Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| survival and transfer of murine norovirus 1, a surrogate for human noroviruses, during the production process of deep-frozen onions and spinach. | the reduction of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) on onions and spinach by washing was investigated as was the risk of contamination during the washing procedure. to decontaminate wash water, the industrial sanitizer peracetic acid (paa) was added to the water, and the survival of mnv-1 was determined. in contrast to onions, spinach undergoes a heat treatment before freezing. therefore, the resistance of mnv-1 to blanching of spinach was examined. mnv-1 genomic copies were detected with a real-time re ... | 2008 | 18724752 |
| the reduction of murine norovirus 1, b. fragilis hsp40 infecting phage b40-8 and e. coli after a mild thermal pasteurization process of raspberry puree. | pasteurization processes of raspberry puree are nowadays limited to short times and rather low temperatures to maintain flavor and nutritional quality. norovirus (nov) outbreaks associated with raspberries highlight the need to determine the survival of nov on this type of soft fruit. therefore, resistance of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), a surrogate for human nov, b. fragilis hsp40 infecting phage b40-8, and e. coli towards mild pasteurization was tested. raspberry puree heat treated at 65 degree ... | 2008 | 18721675 |
| mda-5 recognition of a murine norovirus. | noroviruses are important human pathogens responsible for most cases of viral epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) is one of several murine noroviruses isolated from research mouse facilities and has been used as a model of human norovirus infection. mnv-1 infection has been shown to require components of innate and adaptive immunity for clearance; however, the initial host protein that recognizes mnv-1 infection is unknown. because noroviruses are rna viruses, we inves ... | 2008 | 18636103 |
| improved inactivation of nonenveloped enteric viruses and their surrogates by a novel alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the united states, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. this study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against viruses of public health importance, including norovirus. when tested in suspension, the test product r ... | 2008 | 18586970 |
| murine norovirus, a recently discovered and highly prevalent viral agent of mice. | murine norovirus (mnv), a recently discovered viral agent of laboratory mice, is closely related to human norovirus, a contagious pathogen known to cause gastroenteritis. the prototype strain of mnv (mnv-1) was first isolated and characterized in 2003 as a sporadic, lethal pathogen in certain strains of immunocompromised knockout mice. serological surveillance data from mouse colonies throughout the us and canada have since shown that mnv is highly prevalent. because mnv is unique among noroviru ... | 2008 | 18568010 |
| lurking in the shadows: emerging rodent infectious diseases. | rodent parvoviruses, helicobacter spp., murine norovirus, and several other previously unknown infectious agents have emerged in laboratory rodents relatively recently. these agents have been discovered serendipitously or through active investigation of atypical serology results, cell culture contamination, unexpected histopathology, or previously unrecognized clinical disease syndromes. the potential research impact of these agents is not fully known. infected rodents have demonstrated immunomo ... | 2008 | 18506061 |
| opportunistic infections of mice and rats: jacoby and lindsey revisited. | adventitious infections among rodents used in biomedical research and teaching continue to be problematic even with improved housing and disease-deterrent methodologies. in addition to well-documented viral diseases (e.g., mouse hepatitis virus and rodent parvoviruses) and parasites (mites and pinworms), new pathogens such as murine norovirus have emerged in recent years. infectious agents can enter colonies via incoming rodent shipments, in unscreened biological materials, on people (especially ... | 2008 | 18506060 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the murine norovirus capsid protein is sufficient for attenuation in vivo. | murine norovirus (mnv), a prevalent pathogen of laboratory mice, shares many characteristics with human noroviruses. previous results indicated that passage of mnv1 in the macrophage cell line raw 264.7 results in attenuation in stat1-deficient mice (c. e. wobus, s. m. karst, l. b. thackray, k. o. chang, s. v. sosnovtsev, g. belliot, a. krug, j. m. mackenzie, k. y. green, and h. w. virgin, plos. biol. 2:e432, 2004). sequence analysis revealed two amino acid differences between the virulent and a ... | 2008 | 18495770 |
| soiled-bedding sentinel detection of murine norovirus 4. | according to serologic surveys, murine norovirus (mnv) is the most prevalent viral pathogen infecting mice used in biomedical research. however, the use of sentinel mice to detect mnv-infected mouse populations has not been evaluated thoroughly. to this end, an experimental method of soiled bedding transfer was created to mimic a quarterly sentinel monitoring program. soiled bedding (15 or 30 cm3) from icr mice experimentally infected with mnv4 was transferred weekly to cages of pair-housed 4-wk ... | 2008 | 18459710 |
