Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro susceptibility of the opportunistic fungus cryptococcus neoformans to anthelmintic benzimidazoles. | ten benzimidazole derivatives and amphotericin b were tested in vitro against three isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. drug concentrations inhibiting 50% of growth (ic50s) were determined. four derivatives, including mebendazole and albendazole, had moderately high activities (ic50 = 0.1 to 0.3 microgram/ml). fenbendazole, however, was 10-fold more active (ic50 = 0.01 to 0.02 microgram/ml) and also 2-fold more active than amphotericin b. ten additional clinical isolates of c. neoformans were t ... | 1994 | 8192471 |
| treatment of murine candidiasis and cryptococcosis with amphotericin b incorporated into egg lecithin-bile salt mixed micelles. | amphotericin b (amb) with deoxycholate (fungizone) and amb incorporated into mixed micelles (amb-mixms) composed of egg lecithin with glycocholate, deoxycholate, or taurocholate were compared as treatments for murine infections. for mice infected with candida albicans, treatment consisted of a single intravenous injection; for mice infected with cryptococcus neoformans, treatment consisted of two intravenous injections. the maximal tolerated doses of amb as fungizone were 1.25 mg/kg of body weig ... | 1994 | 8192455 |
| initial diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. a case report. | fine needle aspiration of the thyroid was performed on a patient with an enlarged, solid gland, revealing numerous budding yeasts of cryptococcus neoformans. special stains and culture confirmed the organism. this unexpected finding led to the diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1994 | 8191836 |
| [pleural effusion as the only manifestation of cryptococcosis in an aids patient]. | cryptococcosis is often seen in immunodeficient patients, including those with aids. it usually affects mainly the respiratory tract and central nervous system. we present a rare case of pleural involvement with no sign of disease at other sites. a review of the literature yields only three other similar cases. we discuss the diverse clinical manifestations of cryptococcosis, particularly those found in the respiratory tract. | 1994 | 8186911 |
| gene arrangement and sequence of the 5s rrna in filobasidiella neoformans (cryptococcus neoformans) as a phylogenetic indicator. | we cloned the 5s rrna gene and determined its organization in the four genes encoding rrnas in a ribosomal dna repeat unit of filobasidiella neoformans, the teleomorph of cryptococcus neoformans. the 5s rrna gene contained 118 nucleotides and was located 1 kb upstream from the 18s rrna gene within the 8.6-kb fragment of the ribosomal dna repeat unit. the sequence of the 5s rrna gene from f. neoformans was more similar to the sequence of the 5s rrna gene from tremella mesenterica than to the sequ ... | 1994 | 8186086 |
| detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed that was capable of detecting a wide range of medically important fungi from clinical specimens. the primer pair was designed in conserved sequences of 18s-ribosomal rna genes shared by most fungi. the lower limit of detection of this pcr technique was 1 pg of candida albicans genomic dna by ethidium bromide staining and 100 fg after southern analysis. a 687-bp product was amplified successfully by pcr from all 78 strains of 25 medically imp ... | 1994 | 8176723 |
| intramedullary cryptococcal granuloma of spinal cord: a case report. | the budding yeast, cryptococcus neoformans, is widely distributed throughout the world and causes opportunistic and non-contagious infections in man. involvement of the central nervous system has been found in 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis, and meningitis or meningoencephalitis are the most common manifestations. space-occupying cryptococcal granuloma, on the other hand, is infrequently encountered in the brain and extremely rare in the spinal cord. seven cases of spinal torulomas (cr ... | 1994 | 8174002 |
| cutaneous involvement with cryptococcus neoformans in aids. | patients infected with hiv are susceptible to many opportunistic fungal infections. cryptococcus neoformans infection is particularly common in patients with aids. we describe a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis resembling molluscum contagiosum and review the typical cutaneous manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis. a synopsis of case reports in the english literature is also presented. | 1994 | 8169258 |
| production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human leukocytes stimulated by cryptococcus neoformans. | tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is a key mediator of inflammation and may promote human immunodeficiency virus replication in latently infected cells. since cryptococcosis often is associated with aberrations in the host inflammatory response and occurs preferentially in persons with aids, we defined the conditions under which human leukocytes produce tnf-alpha when stimulated by cryptococcus neoformans. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) produced comparable amounts of tnf-alpha f ... | 1994 | 8168965 |
| polysaccharide antigens of the capsule of cryptococcus neoformans. | the major significance of the capsular polysaccharide of c. neoformans is its role in potentiating opportunistic infections by the yeast. it has the ability to exert a broad spectrum of influences on the immune response, from activation of phagocytic cells and complement components of the alternative pathway, to the induction of specific antibody, t-suppressor cells, dth responses, and cytokines (51). these biological properties along with the serotype specificities are all determined by the phy ... | 1994 | 8168912 |
| toxicity of cotton phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. | the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins desoxyhemigossypol, desoxymethoxyhemigossypol, and hemigossypolone formed in cotton (gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense) stem xylem infected with verticillium dahliae were shown to be highly toxic to zoopathogenic fungi. this appears to be the first study of the toxicity of terpenoid phytoalexins to zoopathogenic fungi. the toxicities of the phytoalexins expressed as mic (micrograms ml-1) values were 8 to 128 against four isolates of candida albicans and one is ... | 1993 | 8167949 |
| [supportive therapy during radiochemotherapy--prevention and therapy of infections]. | in current radiooncology the consistent use of best supportive care during aggressive combined treatment protocols is indispensible. presently the optimal management of fever in granulocytopenic patients is controversially discussed. | 1994 | 8165516 |
| cryptococcal meningitis in lilongwe and blantyre, malawi. | infection with human immunodeficiency virus is widespread in malawi and cryptococcal meningitis is a common problem in those with aids. a review of microbiology laboratory records in lilongwe and blantyre between july 1991 and january 1993 identified 31 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. diagnosis was based on a positive india ink stain of csf and/or culture of cryptococcus neoformans. there were 16 men (median age 38 years) and 15 women (median age 28 years) in the investigation. the median ... | 1994 | 8163834 |
