Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| advanced backcross qtl analysis in progenies derived from a cross between a german elite winter wheat variety and a synthetic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report here the second advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (ab-qtl) analysis carried out in winter wheat. seven agronomic traits were studied in a bc2f1 population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat variety flair and the synthetic wheat line xx86 developed in japan. we selected 111 bc2f1 lines and genotyped these with 197 microsatellite markers. field data for seven agronomic traits were collected from corresponding bc2f3 families that were grown at up to six locatio ... | 2004 | 15243706 |
| sequence polymorphism in polyploid wheat and their d-genome diploid ancestor. | sequencing was used to investigate the origin of the d genome of the allopolyploid species triticum aestivum and aegilops cylindrica. a 247-bp region of the wheat d-genome xwye838 locus, encoding adp-glucopyrophosphorylase, and a 326-bp region of the wheat d-genome gss locus, encoding granule-bound starch synthase, were sequenced in a total 564 lines of hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum, genome aabbdd) involving all its subspecies and 203 lines of aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat d ... | 2004 | 15238542 |
| activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in wheat grains subjected to water deficit during grain filling. | this study tested the hypothesis that a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum) could accelerate grain-filling rate through regulating the key enzymes involved in suc-to-starch pathway in the grains. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were field grown. well-watered and water-deficit (wd) treatments were imposed from 9 dpa until maturity. the wd promoted the reallocation of prefixed 14c from the stems to grains, shortened the grain-filling period, and in ... | 2004 | 15235118 |
| uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions of heavy metals in wheat. | heavy metals seriously threaten the health of human beings when they enter the food chain. therefore, policymakers require precise predictions of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural crops. in this paper we quantify the uncertainty of regression predictions of cd and pb in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the contributions to the uncertainties in these predictions associated with inputs to the regression model. for each node of the 500- x 500-m grid covering the arable soils in the netherl ... | 2004 | 15224924 |
| reduced biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil containing wheat-residue-derived ash. | burning of crop residues is a common agricultural practice that incorporates the resulting particulate matter (ash) of high adsorptivity into soils. to investigate the effect of ash on the biodegradation of pesticides in soils, we measured the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of benzonitrile in a silt loam in the presence and absence of an ash resulting from burning of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue. biodegradation experiments were conducted by inoculating sorbent slurries with a p ... | 2004 | 15224922 |
| proteomic characterization of herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii seedlings. | proteomic methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, as well as immunoblotting, were used to identify herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii, a diploid wheat containing the d genome also found in the cultivated, hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. the herbicide safener fluxofenim dramatically increased protein abundance in the molecular weight (m(r)) range of 24 to 30 kda, as well as a few higher m(r) ... | 2004 | 15221767 |
| aneuploid analyses of three chlorophyll abnormalities in emmer wheat. | of the various chlorophyll abnormalities that occur in polyploid wheats, genetic bases of only two types, chlorina and virescence, are known. here, for the first time, the chromosomal bases of three other chlorophyll abnormalities, striato-virescence, delayed virescence, and albino, which occur in emmer wheat (2n = 4x = 28, genome constitution aabb) are reported. a set of disomic substitution lines of langdon durum was used for chromosome identification. all three abnormalities are controlled by ... | 2004 | 15215675 |
| impact of inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in wheat flour breadmaking. | a bacillus subtilis endoxylanase (xbs(i)) sensitive to inhibition by triticum aestivum l. endoxylanase inhibitor (taxi) and a mutant thereof (xbs(ni)), uninhibited by taxi, were used in straight-dough breadmaking to assess the importance of endoxylanase inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in the process. with two european wheat flours, the loaf volume improving effect of xbs(ni) at much lower enzyme dosages was substantially larger than that brought about by xbs(i). this coincid ... | 2004 | 15212483 |
| antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging. | seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees c and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. the effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. a progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, wa ... | 2004 | 15212480 |
| gluten of spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures. | the enzymic hydrolysate of gluten from spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), an ancient protein-rich wheat subspecies, was subjected to repeated chromatography runs on the small pore size exclusion chromatography matrix, biogel p-2. two small peptide fractions were purified by rechromatography. the amino acid analyses carried out upon total hydrolysis of these fractions have shown a very high proportion of glutamic acid/glutamine, leucine, and methionine. the biological activity of the ... | 2004 | 15212453 |
| compared use of hplc and fzce for cluster analysis of triticum spp and for the identification of t. durum adulteration. | wheat quality criteria continually evolve in response to market pressure and consumer preference. characterization of cereal cultivars for quality and agronomic properties, have widely shown the importance of the protein content to ensure good quality products. the aim of this work is a comparison of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) and free zone capillary electrophoresis (fzce) in the identification of italian wheat cultivars and detection of durum wheat flour adu ... | 2004 | 15212451 |
| widespread paleopolyploidy in model plant species inferred from age distributions of duplicate genes. | it is often anticipated that many of today's diploid plant species are in fact paleopolyploids. given that an ancient large-scale duplication will result in an excess of relatively old duplicated genes with similar ages, we analyzed the timing of duplication of pairs of paralogous genes in 14 model plant species. using est contigs (unigenes), we identified pairs of paralogous genes in each species and used the level of synonymous nucleotide substitution to estimate the relative ages of gene dupl ... | 2004 | 15208399 |
| est derived ssr markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. | structural and functional relationships between the genomes of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) (2n=6x=42) and rice (oryza sativa l.) (2n=2x=24) were evaluated using linkage maps supplemented with simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci obtained from publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). est-ssr markers were developed using two main strategies to design primers for each gene: (1) primer design for multiple species based on supercluster analysis, and (2) species-specific primer desi ... | 2004 | 15197579 |
