Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [antibiotic sensitivity of bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains]. | bacillus thuringiensis strains forming colonies of the s and r morphology were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, neomycin, lincomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, and resistant to ampicillin and polymyxin. the s strains were shown to be susceptible to tetracycline (tets), whereas the r strains were either susceptible (tets) or resistant (tetr). the population of tetr strains was heterogeneous in its resistance to tetracycline (the frequency of tetr cells was from 10 ... | 1982 | 7121329 |
| large river treatment with bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for the control of simulium damnosum s.l. in the onchocerciasis control programme. | complete mortality of simulium damnosum theobald s.l. larvae was obtained along a 19 km stretch of the marahoué river including and downstream of the danangoro rapids complex in the bandama basin of ivory coast after treatment with 1.5 ppm/10 min of the sandoz 402-1-wdc formulation of bacillus thuringiensis berliner serotype h-14. partial control was observed for an additional 15 km. the level of control was especially encouraging considering the low concentration (.8%) of active ingredient in t ... | 1982 | 7112688 |
| [participation of bacillus thuringiensis plasmids in the synthesis of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin]. | 1982 | 7105967 | |
| [electron microscope study of "bacillus thuringiensis" var. "israelensis" sporulation and crystal biogenesis (author's transl)]. | the sporulation and crystal development of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 was described for a wild spore- and crystal-forming strain and for a mutant crystal but non spore-forming strain. the special nature of the israelensis var. consisted in the composite structure of the crystal, made of a number of components differing in size, shape and electron density. the components were formed in a single inclusion or sometimes separately inside the same bacterial cell. | 1982 | 7103310 |
| relationship of the syntheses of spore coat protein and parasporal crystal protein in bacillus thuringiensis. | two major classes of polypeptides were extracted from the spore surface of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki: the 134,000-dalton protoxin that is the major component of the crystalline inclusion and spore coat polypeptides very similar to those found on bacillus cereus spores. the quantity of spore coat polypeptides produced was reduced when compared with that produced by certain acrystalliferous mutants or by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the latter organism produced an inclusion to ... | 1982 | 7085565 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection and quantitation of the entomocidal parasporal crystalline protein of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and israelensis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect and quantitate the parasporal crystal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and israelensis. the assay method described is extremely sensitive, accurate, and highly specific. with this technique, crystalline insecticidal proteins from several subspecies of b. thuringiensis were compared. the dipteran crystal toxin produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was shown to share few epitopes with the lepidopteran toxin from b. ... | 1982 | 7081987 |
| ultrastructural analysis of membrane development during bacillus thuringiensis sporulation. | 1982 | 7077740 | |
| [effect of different carbon and purine nucleotide sources on exoprotease synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis cells, depending on their physiological state, produce different quantities of exoprotease. easily metabolizable carbon sources in the medium can affect the process in the opposite way: they inhibit synthesis of the enzyme by the cells in the exponential growth phase, and stimulate it by the sporulating cells. apparently, camp is not an effector of catabolite repression regulating exoprotease synthesis by the cells in the exponential growth phase, inspite of stimulating th ... | 1982 | 7040922 |
| [distribution, homology and cloning of cryptic bacillus thuringiensis plasmids]. | the 69-6 strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae harbours at least 7 cryptic plasmids (pbtg1 - pbtg7) with molecular lengths 8,4 to 15,7 kb. according to hybridization analysis, the plasmid pbtg2 (8,7 kb) and other plasmids of the same host strain as well as cryptic plasmids of the strains belonging to 10 other serotypes of bac. thuringiensis share detectable homology. as shown by the data of heteroduplex analysis, about 60% of pbtg1 and pbtg2 genomes have homologous dna sequences. the ... | 1982 | 7037539 |
| [cloning and the expression of the dna promotor fragments of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli cells]. | the promoter-containing fragments of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria 69-6 dna have been cloned on the pga24 vector in escherichia coli cells. the recombinant plasmids make cells resistant to tetracycline in a wide range. the level of tetracycline-resistance does not depend on the length of a foreign insertion. new polypeptides are synthesized on the template of the recombinant plasmids in vitro. the data point out the presence in bac. thuringiensis dna of many genes which are able to expr ... | 1981 | 7033045 |