| [septicemic cutaneous localization of cryptococcosis following renal transplantation in a female]. | cryptococcosis is a systemic disease caused by the yeast-like fungus cryptococcus neoformans. cutaneous manifestations, although rare, may precede other organ involvements. a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis is described herein. the skin lesions in our patient (a 47-year old female with renal transplant) consisted of acute cellulitis over her left and right thighs, revealing a septicemic infection. the patient received immunosuppressive drugs (prednisone, azathioprine). clinical, mycological and ... | 1993 | 8161115 |
| clinical comparison of the baxter microscan yeast identification panel and the vitek yeast biochemical card. | to determine the reliability of the baxter microscan yeast identification panel, processed by the walkaway-96, and the vitek yeast biochemical card, 150 clinical yeast isolates (30 candida albicans, 67 candida species, not albicans, 26 torulopsis glabrata, 13 cryptococcus neoformans, 4 saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6 trichosporon beigelii, 3 rhodotorula species, and 1 geotrichum species) were tested on both systems. results were compared with those obtained by the api 20c and the appearance of yeast ... | 1994 | 8160633 |
| turbidimetric and visual criteria for determining the in vitro activity of six antifungal agents against candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans. | the drug concentration which inhibited 50% of growth (ic50), the lowest drug concentration at which growth was less than 30% of that in a positive control well (ic30), the visual minimal inhibitory concentration (mic), and the minimum fungicidal concentration (mfc), were applied to study the effects of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, flucytosine, and amphotericin b against 36 isolates of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans by a broth microdilution technique. when the re ... | 1993 | 8159215 |
| the isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon droppings and serotyping of naturally and clinically sourced isolates in china. | this is the first report on the isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon droppings in china and their serotypes. c. neoformans colonies which produced brown colonies on caffeic acid-cornmeal agar were found in twenty-five out of thirty-six samples of pigeon droppings. fifty-one colonies randomly picked from the positive samples were identified as c. neoformans by a commercially available kit for carbon source assimilation test and christensen's urea agar. forty (78%) out of the 51 strain ... | 1993 | 8159213 |
| amphotericin b lipid complex in the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis and disseminated candidosis. | in the quest for safer and more effective antifungal agents, amphotericin b (amb) has been placed in a variety of lipid preparations. in this study, we examined the efficacy of amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) on experimental cryptococcal meningitis and disseminated candidosis. this formulation is relatively safe compared to the parent compound, and therefore doses ten times greater than the commercial amphotericin b deoxycholate can be given to rabbits. although at equal doses the ablc prepa ... | 1994 | 8157577 |
| clinical isolates of hiv-associated cryptococcosis in nairobi, kenya. | 1994 | 8154014 | |
| cd8 cells play a critical role in delayed type hypersensitivity to intact cryptococcus neoformans. | although cell-mediated immunity is critical for optimal host defense to c. neoformans, the role of t lymphocyte subsets is complex and poorly understood. cd8 cells are important both for optimal host defense against c. neoformans, and for expression of delayed type hypersensitivity (dth). because host defense correlates with the ability to mount a dth response to c. neoformans, the current studies were performed to determine the mechanism by which cd8 cells participate in dth. mice were immunize ... | 1994 | 8144964 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in tropical northern australia: predominantly variant gattii with good outcomes. | infection with cryptococcus neoformans is common in the northern territory of australia. disease is life threatening and treatment is prolonged and often complicated by the need for surgery and difficulties with medical therapy. | 1993 | 8141697 |
| cryptococcal ventricular-peritoneal shunt infection: clinical and epidemiological evaluation of two closely associated cases. | to determine the cause of meningitis associated with cryptococcus neoformans in two patients with recent ventricular-peritoneal (vp) shunt placement. | 1993 | 8132998 |
| phagocytosis of medically important yeasts by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | phagocytosis is a critical function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the control of mycotic infections. by using a modified fluorescence quenching assay to distinguish between attached and ingested organisms, we determined the percent phagocytosis of several medically important yeasts. the percentages of phagocytosis of serum-opsonized candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, and torulopsis glabrata were all comparable at 37 degrees c. by comparison, there was significantly ... | 1994 | 8132358 |
| fluconazole-resistant cryptococcus neoformans var gattii in an aids patient. | we describe a case of meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans var gattii in an aids patient. the reasons for the observed predominance of c. neoformans var neoformans infections in aids patients living in areas endemic for the gattii variety are not understood thus far. treatment with fluconazole resulted in poor clinical and mycological response. in vitro sensitivity testing of the fungus revealed high minimal inhibitory concentrations, suggesting fluconazole resistance. treatment with amphot ... | 1993 | 8128821 |
| microbial contaminants found in low egg passage rabies vaccine used in nigeria. | bacteriological and mycological examinations (cultural and biochemical characteristics) identified 4 pathogenic organisms as contaminants in 6 out of 7 lep batch 20 rabies vaccines produced 1990 in nigeria. cryptococcus neoformans and penicillium spp. were isolated from 5 vaccine samples, while one sample additionally also contained rhizopus and pseudomonas. one vaccine sample was negative for microbial contaminants. improper conditions of vaccine production and storage are discussed. | 1993 | 8128801 |
| unique oligonucleotide primers in pcr for identification of cryptococcus neoformans. | on the basis of a comparison of rrna sequences coding the internal transcribed spacer (its) and 5.8s regions of filobasidiella neoformans, the teleomorph of cryptococcus neoformans, and members of its most closely related taxa, unique oligonucleotides were designed for the specific amplification of dna only from c. neoformans. various combinations of these primers, designated cn4, cn5, and cn6, and the previously described fungal primers its1 and its2 were tested in pcr for their ability to ampl ... | 1994 | 8126194 |