| a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining dapi staining with image analysis in plants. | in this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. the technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. clear multiple and adjacent dapi bands like g-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including hordeum vulgare l., oryza officinalis, wall & watt, triticum aestivum l., lilium brownii, brown, and vicia faba l. during mitotic metaphase, the nu ... | 2004 | 15197560 |
| [preliminary gene-mapping of photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | the photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterile (ptsgms) line in wheat is important for the utilization of heterosis. the wheat line, bau3338, is an excellent ptsgms material identified in the recent years. in this study, its ptsgms genes were mapped using molecular markers, ssr and issr. the result of molecular analysis showed that the two ptsgms loci were identified and designated as ptms1 and ptms2, respectively. in addition, the genetic effect analysis indicated that the locus effec ... | 2004 | 15195570 |
| photosynthetic pigment composition and photosystem ii photochemistry of wheat ears. | the characteristics of pigment composition and photosystem ii (psii) photochemistry in the flag leaf and ear parts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the field was compared. at the early stage of flowering, awns and the flag leaf showed the highest values in the maximal efficiency of psii photochemistry (fv/fm), actual psii efficiency (phi(psii)), photochemical quenching (qp), and the efficiency of excitation capture by open psii centres (fv/f'm), followed by glumes, lemmas, and paleae, re ... | 2004 | 15191742 |
| phylogeny and expression of paralogous and orthologous sulphate transporter genes in diploid and hexaploid wheats. | twelve genes encoding two closely related subtypes (st1.1a and st1.1b) of a sulphate transporter have been identified in the diploid wheats aegilops tauschii, triticum urartu, and aegilops speltoides, as well as the hexaploid triticum aestivum. based on phylogenetic comparisons with other plant sulphate transporters, the st1.1a and 1.1b subtypes aligned with group 1 of the plant sulphate transporter gene family. the exon-intron structure was conserved within the st1.1a or st1.1b genes; however, ... | 2004 | 15190370 |
| stress-induced expression in wheat of the arabidopsis thaliana dreb1a gene delays water stress symptoms under greenhouse conditions. | one of the major environmental factors limiting plant productivity is lack of water. this is especially true for the major cereals maize, rice, and wheat, which demonstrate a range of susceptibility to moisture deficit. although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection are being used to develop varieties more tolerant to water stress, these methods are time and resource consuming and germplasm dependent. genetic engineering is attractive because of its potential to improve abiotic str ... | 2004 | 15190366 |
| maintaining exponential growth, solution conductivity, and solution ph in low-ionic-strength solution culture using a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system. | studies of plant nutrient requirements in solution culture have often used nutrient concentrations many-fold higher than levels found in fertile soils, creating an artificial rooting environment that can alter patterns of nutrient acquisition. the relative addition rate (rar) technique addresses this problem by providing nutrients in exponentially increasing quantities to plant roots in solution culture. a computer-controlled rar nutrient delivery system has been developed to reduce workload and ... | 2004 | 15181105 |
| the dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor xip-i: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases. | the xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i) from wheat triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (gh10) and 11 (gh11). the crystal structures of xip-i in complex with aspergillus nidulans (gh10) and penicillium funiculosum (gh11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 a resolution, respectively. the inhibition strategy is novel because xip-i possesses two independent enzyme-binding s ... | 2004 | 15181003 |
| [localization of fibrillarin, 53 kda protein and ag-nor proteins in the nuclei of giant antipodal cells of the wheat triticum aestivum]. | distribution of nucleolar argentophylic proteins, fibrillarin and 53 kda protein, in highly polyploid nuclei of antipodal cells of triticum aestivum l. was studied at different stages of the embryo sac development. the main results are as follows. 1. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin form clusters are distributed in the giant nucleoli, whereas 53 kda protein is mainly localized on the nucleolar periphery. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin are accumulated as globular nucleolar-like particles--micronu ... | 2004 | 15174351 |
| [inheritance of stability of mn81330 common wheat samples to septoria blotch]. | wheat samples described in literature as resistant to septoria glume blotch were assessed for their response to inoculation with septoria nodorum berk. three days after inoculation with the infectious agent, samples klein titan (k-41772), mian jang (k-61568), walter (k-54585), reisler (k-59505), rempart (k-59493), pin/bow (k-62838), mn81330 (k-60785), frondoso (k-46736), sokrates (k-58179) were classified as resistant to infection. seven days after inoculation, only samples reisler and mian jang ... | 2004 | 15174291 |
| aluminum targets elongating cells by reducing cell wall extensibility in wheat roots. | phytotoxicity of aluminum is characterized by a rapid inhibition of root elongation at micromolar concentrations, however, the mechanisms primarily responsible for this response are not well understood. we investigated the effect of al on the viscosity and elasticity parameters of root cell wall by a creep-extension analysis in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) differing in al resistance. the root elongation and both viscous and elastic extensibility of cell wall of the root apices w ... | 2004 | 15169940 |
| accumulation of 1,3-beta-d-glucans, in response to aluminum and cytosolic calcium in triticum aestivum. | one of the most rapid responses to aluminum (al) stress in plants is enhanced synthesis and deposition of 1,3-beta-d-glucans (callose) in root tips. ironically, al-induced synthesis and deposition of callose occurs in vivo, despite evidence from in vitro systems that suggests that al is a powerful inhibitor of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. we set out to test the hypothesis that an al-induced increase in the activity of free calcium in the cytoplasm ([ca(2+)](cyt)) is the trigger for enhanced synth ... | 2004 | 15169936 |
| cold hardiness of wheat near-isogenic lines differing in vernalization alleles. | four major genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with the dominant alleles designated vrn-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-d1, and vrn4, are known to have large effects on the vernalization response, but the effects on cold hardiness are ambiguous. near-isogenic experimental lines (nils) in a triple dirk (td) genetic background with different vernalization alleles were evaluated for cold hardiness. although td is homozygous dominant for vrn-a1 (formerly vrn1) and vrn-b1 (formerly vrn2), four of the lines are ea ... | 2004 | 15168023 |
