984 | 6386872 |
| cryptococcal cellulitis. | immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to unusual pathogens. the case of an immunocompromised patient who presented with cellulitis as the only manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis is reported. the literature on cryptococcal cellulitis is reviewed. | 1984 | 6386357 |
| growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans by cloned cultured murine macrophages. | cloned and unselected bone marrow-derived macrophage cell lines were obtained from a/j, akr/j, bio.a(5r), cba/j, dba/2, hpc, nzw, and [nzb x nzw]f1 mice, and their interactions were studied in vitro with a lightly encapsulated natural serotype a isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. growth inhibition of c. neoformans was seen with all of the cell lines, as determined by enumeration of colony-forming units. inhibition was enhanced by a high concentration (8%) of fresh mouse serum and was the same f ... | 1984 | 6386187 |
| pulmonary cell response in mice following intranasal instillation with cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans was instilled intranasally into mice which were sacrificed to determine the fate of instilled cryptococci and the pulmonary cellular response. during the first 12 h, instilled cryptococci decreased significantly in numbers and did not disseminate to extrapulmonary sites. there was a transient increase in neutrophils which may have been due to an influx of bacteria which accompanied the process of intranasal instillation. | 1984 | 6382016 |
| resistance to challenge and macrophage activity in mice previously vaccinated with formalin-killed cryptococcus neoformans. | mice were vaccinated with formalin-killed cryptococcus neoformans either intranasally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally. resistance to lethal challenge and in vitro phagocytic activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages was studied. increased resistance to lethal challenge was seen following vaccination by each of the three routes but increased phagocytic activity was seen only in alveolar macrophages from mice vaccinated intranasally. | 1984 | 6382015 |
| diagnostic exercise. cryptococcosis in a cat. | 1984 | 6379287 | |
| epidemiologic differences between the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans. | this report of the worldwide distribution of two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans was drawn from data on 628 clinical isolates and from data on 97 additional isolates from other laboratories. tests showed that 100% of the cultures from austria, belgium, denmark, france, germany, holland, italy, switzerland, and japan belonged to c. neoformans var. neoformans. more than 85% of the isolates from argentina, canada, the united kingdom, and the united states (except southern california) were of c ... | 1984 | 6377880 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in fecal matter of birds kept in cages--control of cr. neoformans habitats. | the occurrence of cryptococcosis in predamaged persons in whom the fecal matter of caged birds had been suspected as the source of infection has led to the present investigation. in the excreta of only four out of a total of 142 bird species kept by the berlin zoological gardens, cryptococcus neoformans could be demonstrated with the aid of guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar: twany frogmouth (podargus strigoides, g. eulenschwalm); palm cockatoo (probosciger aterrimus, g. arakakadu); military ma ... | 1984 | 6377755 |
| campylobacter fetus ssp fetus cholecystitis and relapsing bacteremia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | acute gangrenous cholecystitis and relapsing bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus ssp fetus occurred in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. biliary tract colonization probably accounted in part for this unusual phenomenon. whether the patient's deficiency of cell-mediated immunity contributed to his disease is not known. | 1984 | 6377511 |
| a microautomated dilution method for susceptibility testing with antifungal drugs. | the authors perfected, for standardization purposes, a microautomated system (dynatech mic 2000 inoculator) to obtain the accurate quantitative results, i.e., determination of minimum inhibitory (mic) and fungicidal (mfc) concentrations, avoiding the work and time consuming procedure of the classic broth dilution method in tubes. the spectrum of activity of seven antifungal antibiotics against 204 yeast isolates of six different species, in two different media comparatively, is described. | 1984 | 6377080 |
| effects of diethylstilbestrol and cyclophosphamide on the pathogenesis of experimental cryptococcus neoformans infections. | treatment of mice with a single dose of cyclophosphamide 24 h before challenge with cryptococcus neoformans increased host survival, whereas treatment with 10 daily exposures of cyclophosphamide, starting 2 days before challenge, markedly reduced survival in mice challenged on the second day of drug treatment. treatment with 14 daily exposures of diethylstilbestrol before challenge with c. neoformans did not markedly affect host survival. a correlation was sought between the distribution of radi ... | 1984 | 6374933 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: in vivo protection of mice by pretreatment with pyran copolymer. | synthetic polyanions have been shown to alter host resistance to infection. the anticryptococcal effect of pyran copolymer was assessed in vivo and in vitro. pretreatment with pyran copolymer significantly extended mean survival in mice lethally infected with cryptococcus neoformans when compared to untreated animals (p less than 0.01). the anticryptococcal effect of peritoneal exudate cells (pec) elicited by 10% thioglycollate or pyran copolymer (25 mg/kg) was assessed in vitro. initial percent ... | 1984 | 6374462 |