| deep mycoses and palatal perforation with granulomatous pansinusitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case reports. | palatal perforation with granulomatous pansinusitis caused by deep mycotic infection is a rare complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. two cases of palatal ulceration with osseous destruction, one caused by histoplasma capsulatum the other by cryptococcus neoformans, are discussed. treatment with a palatal obturator restored function and speech in both patients during the remainder of their lives. | 1993 | 8121990 |
| [pulmonary cryptococcosis treated by combination therapy of fluconazole plus flucytosine]. | the efficacy of the combination therapy of fluconazole plus flucytosine against pulmonary cryptococcosis was investigated. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents were measured by growth inhibition on yeast-morphology agar plates, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index of each antifungal combination were calculated by checker-board titration. eight of cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates showed sensitivity for amph, 5-fc, mcz and itz. c. neoformans showed resis ... | 1993 | 8121088 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans chemotyping. review of the literature. new epidemiologic data on cryptococcosis. our experience with the use of c.g.b. media in the study of this yeast]. | the purpose of this work was to collect the main information from the literature about the biotyping of cryptococcus neoformans. the more up-to date research concerning the epidemiology of cryptococcosis comprising quite a few articles, mainly after the advent of aids, was also reviewed. the cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and gattii are well defined biochemically nowadays chiefly through the c.g.b. medium, according to kwon-chung et al. (1982). the isolation of c. neoformans var. g ... | 1993 | 8115818 |
| [cryptococcal meningitis in pregnancy. review of the literature. report of 2 cases]. | two cases of neurocryptococcosis were diagnosed during pregnancy in são paulo (brazil). amphotericin b was used in the second trimester in one patient. the other, received amphotericin b during the first trimester of pregnancy and 5-fluorocytosine was added in the second trimester. in both, the pregnancy was uneventful and the fetus suffered no damage. the therapy used to treat pregnant women with cryptococcal meningitis is commented. the newborn follow-up is discussed. a review of the literatur ... | 1993 | 8115798 |
| cryptococcal meningitis: the place of itraconazole. | itraconazole, an orally active broad-spectrum triazole antimycotic, has demonstrated anti-cryptococcus activity in vitro and in animal models of cryptococcal meningitis. the drug has been used by a number of clinical groups for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, predominantly in aids patients. a problem that has been found with ketoconazole is the relatively low absorption of the drug in aids patients. this has resulted in ketoconazole plasma levels below the mic90 (1-5 micrograms ml-1) n ... | 1993 | 8114801 |
| pyrolysis typing of isolates from a recurrence of systemic cryptococcosis. | cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed in a 71-year-old male diabetic patient with underlying ischaemic heart disease, asthma and bilateral axillo-femoral vascular grafts. after treatment with fluconazole for 2 months, the patient appeared to be cured. two years later he presented with an aneurysm of the right graft that was resected and replaced with a new graft segment. cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was grown from post-operative blood cultures and samples of the excised graft. the pat ... | 1994 | 8114065 |
| monoclonal antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide modify the course of intravenous infection in mice. | immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the capsular glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) were studied for their ability to modify the course of intravenous cryptococcus neoformans infection in mice. a/j mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mg of either a gxm-binding igg1 mab (2h1 or 2d10 gamma 1) or the irrelevant isotype-matched control mab 36-65 prior to intravenous infection. parameters used to study antibody efficacy were lung and brain tissue fungal burden, lung and brain ... | 1994 | 8112842 |
| cryptococcal antigen detection from the urine of aids patients. | cryptococcal disease occurs in < or = 10% of aids patients. detection of the capsular polysaccharide antigen of the yeast in spinal fluid or serum is used to establish the diagnosis. in addition, cryptococcal antigen (cag) analysis is used to adjust treatment and evaluate recurrence of active disease. a specimen such as urine, obtained noninvasively, would be optimum for this evaluation. urine, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and serum for cag analysis, and culture of urine and csf, were obtained for ... | 1993 | 8112028 |
| fungicidal properties of defensin np-1 and activity against cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. | defensin np-1, derived from the neutrophils of rabbits, was tested for its fungistatic and fungicidal activity against strains of cryptococcus neoformans. the mics for the encapsulated strains tested ranged from 3.75 to 15.0 micrograms of np-1 per ml. the minimum fungicidal concentrations for these strains were similar to the mics. an acapsular strain, however, had a lower mic of 0.93 and minimum fungicidal concentration of 1.88 micrograms/ml. np-1 demonstrated time-dependent and concentration-d ... | 1993 | 8109927 |
| t-cell-dependent and t-cell-independent mechanisms of tolerance to glucuronoxylomannan of cryptococcus neoformans serotype a. | glucuronoxylomannan (gxm), a type 2 t-independent antigen, is the major component of the capsular polysaccharide (cncap) of cryptococcus neoformans. previous studies have described the tolerogenic effects of high doses of cncap on the specific humoral response. in this investigation, evidence for both high-dose and low-dose tolerance to gxm is presented. balb/cby female mice, primed with either 5 ng or 50 micrograms of gxm, then coimmunized 3 days later with immunogenic doses of both gxm and typ ... | 1993 | 8095924 |
| persistence of initial infection in recurrent cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. | patients with cryptococcal meningitis tend to have recurrences of infection. although the original strain of cryptococcus neoformans is assumed to persist in recurrent infections, this assumption has not been tested. southern blot hybridisation with two genomic dna probes and pulsed-field electrophoresis of intact chromosomes were used to investigate the genetic relation between initial and relapse isolates of c neoformans from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis. eleven isolates wer ... | 1993 | 8094831 |
