Publications

[studies on anthrax in golden hamster].		1953	13152970
[studies on bactericidal and sporicidal effect of certain quaternary ammonium compounds on bacillus anthracis and on bacillus subtilis].		1954	13151433
[new formula of vaccine against anthrax bacteria].		1954	13150603
studies on a protective antigen produced in vitro from bacillus anthracis: purification and chemistry of the antigen.		1954	13149736
studies on a protective antigen produced in vitro from bacillus anthracis: medium and methods of production.		1954	13149735
[effect of peptone concentration on the culture and sporulation of bacillus anthracis].		1953	13148810
[role of the nervous system im immunogenesis in vaccination with dead bacterial cultures].		1954	13147507
[symptomatic anthrax of the face due to vibrio septicus].		1954	13145545
antibiotic therapy in anthrax.		1954	13142979
[studies on the prevention of occupational anthrax. 8. sanitation trials in tanneries].		1953	13137241
[spontaneous spherical transformation of bacillus anthracis].		1953	13135484
serious adverse events among participants in the centers for disease control and prevention's anthrax vaccine and antimicrobial availability program for persons at risk for bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax.	on 20 december 2001, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) initiated the anthrax vaccine and antibiotic availability program (hereafter, the "program") under an investigational new drug application with the us food and drug administration. this program provided options for additional preventive treatment for persons at risk for inhalation anthrax as a result of recent bioterrorism attacks who had concluded or were concluding a 60-day course of antimicrobial prophylaxis. participan ...	2003	13130401
[epidemiology of anthrax in eastern slovakia].		1953	13126990
the nature of the aggressions produced by bacillus anthracis growing in vivo.		1953	13126125
fractionation of the intracellular material of bacillus anthracis grown in vivo; the polysaccharide and polyglutamic acid.		1953	13126124
[bacterial differential diagnosis of the anthrax by means of a new specific test called the string-of perls-test].		1953	13123285
anthrax.		1953	13120622
anthrax meningo-encephalitis.		1953	13116927
anthrax in animals and its relationship to the disease in man.		1953	13113623
[anthrax in diabetics].		1953	13107496
the chemical basis of the virulence of bacillus anthracis. ii. some biological properties of bacterial products.		1953	13106215
the chemical basis of the virulence of bacillus anthracis. i. properties of bacteria grown in vivo and preparation of extracts.		1953	13106214
a method for collecting bacteria and their products from infections in experimental animals, with special reference to bacillus anthracis.		1953	13106213
structure of poly-d-glutamic acid isolated from capsulated strains of b. anthracis.		1953	13099252
[less frequent microbic dermatoses; erysipeloid, acute ulcer of the vulva, pseudoanthrax].		1953	13098202
dried bones as a source of anthrax.		1953	13098118
studies on respiratory infection. i. the influence of particle size on respiratory infection with anthrax spores.		1953	13096744
[effect of lysozyme on bacillus anthracis].		1953	13093822
on the chemical structure of the capsule of b. anthracis and b. megatherium.		1953	13091902
[therapy of anthrax].		1953	13085926
[escherichia coli and bacillus anthracis antagonism].		1953	13079149
synthesis of glutamic acid and glutamyl polypeptide by bacillus anthracis. iii. factors affecting peptide production in synthetic liquid media.		1953	13069404
[effect of lysozyme on bacillus anthracis].		1952	13059091
the effect of dielectric heat on anthrax spores under feed bag processing plant conditions.		1953	13050898
bacillus anthracis; observations on in vitro sensitivity to seven antibiotics with a comment on therapeutic implications.		1953	13050176
anthrax in the united states.		1953	13047539
occupation and health.		1953	13046762
anthrax; response to terramycin therapy.		1953	13044686
[anthrax of the kidney; contribution to diagnosis and therapy].		1953	13031833
[anthrax of the eyelid].		1952	13028584
epidemiological and control aspects of anthrax.		1953	13027531
treatment of anthrax, botulism, snakebite and mushroom poisoning.		1953	13025356
variation of bacillus anthracis with special reference to the non-capsulated avirulent variant.		1952	13022960
anthrax-an interesting case.		1952	13022478
[in vivo effect of magnesium marrubylmarrubinate on experimental anthrax in the chicken and in vitro effect on bacillus anthracis].		1952	13020164
[investigations in control of occupational anthrax. vii. effects of aliphatic carbonic acids and of hydrorhodanic acid on anthrax spores].		1952	13015973
[anthrax of the liver].		1952	13014514
management of an outbreak of anthrax.		1952	13011232
anthrax.		1952	13001187
recovery from anthrax meningitis.		1952	12999343
[rare case of meningitis from bacillus anthracis].		1952	12998979
[birefrigence in cultures of bacillus anthracis].		1952	12998614
[bacterial spores and liberation of heat by nucleotides].		1952	12994634
[clinical radiology of anthrax of the kidney].		1952	12987163
[culture of bacillus anthracis in a calcium medium and in an oxalate medium].		1952	12986343
occurrence of anthrax bacilli in the carpet-wool industry in the united states.		1952	12984853
anthrax in ohio swine.		1952	12983555
[case of anthrax; unknown origin; aureomycin and terramycin therapy; recovery].		1952	12978761