| role of serum factors in the phagocytosis of weakly or heavily encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans strains by guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes. | we investigated the opsonic activity of the serum factors affecting phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans in vitro to elucidate the role of humoral factors in the host defense mechanisms against cryptococcosis. two strains of c. neoformans, one heavily and one weakly encapsulated, were used. guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) were used for phagocytosis. the viable weakly encapsulated cells were ingested effectively by pbls, in the presence of guinea pig normal fresh serum, while the ... | 1984 | 6374392 |
| benign cryptococcaemia. | the most familiar clinical presentation of cryptococcal disease is subacute lymphocytic meningitis, generally in immunocompromised patients. isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from the bloodstream has been regarded as a grave prognostic sign, but we have recently seen a patient with cryptococcaemia which had an unusually benign course. | 1984 | 6373951 |
| in vitro human lymphocyte responses to cryptococcus neoformans. evidence for primary and secondary responses in normals and infected subjects. | cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis and disseminated infection in healthy individuals, but more commonly in hosts with defective immune responses. to study the role of immune lymphocytes in protection and recovery from this infection, in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to whole killed organisms were characterized in normal controls and in patients with cryptococcosis. several differences were found between these two groups. all normal individuals were found to have significant pro ... | 1984 | 6373927 |
| esophageal cryptococcosis in a patient with the hyperimmunoglobulin e-recurrent infection (job's) syndrome. | patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin e-recurrent infection (job's) syndrome, which is characterized by an elevated immunoglobulin e level, recurrent staphylococcal infections, and an abnormality of neutrophil chemotaxis, have been reported to have visceral candida infections in addition to their more frequent pyogenic infections. we report a patient with job's syndrome who presented with massive hematemesis secondary to esophageal cryptococcosis. a thorough evaluation for an occult neoplasm or ... | 1984 | 6373479 |
| [diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infections of bacterial, fungal and viral origin in immunocompromised patients]. | infections in immunocompromised patients are mostly caused by potentially pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, fungi and viruses. the predominant agents of bacterial infections are enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococci. several randomized studies have shown that the incidence of infections caused by these bacteria can significantly be reduced by means of antimicrobial decontamination. in case of suspected or proven bacterial infections immediate empirical antibiotic therapy is man ... | 1984 | 6371640 |
| strain differentiation of pathogenic yeasts by the killer system. | high sensitivity rates to the activity of killer toxins produced by 25 species of yeasts belonging to the genera candida, hansenula, pichia, rhodotorula, saccharomyces and trichosporon have been observed among 112 yeast isolates (25 cryptococcus neoformans, 29 c. glabrata 16 c. parapsilosis, 20 c. pseudotropicalis and 22 c. tropicalis). the highest sensitivity has been observed among the c. parapsilosis isolates, the lowest in c. glabrata strains. genera pichia and hansenula proved to have the g ... | 1984 | 6371541 |
| biochemical variation of cryptococcus neoformans. | ninety-seven strains of cryptococcus neoformans and c. bacillisporus were examined for 44 biochemical characters and the results were analyzed numerically. one phenon emerged at the 86% level of similarity when strains were clustered according to their m-similarity values. all strains grew in ten carbon sources (d-glucose, d-galactose, arbutin, maltose, sucrose, d-melezitose, d-xylose, d-mannitol, d-glucitol, and meso-inositol), and also grew at 37 degrees c and produced urease and phenoloxidase ... | 1984 | 6371540 |
| cryptococcal infection of the temporal bone. | cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like organism which, after inhalation, may cause pulmonary disease or a systemic fungemia associated with numerous extrapulmonary sites of infection, but most notably affecting the central nervous system. despite this frequent involvement of the leptomeninges, only three cases of infection of the temporal bones have been previously described. we describe an additional case with comments on the possible significance of infection of this site. | 1983 | 6370568 |
| [fatal cryptococcosis in a bird fancier. a clinical case report on pathology, diagnosis and epidemiology of cryptococcosis]. | in a 69 year-old female patient who had been a pet bird enthusiast, cryptococcosis of the central nervous system was surprisingly established as cause of death at postmortem. clinically, a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver associated with atypical coma hepaticum had been suspected. apart from damage due to alcohol abuse, no other underlying disease could be found. the fecal matter of a budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus) has been suggested as the probable source of infection. using guizotia a ... | 1983 | 6369834 |
| cryptococcal meningitis for 15 years. | 1984 | 6368754 | |
| fractionation and characterization of galactoxylomannan from cryptococcus neoformans. | 1984 | 6367980 | |