| specificity of the thioester-containing reactive site of human c3 and its significance to complement activation. | the specificity of the thioester-containing site in three plasma proteins is regulated by elements of their protein structures other than the thioester bond itself. human c4a and alpha 2-macroglobulin preferentially form amide linkages while human c3 primarily forms ester linkages with hydroxyl groups. we have examined the thioester in c3 and found evidence of strong preferences for certain carbohydrates, indications of selectivity for specific positions on those carbohydrates and a preference f ... | 1994 | 8092994 |
| transthoracic needle aspiration in the study of pulmonary infections in patients with hiv. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic aspiration with an ultrathin needle in the microbiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infections in hiv-infected patients. | 1994 | 8082342 |
| purification and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from cryptococcus neoformans: identification as "nothing dehydrogenase". | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) was purified from cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomyceteous yeast that is an opportunistic pathogen of aids patients. the enzyme had a subunit molecular weight of 5 x 10(4), a specific activity of 50 units mg-1, and km values for nadp and glucose-6-phosphate of 1.6 and 24 microm, respectively. the enzyme catalyzed the dehydrogenation of glucose, in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide, with km of 5 mm and vmax 10% of that with glucose-6-phosphate. p ... | 1994 | 8080277 |
| measurement of cryptococcal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid: value in the management of aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis. | the value of monitoring titers of cryptococcal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) during therapy for aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis was evaluated. baseline and final titers of antigen in serum and csf from participants in two studies of such therapy were categorized as increased (a rise of at least two dilutions), unchanged, or decreased (a fall of at least two dilutions). there was no correlation between outcome and changes in serum titers of cryptococcal antigen during tre ... | 1994 | 8075272 |
| case report: cutaneous manifestations of cryptococcosis. | cutaneous cryptococcosis usually is associated with concurrent systemic infection and actually may develop before clinical manifestations of cryptococcal meningitis become apparent. it is rare for a cryptococcal infection to be localized only to the skin. a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis is described in an immunocompromised patient who initially had a rash and a positive serum cryptococcal antigen titer, but no central nervous system involvement. the papular pustular skin lesions disappeared a ... | 1994 | 8074140 |
| olfactory mucosa response in guinea pigs following intranasal instillation with cryptococcus neoformans. a histological and immunocytochemical study. | a central nervous system isolate from an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patient of 10(3) cryptococcus neoformans cells was instilled intranasally into guinea pigs. these were killed to evaluate the fate of the organisms and the response of the olfactory mucosa. olfactory epithelium prevented the penetration of cryptococcus neoformans and showed focal hyperplastic responses. the organisms, which manifested an affinity for the olfactory portion of the nasal cavities, were cleared from t ... | 1994 | 8065433 |
| rapid presumptive identification of medically relevant yeasts to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. | a method for the rapid presumptive differentiation of a panel of 12 clinically relevant yeasts to the species level was developed on the basis of evaluation by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit 18s-rrna. the method involved restriction enzyme analysis of pcr products obtained with primers common to all fungi. using six restriction enzymes, alui, bani, bbsi, draii, eco147i and nhei, characteristic pcr-restriction enzyme patterns were obtained f ... | 1994 | 8064542 |
| olfactory pathways in three patients with cryptococcal meningitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | the olfactory mucosa, bulbs and tracts were examined for the presence of cryptococcus neoformans in 3 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and cryptococcal meningitis. two of them had antibodies against hiv-1 and one had positive serology for hiv-2. cryptococci were seen in the subarachnoid space around olfactory tracts and bulbs and in the submucosal olfactory nerve fascicles. in one case, olfactory nerve fascicles from the lamina propria were also affected. olfactory ep ... | 1994 | 8064314 |
| relationship between superoxide dismutase and melanin in a pathogenic fungus. | since melanin is considered a virulence factor in cryptococcus neoformans, its suppression at 37 degrees c has been perplexing. we now show an opposite thermal regulation of superoxide dismutase (sod), consistent with a compensatory mechanism. moreover, we demonstrate normal sod and catalase levels in albino, oxygen-sensitive mutants. these results suggest that melanin is an antioxidant factor comparable in importance to sod. | 1994 | 8063430 |
| molecular and idiotypic analysis of antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan. | antibodies to the cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) form the basis of two potential therapeutic intervention strategies, i.e., conjugate vaccines and passive antibody therapy. to better understand the molecular basis of the antibody response, the heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin variable region (vh and vl, respectively) sequences of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to gxm were determined. rabbit anti-idiotypic serum was made to the previously characterized murine ... | 1994 | 8063403 |
| opportunistic invasion of the heart in hispanic patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | one hundred consecutive patients who died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied with an emphasis on the heart. thirty-two patients showed pathologic changes. the pathologic findings included infection by histoplasma capsulatum, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus. cryptococcus neoformans, and atypical mycobacteria. noninfectious pathologic findings included nonspecific myocarditis, focal necrosis, focal fibrosis, and acute subendocardial infarct ... | 1994 | 8059916 |
| comparison of updated vitek yeast biochemical card and api 20c yeast identification systems. | the updated vitek yeast biochemical card (ybc) was compared with the api 20c by using 409 germ tube-negative yeasts and geotrichum spp. that were either clinical or proficiency sample isolates. the api 20c was the reference standard. the 409 isolates represented nine genera and 21 species. morphology agars were inoculated and interpreted for each isolate. the api 20c identified 406 isolates (99.3%), while the vitek ybc identified 367 (89.7%). both systems identified the majority of yeasts after ... | 1994 | 8051243 |