| [extracellular serine proteinase of bacillus thuringiensis]. | pure extracellular serine proteinase has been isolated from a broth filtrate of bacillus thuringiensis, strain 69-6r by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography on sepharose 4b derivatives containing p-(omega-aminomethyl)-phenylboronic acid and cyclopeptide bacillichin as ligands. the enzyme is completely inactivated by phenylmethylsolfonyl fluoride, a specific reagent for serine proteinases, has the molecular weight of 29 000 and pi of 8.4, reveals maximal activity and st ... | 1981 | 7028140 |
| a new subfamily of microbial serine proteinase? structural similarities of bacillus thuringiensis and thermoactinomyces vulgaris extracellular serine proteinases. | 1981 | 7028036 | |
| the entomocidal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | 1981 | 7025037 | |
| cloning and expression of the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in escherichia coli. | sau 3a1 partial digestion fragments from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 plasmid dna were ligated into the bamhi site of the cloning vector pbr322 and transformed into escherichia coli strain hb101. colonies presumed to contain recombinant plasmids were screened for production of an antigen that would react with antibody made against b. thuringiensis crystals. one strain, es12, was isolated by using this procedure. es12 contains a plasmid of mr 11 x 10(6) that has dna sequence homology ... | 1981 | 7019914 |
| deposit assessment of bacillus thuringiensis formulations applied from an aircraft. | deposit assessment after aerial spraying with bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) formulations consists of the analysis of the splash of droplets on kromekote papers and determining the number of bacterial colonies growing on nutrient agar medium petri dishes. however, neither of these two methods provides a number of spores deposited although this figure is essential to determine treatment efficiency. both methods are evaluated with regard to this need and a new approach is suggested. | 1980 | 7011511 |
| a. m. heimpel (1923-1979): an appreciation. | 1980 | 7003024 | |
| ultrastructure, physiology, and biochemistry of bacillus thuringiensis. | 1980 | 7000441 | |
| crystal-forming proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. the limited hydrolysis by endogeneous proteinases as a cause of their apparent multiplicity. | the crystals of the entomocidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis are admixed with proteinases that in the course of their dissolution cause gradual degradation of the "genuine" crystal-forming protein components (i.e. the primary biosynthetic products) to products of lower molecular weight. this phenomenon might explain at least partially the contradictory data on the molecular parameters of the crystal-forming proteins. preliminary inactivation of the proteinases adsorbed on the crystals allow ... | 1980 | 6994717 |
| mammalian safety of microbial agents for vector control: a who memorandum. | this memorandum outlines recommended safety tests for application to biological agents under consideration for widespread use for pest control. the basic principles utilized in developing these recommendations were that: (i) the hazards presented by microbial pesticides are inherently different from those associated with chemical pesticides and the tests used to determine hazard potential to man should reflect this; (ii) a high proportion of negative results is likely; (iii) tiered testing syste ... | 1981 | 6978192 |
| progress in malaria vector control. | malaria control, except in tropical africa, will probably continue to be based to a large extent on the use of insecticides for many years. however, the development of resistance to insecticides in the vectors has caused serious difficulties and it is necessary to change the strategy of insecticide use to maximize their efficacy. a thorough knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of each vector species is required before the control strategy can be adapted to different epidemiological situations. ... | 1981 | 6976842 |
| molecular relationships among plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis: conserved sequences through 11 crystalliferous strains. | screening for the plasmid content of 11 strains belonging to nine different serotypes of b. thuringiensis was carried out by electron microscopic examination and electrophoresis in agarose gels. all the strains contained at lest two covalently closed, circular (ccc) dna species. in one strain (berliner 1715), 17 extrachromosomal elements could be distinguished with regard to their size, ranging from 3.9 to 180 mdal. southern hybridisation experiments showed that most of these plasmids fell into ... | 1982 | 6956789 |
| complete purification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from a strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c was purified from the culture broth of bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077 to a homogeneous state as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 559 units/mg and recovery of the enzyme activity was 31%. molecular and physiological properties of the purified enzyme, including molecular weight (22,000), isoelectric point (pi = 4.9) and its ectoenzyme-releasing activity, were studied in comparison with ... | 1983 | 6885748 |