| opportunistic fungal infections in patients with neoplastic disease. | opportunistic infections with yeast and molds are increasingly common in patients with neoplastic diseases. candida species, aspergillus species, phycomyces, and cryptococcus neoformans remain most common, but other organisms are being encountered as pathogens. with the exception of cryptococcus, most opportunistic fungal infections are difficult to diagnose. new diagnostic tests for these diseases are being evaluated. amphotericin b remains the antifungal agent of choice. in certain patients, t ... | 1984 | 6367457 |
| [isolation of cryptococcus and c. neoformans in bird feces]. | 1983 | 6367004 | |
| binding of cryptococcal polysaccharide to cryptococcus neoformans. | radioiodinated cryptococcal polysaccharide was used to study binding of the soluble polysaccharide to encapsulated and non-encapsulated cryptoccoci. binding of polysaccharide to non-encapsulated cryptococci occurred rapidly over a 30-min period and was largely complete after 2 h. bound, labeled polysaccharide was slowly eluted from cryptococcus neoformans after the addition of unlabeled polysaccharide, indicating reversibility of binding. non-encapsulated cryptococci bound polysaccharide in two ... | 1984 | 6365785 |
| role of hyaluronidase in in vitro phagocytosis of encapsulated yeasts of cryptococcus neoformans. | 1983 | 6365748 | |
| cryptococcal mastitis in dairy animals. | 1983 | 6363921 | |
| occurrence and etiologic significance of cryptococcus neoformans in a cutaneous lesion of a cat. | 1983 | 6363919 | |
| localization on encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans of serum components opsonic for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. | previous studies have shown that the cryptococcal capsule inhibits phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages and neutrophils. in this study, the binding sites of potential serum opsonins in immune and nonimmune sera were determined by immunoelectron microscopy, and the results were compared with the results of phagocytosis of the yeasts by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human neutrophils. immunoglobulin g (igg) from normal human serum showed low-density binding at the capsular sur ... | 1984 | 6363293 |
| disseminated cryptococcosis in a macaw. | 1983 | 6358167 | |
| recombinational mapping of capsule mutations in cryptococcus neoformans. | seven capsule-negative mutants of cryptococcus neoformans were isolated. all mutations were linked (maximum map distance, 38 u); two mutations were found to be allelic. | 1983 | 6352689 |
| infections with organisms deficient in capsules and cell walls. | 1983 | 6352666 | |
| capsule deficient cryptococcus neoformans an unusual clinical presentation. | 1983 | 6352665 | |
| polyoxin d inhibits growth of zoopathogenic fungi. | we demonstrated that polyoxin d at millimolar concentrations caused marked morphological alterations of the human pathogens candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. c. albicans incubated in the presence of this drug grew in long chains that were severely swollen. polyoxin d inhibited the growth of c. neoformans and killed cells of both the yeast and the hyphal phase of c. albicans. these observations give the first evidence that polyoxin antibiotics can kill zoopathogenic fungi. | 1983 | 6351734 |
| experimental cryptococcosis in guinea pigs. | a guinea pig model was used to evaluate immune response to cryptococcus neoformans. this model shared characteristics with cryptococcosis in humans. twenty five guinea pigs injected intraperitoneally with 10(7) viable c. neoformans cells developed disseminated disease. forty days after infection all guinea pigs were killed and autopsy performed. c. neoformans growth in the lungs, brains, livers and spleen of the infected animals were determined. furthermore, the immune response was characterized ... | 1983 | 6350885 |
| effect of formalin on the survival of systemic fungi in tissue. | stock cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum and sporothrix schenckii were grown in yeast phase on sabouraud dextrose agar. standardized suspensions (10(8) colony forming units/ml) were made and 1. the organisms treated for various times with 10% formalin/acetate buffer; 2. aliquots injected into the tail veins of swiss-webster mice. minimal fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations of formalin were also determined. five minutes or ... | 1983 | 6350884 |
| antibody-dependent leukocyte killing of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, yeast-like fungus which is pathogenic for man. the role of various facets of the immune response which prevent disseminated disease in most normal hosts is unclear. a chromium-release assay was developed using radiolabeled cryptococci to reexamine antibody-dependent cell-mediated killing of this fungus. for a small capsule strain this assay served as a qualitative measure of effector cell function and was correlated with an assay of lethal injury to th ... | 1983 | 6350455 |
| the course of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigenemia/human cryptococcal polysaccharide elimination kinetics. | the detection of cryptococcal polysaccharides in the serum is diagnostic of cryptococcosis in the absence of rheumatoid factor. the significance of the continued detection of this antigen in the serum during antifungal therapy is not known. prolonged antigenemia might indicate ongoing active infection, delayed clearance of the polysaccharides from the blood, or continued release of the polysaccharide antigens from a reservoir of nonviable organisms. in seven cases the cryptococcosis with prolong ... | 1983 | 6350190 |