| cutaneous cryptococcal infection without immunodeficiency. | a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis (encapsulated strain) in a 67-year-old female, with no evidence of immune suppression (normal cell surface marker analysis and mitogen proliferation studies) and which responded to treatment with oral fluconazole is reported. to date her clinical progress remains satisfactory after 12 months of follow-up. | 1994 | 8050156 |
| differentiation of cryptococcus neoformans serotypes a and d using creatinine dextrose bromothymol blue thymine medium. | a serotype differentiation of the encapsulated yeast cryptococcus neoformans is described using creatinine dextrose bromothymol blue thymine (cdbt) medium. on cdbt medium c. neoformans serotype d grew as bright red colonies, turning the medium a bright orange after five days incubation at 28 degrees c. c. neoformans serotype a grew as pale colonies with no apparent colour effect on the medium. serotypes b and c caused a slight greening of the medium. the reaction of the four serotypes of c. neof ... | 1994 | 8049604 |
| role of human alveolar macrophages as antigen-presenting cells in cryptococcus neoformans infection. | the contribution of human alveolar macrophages (am) from normal subjects in cryptococcus neoformans infection was investigated. am were able to efficiently phagocytize the fungus after opsonization, but killing activity did not occur at an effector-to-target ratio of 10:1 in a 6-h incubation since there was an inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. moreover, the role of am as antigen-presenting cells was investigated. cryptococcus-laden am were co-cultured with autologous t lymphocytes and lym ... | 1994 | 8049074 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase in cryptococcus neoformans. | a cdna from cryptococcus neoformans, encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd), was isolated by complementation of a his3 mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the c. neoformans his3 cdna encodes an approx. 22-kda protein with a high degree of amino-acid sequence similarity to igpds from ten other microorganisms, as well as arabidopsis thaliana. most striking are two conserved hhxxe regions and several conserved his, asp and glu residues. the cdna was engineered for expressio ... | 1994 | 8045413 |
| cryptococcal meningitis (c. neoformans var. gattii) leading to blindness in previously healthy melanesian adults in papua new guinea. | cryptococcal meningitis is a common cause of chronic meningitis in papua new guinea, affecting apparently immunocompetent people. the majority of infections are believed to be due to cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. we have reviewed the records of 49 melanesian adults who presented with proven cryptococcal meningitis to the university teaching hospital in port moresby, and compare our findings with other published studies of cryptococcal meningitis in the tropics and sub-tropics. none of the ... | 1994 | 8041866 |
| experimental murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. differences in pulmonary inflammation and lymphocyte recruitment induced by two encapsulated strains of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans, the most common cause of lethal mycosis in aids, usually causes only subclinical pneumonitis in normal hosts. however, cryptococcosis can induce various pulmonary inflammatory reactions, and pulmonary cellular immunity is postulated to prevent dissemination. we hypothesized that cryptococcal strains possess different capacities to induce recruitment to the lungs of inflammatory cells, especially lymphocytes, which are necessary for cryptococcal clearance. | 1994 | 8041111 |
| anticryptococcal resistance in the mouse brain: beneficial effects of local administration of heat-inactivated yeast cells. | using a murine model, we have previously shown that brain resistance to local infection with opportunistic fungi is affected by manipulation of the host myelomonocytic compartment. here, we demonstrate that intracerebral administration of heat-inactivated cryptococcus neoformans (h-cn) yeast cells results in a consistent enhancement of mouse survival to subsequent local challenge with lethal doses of c. neoformans. the phenomenon, more pronounced upon double h-cn treatment, is associated with (i ... | 1994 | 8039888 |
| anticryptococcal activity of macrophages: role of mouse strain, c5, contact, phagocytosis, and l-arginine. | the antifungal activity of nonactivated resident murine peritoneal macrophages for cryptococcus neoformans was studied. macrophages from five of six mouse strains tested had significant (40 to 80%) fungistatic activity, depending on the inoculum size, in a 24-hr coculture system. macrophages from two outbred (sw and icr) and three inbred (balb/c, c57bl/6, and dba/2j) strains were fungistatic. only macrophages from outbred cd-1 mice lacked fungistatic activity. heat-inactivated and c5-deficient s ... | 1994 | 8039240 |
| one year's experience with cryptococcus neoformans in thailand. | 1994 | 8036677 | |
| serotypes and mating types of clinical strains of cryptococcus neoformans isolated in taiwan. | twenty-one strains of cryptococcus neoformans isolated from patients in taiwan were characterized for serotypes and mating types. slide agglutination test was performed with 8 factor-specific sera (iatron company, japan) to determine the serotypes. wheat bran agar (wba) and malt extract agar (mea, wickerham) media were used for the mating tests. twenty of the isolates were of serotype a, and one was serotype b. except for 2 strains of serotype a, all of the serotype a strains mated with filobasi ... | 1994 | 8028646 |
| in vivo depletion of murine cd8 positive t cells impairs survival during infection with a highly virulent strain of cryptococcus neoformans. | cell-mediated immunity plays an important but incompletely understood role in host defense against cryptococcus neoformans. because of their multiple capacities as cytokine-secreting cells, cytotoxic cells, and antigen-specific suppressor cells, cd8 positive t lymphocytes could potentially either enhance or impair host defense against c. neoformans. to determine whether cd8 t cells enhance or inhibit host defence during an infection with a highly virulent strain of c. neoformans, we examined the ... | 1994 | 8028643 |
| rapid determination of antifungal activity by flow cytometry. | we have developed a rapid assay of antifungal activity which utilizes flow cytometry to detect accumulation of a vital dye in drug-damaged fungal cells. results of these studies suggest that flow cytometry may provide an improved, rapid method for determining and comparing the antifungal activities of compounds with differing modes of action. | 1994 | 8027319 |
| characterization of the cnre-1 family of repetitive dna elements in cryptococcus neoformans. | the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans contains 10-20 dispersed repetitive elements that hybridize to clone cnre-1.0. screening of a genomic library with probes derived from cnre-1.0 identified five phages with restriction maps that overlapped cnre-1.0 and three additional phages that belonged to two distinct groups. sequencing of internal 3.5-kb ssti fragments from two cnre-1-like elements revealed 95% homology, as well as a conserved open reading frame. a pcr-rflp assay was developed tha ... | 1994 | 8026743 |