| prevention of murine norovirus infection in neonatal mice by fostering. | murine norovirus (mnv) causes subclinical chronic infections in adult immunocompetent mice and is endemic in many mouse colonies. the susceptibility of neonatal mice to mnv infection was investigated. intestinal homogenates from swiss webster (sw) mice inoculated orally with mnv-l on postpartum days (ppd) 1 to 3 were negative for mnv by rt-pcr at postinoculation days (pid) 3 and 7. in contrast, 69% of intestinal homogenates prepared on pid 3 and 7 from mice inoculated orally at ppd 5 to 8 were m ... | 2008 | 18459709 |
| antibody is critical for the clearance of murine norovirus infection. | human noroviruses cause more than 90% of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. however, the role of b cells and antibody in the immune response to noroviruses is unclear. previous studies have demonstrated that human norovirus specific antibody levels increase upon infection, but they may not be protective against infection. in this report, we used murine norovirus (mnv), an enteric norovirus, as a model to determine the importance of norovirus specific b cells and immune antibody in clearance ... | 2008 | 18417579 |
| use of murine norovirus as a surrogate to evaluate resistance of human norovirus to disinfectants. | murine norovirus (mnv) was used as a surrogate to study resistance of human norovirus to disinfectants used in hospitals. mnv was sensitive to alcohol, alcohol hand rubs, bleach, and povidone iodine-based disinfectant. real-time reverse transcription-pcr results indicated that the presence of viral rna did not correlate with the presence of infectious virus. | 2008 | 18378650 |
| bioinformatic and functional analysis of rna secondary structure elements among different genera of human and animal caliciviruses. | the mechanism and role of rna structure elements in the replication and translation of caliciviridae remains poorly understood. several algorithmically independent methods were used to predict secondary structures within the norovirus, sapovirus, vesivirus and lagovirus genera. all showed profound suppression of synonymous site variability (sssv) at genomic 5' ends and the start of the sub-genomic (sg) transcript, consistent with evolutionary constraints from underlying rna structure. a newly de ... | 2008 | 18319285 |
| inactivation and uv disinfection of murine norovirus with tio2 under various environmental conditions. | we studied inactivation and uv disinfection of murine norovirus (mnv) as a surrogate for human norovirus. we investigated the effects of different surface characteristics, temperatures, and nacl concentrations on mnv survival using both a plaque assay and a real-time taqman reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay. mnv survived more than 40 days on diaper material, on gauze, and in a stool suspension. compared to inactivation at lower temperatures (-20 and 4 degrees c), inactivation of mnv was great ... | 2008 | 18245239 |
| eradication of murine norovirus from a mouse barrier facility. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a common viral infection of mice in many research facilities. mnv infects hematopoietic cells and alters their cellular morphology. because of mnv's probable effects on the systemic immune response of infected mice the decision was made to eradicate the virus from 2 rooms containing infected animals in our vivarium. two different eradication methods were selected. one room, in which most of the indirectly exposed sentinels had antibodies to mnv, was depopulated and thor ... | 2008 | 18210995 |
| structure of antibody-neutralized murine norovirus and unexpected differences from viruslike particles. | noroviruses (family caliciviridae) are the major cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but the mechanism of antibody neutralization is unknown and no structure of an infectious virion has been reported. murine norovirus (mnv) is the only norovirus that can be grown in tissue culture, studied in an animal model, and reverse engineered via an infectious clone and to which neutralizing antibodies have been isolated. presented here are the cryoelectron microscopy structures of an ... | 2008 | 18094184 |
| evaluation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, poliovirus, and ms2 as surrogates for human norovirus in a model of viral persistence in surface water and groundwater. | human noroviruses (novs) are a significant cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with contaminated drinking water a potential transmission route. the absence of a cell culture infectivity model for nov necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict nov inactivation. the nov surrogates murine nov (mnv), feline calicivirus (fcv), poliovirus (pv), and male-specific coliphage ms2, in conjunction with norwalk virus (nv), were spi ... | 2008 | 18065626 |
| detection of murine norovirus 1 by using plaque assay, transfection assay, and real-time reverse transcription-pcr before and after heat exposure. | the correlation between the detection of murine norovirus 1 rna by real-time reverse transcription-pcr and the infectivity by plaque assay before and after heat exposure (80 degrees c) was examined. no correlation was found in the current study. moreover, heat inactivation had a much stronger detrimental effect on virus infectivity than on the integrity of the viral genome. | 2008 | 18024676 |