| detection of fungi in cerebrospinal fluid. | with the exception of cryptococcus neoformans, fungi are rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients having or suspected of having fungal meningitis. a review of the literature reveals that several fungi have been either isolated, observed, or both in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. these fungi include acremonium species, aspergillus amstelodami, a. flavus, a. fumigatus, a. oryzae, a. terreus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. viswanathii, coccidioide ... | 1983 | 6349340 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans and other yeasts from pigeon droppings in egypt. | two hundred pigeon droppings, unmixed with soil, and collected from various provinces in lower egypt (delta) were cultured to detect yeasts. yeasts were isolated from 53.5% of the samples; cryptococcus neoformans was recovered from 30 samples and candida albicans from 19 samples. other cryptococcus and candida species as well as species of torulopsis and rhodotorula were also encountered. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on 13 occasions. | 1983 | 6348978 |
| immunization of mice with stable, acapsular, yeast-like mutants of cryptococcus neoformans. | immune responses, including lymphocyte transformation and protection, were evaluated in a new model of experimental murine cryptococcosis. newly developed, genetically stable, acapsular mutants of cryptococcus neoformans were used to immunize c3h/hen mice. intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes of immunization without adjuvant were studied. spleen cells and pooled popliteal and inguinal lymph node cells responded significantly to heat-killed, whole-cell c. neoformans antigen but not to candida ... | 1983 | 6348975 |
| [cryptococcal meningitis, herpes genitalis and oral candidiasis in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency]. | 1983 | 6343897 | |
| pathogenicity of the hyphae of filobasidiella neoformans. | the pathogenicity of the purified hyphae of filobasidiella neoformans was determined. the hyphal particles were inoculated into white swiss female mice via the intracranial and intravenous route. upon autopsy, infection was seen with as few as 25 hyphal elements. the brain, liver, and spleen were examined culturally and the brain examined histologically to prove the pathogenicity of the purified hyphae. | 1983 | 6343881 |
| cellular immunity in a cutaneous model of cryptococcosis. | the temporal development of cellular immune responses in mice inoculated cutaneously with viable cryptococcus neoformans 145 was determined in vivo and in vitro by comparing several antigen preparations for their efficacy in the assays selected. three antigens derived from c. neoformans 145, viz., a culture filtrate preparation (cnef-145), a membrane extract (b-hex), and soluble cytoplasmic substances (scs), were compared for their ability to detect delayed hypersensitivity (dh) in vivo in a foo ... | 1983 | 6343238 |
| pulmonary cryptococcosis in the rat. | we evaluated a rat model of pulmonary cryptococcosis. rats immunized subcutaneously with cryptococcal antigen developed peritoneal but not pulmonary macrophage migration inhibition factor (mif) to cryptococcal cell extract antigens. they did not develop mif to capsular polysaccharide antigens. conversely, when rats were immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed cryptococcus neoformans, migration inhibition factor was detected in alveolar but not in peritoneal macrophages. finally, rats given via ... | 1983 | 6342482 |
| mating types and serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans isolated in japan. | thirty-two isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from patients and one from the wild obtained in japan were characterized for their serotype, self-fertility, and mating behaviour by crossing them with two mating types of filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans and f. neoformans var. bacillispora. of the 32 isolates from patients, 31 were of serotype a and the remaining one was of serotype d. although these 32 isolates were all self-sterile, 23 serotype a and one serotype d isolates produced a co ... | 1983 | 6342176 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application to the serological diagnosis of fungal infection. | 1983 | 6342173 | |
| dissociation of a hydrophobic surface from phagocytosis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is surrounded by a capsular polysaccharide that inhibits phagocytosis of the yeast by macrophages. this capsular polysaccharide also confers several physicochemical properties to the cell surface, including a negative surface charge and a hydrophilic surface. the present study was designed to determine whether a hydrophobic surface was necessary or sufficient for phagocytosis of c. neoformans cells. the hydrophobic nature of the cell surface was measured by hydrophobic in ... | 1983 | 6341232 |
| retrospective comparison of three blood culture media for the recovery of yeasts from clinical specimens. | in a retrospective fashion, two different blood culture bottles with biphasic brain heat infusion media, one permanently and the other transiently vented, were compared to a transiently vented tryptic soy broth blood culture bottle for the recovery of yeasts from blood. a total of 95 isolates of candida species and 19 isolates of cryptococcus neoformans were recovered, of which 95% were from the permanently vented biphasic medium bottle incubated at 30 degrees c, 57% were from the transiently ve ... | 1983 | 6341046 |