| [qualitative information processing in studying biological systems]. | 1983 | 6880401 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis crystal delta-endotoxin: effects on insect and mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis parasporal crystal delta-endotoxin was purified by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. native delta-endotoxin crystals showed no detectable toxicity in the vitro and in vivo systems that are described. by contrast alkali-solubilized crystal delta-endotoxin caused rapid cytological and cytopathological changes in aedes albopictus, choristoneura fumiferana 63 cf1, spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cell lines as observed by phase-c ... | 1983 | 6874728 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to aedes aegypti larvae: carbonate reversal. | the toxicity of purified bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to larvae of aedes aegypti could be reversed 100-fold by levels of k(2)co(3) as low as 0.15%. | 1983 | 6870244 |
| [action of crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the midgut of aedes aegypti l. larvae, studied by electron microscopy]. | ingestion of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by aedes aegypti larvae is followed by midgut epithelium disruption. earliest ultrastructural changes consist of an enlargement of intra- and intercellular spaces in the basal region of the cell. endoplasmic reticula disintegrate by forming spherical structures which increase in size during intoxication. mitochondria are transformed at first into a condensed form, then become swollen with the disappearance of internal cristae. in the ... | 1983 | 6870088 |
| field trial of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (vcrc b-17) against culex and anopheles larvae. | 1983 | 6862558 | |
| [effect of the larval density of aedes aegypti mosquitoes on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis berl. preparations]. | 1983 | 6843501 | |
| [action on flea imagoes of bacterial preparations of the thuringiensis-group and their fillers]. | 1983 | 6843497 | |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, serovar h14 in aedes aegypti: histopathological studies. | 1983 | 6841993 | |
| specificities of monoclonal antibodies against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. | eight hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis were grown in balb/c mice. ascites fluids were collected, and the antibodies were purified by antigen-affinity chromatography. the specificity of each monoclonal antibody for the toxin and protoxin was established by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all the antibodies consisted of gamma 1 heavy and kappa light chains. they were reactiv ... | 1983 | 6840855 |
| spontaneous loss of a high molecular weight plasmid and the biocide of bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis. | 1983 | 6838531 | |
| evidence for plasmid-associated crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | three crystalliferous (cry+) strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype 14) that produce parasporal protein crystals toxic to dipteran larvae and several acrystalliferous (cry-) mutants, either induced or spontaneously derived from a single cry+ parent, were examined for the presence of covalently closed circular (ccc) dna in attempts to correlate toxin production with the presence of a specific plasmid. the plasmid profiles of both cry+ and cry- variants were analyzed by bot ... | 1983 | 6836053 |
| diversity of locations for bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes. | the location of crystal protein genes in 22 crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains representing 14 subspecies was investigated by hybridization of an intragenic restriction fragment from a cloned crystal protein gene to whole plasmid preparations. hybridization was found to a single plasmid in eight strains, to more than one plasmid in seven strains, and to one or both of two large, unresolved plasmids in two strains. the sizes of the hybridized plasmids ranged from 33 to over 150 megada ... | 1983 | 6833183 |
| mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis delta-endotoxin protein active against mosquitoes was inactivated by prior incubation with lipids extracted from aedes albopictus cells. experiments with lipid dispersions and multilamellar liposomes showed that the toxin binds to phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine provided these lipids contain unsaturated fatty acids. phosphatidyl serine binds toxin less efficiently and phosphatidyl inositol, cardiolipin, cerebroside and chol ... | 1983 | 6832375 |
| corneal ulcer caused by a biologic insecticide (bacillus thuringiensis). | 1983 | 6824057 | |
| [enterobacterial gene expression of antibiotic resistance under the control of bacillus thuringiensis regulatory signals in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria]. | two recombinant plasmids ppbt9 and ppbt74 carrying hindiii promoter-active dna fragments of bacillus thuringiensis onto the vector pga24 were studied. the cloned fragment of ppbt9 plasmid has many homologous regions in bac. thuringiensis genome. this fragment contains three escherichia coli rna polymerase binding sites, one of which is responsible for promoting tetracycline resistance of the promoter-deficient enterobacterial tet gene in e. coli cells. the bacillar fragment of ppbt74 plasmid has ... | 1982 | 6818110 |
| interchangeability of delta subunits of rna polymerase from different species of the genus bacillus. | rna polymerase was purified from five species of bacillus, including bacillus subtilis. each polymerase had a subunit composition analogous to that reported for b. subtilis, i.e., beta beta '2 alpha sigma delta omega 1 omega 2. the delta subunits from the b. subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis polymerases were interchangeable, as judged from their effects on promoter selection in the polymerase binding assay. | 1982 | 6802805 |