[confronting bioterrorism: epidemiologic, clinical, and preventive aspects of smallpox].	the worldwide eradication of smallpox, a major achievement in public health, is currently threatened by the risk of bioterrorism. the debate on the destruction of the variola virus in the two reference laboratories of the world health organization has dramatically switched to the preservation of the remaining virus after the september 2001 terrorist events in the u.s. along with the intentional release of bacillus anthracis in the u.s. the risk of intentional release of variola virus constitutes ...	2003	12974047
biodefense: medicine in the time of bioterrorism.		2003	12973895
mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene-2 result in the allelic disorders juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis.	juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (jhf) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ish) are autosomal recessive syndromes of unknown etiology characterized by multiple, recurring subcutaneous tumors, gingival hypertrophy, joint contractures, osteolysis, and osteoporosis. both are believed to be allelic disorders; ish is distinguished from jhf by its more severe phenotype, which includes hyaline deposits in multiple organs, recurrent infections, and death within the first 2 years of life. using the previousl ...	2003	12973667
a poor experience with anthrax.		2003	12973260
anthrax scare in buncombe county. a lesson in the basics of bioterrorism preparedness.		2002	12970972
preparing for bioterrorism in north carolina.		2002	12970969
control and prevention of emerging zoonoses.	emerging and re-emerging zoonoses are zoonotic diseases caused by either totally new or partially new agents or by microorganisms previously known but now occurring in places or in species where the disease was previously unknown. zoonotic diseases account for the majority of all emerging infectious diseases. several factors have led to the emergence of these infections, including human demographics, the industrialization of food production, globalization, international travel and commerce, land ...	2003	12970860
rapid and effective detection of anthrax spores in soil by pcr.	to detect bacillus anthracis dna from soil using rapid and simple procedures.	2003	12969286
identifying and subtyping species of dangerous pathogens by automated ribotyping.	an investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rrna operon ribotyping (riboprinter system) to identify species. a total of 26 isolates comprising bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., burkholderia mallei, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis were tested using restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, pvuii and asei. the main problem was that the system's database-relying on ecori as restriction enzyme-does not contain the essential dange ...	2003	12967744
nonhemolytic, nonmotile gram-positive rods indicative of bacillus anthracis.	we report a 40-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital because of a left ovarian mass torsion. a nonhemolytic, nonmotile bacillus, suspicious of bacillus anthracis, was isolated from a blood culture. we discuss the evaluation that led to the final identification of the bacterium as b. megaterium.	2003	12967505
detecting bioterror attacks by screening blood donors: a best-case analysis.	to assess whether screening blood donors could provide early warning of a bioterror attack, we combined stochastic models of blood donation and the workings of blood tests with an epidemic model to derive the probability distribution of the time to detect an attack under assumptions favorable to blood donor screening. comparing the attack detection delay to the incubation times of the most feared bioterror agents shows that even under such optimistic conditions, victims of a bioterror attack wou ...	2003	12967486
summaries for patients. screening for inhalational anthrax after a bioterrorist attack.		2003	12965957
a triage algorithm for inhalational anthrax.		2003	12965947
accuracy of screening for inhalational anthrax after a bioterrorist attack.	bioterrorism using anthrax claimed five lives in the united states in 2001 and remains a potential public health threat. in the aftermath of a large-scale anthrax attack, mass screening to identify early inhalational anthrax may improve both the management of individual cases and the efficiency of health resource utilization.	2003	12965942
a pcr-based anthrax detector.		2003	12964729
an enzymatic electrochemiluminescence assay for the lethal factor of anthrax.	the lethal factor (lf) of anthrax toxin is the toxic component of the exotoxin (lethal toxin) secreted by toxic strains of bacillus anthracis. the lethal factor is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease that specifically cleaves the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mapkk) family of enzymes. we took advantage of this substrate specificity to develop an electrochemiluminescence (ecl) peptide cleavage assay. the ecl assay uses the stable ruthenium (ru) metal chelate that, in the presence of tripr ...	2003	12963063
cutaneous anthrax.		2002	12962591
a devastating case of severe cutaneous anthrax in a sicilian shepherd.		2003	12960892
a dually active anthrax vaccine that confers protection against both bacilli and toxins.	systemic anthrax is caused by unimpeded bacillar replication and toxin secretion. we developed a dually active anthrax vaccine (daav) that confers simultaneous protection against both bacilli and toxins. daav was constructed by conjugating capsular poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid (pga) to protective antigen (pa), converting the weakly immunogenic pga to a potent immunogen, and synergistically enhancing the humoral response to pa. pga-specific antibodies bound to encapsulated bacilli and promoted the ...	2003	12960361