| fungal meningitis manifesting as hydrocephalus. | four patients with fungal meningitis and hydrocephalus were treated by placement of intraventricular shunts prior to the diagnosis of infection. as a consequence, they were subjected to the risks of surgery as well as to shunt suprainfection. we suggest that chronic meningitis be ruled out in all patients prior to placement of shunts. preoperative evaluation should include the examination of cisternal or ventricular csf when a lumbar csf specimen is nondiagnositc. when fungal meningitis is prese ... | 1983 | 6340624 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from a case of mastitis in a buffalo (bubalus bubalis). | 1983 | 6338653 | |
| cryptococcemia. | previous reports have emphasized that cryptococcemia is almost uniformly fatal. to define the clinical course and prognostic and therapeutic implications of cryptococcemia, we studied 15 patients treated at this medical center over the past 7 years. cryptococcemia was strongly associated with corticosteroid therapy, especially when the dosage had recently been increased. meningitis was common (but not invariably present) in these patients, characteristically with a large burden of organisms in t ... | 1983 | 6338344 |
| immune enhancement in mice by ara-a. | ara-a in single, apparently nontoxic doses stimulates murine immune responses to several well-defined antigens. both humoral and cell-mediated responses are enhanced by ara-a, but not all mouse strains respond equally well. in certain mouse strains, ara-a also promotes increased (or decreased) survival during experimental infection with cryptococcus neoformans, suggesting that clinically significant effects on host resistance may result from the use of ara-a as an antiviral therapeutic agent. th ... | 1983 | 6336771 |
| effect of cyclophosphamide on rats experimentally infected with cryptococcus neoformans. | this study was undertaken to establish the function of t-lymphocytes in protective immunity against a cryptococcal infection in animals treated with cyclophosphamide (cy) pre or post infection and to determine how they relate to the progression of the disease. inbred suquia rats were infected either intranasally (i.n.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10(5) viable cryptococcus neoformans cells. the infected rats were divided in three groups. one of the groups (group i) was utilized as a control. ... | 1984 | 6335569 |
| in vitro antifungal activities of bay n 7133 and bay l 9139, two new orally absorbed antifungal imidazole derivatives, against pathogenic yeasts. | bay n 7133 and bay l 9139 (bayer ag, wuppertal, fed. rep. germany) are new, orally absorbable, antifungal imidazole derivatives. in vitro, bay n 7133 was comparable to ketoconazole and miconazole when tested against isolates of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. bay l 9139 also was active against these organisms but to a lesser degree than the other imidazoles. ly 121019, an analog of echinocandin b, was also tested. it proved to be the most active antimycotic against c. albicans but ... | 1984 | 6330557 |
| antimycotic azoles. 7. synthesis and antifungal properties of a series of novel triazol-3-ones. | a series of novel triazol-3-ones have been synthesized, and their in vitro and in vivo antifungal properties are reported. compound 68 (itraconazole), which displays a pronounced oral activity against vaginal candidosis in rats and against microsporosis in guinea pigs, has been selected for clinical evaluation. | 1984 | 6330360 |
| antimycotic activity of bay n 7133 in animal experiments. | the triazole derivative bay n 7133 has been tested for its antimycotic efficacy on oral administration in vivo and compared with ketoconazole in mice infected with candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans and in guinea pig trichophytosis. on starting administration at the same time as infection and using daily doses between 25 and 100 mg/kg, the agent protected the mice in all experimental models, even mouse aspergillosis for which ketoconazole was not adequately effec ... | 1984 | 6330018 |
| combination of oral flucytosine and ketoconazole as therapy for experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | current therapy for cryptococcal meningitis often is ineffective, toxic, and inconvenient. ketoconazole has been shown to penetrate into brain tissue of mice and cerebrospinal fluid of humans and to improve the course of human coccidioidal meningitis. ketoconazole, flucytosine, and amphotericin b, alone and in two-drug combinations, were used to treat cryptococcal meningitis in mice injected intracranially with cryptococcus neoformans. mortality was assessed, and numbers of cryptococci in brain ... | 1984 | 6327836 |
| opportunistic infection complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clinical features of 25 cases. | twenty-five cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) complicated by opportunistic infections were diagnosed at lenox hill hospital during an 18 month period and followed for at least 1 year or until the patients' deaths. twenty-three patients were homosexual men, including 1 i.v. drug user, and 2 were heterosexual i.v. drug users, including the sole woman. seventy infections were diagnosed. the commonest etiologic agents included candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus ... | 1984 | 6325849 |
| immunotoxic effects of diethylstilbestrol on host resistance: comparison with cyclophosphamide. | to evaluate the usefulness of host resistance assays for measurement of immunotoxicologic effects of chemicals, the immunosuppressive effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (des) were compared with the effects of treatment with the known immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (cps). a panel of six host resistance models was evaluated, including infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and encephalomyocarditis virus (emc), the yeast cryptococcu ... | 1984 | 6323603 |