| structural basis for inhibition of aspergillus niger xylanase by triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i. | plants developed a diverse battery of defense mechanisms in response to continual challenges by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. their defense arsenal includes inhibitors of cell wall-degrading enzymes, which hinder a possible invasion and colonization by antagonists. the structure of triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i (taxi-i), a first member of potent taxi-type inhibitors of fungal and bacterial family 11 xylanases, has been determined to 1.7-a resolution. surprisingly, taxi- ... | 2004 | 15166216 |
| a physically anchored genetic map and linkage to avirulence reveals recombination suppression over the proximal region of hessian fly chromosome a2. | resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) to the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a major insect pest of wheat, is based on a gene-for-gene interaction. close linkage (3 +/- 2 cm) was discovered between hessian fly avirulence genes vh3 and vh5. bulked segregant analysis revealed two dna markers (28-178 and 23-201) within 10 cm of these loci and only 3 +/- 2 cm apart. however, 28-178 was located in the middle of the short arm of hessian fly chromosome a2 whereas 23-201 was located in the middle ... | 2004 | 15166159 |
| intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat cultivars to enhanced uv-b radiation under field conditions. | field studies were conducted to determine the potential for intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b, 280-315 nm) radiation. the plants were exposed to 5 kjm(-2) supplemental uv-b radiation, simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone. in wheat cultivars tested, intraspecific responses in 16 amino acid contents and total amino acid contents in grains were found. out of tested wheat cultivars, dali 905, mianyang 20, w ... | 2004 | 15157904 |
| from individual leaf elongation to whole shoot leaf area expansion: a comparison of three aegilops and two triticum species. | rapid leaf area expansion is a desirable trait in the early growth stages of cereal crops grown in low-rainfall areas. in this study, the traits associated with inherent variation in early leaf area expansion rates have been investigated in two wheat species (triticum aestivum and t. durum) and three of its wild relatives (aegilops umbellulata, a. caudata and a. tauschii) to find out whether the aegilops species have a faster leaf area expansion in their early developmental stage than some of th ... | 2004 | 15155374 |
| phenotypic mechanisms of host resistance against greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) revealed by near isogenic lines of wheat. | interactions between biotype e greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), and wheat, triticum aestivum l., were investigated using resistant and susceptible near isogenic lines of the greenbug resistance gene gb3. in an antixenosis test, the greenbugs preferred susceptible plants to resistant ones when free choice of hosts was allowed. aphid feeding resulted in quick and severe damage to susceptible plants, which seemed to follow a general pattern spatially and was affected by the position where t ... | 2004 | 15154495 |
| economic impact of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in oregon and additive yield losses with fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode. | damage caused by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was quantified in spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., trials near pendleton and moro, or, during 2001 and 2002. five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to fusarium crown rot, fusarium pseudograminearum (o'donnell & aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, pratylenchus neglectus (rensch, 1924) (filipjev schuurmanns & stekhoven, 1941) and pratylenchus thornei (sher & allen, 1941). hessian fly became the d ... | 2004 | 15154461 |
| cloning and expression of pinb gene from triticum monococum seeds. | puroindolines (pin) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, endosperm-specific, basic proteins with a unique tryptophan-rich domain found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) as well as other members of triticaceae. pins appear to be involved in both flour softness as well as resistance against fungal diseases. these proteins are known to be the major components of 'friabilin' associated with the surface of water washed starch grains and possess lipid binding properti ... | 2003 | 15151287 |
| study of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers from wheat expressed sequence tags (ests). | the increasing availability of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat ( triticum aestivum) and related cereals provides a valuable resource of non-anonymous dna molecular markers. we examined 170,746 wheat ests from the public (international triticeae est cooperative) and génoplante databases, previously clustered in contigs, for the presence of di- to hexanucleotide simple sequence repeats (ssrs). analysis of 46,510 contigs identified 3,530 ssrs, which represented 7.5% of the total number of c ... | 0 | 15146317 |
| [comparative studies on proteins of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat and its maintainer by 2d-page in triticum aestivum]. | by using 2d-page techniques, protein compositions have been studied at different developmental stage leaf (seedling, tillering, shooting and booting stages) and pollen mother cells (pmc) (meiotic, 1-nucleus and 2-3 nuclei stages) in male sterile wheat and its maintainer. the results indicated that a specific protein (33kd/pi6.3) identified at the shooting and booting stage leaves in male-sterile wheat, but this protein species has not been identified in the male fertile wheat. four protein speci ... | 2004 | 15133897 |
| in silico physical mapping software for the triticum aestivum genome. | the large size of the triticum aestivum genome makes it unlikely that a complete genome sequence for wheat will be available in the near future. exploiting the conserved genome organization between wheat and rice and existing genomic resources, we have constructed in silico physical mapping software for wheat, assigning a gross physical location(s) into chromosome bins to 22,626 representative wheat gene sequences. to validate the predictions from the software we compared the predicted locations ... | 2004 | 15133717 |
| [inheritance of heading date in crosses of wheat cultivar responsiveness to light intensity]. | the inheritance of heading date has been studied in crosses of spring bread wheat cultivars differing in their reaction to various light intensities. the parental cultivars were similar in their vrn and ppd gene systems and differed in heading dates. domination of higher reaction to light intensity has been shown in f1 on duration of "ear emergence-heading" period. analysis of f2 populations has shown the identity of earliness per se genetic systems in novosibirskaya 22 and ordynskaya cultivars. ... | 2008 | 15131962 |
| rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (a, b, and d). to study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (hmw)-glutenin locus from the a genome of durum wheat (triticum turgidum, aabb) with the orthologous regions from the b genome of the same wheat and the d genome of the diploid wheat aegilops tauschii (anderson et al., 2003; kong et al., ... | 2004 | 15122014 |