| [plasmid transformation of bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts]. | 1982 | 6800747 | |
| [instability of the auxotrophic markers in bacillus thuringiensis]. | auxotrophic mutants of bacillus thuringiensis have been isolated and compared with the mutants of bacillus subtilis. it has been found that after spore formation and a prolonged storage, the considerable part of cells in a population of some strains display a genetically unstable additional requirement for arginine with high frequency. the correlation between tetracycline sensitivity and unstable requirement for arginine and other growth factors has been found. the possible reasons for instabili ... | 1981 | 6797872 |
| [isolation and characteristics of radioresistant bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis mutants]. | 1981 | 6796992 | |
| [use of the supernatant from cultures of bacillus thuringiensis in an in vivo study of the functioning of the nucleolar organizer in drosophila melanogaster]. | the use of drosophila melanogaster mutants deficient in active ribosomal genes, allowed us to demonstrate that the in vivo degree of resistance to a given concentration of supernatant from bacillus thuringiensis cultures, can be an indication of the ribosomal genes functional level. | 1981 | 6796208 |
| the crystalline layers in spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis studied by freeze-etching and high resolution electron microscopy. | the comparative morphology of spores from bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis s-9 (wildtype), b. thuringiensis hb 9-1 (acrystaliferous mutant) and b. finitimus, was studied by the freeze-etching technique. particular attention was given to the three crystalline layers found in these spores, the pitted layer, the parasporal layer, and the basal layer of the exosporium with lattice constants of 9.2 nm, 5.8 nm and 8.0 nm respectively. the parasporal layers, corresponding to the fraction of fl of sche ... | 1980 | 6766865 |
| [exoprotease synthesis, insecticidal activity and spore formation in a bacillus thuringiensis mutant defective in glucose transport]. | 1982 | 6759887 | |
| [ultrastructure of the bacterial spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes]. | spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes were studied by electron microscopy. the serotypes were shown to differ in the fine structure of the exosporium and crystals. the packing parameters of morphological subunits were determined by analysing electron photomicrographs by the technique of optical diffraction and filtration. some of the strains are characterised by hypersynthesis of surface spore structures. the individual morphological properties of crystals can be used f ... | 1984 | 6748975 |
| [variability of bacillus thuringiensis under various growth conditions]. | when a lysogenic culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6 was grown under the batch conditions, 93-99% of cells in the population produced r-form colonies and ca. 1% yielded s-form colonies. the amount of spore-forming cells was 99% in r-variants and 8% in s-variants. the quantity of s-variants rose abruptly to 99% when the culture was grown under the chemostat conditions. the number of s-variants increased with the rate and the duration of growth. the process was influenced by gr ... | 1984 | 6748973 |
| effect of formulation, concentration, and application time on the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against black fly (diptera: simuliidae) larvae under natural conditions. | 1984 | 6747082 | |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the dipteran haematobia irritans. | a strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be larvicidal to horn flies, haematobia irritans (l. [diptera:muscidae]). the toxic activity was particulate, appeared during sporulation, and could be prevented by the addition of streptomycin before sporulation. density gradient centrifugation in renografin was used to separate endospores, crystals, and low-density particulate matter (fraction 3) from sporulated preparations. larvicidal activity was restricted to purified cryst ... | 1984 | 6742837 |
| [sporulation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis during growth limitation via nutrient sources]. | the object of the work was to study the effect of limiting concentrations of glucose, yeast extract, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium on the growth, spore formation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. the deficiency of the above components was shown to interfere in no way with the processes of spore and crystal formation. however, the type of limiting substrate influenced the character of spore formation, the duration of different phases in the culture growth, th ... | 1984 | 6738387 |
| [efficacy of bactoculicide in controlling the larvae of malaria mosquitoes]. | 1984 | 6730348 | |
| laboratory and field evaluations of industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis against some mosquito species of central italy. | 1984 | 6725977 | |
| regulation of protoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | a derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd-1) formed parasporal inclusions at 25 degrees c, but not at 32 degrees c. this strain differed from the parent only in the loss of a 110-megadalton (md) plasmid, but plasmid and chromosomal copies of protoxin genes were present in both strains. on the basis of temperature shift experiments, the sensitive period appeared to be during midexponential growth, long before the time of protoxin synthesis at 3 to 4 h after the end of exponential ... | 1984 | 6725205 |