| in-vitro studies with four new antifungal agents: bay n 7133, bifonazole (bay h 4502), ici 153,066 and ro 14-4767/002. | four new antifungal agents were compared in vitro with miconazole and ketoconazole. the agents were bay n 7133 and ici 153,066, two orally active triazoles, and bifonazole (bay h 4502) and ro 14-4767/002, both topical agents. while all four were found to be broad spectrum antifungal agents they also demonstrated certain gaps in their spectra. in general, ro 14-4767/002 was the most active agent tested whereas bifonazole and bay n 7133 were the least active. noteworthy activities included that of ... | 1984 | 6322364 |
| effect of ketoconazole and amphotericin b on encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains of cryptococcus neoformans. | growth inhibition studies were done on an encapsulated and non-encapsulated strain of cryptococcus neoformans at the minimal inhibitory concentration and one-half the minimal inhibitory concentration of ketoconazole and amphotericin b alone and in combination. growth of both strains was significantly inhibited by ketoconazole, amphotericin b, and the combined drugs at the minimal inhibitory concentration of each drug over a 5-day period. calculation of the expected inhibition of growth for both ... | 1983 | 6318662 |
| comparative activities of bay n7133, ici 153,066, and ketoconazole in murine cryptococcosis. | two new antifungal triazoles, bay n7133 and ici 153,066, were compared with ketoconazole in treatment of mice challenged intraperitoneally with cryptococcus neoformans. at high challenge doses, thymus-containing normal mice had prolonged survival after treatment with bay n7133. athymic mice, which have severely deficient cell-mediated immunity, were not protected. at low challenge doses, athymic mice also had prolonged survival. although bay n7133 was protective, it was less effective than eithe ... | 1983 | 6318660 |
| contribution to the study of the enzymatic profiles of yeast organisms with medical interest. | the enzymatic profiles of several yeastlike organisms were studied using 19 substrates included in the api zym system. the isolates evaluated were: 186 candida albicans, 19 c. stellatoidea, 4 c. tropicalis, 2 c. parapsilosis, 2 c. pseudotropicalis, 1 c. guilliermondii, 3 c. krusei, 11 torulopsis (candida) glabrata, 1 cryptococcus neoformans, 2 saccharomyces carlsbergensis, 1 rhodotorula rubra, and 1 r. mucilaginosa. esterase lipase (c8), leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, and phosphoamidase ... | 1983 | 6310400 |
| combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in mice. | combination pairs of the major systematic antimycotic drugs, amphotericin b (amphb), 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) and ketoconazole (ktz) were administered to mice with experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis at a variety of combination ratios. the 3 mycoses were produced with 3 strains each of candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus fumigatus, respectively, which were preselected to represent 3 different degrees of 5-fc sensitivity ('normally sensitive', 'moderat ... | 1982 | 6297858 |
| interactions among amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, and miconazole against pathogenic fungi in vitro. | interactions among amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, and micoconazole were tested for all possible paired and triple drug combinations and all four drugs combined against three isolates of candida albicans, three candida spp., two isolates of cryptococcus neoformans, and three isolates aspergillus fumigatus. an assay for inhibitory activity was developed in which growth in the presence of an antifungal agent was expressed as a percentage of the growth in drug-free cultures. for nea ... | 1982 | 6295266 |
| treatment of mycoses in cancer patients. | invasive fungal infections are becoming increasingly frequent among immunocompromised patients and especially among cancer patients. the most common pathogens identified are candida species, aspergillus species, cryptococcus neoformans, and mucor species. amphotericin b remains the mainstay of antifungal therapy. however, the toxicity of this drug may limit its use and, in addition, both failures and relapses have been reported. 5-fluorocytosine and imidazoles, such as miconazole and ketoconazol ... | 1983 | 6295156 |
| treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, and ketoconazole. | ketoconazole, amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, and combinations of these drugs were compared as therapy for chronic cryptococcal meningitis in steroid-treated rabbits. two hours after treatment of rabbits with meningitis with single drugs the mean cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 5-fluorocytosine was 4.4 microgram/ml, that of amphotericin b was less than 0.3 microgram/ml, and that of ketoconazole ranged from less than 0.2 to 0.8 microgram/ml. serial quantitative cultures indicated that amph ... | 1982 | 6286799 |
| opportunistic infections and immune deficiency in homosexual men. | a syndrome of opportunistic infections and acquired immune deficiency occurred among four previously healthy homosexual men. fever, leukopenia, and diminished delayed hypersensitivity were accompanied by various degrees of proctitis, perianal ulcerations, and lymphadenopathy. the infectious agents included pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus. the immune deficiency was characterized as a persistent and profound selective decre ... | 1982 | 6283974 |
| ketoconazole therapy of murine cryptococcal meningitis. | currently, even optimal therapy of cryptococcal meningitis is associated with appreciable mortality, drug toxicity, and prolonged hospitalization. ketoconazole, a new oral imidazole, has therefore been evaluated in a murine model of cryptococcosis. cryptococcal meningitis was induced in balb/c mice by intracranial injection of cryptococcus neoformans. the mice developed infection characterized by diffuse meningitis and extracerebral dissemination. oral ketoconazole therapy prolonged survival of ... | 1982 | 6283969 |