| cryptococcal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a case report. | peritonitis in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis remains a major problem. most commonly this is due to bacterial infection, but fungal peritonitis is also a treatment dilemma. peritonitis due to cryptococcus neoformans is an unusual event, with fewer than ten cases reported. this case report documents a case of cryptococcal peritonitis in a diabetic man on prednisone and azathioprine for suspected chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. the organism was also cultured in the cere ... | 1994 | 8026116 |
| [etiology and clinical aspects in a case series of septicemia. a retrospective analysis]. | 1994 | 8016447 | |
| evaluation of two commercialized systems for the rapid identification of medically important yeasts. | a total of 77 recent clinical isolates of candida albicans and other medically important yeasts were identified by two different commercial tests, rapidec albicans (api-biomérieux) and fongiscreen 4h (sanofi diagnostics pasteur), and conventional mycological methods. the strains were from 13 different species of yeasts and consisted of strains of 36 c. albicans, three of candida famata, nine of candida (torulopsis) glabrata, five of candida guilliermondii, two of candida kefyr, three of candida ... | 1993 | 8015561 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected human blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages have reduced anticryptococcal activity whereas hiv-infected alveolar macrophages retain normal activity. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection causes immune dysfunction. mononuclear phagocytes (mnp) are immune effector cells against some intracellular pathogens and reservoirs for hiv-1. this study determined effects of hiv-1 on mnp-mediated antifungal function. mnp from seronegative volunteers were inoculated with hivbal or hiviiib. mnp were infected with an avirulent clone of cryptococcus neoformans; 48 h later, mnp were lysed and yeasts were counted. viral replication was determin ... | 1994 | 8014521 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor induction of enhanced macrophage anticryptococcal activity: synergy with fluconazole for killing. | enhancement of anticryptococcal activity in macrophages by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) and possible synergy between macrophages and fluconazole for killing of cryptococcus neoformans were tested. m-csf (48 h)-treated macrophages underwent dramatic morphologic changes and inhibited cryptococcal multiplication by 96% +/- 4%, which was greater (p < .001) than that of macrophages cultured in medium alone. m-csf (5000 units/ml) induced optimal anticryptococcal activity but did not in ... | 1994 | 8014494 |
| comparison of the electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosomal location of ten genes in the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans. | we compared multiple isolates of the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans, as well as previously characterized representative isolates, for their electrophoretic karyotypes using pulsed-field electrophoresis. the two varieties could be clearly distinguished based upon the size of the smallest chromosome. the smallest chromosome for isolates of the gattii variety (serotypes b and c) was found to be 400-700 kb in size. the smallest chromosome for isolates of the neoformans variety was consiste ... | 1994 | 8012577 |
| clinical epidemiological study of 171 cases of cryptococcosis. | we retrospectively studied 171 patients with cryptococcosis who were divided into three groups according to their associated predisposing conditions (if any): group 1 comprised nonimmunosuppressed patients, group 2 comprised patients with aids, and group 3 comprised those patients with other conditions and/or who were users of immunosuppressive drugs. analysis and correlation of the behavior of the mycosis among the three groups showed differences in the demographic data, clinical forms and mani ... | 1994 | 8011818 |
| [cryptococcal gastrointestinal ulcerations in an hiv-positive patient]. | 1994 | 8011733 | |
| enhancement of hiv-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cryptococcus neoformans is monocyte-dependent but tumour necrosis factor-independent. | to investigate the possible role of cryptococcus neoformans in hiv-1 pathogenesis. | 1994 | 8011245 |
| complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. | capsule formation plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans. to study the molecular basis of capsule synthesis, the capsule-deficient phenotype of a mutant strain was complemented by transformation. a plasmid rescued from the resulting cap+ transformant complemented a cap59 mutation which was mapped previously by classical recombination analysis. gene deletion by homologous integration resulted in an acapsular phenotype, indicating that we have identified the cap59 ... | 1994 | 8007987 |
| human astrocytes inhibit cryptococcus neoformans growth by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism. | cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in 5-10% of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is characterized by a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, accumulation of encapsulated forms of c. neoformans, and varying degrees of glial reaction. little is known about the contribution of endogenous central nervous system cells to the pathogenesis of cryptococcal infections. in this study, we investigated ... | 1994 | 8006595 |
| susceptibility of melanized and nonmelanized cryptococcus neoformans to nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidants. | melanized cryptococcus neoformans cells were less susceptible than nonmelanized cells to the fungicidal effects of nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidants. the results support the hypothesis that the phenoloxidase enzyme system contributes to virulence by protecting c. neoformans against nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidative antimicrobial molecules produced by immune effector cells. | 1994 | 8005689 |
| occurrences, immunoglobulin classes, and biological activities of antibodies in normal human serum that are reactive with cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan. | serum obtained from normal human subjects contains antibodies reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) of cryptococcus neoformans. the frequency of occurrence of class-specific antibodies among normal subjects was 28% for immunoglobulin g (igg), 98% for igm, and 3% for iga. anti-gxm antibodies with kappa light chains occurred in 98% of normal subjects, while the occurrence of lambda light chains was 28%. each of five subjects with high levels of anti-gx ... | 1994 | 8005676 |
| cloning of a cryptococcus neoformans gene, gpa1, encoding a g-protein alpha-subunit homolog. | we have isolated a gene, gpa1, from cryptococcus neoformans by the pcr technique. dna sequencing of the gpa1 clone suggested that it encodes a protein homologous to the g-protein alpha-subunit family. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the gpa1-encoded protein revealed that it is about 45% identical to several mammalian gi alpha subunits and 48% identical to the g alpha protein gpa2 from saccharomyces cerevisiae. g alpha proteins are known to be involved in mating of other yeasts, ... | 1994 | 8005675 |