| ntzip antisense plants show reduced chlorophyll levels. | we have isolated and characterized a new photosynthetic tissue-specific gene ntzip (nicotiana tabacum leucine zipper) from tobacco (n. tabacum). its deduced amino acid sequence has two highly conserved regions, leucine zipper and [ex(n)dexrh](2) motifs, which are related to the gene's biochemical functions. ntzip was expressed in leaves and stems, but was not detected in roots or flowers, suggesting that its physiological functions might be associated with photosynthesis. northern blot analysis ... | 2004 | 15120117 |
| thioredoxin reduction alters the solubility of proteins of wheat starchy endosperm: an early event in cereal germination. | a kcl-soluble, albumin/globulin fraction of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starchy endosperm was further separated into a methanol-insoluble fraction that contained metabolic proteins and a methanol-soluble fraction that contained "chloroform-methanol" or cm-like proteins. reduction of the disulfide bonds of the cm proteins with thioredoxin or dithiothreitol altered their properties so that, like the metabolic proteins, they were insoluble in methanol. glutathione had little effect, indicating dit ... | 2004 | 15111715 |
| effects of enhanced o3 and co2 enrichment on plant characteristics in wheat and corn. | the effects of co(2) enrichment and o(3) induced stress on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and corn (zea mays l.) were studied in field experiments using open-top chambers to simulate the atmospheric concentrations of these two gases that are predicted to occur during the coming century. the experiments were conducted at beltsville, md, during 1991 (wheat and corn) and 1992 (wheat). crops were grown under charcoal filtered (cf) air or ambient air + 40 nl liter(-1) o(3) (7 h per day, 5 days per week ... | 1996 | 15093517 |
| growth stimulation of triticum aestivum seedlings under cr-stresses by non-rhizospheric pseudomonad strains. | four chromium-resistant non-rhizospheric strains spcr-1, spcr-2, spcr-3 and spcr-4 (pseudomonads), which were isolated from the effluents of an ici paint factory and could tolerate 2-3 mg ml(-1) chromium in a minimal medium and 40 mg ml(-1) in a rich medium, were used to inoculate seeds of triticum aestivum. both inoculated and non-inoculated seeds were germinated and grown under different concentrations of chromium salts (k2cro4, 0, 100, 250, 500; crcl3, 0, 250, 500, 1000 microg ml(-1)). germin ... | 1997 | 15093364 |
| impacts of ozone on the growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat. | seed of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv riband) was sown on 29 august 1992 in eight field plots. four plots were exposed to elevated ozone (o(3)) concentrations on 16 days between 29 august and 2 october 1992, for 6 h day(-1), and on 27 days between 29 march and 24 august 1993, for 7 h day(-1). mean daily o(3) concentrations were approximately 30 and 80 nmol mol(-1) in ambient and fumigated plots, respectively. plants were sampled on 5 november (1992), 14 january, 16 february, 1 april, 25 ... | 1999 | 15093060 |
| the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in wheat. | short-term (14)co(2) pulse and chase experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in spring wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. 'anza'). wheat seedlings were grown in a sand-hydroponic system and exposed to either high ozone (38-40 ppm-h) or low ozone (23-31 ppm-h) for 21 days in a series of replicated experiments. following the ozone exposures, the plants were pulsed with (14)co(2) and allocation of (14)c-labeled photosynthate was me ... | 2000 | 15092992 |
| interactive effects of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biochemical compounds in wheat seedlings. | in this study, the interaction between temperature and heavy metal stress was investigated in two wheat varieties (triticum aestivum l. cv. gerek-79 and bolal-2973). effects of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg l(-1)) simultaneously applied at various temperatures (8/4, 25/18, 35/26 degrees c day/night) to the seedlings were detected by measuring changes in the plant length, percentage of dry weight, chlorophyll (a, b, a/b), total soluble phenolics, and free p ... | 2000 | 15092977 |
| interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was grown from seedling emergence to maturity (129 days) in chambers simulating the physical climate and ozone pollution of a field site in northern germany from 1 april to 31 july with a mean 1-h daily maximum of 61.5-62.4 nl l(-1) ozone compared to a constant low level of 21.5-22.8 nl l(-1) ozone. the two ozone levels were combined with either a current (374.1-380.2 microl l(-1)) or enriched (610.6-615.0 microl l(-1)) co(2) atmosphere. additionally ... | 2000 | 15092930 |
| phenological weighting of ozone exposures in the calculation of critical levels for wheat, bean and plantain. | this paper presents phenological weighting factors to be applied to aot40 (accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 nl l(-1)) ozone exposure-response relationships for crops at different growth stages. the quantification of such factors represents a step-forward in the derivation of level ii critical levels for ozone. the weighting factors presented are derived from published literature on the sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and plantain (plantago ma ... | 2000 | 15092885 |
| an ozone flux-response relationship for wheat. | six open-top chamber experiments with field-grown wheat triticum aestivum l. (five with spring wheat and one with winter wheat) were combined to test which of the two ozone exposure indices, aot40 and cfo(3), that provided the most consistent relationship between relative yield loss and ozone exposure. aot40 is the accumulated exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 nl l(-1), while cfo(3) is the cumulative flux of ozone (uptake) to the flag leaves. the ozone uptake of the flag leaves ... | 2000 | 15092878 |
| modeling the impact of ozone x drought interactions on regional crop yields. | the influence of soil moisture stress on crop sensitivity to o3 was evaluated for corn (zea mays l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merr.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the united states. this assessment was accomplished by using yield forecasting models to estimate the influence of soil moisture deficits on regional yield and a previously developed model to predict moisture stress x o3 interactions. reduced crop sensitivity to o3 was predicted for those re ... | 1988 | 15092561 |
| effects of ozone on the yield of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) grown in open-top field chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) was grown in the field at a site located in central switzerland, and exposed to chronic doses of ozone (o(3)) in open-top chambers to study impacts on yield. the experiment was carried out in 1986, 1987 and 1988. the treatments used included charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air to which constant amounts of o(3) (two levels, o(3)-1 and o(3)-2) were added daily from 09.00 until 17.00 local time. mean solar radiation-w ... | 1989 | 15092381 |
| effects of ozone on the grain composition of spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers. | in a three-year study carried out at a rural site in switzerland, spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. albis) was exposed to different levels of ozone (o(3)) in open-top-field chambers from the two-leaf stage until harvest. field plots in ambient air (aa) were used for comparison. grain recovered from the different treatments was analyzed for minerals (ca, mg, k, p), starch, protein, amino acids and alpha-tocopherol, in order to investigate the effect of o(3) on grain composition. chamber-encl ... | 1990 | 15092274 |
| ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ... | 1990 | 15092225 |
| yield and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers for two growing seasons, 1987 and 1988, at a site located in south-west sweden. the chambers were placed in a field of commercially grown spring wheat. the treatments were charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air plus extra ozone (nf(+)). in 1988, one additional ozone concentration (nf(++)) was used. grain yield was affected by the ozone concentrati ... | 1991 | 15092158 |
| effects of open-top chamber fumigations with ozone on three fungal leaf diseases of wheat and the mycoflora of the phyllosphere. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12.4 to 122 microg m(-3)), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis dc. f.sp. tritici marchal) which developed during the exposure period was significantly enhanced from 0.3/0.6% (two chamber replicates), 1.2/2.1%, 0.9/2.2% in charcoal-filtered air (cf) to 1.5/1.6% ... | 1991 | 15092102 |
| effects of air filtration on spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers at a rural site. ii. effects on mineral partitioning, sulphur and nitrogen metabolism and on grain quality. | in 1988 the effect of ambient levels of air pollutants on the nutrients status and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. pelican) was investigated by comparing plants grown in open-top chambers (otc) ventilated with ambient air (nf treatments) and charcoal-filtered air (cf treatments) at a rural site (tervuren, belgium). spring wheat cultivated in nf otc showed only minor differences in the p, k, ca, mg, mn and na concentrations of the different plant parts at final harvest, as we ... | 1992 | 15091972 |
| effects of air filtration on spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers at a rural site. i. effects on growth, yield and dry matter partitioning. | spring wheat, triticum aestivum, was grown in open-top field chambers and exposed during the whole life cycle to filtered and non-filtered ambient air. the relatively low ambient pollution level did affect plant growth but had no effect on the overall grain yield of the two spring wheat cultivars echo (1987) and pelican (1988). a reduced root growth was found in both years which could be attributed mainly to the deposition of no2 and so2. effects on crop development most likely due to ozone were ... | 1992 | 15091971 |
| the effects of lead-resistant pseudomonads on the growth of triticum aestivum seedlings under lead stress. | five pseudomonad strains, spb-1, spb-2, spb-3, (from a water sample), spb-4, and spb-5 (from rhizosphere), which could tolerate lead acetate up to 1000 microm ml(-1), were isolated from an industrially polluted area around kasoor, pakistan. only spb-5 harbours a lead-resistant plasmid. triticum aestivum seeds inoculated with strains spb-4 and spb-5 were germinated and grown under different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm) of lead acetate for ten days. germination and seedling growth we ... | 1993 | 15091828 |
| growth and yield responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) grown in open-top chambers to ozone and water stress. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. turbo was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. the plants were grown either in charcoal filtered air (cf), not filtered air (nf), in charcoal filtered air with proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf1), or in charcoal filtered air with twice proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf2). the mean seasonal ozone concentrations (24 h mean) were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 24.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1, and cf2 tr ... | 1994 | 15091737 |
| response of cellular antioxidants to ozone in wheat flag leaves at different stages of plant development. | the effect of ozone (o3) on growth, yield and foliar antioxidants of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was investigated in 1990 and 1991 in braunschweig, germany. plants were grown full-season in pots in open-top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered (cf) air to which one or two levels of o3 were added. mean 8 h day(-1) (10.00-18.00 h) o3 concentrations in the cf and cf + o3 treatments were 5.9, 61.2 and 92.5 nl litre(-1) in 1990, and 4.7 and 86.4 nl litre(-1) in 1991. plants th ... | 1994 | 15091719 |
| effects of ozone on grain quality of wheat grown in open-top chambers: three years of experimentation. | field trials with winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in open-top chambers and exposed to either ambient filtered (f) or unfiltered (nf) air were carried out for 3 years in northern italy. the experiments were performed at two places, a rural and an urban site in the po plain. the data obtained show no significant difference in protein, starch and glucose contents between the treatments; nevertheless, a tendency towards an increase in glucose and a decrease in starch contents was observed ... | 1994 | 15091646 |
| modelling stomatal responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) to ozone and different levels of water supply. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. air was charcoal filtered (cf), non-filtered (nf) and cf plus proportional addition of ambient or twice ambient ozone (cf1, cf2). seasonal means of o(3), taken over 24 h, were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 34.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1 and cf2 treatments, respectively. a split-plot design was used to obtain two levels of water supply: one-half of the pots was irrigated ... | 1995 | 15091587 |
| effects of ozone on 14c translocation velocity and growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed in open-top chambers. | growth and yield were reduced but (14)c translocation velocity was not affected by increasing levels of ozone in spring wheat exposed in open top chambers to the following treatments: charcoal filtered air (cf), non-filtered ambient air (nf), or nf with addition of 30 microl litre(-1) ozone, 8 h daily (nfo). destructive harvests were performed at anthesis and at maturity. parts of the flag leaf or the second leaf were exposed to (14)co(2) in small cuvettes for 5 min before, during and after anth ... | 1995 | 15091586 |
| air pollution and its impacts on wheat yield in the pakistan punjab. | a study using open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or charcoal-filtered air in the vicinity of lahore, pakistan, has demonstrated a reduction of 46.7% and 34.8% in the grain yield for two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the 6-h daily mean o(3) concentrations were 25-45 nl litre(-1) and on the basis of experience in north america and europe, reductions in yield in the present study are substantially greater than might be predicted. the reasons for this discrepancy are discu ... | 1995 | 15091554 |
| loss of particulate contaminants from plant canopies under wet and dry conditions. | there is a requirement for data describing the loss with time of particulate contamination from plant canopies. measurements were made of the loss rates of monodispersed silica spheres (three sizes, with mass median aerodynamic diameters (mmads) 1.9, 5.3 and 8.4 microm) from wheat (triticum aestivum) and broad bean (vicia faba) canopies. the spheres were labelled with tracers detectable by instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa). canopies were contaminated under realistic turbulence cond ... | 1996 | 15091444 |