| failure of ketoconazole in cryptococcal meningitis. | 1982 | 6283185 | |
| role of macrophages in resistance of mice to experimental cryptococcosis. | mice with either a stimulated or depressed reticuloendothelial system were used to study the role of macrophages in resistance to experimental cryptococcus neoformans infection. silica, administered intravenously to destroy macrophages, considerably decreased the phagocytic index of the reticuloendothelial system as determined by a carbon clearance test. silica given 1 day before intravenous challenge with 5 x 10(3) (1 50% lethal dose) of c. neoformans markedly decreased the resistance of mice t ... | 1981 | 6265377 |
| combination therapy of experimental histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis with amphotericin b and ketoconazole. | combinations of amphotericin b and ketoconazole had an additive effect in vitro against histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans; ketoconazole combined with flucytosine exerted an indifferent effect against c. neoformans. in vivo studies in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates demonstrated that treatment with the ketoconazole-amphotericin b combination resulted in longer survival of mice with cryptococcosis than did treatment with ketoconazole plus flucyt ... | 1980 | 6255531 |
| isolation, cultivation and identification of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeons. | 1984 | 6242668 | |
| non-specific immunosuppression by cryptococcus neoformans infection. | cryptococcus neoformans-infected animals were found to be immunosuppressed when tested by a variety of assays for immune competence. primary humoral immune responses and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to sheep erythrocytes were suppressed in animals which had been infected for two weeks. lymphocyte proliferation (lp) assays to srbc stroma were also significantly diminished at two weeks of infection. spleen cells of infected mice suppressed the lp response of srbc immunized, normal mice ... | 1984 | 6234468 |
| cryptococcal meningitis. an atypical presentation. | a previously healthy 23-year-old white female presented with a history of horizontal diplopia prior to any other symptoms. physical examination revealed bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsies, papilledema, right horner's syndrome, and right hemiparesis. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. this is the first documented case of horner's syndrome associated with cryptococcal meningitis. | 1982 | 6226684 |
| regulation of cell-mediated immunity in cryptococcosis. ii. characterization of first-order t suppressor cells (ts1) and induction of second-order suppressor cells. | cryptococcosis patients frequently have high levels of cryptococcal antigen in their body fluids, and the levels of circulating antigen can generally be used to predict the patient's recovery, with high or rising antigen titers indicating a poor prognosis and low or decreasing levels a good prognosis. in a previous study, we reported on a murine model for studying the effects of cryptococcal antigen on host defense mechanisms. in that work, we demonstrated that an i.v. injection of cryptococcal ... | 1983 | 6222119 |
| suppression of responses to cryptococcal antigen in murine cryptococcosis. | subpopulations of spleen cells responsible for responsiveness and unresponsiveness to cryptococcal antigen in vitro were identified. lymphocytes which responded in lymphocyte transformation (lt) assays were nylon wool nonadherent and theta antigen positive. these lymphocytes required the presence of an accessory cell which could be supplied by normal peritoneal exudate cells. spleen cells taken from mice which had been infected for 3 to 15 days were tested to determine their ability to respond t ... | 1982 | 6219291 |
| acquired immune deficiency in haitians: opportunistic infections in previously healthy haitian immigrants. | we describe acquired immune deficiency manifested by opportunistic infections in 10 previously healthy heterosexual haitian men. the opportunistic pathogens included toxoplasma gondii (in four patients), cryptococcus neoformans (in one), pneumocystis carinii (in four patients), and candida albicans (in three). six of the patients also had mycobacterium tuberculosis. immunologic studies of three patients showed a decrease in the numbers and activity of helper t cells, with normal or increased pop ... | 1983 | 6217423 |
| cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide-induced modulation of murine immune responses. | cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, often causes serious and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts as well as in normal individuals. in the present study, purified cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was examined for its effect on several parameters of immune response and its ability to induce immune response to itself. injection of the antigen into mice resulted in a dose-related specific antibody response which was detected at the individual ant ... | 1982 | 6210638 |
| capsular polysaccharides of cryptococcus neoformans. | polysaccharides of cryptococcus neoformans are considered to have a role in the virulence of this encapsulated fungus. the structure has been determined for the most abundant polysaccharide, a glucuronoxylomannan of varying xylose and ester content. the structural complexity of the capsular material increases from serotype d to a to b to c, but even for the simplest capsule (type d), the immunodeterminants seem to occur only on the side chains. the interactions of some of these groups with antib ... | 1984 | 6209768 |