| [field trials of bac. thuringiensis berl. preparations on the larvae of anopheles atroparvus thiel. and culex modestus fic. mosquitoes. 2]. | 1984 | 6717381 | |
| a large transmissible plasmid is required for crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), serotype 14, which produces parasporal crystals toxic to certain dipteran larvae, was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and found to contain a complex plasmid array. eight plasmids were detected, with approximate sizes of 3.3, 4.2, 4.9, 10.6, 68, 75, 105, and 135 mda, as well as a plasmidlike linear dna element of approximately 10 mda. partially cured mutants of bti implicated the 75-mda plasmid in crystal production. fifteen independently iso ... | 1984 | 6709732 |
| [optimization of a synthetic nutrient medium for culturing bacillus thuringiensis]. | the requirement of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 for amino acids and vitamins was studied. the composition of a synthetic nutrient medium was optimized. alanine and nicotinic acid were found to be necessary for growth while other amino acids (aspartic and glutamic acids, histidine, threonine) were not indispensable although they increased the population density (yield). a deficiency as well as an excess of individual amino acids (threonine and glutamic acid) inhibited growth and d ... | 1984 | 6708844 |
| bioassay of solubilized bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by attachment to latex beads. | solubilized crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were 7000 times less toxic to aedes aegypti larvae than intact crystals, presumably because mosquito larvae are filter feeders and selectively concentrate particles while excluding water and soluble molecules. a procedure is described whereby soluble toxins are adsorbed to 0.8-micrometer latex beads, with retention of toxicity. the latex bead assay should make it possible to analyze the structure and mode of action of the mosquito t ... | 1984 | 6701520 |
| sampling culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) immatures on rice fields treated with combinations of mosquitofish and bacillus thuringiensis h-14 toxin. | 1983 | 6687471 | |
| [experiments with bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. i. isolation of protoplasts and their reversion to bacillary form]. | a method for protoplastization of crystal- and spore-forming bacillus thuringiensis bacterian and consequent cell wall regeneration on a solid hypertonic medium is presented. up to 50% of the protoplasts prepared were viable and formed colonies under special conditions; at the same time, less than 0,01% of the cells treated with lysozyme were resistant to the osmotic shock; bacterial autolytic system takes part in protoplasts formation. electron microscopic studies of protoplasts and cells confi ... | 1983 | 6683209 |
| [studies on the prolongation of mosquito larvicidal effect of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis]. | 1983 | 6675981 | |
| [pathogenesis of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in killing larva of mosquitoes and its application]. | 1983 | 6675863 | |
| small scale field trials with bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis h-14 strain against larvae of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. | 1983 | 6674325 | |
| [the effects of bacillus thuringiensis on the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleriidae)]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparation on the greater wax moth population have been investigated under laboratory conditions. b. thuringiensis isolated from commercial insecticidal formulations such as dipelr (abbott lab. usa), tribactur btb wp (fabrick von chemische production, holland), bactospein (laboratoire roger, france). the effective strain was used in this experiment. the applied concentrations of bacillus on the greater wax moth larvae are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram, ... | 1983 | 6669083 |
| utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | a number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against spodoptera littoralis, heliothis armigera, and spodoptera exigua. fodder yeast from dried cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from b. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki a ... | 1983 | 6666415 |
| [effect of temperature and aeration on bacillus thuringiensis growth and sporulation]. | the growth of bacillus thuringiensis was studied as a function of temperature and aeration. the vegetative growth, the yield of viable spores and their thermoresistance did not depend, for all practical purposes, on the rate of aeration within the range of 25 to 60 mg o2 per litre per minute. a rise of temperature from 20 to 35 degrees c doubled the titre of spores and increased their thermoresistance. when the temperature of cultivation was increased to 40 degrees c, the process of spore format ... | 1983 | 6664310 |
| [estimation of the spectrum of the aerial dispersion of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the present paper estimates the number of viable spores of bacillus thuringiensis per droplet and reveals the importance of this data to improve b. thuringiensis treatments. for a given diameter, droplets from futura formula contained two times more spores than droplets from the formulas used to date. it is preferable to have b. thuringiensis droplets larger than those of chemical insecticides. a grumman agcat aircraft calibrated to give the desired larger droplets resulted in successful b. thur ... | 1983 | 6661697 |