| a single-amino-acid substitution in the p2 domain of vp1 of murine norovirus is sufficient for escape from antibody neutralization. | noroviruses cause epidemic outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and the number of reported outbreaks is increasing. human norovirus strains do not grow in cell culture. however, murine norovirus (mnv) replicates in the raw 264.7 macrophage cell line and thus provides a tractable model to investigate norovirus interactions with host cells. epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the human norovirus strains norwalk virus and snow mountain virus (smv) identified r ... | 2007 | 17804495 |
| murine noroviruses comprising a single genogroup exhibit biological diversity despite limited sequence divergence. | viruses within the genus norovirus of the family caliciviridae are the major cause of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. human noroviruses are genetically diverse, with up to 57% divergence in capsid protein sequences, and comprise three genogroups. the significance of such genetic diversity is not yet understood. the discovery of murine norovirus (mnv) and its ability to productively infect cultured murine macrophages and dendritic cells has provided an opportunity to determine the ... | 2007 | 17652401 |
| naturally occurring murine norovirus infection in a large research institution. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a recently discovered infectious agent in mice and may be the most common naturally occurring infection of laboratory mice in north america. in 2005, we surveyed the swiss webster female sentinel mice in our institute's research facilities. of the 4 facilities surveyed, 3 had sentinel mice that were positive for mnv antibodies, whereas our largest facility (which only receives mice directly from select vendors or by embryo rederivation directly into the facility) was ap ... | 2007 | 17645294 |
| recovery of genetically defined murine norovirus in tissue culture by using a fowlpox virus expressing t7 rna polymerase. | despite the significant disease burden caused by human norovirus infection, an efficient tissue-culture system for these viruses remains elusive. murine norovirus (mnv) is an ideal surrogate for the study of norovirus biology, as the virus replicates efficiently in tissue culture and a low-cost animal model is readily available. in this report, a reverse-genetics system for mnv is described, using a fowlpox virus (fwpv) recombinant expressing t7 rna polymerase to recover genetically defined mnv ... | 2007 | 17622609 |
| recovery of infectious murine norovirus using pol ii-driven expression of full-length cdna. | noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. these viruses have remained refractory to detailed molecular studies because of the lack of a reverse genetics system coupled to a permissive cell line for targeted genetic manipulation. there is no permissive cell line in which to grow infectious human noroviruses nor an authentic animal model that supports their replication. in contrast, murine norovirus (mnv) offers a tractable system for the study of noroviruses with ... | 2007 | 17581883 |
| murine norovirus 1 infection is associated with histopathological changes in immunocompetent hosts, but clinical disease is prevented by stat1-dependent interferon responses. | human noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. however, little is known regarding their pathogenesis or the immune responses that control them because until recently there has been no small animal model or cell culture system of norovirus infection. we recently reported the discovery of the first murine norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), and its cultivation in macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. we further defined interferon receptors and the ... | 2007 | 17229692 |
| an rna extraction protocol for shellfish-borne viruses. | the gptt virus rna extraction method, originally developed for extraction of human norovirus and hepatitis a virus rnas from contaminated shellfish, was evaluated for extraction of rna from aichi virus strain a846/88 (aiv), coxsackievirus strains a9 (cav9) and b5 (cbv5), murine norovirus (strain mnv-1), and the norovirus surrogate, feline calicivirus (fcv) strain kcd, for the purpose of rt-pcr detection within seeded oyster (crassostrea virginica) extracts. the rt-pcr equivalent sensitivities ob ... | 2007 | 17184849 |
| molecular characterization of three novel murine noroviruses. | murine noroviruses (mnv) comprise a group of newly recognized pathogens infecting laboratory mice. the first reported murine norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), produces a transient infection with a short duration of fecal shedding after infection of immunocompetent laboratory mice. our laboratory subsequently isolated three novel murine noroviruses, murine norovirus 2 (mnv-2), murine norovirus 3 (mnv-3), and murine norovirus 4 (mnv-4), that have markedly different pathogenicity from mnv-1 by ... | 2007 | 17171545 |
| inactivation of a norovirus by high-pressure processing. | murine norovirus (strain mnv-1), a propagable norovirus, was evaluated for susceptibility to high-pressure processing. experiments with virus stocks in dulbecco's modified eagle medium demonstrated that at room temperature (20 degrees c) the virus was inactivated over a pressure range of 350 to 450 mpa, with a 5-min, 450-mpa treatment being sufficient to inactivate 6.85 log(10) pfu of mnv-1. the inactivation of mnv-1 was enhanced when pressure was applied at an initial temperature of 5 degrees c ... | 2007 | 17142353 |
| surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment: aa comparison of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus. | human noroviruses (novs) are the leading cause of food- and waterborne outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. as a result of the lack of a mammalian cell culture model for these viruses, studies on persistence, inactivation, and transmission have been limited to cultivable viruses, including feline calicivirus (fcv). recently, reports of the successful cell culture of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) have provided investigators with an alternative surrogate for human novs. in this ... | 2006 | 17133824 |
| pathology of immunodeficient mice with naturally occurring murine norovirus infection. | murine norovirus (mnv) was recently discovered in rag2-/-/stat1-/- mice in a u.s. medical research facility. presently, little is known concerning the epidemiology and natural history of this virus. we studied the pathology of naturally occurring mnv infection in 28 immunodeficient mice of several different genotypes (rag1-/-/ifngamma r-/-, ot1 rag1-/-/ifngamma r-/-, ot2 rag1-/-/ifngamma r-/-, rag1-/-/stat1-/-, and rag2-/-) that were maintained in two u.s. research facilities. the mice were sele ... | 2006 | 17074739 |
| persistent infection with and serologic cross-reactivity of three novel murine noroviruses. | according to serologic testing, murine norovirus is the most prevalent viral pathogen in contemporary laboratory mice. previously, murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) was the only norovirus reported to infect research mice. in this study, 3 novel murine norovirus strains--mnv-2, mnv-3, and mnv-4--were isolated from geographically separate mouse research colonies. all 4 murine norovirus strains used as individual antigens in microsphere fluorescent immunoassays displayed serologic cross-reactivity to seru ... | 2006 | 16941951 |
| cleavage map and proteolytic processing of the murine norovirus nonstructural polyprotein in infected cells. | murine norovirus (mnv) is presently the only member of the genus norovirus in the caliciviridae that can be propagated in cell culture. the goal of this study was to elucidate the proteolytic processing strategy of mnv during an authentic replication cycle in cells. a proteolytic cleavage map of the orf1 polyprotein was generated, and the virus-encoded 3c-like (3cl) proteinase (pro) mediated cleavage at five dipeptide cleavage sites, 341e/g342, q705/n706, 870e/g871, 994e/a995, and 1177q/g1178, t ... | 2006 | 16873239 |
| caliciviruses differ in their functional requirements for eif4f components. | two classes of viruses, namely members of the potyviridae and caliciviridae, use a novel mechanism for the initiation of protein synthesis that involves the interaction of translation initiation factors with a viral protein covalently linked to the viral rna, known as vpg. the calicivirus vpg proteins can interact directly with the initiation factors eif4e and eif3. translation initiation on feline calicivirus (fcv) rna requires eif4e because it is inhibited by recombinant 4e-bp1. however, to da ... | 2006 | 16835235 |
| vpg of murine norovirus binds translation initiation factors in infected cells. | norovirus genomic and subgenomic rnas are covalently linked at the 5' nucleotide to a 15 kd protein called vpg. vpg of two human norovirus strains binds translation initiation factor eif3 and other eifs in vitro, suggesting vpg functions in initiation of protein synthesis on viral rna. human norovirus strains are not cultivable, and thus experimental evidence of interactions between vpg and eifs in infected cells has been lacking. we used the cultivable murine norovirus mnv-1 as a model to study ... | 2006 | 16719923 |
| murine norovirus: a model system to study norovirus biology and pathogenesis. | 2006 | 16698991 | |
| development of a microsphere-based serologic multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay and a reverse transcriptase pcr assay to detect murine norovirus 1 infection in mice. | murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) is a newly recognized pathogen of mice that causes lethal infection in mice deficient in components of the innate immune response but not in wild-type 129 mice. in this study, in vitro-propagated mnv-1 was used as antigen to develop a multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay (mfi) to detect antibodies to mnv-1 in infected mice. the mnv-1 mfi was 100% specific and 100% sensitive in detecting anti-mnv-1 antibody in sera from experimentally infected mice. testing of a large nu ... | 2005 | 16210475 |
| replication of norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages. | noroviruses are understudied because these important enteric pathogens have not been cultured to date. we found that the norovirus murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) infects macrophage-like cells in vivo and replicates in cultured primary dendritic cells and macrophages. mnv-1 growth was inhibited by the interferon-alphabeta receptor and stat-1, and was associated with extensive rearrangements of intracellular membranes. an amino acid substitution in the capsid protein of serially passaged mnv-1 was ass ... | 2004 | 15562321 |
| stat1-dependent innate immunity to a norwalk-like virus. | norwalk-like caliciviruses (noroviruses) cause over 90% of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide, but the pathogenesis of norovirus infection is poorly understood because these viruses do not grow in cultured cells and there is no small animal model. here, we report a previously unknown murine norovirus. analysis of murine norovirus 1 infection revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-dependent innate immunity, but not t and b cell-dependent adaptive immunity, i ... | 2003 | 12624267 |