responding to a bioterrorist attack: environmental investigation of anthrax in new jersey.	a bioterrorism attack using the united states postal system to deliver a hazardous biological agent to specific targets created multiple environmental and occupational exposure risks along the path of the anthrax-containing letters. on october 18, 2001, a suspected case of cutaneous anthrax was confirmed in a postal worker from the trenton processing and distribution center where at least four suspect letters were postmarked. over the next three weeks, a team of investigators collected samples a ...	2003	12959889
md simulations of anthrax edema factor: calmodulin complexes with mutations in the edema factor "switch a" region and docking of 3'-deoxy atp into the adenylyl cyclase active site of wild-type and mutant edema factor variants.	bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming infectious bacterium, produces an exotoxin, called the edema factor (ef), that functions in part by disrupting internal signalling pathways. when complexed with human host cell calmodulin (cam), ef becomes an active adenylyl cyclase, producing the internal signal substance cyclic-amp in an uncontrolled fashion. recently, the crystal structures for uncomplexed ef and ef:cam complexes in the presence and absence of a substrate analog (3'-deoxy-atp), were reporte ...	2003	12956602
phage therapy: a reappraisal of bacteriophages as antibiotics.	the concept of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections was born with the discovery of the bacteriophage almost a century ago. after a chequered history, its current renaissance is fueled by the dangerous appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a global scale. as a mark of this renewed interest, the unanswered problems of phage therapy are now being addressed, especially for human use. phage therapy in the agricultural, food-processing and fishery industries is already being successful ...	2003	12956433
bacillus anthracis diversity in the far east of russia.		2003	12954974
morphology of the type strain of bacillus anthracis ey 3169t=atcc 14578t grown either aerobically or anaerobically on agar plates--observation by light and laser microscopes.	growth characteristics including cell-arrangement of the type strain of bacillus anthracis ey 3169t=atcc 14578t grown on agar plates in level 3 laboratory were observed by both light and laser microscopes. small daughter colonies appeared on parent colonies grown on 5% sheep blood or chocolate agar plates after 12 days incubation at room temperature. daughter colonies, stained by wirtz-conklin method, were composed with vegetative cells and spores. growth of daughter colonies might be supported ...	2003	12953842
bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces tnf-alpha-independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice.	bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (lt) is the major virulence factor of anthrax and reproduces most of the laboratory manifestations of the disease in animals. we studied lt toxicity in balb/cj and c57bl/6j mice. balb/cj mice became terminally ill earlier and with higher frequency than c57bl/6j mice. timed histopathological analysis identified bone marrow, spleen, and liver as major affected organs in both mouse strains. lt induced extensive hypoxia. crisis was due to extensive liver necrosis acco ...	2003	12952916
the host response to anthrax lethal toxin: unexpected observations.	bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is believed to induce disease and death in humans in an endotoxic shock-like manner. a comprehensive study of the effects of anthrax toxin in mice demonstrates that toxin-induced death is mediated not by cytokine release, as previously thought, but by hypoxia-induced liver failure. the study strongly suggests that the therapies developed for treatment of cytokine-mediated septic shock will not be appropriate for the treatment of anthrax.	2003	12952914
systemic and mucosal antibody responses following retroductal gene transfer to the salivary gland.	gene transfer to salivary glands by retrograde perfusion of the salivary duct has been shown to result in production of the encoded protein. we sought to determine if this technique would be useful for genetic immunization. in studies that compare delivery of dna to either the salivary gland (sg) or muscle (im), mean plasma igg and iga titers obtained following sg delivery were 46- and 86-fold greater, respectively, than those following im delivery. we also tested the hypothesis that sg vaccinat ...	2003	12946312
fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies on anthrax lethal toxin.	anthrax lethal toxin is a binary bacterial toxin consisting of two proteins, protective antigen (pa) and lethal factor (lf), that self-assemble on receptor-bearing eukaryotic cells to form toxic, non-covalent complexes. pa(63), a proteolytically activated form of pa, spontaneously oligomerizes to form ring-shaped heptamers that bind lf and translocate it into the cell. site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute cysteine for each of three residues (n209, e614 and e733) at various levels on ...	2003	12935906