| [synthetic medium for cultivating bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 was cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 5 amino acids and nicotinic acid. the dynamics of the culture growth and amino acid assimilation were studied in this medium and in a medium containing yeast extract. the phase of spore germination increased, the yield decreased and the maximal growth rate became higher when the culture grew in the synthetic medium. the percentage of thermoresistant spores was slightly lower in the synthetic medium compa ... | 1983 | 6645997 |
| [action of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on cultured cells from aedes aegypti l]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin were investigated on a cell culture of aedes aegypti with the electron microscope. the ultrastructural changes following intoxication were: disintegration of endoplasmic reticula by the formation of spherical structures; condensation and then swelling of mitochondria with disappearance of internal cristae; frequent dilatation of the perinuclear space; cellular lysis. the action of a metabolic inhibitor, 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6 ... | 1983 | 6638755 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were killed by the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (onr-60a) when the crystals were introduced into the insect midgut as an enema. the 50% lethal dose for intact parasporal crystals was 0.21 microgram/mg of mosquito (wet weight), and for solubilized crystals the 50% lethal dose was 0.04 microgram/mg. these values were compared with 50% lethal concentrations in a free-feeding larval mosquito bioassay of 0.018 and 1.28 microgra ... | 1983 | 6625566 |
| ocular infection caused by a biological insecticide. | 1983 | 6619584 | |
| a small scale field trial with bacillus thuringiensis against culicine mosquitoes, kelang, malaysia. | bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (bti) against culicine mosquitoes was tried out in cement sullage drains in kelang municipal area at a dosage of 0.15 ppm. and 0.6 ppm. the results of the trial showed that at 0.15 ppm. the bti was not effective, but at 0.6 ppm. it was effective giving about 95% kill. there was no residual effect and treatment had to be repeated weekly. | 1983 | 6612413 |
| introduction to a standardized method for the evaluation of the potency of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 based products. | vector resistance and other constraints have necessitated consideration of the use of alternative materials and methods in an integrated approach to vector control. bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 is a promising biological control agent which acts as a conventional larvicide through its delta-endotoxin (active ingredient) and which now has to be suitably formulated for application in vector breeding habitats. the active ingredient in the formulations has so far not been chemically character ... | 1983 | 6601545 |
| some considerations on the safety evaluation of nonviral microbial pesticides. | the tactics and rationale of maximum challenge safety tests for nonviral microbial pesticides have been reviewed. maximum challenge tests and a tier approach to data collection for regulatory purposes offer the best opportunities to detect the acute effects of entomopathogenic organisms in mammals. premature condemnation of promising organisms that are based on incomplete results of maximum challenge tests must be avoided. further investigations should be conducted on the role of mammalian immun ... | 1983 | 6601535 |
| chromosomal mapping of bacillus thuringiensis by transduction. | three groups of linked markers were mapped in bacillus thuringiensis 4042b by using two-, three-, and four-factor crosses mediated by the temperate bacteriophages tp-13 and tp-18. the order of markers was (trp-11, trp-2)-(leu-1, leu-2)-his-1-(lys-1, lys-2)-cys-1 in the first group; met-1-(argcl, argol)-met-2-(pyr-1, pyra2) in the second group; and met-3-pur-1-(nal-1, nal-2)-str-1-(pur-2, pur-4)-pur-3 in the third group. electron microscopic measurements of head sizes suggested that the volume of ... | 1984 | 6583200 |
| [transduction of strains of bacillus thuringiensis serotype xiv]. | 1983 | 6578914 | |
| [bacteriocinogenic plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis]. | when strains of bacillus thuringiensis v. morrisoni or v. darmstadiensis were plated on solid medium, the appearance of oligosporogenic (ospo) mutants and bacteriocin non-producing clones (thc-) was observed. the comparative analysis of the plasmid content of original and mutant strains revealed that the appearance of ospo and thc- phenotypes correlated with the loss of certain plasmids. | 1984 | 6540726 |
| [intervariant transduction in bacillus thuringiensis]. | this report deals with intervariant transduction in strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp, dendrolimus and galleriae with bacteriophage tg13. this bacteriophage has a broad host range and is of a large dna molecular mass (40.3 md). transducing properties of this bacteriophage were studied in bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae using auxotrophic mutants requiring purine and pyrimidine bases or tryptophan as recipients. the frequency of transduction was 10(-5)-10(-6). in order to prove the pos ... | 1984 | 6538158 |