| [tests for an early detection of pulmonary cryptococcosis by sputum culture]. | cryptococcosis is a serious opportunistic infection occurring in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. as the number of infected patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in central africa and especially in rwanda increases, the prevalence of cryptococcosis can also be expected to rise. an earlier diagnosis and treatment will improve the prognosis of cryptococcosis. as it is widely accepted that the lungs are the portal of entry for the yeast, 270 sputum samples coming f ... | 1994 | 8003904 |
| cryptococcus neoformans infection can elicit protective antibodies in mice. | an igg1 monoclonal antibody generated from a mouse infected with cryptococcus neoformans modified the course of intravenous cryptococcal infection in a/j mice by prolonging survival and reducing lung fungal burden, brain mass, and serum polysaccharide levels. the results demonstrate that c. neoformans infection can elicit useful antibodies. | 1994 | 8000967 |
| [association of yeasts of the cryptococcus genus with eucalyptus species in santafé de bogotá]. | environmental isolation of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii was first made in australia in 1989 by ellis. he established a specific association with the tree species eucalyptus camaldulensis and e. tereticornis. based on his findings, ellis proposed that the fungus could be exported from australia to others regions, including colombia, by means of infected seeds. the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify cryptococcus sp., associated with eucalyptus trees; this is the first ecologi ... | 1994 | 7997787 |
| targeted gene replacement demonstrates that myristoyl-coa: protein n-myristoyltransferase is essential for viability of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) catalyzes the transfer of myristate (c14:0) from myristoyl-coa to the n-terminal glycine of a subset of cellular proteins produced during vegetative growth of c. neoformans. a gly487-->asp mutation was introduced into c. neoformans nmt by targeted gene replacement. the resulting strains are temperature-sensitive myristic acid auxotrophs. they are ... | 1994 | 7991574 |
| macrophage function in simian aids. killing defects in vivo are independent of macrophage infection, associated with alterations in th phenotype, and reversible with ifn-gamma. | infection of macrophages (m phi) in vitro with m phi-tropic isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) did not affect killing of cryptococcus neoformans up to 16 days after inoculation (p < 0.05). conversely, alveolar m phi from animals with siv-induced aids killed c. neoformans less efficiently (10.4 +/- 2.8% killing) and, when stimulated with phorbol myristate, produced less superoxide anion (o2-; 0.15 +/- 0.02 o2-/h/mg m phi protein) than m phi from uninfected monkeys (21.8 +/- 1.6% kill ... | 1994 | 7989775 |
| evaluation of a novel colorimetric broth microdilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates. | a comparative evaluation of two broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of 600 clinical yeast isolates (candida spp., torulopsis glabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans) against amphotericin b, fluconazole, and flucytosine (5fc) was conducted. microdilution testing was performed according to national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) recommendations (nccls document m27-p). by using the growth control for comparison, reference microdilution mic endpoints ... | 1994 | 7989555 |
| rapid detection and identification of candida albicans and torulopsis (candida) glabrata in clinical specimens by species-specific nested pcr amplification of a cytochrome p-450 lanosterol-alpha-demethylase (l1a1) gene fragment. | pcr of a candida albicans cytochrome p-450 lanosterol-alpha-demethylase (p450-l1a1) gene segment is a rapid and sensitive method of detection in clinical specimens. this enzyme is a target for azole antifungal action. in order to directly detect and identify the clinically most important species of candida, we cloned and sequenced 1.3-kbp fragments of the cytochrome p450-l1a1 genes from torulopsis (candida) glabrata and from candida krusei. these segments were compared with the published sequenc ... | 1994 | 7989540 |
| the vertebrate peptide antibiotics dermaseptins have overlapping structural features but target specific microorganisms. | the physiological significance of the occurrence of sequence similar antimicrobial peptides in frog skin, as the bombinins in bombina, the magainins in xenopus, and the dermaseptins in phyllomedusa, is a major unanswered question. dermaseptins s1, s2, s3, s4, and s5, a family of cationic (lysine-rich), amphipathic antifungal peptides of 28-34 residues were thus synthesized, purified to homogeneity, and evaluated for their growth-inhibition activity in vitro against various pathogenic microorgani ... | 1994 | 7989335 |
| latex agglutination test negative cryptococcal meningitis in an immuno-competent individual: a case report. | we report a case with progressive mental deterioration and persistent low grade fever, who was diagnosed to have cryptococcal meningitis. this case is unique in that the cryptococcal latex agglutination antigen test was consecutively negative. the diagnosis was made by sequential csf culture. | 1994 | 7988095 |
| decreased susceptibility of melanized cryptococcus neoformans to uv light. | melanized cryptococcus neoformans cells were less susceptible than nonmelanized cells to the fungicidal effects of uv light. phenoloxidase-catalyzed production of melanin-like pigments may serve to protect the fungus against ionizing radiation. | 1994 | 7986054 |
| the continuing utility of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose opportunistic infection in aids patients. | to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) remains a useful technique in assessing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. | 1994 | 7985710 |
| cryptococcus neoformans vertebral osteomyelitis. | a 67-year-old previously healthy woman presented with low back pain of 2 months duration and daily fever of 39 degrees c for 3 weeks. ct scan showed a lytic lesion in the third lumbar vertebra and a small right lower lobe lung infiltrate with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. culture of material obtained from open biopsy of the vertebra grew cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, which was also demonstrated on histology. cryptococcal antigen was detected in the patient's serum. treatment with ampho ... | 1994 | 7983576 |
| melanin-deficient mutants of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a significant fungal pathogen in immunocompromised patients. the ability of c. neoformans to produce melanin has been correlated with virulence. the role of melanin in promoting virulence is unclear, although an anti-oxidant function has been suggested. to begin to define the genetic mechanisms responsible for melanin production in c. neoformans, we describe the isolation of seven melanin-deficient mutant classes. some of the mutants can be suppressed by addition of cu ... | 1994 | 7983575 |