the statistical analysis of truncated data: application to the sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak.	an outbreak of anthrax occurred in the city of sverdlovsk in russia in the spring of 1979. the outbreak was due to the inhalation of spores that were accidentally released from a military microbiology facility. in response to the outbreak a public health intervention was mounted that included distribution of antibiotics and vaccine. the objective of this paper is to develop and apply statistical methodology to analyse the sverdlovsk outbreak, and in particular to estimate the incubation period o ...	2001	12933552
[clinical course of pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area similar to anthrax manifestations].		2003	12931428
bioterrorism: preparing for the unthinkable.	terrorism is not a new concept but our need to prepare for the effects of bioterrorism has achieved a particular urgency. the use of biological agents provides a new set of challenges to professional caregivers, emergency personnel and governments. these agents are generally not readily identified through the senses, have delayed effects and have the power to generate fear and panic. they are also intended to demonstrate that governments and other organisations are not able to protect their citi ...	2003	12929520
anthrax: a review for the medical officer.		2003	12929516
automated syndromic surveillance for the 2002 winter olympics.	the 2002 olympic winter games were held in utah from february 8 to march 16, 2002. following the terrorist attacks on september 11, 2001, and the anthrax release in october 2001, the need for bioterrorism surveillance during the games was paramount. a team of informaticists and public health specialists from utah and pittsburgh implemented the real-time outbreak and disease surveillance (rods) system in utah for the games in just seven weeks. the strategies and challenges of implementing such a ...	2003	12925547
[analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors].	information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ...	2002	12924012
comparison of individual and combination dna vaccines for b. anthracis, ebola virus, marburg virus and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.	multiagent dna vaccines for highly pathogenic organisms offer an attractive approach for preventing naturally occurring or deliberately introduced diseases. few animal studies have compared the feasibility of combining unrelated gene vaccines. here, we demonstrate that dna vaccines to four dissimilar pathogens that are known biowarfare agents, bacillus anthracis, ebola (ebov), marburg (marv), and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), can elicit protective immunity in relevant animal model ...	2003	12922144
regulation of the g2/m transition in oocytes of xenopus tropicalis.	the molecular events regulating hormone-induced oocyte activation and meiotic maturation are probably best understood in xenopus laevis. in x. laevis, progesterone activates the g2-arrested oocyte, induces entry into m phase of meiosis i (mi) and resumption of the meiotic cell cycles, and leads to the formation of a mature, fertilizable egg. oocytes of xenopus tropicalis offer several practical advantages over those of x. laevis, including faster and more synchronous meiotic cell cycle progressi ...	2003	12921744
pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis).	anthrax is considered a serious biowarfare and bioterrorism threat because of its high lethality, especially by the inhalation route. rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) are the most commonly used nonhuman primate model of human inhalation anthrax exposure. the nonavailability of rhesus macaques necessitated development of an alternate model for vaccine testing and immunologic studies. this report describes the median lethal dose (ld(50)) and pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus macaques ( ...	2003	12920249
[preparation of gene chip probes for bacillus anthracis protective antigen].	to study the method for rapid preparation of the gene chip probes for bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pag).	2003	12919907
bioterrorism: a new frontier for drug discovery and development.	only a few years ago bioterrorism was considered a remote concern but today it has reached the forefront of the public imagination following recent terrorist attacks around the world. the disaster of september 11 2001, followed by anthrax letters sent via the us postal system, and now the renewed tension in the middle east, have all brought the possibility of bioterrorism a little closer to reality. a number of biological agents could be used in a terrorist attack, including anthrax, botulinum, ...	2003	12917773
terahertz imaging: t-ray specs.		2003	12917655
application of comparative genomics in the identification and analysis of novel families of membrane-associated receptors in bacteria.	a great diversity of multi-pass membrane receptors, typically with 7 transmembrane (tm) helices, is observed in the eukaryote crown group. so far, they are relatively rare in the prokaryotes, and are restricted to the well-characterized sensory rhodopsins of various phototropic prokaryotes.	2003	12914674
comprehensive aligned sequence construction for automated design of effective probes (cascade-p) using 16s rdna.	motivation: prokaryotic organisms have been identified utilizing the sequence variation of the 16s rrna gene. variations steer the design of dna probes for the detection of taxonomic groups or specific organisms. the long-term goal of our project is to create probe arrays capable of identifying 16s rdna sequences in unknown samples. this necessitated the authentication, categorization and alignment of the >75 000 publicly available '16s' sequences. preferably, the entire process should be comput ...	2003	12912825