| the response of vaal river drift and benthos to simulium (diptera: nematocera) control using bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (h-14). | two trials to test the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. israelensis de barjac (serotype h-14) against target simuliid and non-target aquatic invertebrates were undertaken in the vaal river near warrenton in south africa. in the 1st trail an application of 1,6 ppm/10 min of b. thuringiensis resulted in a significant (p less than 0,05) reduction of simuliid larvae in rapids 70 m below the treatment point 40 hours after its application. further downstream the larvicide was ineffectu ... | 1984 | 6533506 |
| evaluation of bacillus sphaericus & b. thuringiensis h-14 for mosquito control in rice fields. | 1984 | 6532966 | |
| laboratory studies on the susceptibility of blattella germanica and periplaneta americana to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1984 | 6523178 | |
| impact of storage period & temperature on the larvicidal activity of bacterial pesticide formulations. | 1984 | 6519722 | |
| introduction of plasmid pc194 into bacillus thuringiensis by protoplast transformation and plasmid transfer. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194 which codes for resistance to chloramphenicol was introduced into six bacillus thuringiensis strains representing five varieties by protoplast transformation. six other varieties could not be transformed. pc194 could be identified in transformed strains as autonomous plasmid. the transformed clones contained in addition a new extrachromosomal element of somewhat lower electrophoretic mobility hybridizing with pc194, and pc194 in multimeric forms. pc194 was ... | 1984 | 6517655 |
| lectin grouping of bacillus thuringiensis serovars. | twelve lectins, 11 of plant and 1 of animal origin, were tested against the 28 serovars of bacillus thuringiensis to study their agglutinating specificities. except for the sialic specific lectin from limulus polyphemus, tube agglutination assays were performed using lectin concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 micrograms against 0.2 ml of 10(9) cells/ml in a final volume of 1.0 ml. the agglutination studies with the limulus lectin were performed using 10 and 50 micrograms of lectin. tubes were incu ... | 1984 | 6509391 |
| war against mosquito. | 1984 | 6503802 | |
| purification of the toxic protein from bacillus thuringiensis serotype 10 isolate demonstrating a preferential larvicidal activity to the mosquito. | 1984 | 6501918 | |
| acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis and characterization of the released enzyme. | the mode of acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocyte membranes by the action of phosphatidylinositol(pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. as regards intact erythrocytes, a larger amount of acetylcholinesterase was released from sheep or bovine erythrocytes than from horse erythrocytes. from horse erythrocyte ghosts, acetylcholinesterase was more easily released than from intact cells. bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase released by pi-specific ph ... | 1984 | 6501251 |
| laboratory and field trials with two bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for simulium(diptera: nematocera) control in a small polluted river in south africa. | the effects on simulium adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae of 2 bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products, the liquid formulation "teknar" (sandoz) and a powder formulation produced by the ben gurion university, israel, were compared in the laboratory and in the pienaars river. this river was heavily polluted with effluent from a nearby sewage works and contained 77 mg/l chloride. in the laboratory s. adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae showed 26; 48; 95 and 100% mortality 6 hours after a 10-m ... | 1984 | 6493728 |
| [comparative action of solubilized crystals of h-14 and h-1 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis on cultures of aedes aegypti cells]. | crystals isolated from bacillus thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis (h-1) and from serovar israelensis (h-14) were dissolved in sodium hydroxide, then tested in vitro on aedes aegypti cell cultures. toxic action was followed after morphological and metabolic alterations of the treated cells. only the israelensis sodium extract was toxic and gave cellular swelling, inhibition of cell growth and inhibition of labelled precursor incorporation, i. e. of 3h-thymidine, 3h-uridine and 3h-leucine. | 1984 | 6465742 |
| [biological insecticides: new weapons against the transmission of disease by vectors]. | 1981 | 6458310 | |
| [cytologic alterations induced in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) by zearalenone]. | zearalenone (f-2 toxin) an estrogenic mycotoxin secreted by some species of fusarium exhibits an antibacterial activity which can be easily demonstrated in gram-positive spore forming bacteria, especially in bacillus sp. morphologically abnormal cells were produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) in response to zearalenone. the most significant ultrastructural alterations obtained with the mycotoxin at 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/ml, are: increase of number of mesosomes which are hypertrophied, d ... | 1981 | 6454078 |
| biochemical genetics of the bacterial insect-control agent bacillus thuringiensis: basic principles and prospects for genetic engineering. | 1984 | 6443645 | |