| response of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. to simulated acid rain. | the present experiment was aimed at assessing the impact of simulated acidic precipitation (sar) on growth, biomass accumulation and yield of two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), malviya 206 and 234, varying in cuticular thickness and leaf area. wheat cultivars were exposed to simulated rain acidified to ph 5.6 (control), 5.0, 4.5, 4.0 and 3.0 from 30 days of age, twice a week for five weeks. the plants received ambient precipitation of unknown acidity, as well as the acid rain treatme ... | 1996 | 15091436 |
| effects of elevated co2 nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat. i. growth and yield. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) was exposed to three co(2) levels, in combination with two nitrogen fertilizer levels and two levels of tropospheric ozone, from sowing to ripening in open-top chambers. three additional nitrogen fertilizer treatments were carried out at the lowest and the highest co(2) level, respectively. plants were harvested at growth stages 31, 65 and 93 and separated into up to eight fractions to gain information about biomass partitioning. co(2) enrichment ( ... | 1996 | 15091431 |
| evaluation of plant availability of soil trace metals by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis. | soil samples with a range of chemical and physical properties were collected from 10 different rural regions of china. trace metals (ni, co, cu, and pb) in the soils were partitioned by a sequential extraction procedure into mg(no(3))(2) extractable (f1), ch(3)coona extractable (f2), nh(2)oh.hcl extractable (f3), hno(3)?h(2)o(2) extractable (f4), and residual (f5) fractions. chemical fractionation showed that f1 fraction of the metals was less than 1% and residue was the dominant form for cu and ... | 1996 | 15091423 |
| responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to ozone produced by either electric discharge and dry air or by uv-lamps and ambient air. | the aim of the present study was to examine if ozone produced similar effects on spring wheat growth with and without small amounts of nitrogen oxides. two methods were used to produce ozone: the first method consisted of dry pressurized air fed to an electric discharge generator generating the byproducts, n2o5 and n2o, the second method consisted of ambient air fed to uv-lamps. two spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. cvs minaret and eridano) were exposed in small open-top chambers to c ... | 1996 | 15091350 |
| response of graywater recycling systems based on hydroponic plant growth to three classes of surfactants. | anionic (sodium laureth sulfate, sles), amphoteric (cocamidopropyl betaine, capb) and nonionic (alcohol polyethoxylate, ae) surfactants were added to separate nutrient film technique (nft) hydroponic systems containing dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum cv. usu apogee) in a series of 21 day trials. surfactant was added either in a (1). temporally dynamic mode (1-3 g surfactant m(-2) growing area d(-1)) as effected by automatic addition of a 300 ppm surfactant solution to meet plant water demand, or ... | 2004 | 15087176 |
| both mitogen activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin modulate the development of functional renal proximal tubules in matrigel. | tubules may arise during branching morphogenesis through several mechanisms including wrapping, budding, cavitation and cord hollowing. in this report we present evidence that is consistent with renal proximal tubule formation through a process of cord hollowing (a process that requires the concomitant establishment of apicobasal polarity and lumen formation). pockets of lumen filled with lucifer yellow were observed within developing cords of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in matrigel. the ... | 2004 | 15075242 |
| predicting cadmium concentrations in wheat and barley grain using soil properties. | the entry of cd into the food chain is of concern as it can cause chronic health problems. to investigate the relationship between soil properties and the concentration of cd in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and harley (hordeum vulgare l.) grain, we analyzed 162 wheat and 215 barley grain samples collected from paired soil and crop surveys in britain, and wheat and barley samples from two long-term sewage sludge experiments. cadmium concentrations were much lower in barley grain than in wheat gra ... | 2017 | 15074804 |
| effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium. | increasing chloride (cl) concentration in soil solution has been shown to increase cadmium (cd) concentration in soil solution and cd uptake by plants, when grown in phosphate fertilizer- or biosolid-amended soils. however, previous experiments did not distinguish between the effect of cl on biosolid-borne cd compared with soil-borne cd inherited from previous fertilizer history. a factorial pot experiment was conducted with biosolid application rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g biosolids kg(-1) and ... | 2013 | 15074800 |
| a novel laboratory screening bioassay for crop seedling allelopathy. | crops that control weeds by root exudation of allelochemicals are receiving increased attention, and there are efforts to breed allelopathic cultivars in several crops. the genetic improvement of allelopathic traits is based upon parental germ plasm with high allelopathic activity. identification of allelopathic germplasm is done in laboratory screening bioassays, but experimental protocols are limited. we developed a fast and reliable laboratory screening bioassay for grain crops that includes ... | 2004 | 15074665 |
| application of experimental design to the development of an hplc method for the analysis of ochratoxin a in triticum aestivum grain. | ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin, a natural product of aspergillus and penicillium species. it can be present in grain from triticum aestivum, (graminae) and other starch-abundant cereals. this paper describes the investigation of ochratoxin a in grain from triticum aestivum using a statistically optimized hplc method. the assay was developed using two mathematical statistical models: factorial design and response surface mapping. the final step was to optimize the values of variables by response sur ... | 2004 | 15074586 |
| a new method to detect cadmium uptake in protoplasts. | the mechanism for cadmium (cd2+) uptake into the cytosol of protoplasts from 5- to 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. kadett) was investigated by a new method, using fluorescence microscopy and the heavy metal-specific fluorescent dye, 5-nitrobenzothiazole coumarin, btc-5n. cadmium fluorescence gradually increased in the cytosol of shoot and root protoplasts upon repeated additions of cdcl2 to the external medium, reflecting an uptake of cd2+. the uptake was inhibited by calcium ... | 2004 | 15069560 |
| aflp-based genetic diversity and its comparison with diversity based on ssr, sampl, and phenotypic traits in bread wheat. | data on aflp (eight primer pairs) and 14 phenotypic traits, collected on 55 elite and exotic bread wheat genotypes, were utilized for estimations of genetic diversity. we earlier used these 55 genotypes for a similar study using ssrs and sampl. as many as 615 scorable aflp bands visualized included 287 (46.6%) polymorphic bands. the phenotypic traits included yield and its component traits, as well as physiomorphological traits like flag leaf area. dendrograms were prepared using cluster analysi ... | 2004 | 15068338 |