| high prevalence of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in tropical and subtropical regions. | the global distribution of 96 clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii among a total of 725 c. neoformans isolates was investigated. while c. neoformans var. gattii was not found among isolates obtained from europe (excluding the united kingdom) and japan; and it was found only infrequently in north america (excluding southern california), the united kingdom, new zealand, and argentina; the variety was prevalent in regions with tropical to subtropical climates such as south east ... | 1984 | 6207684 |
| morphologic and immunohistologic study of pyelonephritis in rats by various bacteria and fungi. special reference to inflammatory changes and localization of antigen. | experimental pyelonephritis induced in rats by a single intrarenal injection of pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans was studied pathologically and immunohistologically. the lesions which develop following intrarenal inoculation were similar to those seen during the course of pyelonephritis in man. localization of the whole bacteria and the amorphous bacterial antigens and the whole fungi and the amorphous fungal antigens in the inflammatory ... | 1984 | 6205283 |
| comparison of the sensitivity of three methods for the rapid identification of cryptococcus neoformans. | the sensitivity of three methods for the rapid identification of cryptococcus neoformans was compared. these were: direct microscopy of india ink preparations, acridine orange staining followed by fluorescence microscopy and detection of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen by latex agglutination. the overall limit of detection was 3.5 +/- 5.4 x 10(3) cfu/ml (mean +/- sd, n = 27). when different strains were studied, no single method was consistently superior. false positive results were ... | 1984 | 6199376 |
| fluorescence of fungi--not autofluorescence. | 1984 | 6197874 | |
| staining of phagocytized cryptococcus neoformans with dapi. | the dapi (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-fluorochrome was used to demonstrate phagocytized cryptococcus neoformans using the mouse peritoneal cavity technique. these yeast cells were chosen because they are large and their capsules exhibit a deep yellow fluorescence which contrasts very well with the blue fluorescent nuclei of the phagocytes (preferentially macrophages). in other words, dapi stains both, acid mucopolysaccharides and nuclear dna. the capacity of the phagocyte nuclei to surround o ... | 1983 | 6195510 |
| anticryptococcal type d antibodies raised in rabbits. | antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans type d have been raised in rabbits. the partially purified antibody pool was fractionated by affinity-chromatography, and it was shown that antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of type d were present in the pool. neither methyl alpha-d-mannopyranoside, nor d-mannose were inhibitors of the binding of type d polysaccharide to the antibody-pool. thus it appears that the serum contains antibody populations which are specific for terminal side-chain carbohyd ... | 1983 | 6191205 |
| new diagnostic methods in medical mycology. | 1982 | 6190218 | |
| relationship of progesterone- and estradiol-binding proteins in coccidioides immitis to coccidioidal dissemination in pregnancy. | pregnancy is a major risk factor for coccidioidal dissemination. because rates of coccidioides immitis growth and endospore release are stimulated in vitro by levels of unbound progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol that are achievable, in vivo, in the sera of pregnant women (i.e., 10(-9) to 10(-8) m), a specific-hormone-binding system in c. immitis was sought. fungal cytosols were incubated with tritiated steroids plus or minus radioinert steroids to identify specific binding systems. all five stra ... | 1983 | 6188699 |
| cryptococcal endophthalmitis: diagnostic vitreous aspiration cytology. | a case of cryptococcal endophthalmitis diagnosed by vitreous aspiration membrane filtration cytology is presented. interest lies in its being the first such diagnosis reported by vitreous aspiration. this case also illustrates the usefulness of combining membrane filtration cytology with the mucicarmine stain for identification of the cryptococcal capsular mucin. | 1983 | 6187208 |
| diagnosis of cryptococcosis: comparison of various methods to detect cryptococcus neoformans. | 1983 | 6186913 | |
| acid-fastness of fungi in blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. | in 60% of the infections caused by blastomyces dermatitidis and in 47% of the infections caused by histoplasma capsulatum, some of the organisms are acid-fast in tissue sections. treatment with 1n hydrochloric acid at 60 degrees c abolishes the acid-fastness of h capsulatum, which indicates that the acid-fastness may be related to mycolic acid. organisms of b dermatitidis, however, remain acid-fast in 83% of the sections treated with acid. the presence of acid-fastness in small cells can aid in ... | 1982 | 6180697 |
| antigenic characterization of cryptococcus neoformans serotypes and its application to serotyping of clinical isolates. | antigenic analysis of the four serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans was carried out by slide agglutination with reciprocal adsorption methods. with this procedure the antigenic patterns of the serotypes were established. serotypes a and d had antigenic factors 1, 2, 3, 7 and 1, 2, 3, 8, respectively. serotypes b and c were found to have antigenic factors 1, 2, 4, 5 and 1, 4, 6, respectively. factor sera, prepared according to the antigenic patterns demonstrated by adsorption studies, proved to b ... | 1982 | 6179964 |