| comparison of broth dilution and semisolid agar dilution for in vitro susceptibility testing of cryptococcus neoformans. | we compared the in vitro activity of amphotericin b, flucytosine, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole against 18 strains of cryptococcus neoformans by using two methods: microbroth dilution and semisolid agar dilution. by both of the methods minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) showed a wide range for all antifungal agents but not for amphotericin b. statistically significant differences between the two methods were observed only with amphotericin b and flucytosine, p = 0. ... | 1994 | 7983499 |
| synergism between the antifungal agents amphotericin b and alkyl glycerol ethers. | the alkyl glycerol ether rac-1-o-dodecylglycerol inhibited the growth of members of two genera of yeasts, candida and cryptococcus, and was strongly synergistic with amphotericin b. at one-half its mic, dodecylglycerol decreased the mic of amphotericin b by as much as 80-fold. this high degree of synergism between dodecylglycerol and amphotericin b was demonstrated against a number of species of yeasts including candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, cryptococcus neoformans, ... | 1994 | 7979283 |
| mouse-human immunoglobulin g1 chimeric antibodies with activities against cryptococcus neoformans. | passive antibody administration is a potentially useful approach for the therapy of human cryptococcus neoformans infections. to evaluate the efficacy of the human immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) constant region against c. neoformans and to construct murine antibody derivatives with reduced immunogenicities and longer half-lives in humans, two mouse-human igg1 chimeric antibodies were generated from the protective murine monoclonal antibodies 2d10 (igm) and 18b7 (igg1). the 2d10 mouse-human igg1 chimer ... | 1994 | 7979280 |
| cryptococcal infection of a prosthetic dialysis fistula. | fungal infections of prosthetic dialysis fistulae are rare. we report the first case of infection of a polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis access graft with the yeast cryptococcus neoformans. therapy with antifungal agents alone failed to cure the infection and significant improvement was observed only when all prosthetic material was surgically removed. this case emphasizes the potential for fungal infection of prosthetic dialysis fistulae and the importance of removal of intravascular foreign mat ... | 1994 | 7977331 |
| multiple functions of nitric oxide in pathophysiology and microbiology: analysis by a new nitric oxide scavenger. | a wide range of biological functions of nitric oxide (no) was analyzed using a newly discovered nitric oxide scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolineoxyl-1-oxyl-3-oxide (ptio) or its water-soluble derivative carboxy-ptio. the chemistry is very simple in that no was oxidized by ptio, yielding one mole each of no2 and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl. based on the potent no-scavenging activity of ptio derivatives, the diverse functions of no under physiological states as we ... | 1994 | 7964166 |
| in vivo activity of interferon-gamma in combination with amphotericin b in the treatment of experimental cryptococcosis. | the effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) on cryptococcus neoformans infection was investigated in vivo. balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 2 x 10(6) c. neoformans. rifn-gamma alone (10 micrograms intraperitoneally 18 h before, at, 24 h after infection) significantly increased the survival and decreased the colony-forming unit counts in the lungs compared with untreated mice. rifn-gamma association significantly enhanced the effect of a single dose of amphotericin b (0.25 ... | 1994 | 7963740 |
| the postantibiotic effect of antifungal agents against common pathogenic yeasts. | a total of ten strains of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans were examined for the presence of the postantibiotic effect (pae) after 0.5-2 h exposure to amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole and ketoconazole. significant paes were observed for amphotericin b and 5-fluorocytosine, but none for the imidazoles. the duration of the paes of amphotericin b ranged from 0.5-10.4 h for the candida spp. and 2.8-10.6 h for the cryptococcos, while 5-fluorocytosine induced paes from 0.8-7.4 h an ... | 1994 | 7961219 |
| genetic study of oxygen resistance and melanization in cryptococcus neoformans. | genetic analysis of oxygen-sensitive mutants of cryptococcus neoformans revealed two loci (oxy1 and oxy2) linking hyperoxia sensitivity to production of melanin, a known virulence factor. hyperoxia-sensitive strain 562 (oxy1 oxy2) is albino and avirulent. oxy2-defective strains lacking the oxy1 defect are melanin deficient but show normal hyperoxia resistance. mutants defective at three additional mapped melanin loci fail to show hyperoxia sensitivity in the oxy1 background. revertants of strain ... | 1994 | 7960156 |
| resistance to amphotericin b associated with defective sterol delta 8-->7 isomerase in a cryptococcus neoformans strain from an aids patient. | two cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from an aids patient were investigated, a pretreatment isolate (cn1) and a second isolate (cn3) following failure of fluconazole and amphotericin b treatment. no difference in fluconazole sensitivity, but relative resistance to amphotericin b was observed for cn3. the sterol composition of cn3 indicated a defect in sterol delta 8-->7 isomerase in this strain and depletion of ergosterol, the major sterol of the cn1. | 1994 | 7958776 |
| [a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, which damaged the medial part of the temporal lobe and caused gradually progressing memory disturbance]. | a 71-year-old female was admitted to the national cardiovascular center, complaining of memory disturbance that had been gradually worsening for about two years. neurologically, except for the memory disturbance, higher brain functions were almost normal and there were no signs of meningeal irritation. a cerebrospinal fluid examination showed lymphocytic dominant pleocytosis, elevated protein levels and decreased glucose levels. furthermore, cryptococcus neoformans was detected in the cerebrospi ... | 1994 | 7955721 |
| encapsulation of cryptococcus neoformans regulates fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process in human alveolar macrophages. | our previous studies have shown that unstimulated alveolar macrophages (am) play a predominant role as antigen-presenting cells in cryptococcus neoformans infections, while the function as effector cells seems to be of minor relevance. the present study focuses on the role of encapsulation of c. neoformans on fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process of am. fungicidal activity in unstimulated am occurs to a higher degree when the acapsular strain is employed, but this is impaired ... | 1994 | 7955525 |