| an improved enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection and quantification of the entomocidal parasporal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and israelensis. | an improved and simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection and quantification of parasporal crystalline toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the improved procedure involved pretreatment of the polystyrene cuvettes with glutaraldehyde before antibody coating. a direct comparison of treated and untreated cuvettes is provided. elisas were then used for the analysis of the entomocidal crystalline proteins in commercial and experimental formula ... | 1984 | 6442289 |
| [antibacterial and genotoxic properties of 33 mycotoxins]. | most of the 33 fungal metabolites tested provoke: bacterial growth inhibition of bacillus thuringiensis similar to lethal effect of antibiotics. positive response in the 'rec' assay using strains of bacillus subtilis; this fact shows that these toxins are dna modifying agents. enlargement of cell volume in the first bacteria species; this cell-abnormality induction resembles those obtained with mitomycin c. correlation between elongation of cells (filamentation) and in vivo carcinogenicity of my ... | 1984 | 6436709 |
| inhibition of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin. | on the basis of kinetic studies on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (ec 5.3.1.19) from six bacteria sources it has been shown that the epoxyamino acid anticapsin, a glutamine analog, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme in regard to glutamine with km value of 10(-4) m and ki varying from 10(-7) to 10(-6) m. unlike other glutamine analogs like 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, chloropentanoic acid, l-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid or albizziin, anticapsin is not generall ... | 1984 | 6430854 |
| glycosidase activities of bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis could be distinguished from the taxonomically related species b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. thuringiensis by a comparison of glycosidase activities. all the bacilli tested possessed alpha-glucosidase activity, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucoside. in b. anthracis, the glucosidase activity could be enhanced by the addition of agents which damage cellular surface structures. treatment of b. anthracis strains with toluene. triton x-100, or mutanolysi ... | 1984 | 6429187 |
| the inactivation of glucosamine synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin, the c-terminal epoxyamino acid of the antibiotic tetaine. | incubation of anticapsin with the purified glucosamine synthetase (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, amino transferring, ec 5.3.1.19) from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, arthrobacter aurescens and bacillus thuringiensis led to the formation of an inactive enzyme irreversibly modified. the inactivation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. the rate of the inactivation reaction at various concentrations of anticapsin exhibited saturation kinetics, implying ... | 1984 | 6426523 |
| entomopathogenic spore-formers from soil samples of mosquito habitats in northern nigeria. | spore-forming bacteria, isolated from bottom soil samples of periodical mosquito-breeding places in kaduna, n. nigeria, were tested for mosquito pathogenicity. culex pipiens autogenicus was used for this screening. five strains, all of the bacillus thuringiensis group, were active in 85 isolates from 32 samples. the isolates were from three different serotypes (h-14, h-5a5c, and h-8a8b). the activity, compared with the sip standard, was in the known limits of b. thuringiensis israelensis. | 1984 | 6426190 |
| [regulation of exoprotease synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1984 | 6425380 | |
| interspecies transduction of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. | bacteriophage cp-51, a generalized transducing phage for bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis, mediates transduction of plasmid dna. b. cereus gp7 harbors the 2.8-megadalton multicopy tetracycline resistance plasmid, pbc16. b. thuringiensis 4d11a carries pc194, the 1.8-megadalton multicopy chloramphenicol resistance plasmid. when phage cp-51 was propagated on these strains, it transferred the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistances to the nonvirulent weybridge (sterne) strain of b. ... | 1984 | 6421798 |
| characterization of inhibitor a, a protease from bacillus thuringiensis which degrades attacins and cecropins, two classes of antibacterial proteins in insects. | the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis produces an exoprotease, inhibitor a, at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. in vitro, the enzyme selectively destroys cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial proteins found in immune hemolymph from hyalophora cecropia. the specificity of this enzyme was investigated using cecropin a(1-33) and hplc for separation and characterization of the fragments obtained. a maximum of 12 different peptides were produced and their positions in the known ... | 1984 | 6421577 |
| [interspecific recombinants of bacillus thuringiensis x bacillus cereus]. | the possibility of interspecies recombination was shown by using protoplast fusion method. the bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strain 48s thi nic gua rifr strr and 56r gua rifr, and also bac. cereus carrying the plasmid pbc16 responsible for resistance to tetracycline (150 mcg/ml) were used. recombinants were selected on the medium containing rifampicin and tetracycline. they were shown to combine the properties of both parents. the majority of recombinants were resistant to phages tg4 and ... | 1983 | 6418614 |