| [allele characterization of storage protein loci in the greek spring wheat cultivars]. | genotypes at the storage protein loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1, gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1, gli-a3 were identified in a group of greek spring common wheat varieties. these varieties served as the parental forms for producing dihaploid lines. heterogeneous varieties were revealed. | 2008 | 15067944 |
| transferability of ssr markers among wheat, rye, and triticale. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are a valuable tool for many purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. however, they are only available in some economically important crops because of the high cost and labor intensity involved in their development. comparative mapping reveals a high degree of colinearity between closely related species, which allows the exchange of markers between them. our objective was to examine the transferability of ssr markers among wheat ( triticum aes ... | 2004 | 15067402 |
| deletion and complementation of the mating type (mat) locus of the wheat head blight pathogen gibberella zeae. | gibberella zeae, a self-fertile, haploid filamentous ascomycete, causes serious epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) head blight worldwide and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins. anecdotal evidence dating back to the late 19th century indicates that g. zeae ascospores (sexual spores) are a more important inoculum source than are macroconidia (asexual spores), although the fungus can produce both during wheat head blight epidemics. to develop fungal strains to test this hypothesis ... | 2004 | 15066842 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of glu-1 high-molecular-mass glutenin genes from wheat by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. | the unique bread-making properties of wheat are closely correlated with composition and quantity of high-molecular-mass (hmw) glutenin subunits encoded by the glu-1 genes. we report the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to identify bread wheat genotypes carrying hmw glutenin allele composition of glu-1 complex loci (glu-a1, glu-b1 and glu-d1) by capillary electrophoresis(ce) with laser-induced fluorescence (lif) detection. two triplex primer sets of hmw glutenin s ... | 2004 | 15065810 |
| the transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum to wheat. | common root rot, caused by cochliobolus sativus (ito and kurib) drechs. ex dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) on the canadian prairies. resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) liu and wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with agrotana, a resistant wheat - th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from ... | 2004 | 15060618 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of an alloplasmic durum wheat line with a portion of chromosome 1d of triticum aestivum carrying the scs(ae) gene. | triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) with triticum longissimum (2n = 2x = 14; s1s1) cytoplasm ((lo) cytoplasm) has normal fertility and plant vigor. however, the nucleus of durum wheat (triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb)) is incompatible with the t. longissimum cytoplasm, producing non-viable progeny. this incompatibility is alleviated by scs(ae), a species cytoplasm-specific (scs) gene, on the long arm of chromosome 1d (1dl) of common wheat. the hemizygous (lo) durum scs(ae) line is mal ... | 2004 | 15060617 |
| genetic and physical mapping of homoeologous recombination points involving wheat chromosome 2b and rye chromosome 2r. | wide hybrids have been used in generating genetic maps of many plant species. in this study, genetic and physical mapping was performed on ph1b-induced recombinants of rye chromosome 2r in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). all recombinants were single breakpoint translocations. recombination 2rs-2bs was absent from the terminal and the pericentric regions and was distributed randomly along an intercalary segment covering approximately 65% of the arm's length. such a distribution probably resulted fr ... | 2004 | 15060600 |
| linkage mapping of powdery mildew and greenbug resistance genes on recombinant 1rs from 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' wheat-rye translocations of chromosome 1rs.1al. | cultivated rye (secale cereale l., 2n = 2x = 14, rr) is an important source of genes for insect and disease resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42). rye chromosome arm 1rs of s. cereale 'kavkaz' originally found as a 1bl.1rs translocation, carries genes for disease resistance (e.g., lr26, sr31, yr9, and pm8), while 1rs of the s. cereale 'amigo' translocation (1rsa) carries a single resistance gene for greenbug (schizaphis graminum rondani) biotypes b and c and also carries addit ... | 2004 | 15060581 |
| development of pcr-based codominant markers flanking the alt3 gene in rye. | aluminum (al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. the ability of crops to overcome al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. rye (secale cereale l.) is the most al-tolerant species among the triticeae. our previous study showed that al tolerance in a rye f6 recombinant inbred line (ril) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (alt3) gene on chromosome 4rl. based on the dna sequence of a rice ... | 2004 | 15060575 |
| intermediate fertile triticum aestivum (+) agropyron elongatum somatic hybrids are generated by low doses of uv irradiation. | we report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron elongatum (host) nevishi (the synonym is thinopyrum ponticum). asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed between agropyron elongatum protoplasts irradiated with a low uv dose and protoplasts of wheat taken from nonregenerable suspension cultures. more than 40 green plantlets were obtained from 15 regenerated clones and one of them produced seeds. the phenotypes of the hybrid plants and se ... | 2004 | 15040895 |
| hydrophytes lack potential to exhibit cadmium stress induced enhancement in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline. | investigations were carried out to evaluate if hydrophytes (viz. ceratophyllum, wolffia, and hydrilla) can be used as markers to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. the potential of these hydrophytes for lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline in response to cadmium (cd2+) pollution was studied. hydrophytes were raised in artificial pond water (apw) supplemented with various levels of cd2+. interestingly, unlike mesophytes none of the hydrophytes showed ability to ... | 2004 | 15036869 |
| differential effects of aluminium on osmotic potential and sugar accumulation in the root cells of al-resistant and al-sensitive wheat. | the changes in osmotic potential and the concentration of osmotic solutes in the cell sap of the root tips exposed to al were examined in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum) differing in al resistance. root elongation was less influenced by an 8-h exposure to 20 microm or 50 microm al in al-resistant cv. atlas 66 than in al-sensitive cv. scout 66. after al treatment the osmotic potential of the root cells was decreased in atlas 66 but increased in scout 66 indicating that the al treatment ... | 2004 | 15032882 |
| influence of ozone on ribonuclease activity in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. | ribonucleases (rnases) degrade rna and exert a major influence on gene expression during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. rnase activity typically increases in response to pathogen attack, wounding and phosphate (p(i)) deficiency. activity also increases during senescence and other programmed cell death processes. the air pollutant ozone (o(3)) often induces injury and accelerated senescence in many plants, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in these responses rem ... | 2004 | 15032859 |
| wheat seedlings as a model to understand desiccation tolerance and sensitivity. | the coleoptiles of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings of cultivar trémie are desiccation tolerant when 3 days old, although the roots are not. cutting some of the coleoptiles open prior to dehydration rapidly increased the drying rate. this rendered the coleoptiles sensitive to desiccation, providing a useful model with which to study desiccation tolerance. both sensitive and tolerant seedlings were dehydrated to 0.3 g h(2)o g(-1) dry mass (g.g) and thereafter rehydrated. sensitive tissues a ... | 2004 | 15032818 |
| [purification and characterization of lipases from wheat germ]. | a method of isolation and purification of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the germ of wheat (triticum aestivum) is described. electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of the enzyme (specific activity, 622.5 x x 10(-3) mumol/min per mg protein) was obtained after purification in 61 times. the molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by gel chromatography, was 143 +/- 2 kda. the optimal conditions for the enzyme were 37 degrees and ph 8.0. homogeneous preparation of the lipase exhibited high thermal ... | 2006 | 15029708 |
| a new resource for cereal genomics: 22k barley genechip comes of age. | in recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to rna and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. however, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. we report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22k barley1 genechip probe array, a model for plants without a fully seque ... | 2004 | 15020760 |
| alkali grass resists salt stress through high [k+] and an endodermis barrier to na+. | in order to understand the salt-tolerance mechanism of alkali grass (puccinellia tenuiflora) compared with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), [k(+)] and [na(+)] in roots and shoots in response to salt treatments were examined with ion element analysis and x-ray microanalysis. both the rapid k(+) and na(+) influx in response to different nacl and kcl treatments, and the accumulation of k(+) and na(+) as the plants acclimated to long-term stress were studied in culture- solution experiments. a higher k ... | 2004 | 15020645 |
| expression and localisation analysis of the wheat sucrose transporter tasut1 in vegetative tissues. | previously we reported the isolation of three sucrose transporter genes, tasut1a, 1b and 1d, all expressed at high levels in the developing grains of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.), but also in a variety of other tissues. in order to further characterise the expression of the tasut1 genes in wheat plants, we have analysed tasut1 expression in their vegetative tissues using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation. th ... | 2004 | 15014993 |
| qtl analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat is a widespread and destructive disease which occurs in humid and semi-humid areas. fhb epidemics can cause serious yield and quality losses under favorable climatic conditions, but the major concern is the contamination of grains with mycotoxins. resistance to fhb is quantitatively inherited and greatly influenced by the environment. its evaluation is costly and time-consuming. the genetic basis of fhb resistance has mainly been studied in spring wheat. the o ... | 2004 | 15014875 |
| localization of a novel recessive powdery mildew resistance gene from common wheat line rd30 in the terminal region of chromosome 7al. | segregation analysis of resistance to powdery mildew in a f(2) progeny from the cross chinese spring (cs) x ta2682c revealed the inheritance of a dominant and a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. selfing of susceptible f(2) individuals allowed the establishment of a mapping population segregating exclusively for the recessive resistance gene. the extracted resistant derivative showing full resistance to each of 11 wheat powdery mildew isolates was designated rd30. amplified fragment lengt ... | 2004 | 15014874 |
| dwarf bunt: politics, identification, and biology. | dwarf bunt is a disease of wheat caused by the smut fungus tilletia controversa kuhn. winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is the primary host of economic significance. although the total acreage affected by dwarf bunt is small relative to total wheat production worldwide, the disease has assumed attention disproportionate to its economic impact because it has become a matter of contention in world trade in cereals. this review describes the political and economic issues underlying the study and ... | 1996 | 15012535 |
| analysis of the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of 16s rrna clones. | the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat grown in three different soils obtained from the southeast part of south australia was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the amplified 16s rrna genes. a new, validated approach was applied to the t-rflp analysis in order to estimate, to the genus level, the actinobacterial population that was identified. actinobacterium-biased primers were used together with three restriction enzy ... | 2004 | 15006805 |
| microsatellite-based deletion bin system for the establishment of genetic-physical map relationships in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | because of polyploidy and large genome size, deletion stocks of bread wheat are an ideal material for physically allocating ests and genes to small chromosomal regions for targeted mapping. to enhance the utility of deletion stocks for chromosome bin mapping, we characterized a set of 84 deletion lines covering the 21 chromosomes of wheat using 725 microsatellites. we localized these microsatellite loci to 94 breakpoints in a homozygous state (88 distal deletions, 6 interstitial), and 5 in a het ... | 2004 | 15004738 |
| molecular identification and chromosomal localization of genes encoding triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i-like proteins in cereals. | taxi ( triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor) proteins are present in wheat flour and are known to inhibit glycosyl hydrolase family 11 endoxylanases, enzymes which are commonly applied in grain processing. here, we describe the pcr-based molecular identification of genes encoding endoxylanase inhibitors hvxi and scxi, the taxi-like proteins from barley ( hordeum vulgare) and rye ( secale cereale) respectively. the hvxi coding sequence encodes a mature protein of 384 amino acids preceded by a 19 ... | 0 | 15004675 |
| the composition of grain and forage from glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800 is equivalent to that of conventional wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800, simply referred to as mon 71800, contains a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) protein from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4 (cp4 epsps) that has a reduced affinity for glyphosate as compared to the endogenous plant epsps enzyme. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the compositional equivalence of mon 71800 to its nontransgenic parent as well as to conventional wheat varieties. the compositional assessment evaluated the levels of proximates, ... | 2004 | 14995149 |