Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| "multiplex pcr" identification of the atypical and monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- in são paulo state, brazil: frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns. | salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. by serological identification, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman salmonella strains isolated in são paulo state, during 1991-2000. a total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to h:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through pcr analysis and were further assigned as s. typhimurium. ... | 2004 | 15141285 |
| assessment of virulence of pigeon isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen for humans. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen was isolated from 5 of 152 (3.3%) feral pigeons from the city of ghent (belgium) and from 26 pooled fecal samples from 114 pigeon lofts (22.8%). these isolates belonged to phage type (pt) 99. seven of the pigeon isolates were further compared in vitro to five human variant copenhagen isolates, 2 isolates of pt 208, 1 isolate each of pt 120 and u302, and a nontypeable isolate. no differences in invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial ... | 2004 | 15131161 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding by market-age pigs in french farrow-to-finish herds. | fattening-pigs carriers of salmonella enterica are believed to be a main source of carcass and pork contamination at the later steps of the meat process. we did a prospective study in 2000-2001 in 105 french farrow-to-finish pig farms. in each farm, a batch of contemporary fattening pigs housed in the same room was followed throughout the fattening period. salmonella shedding was assessed on environmental samples of faecal material (taken by means of pairs of gauze socks) analysed by classical b ... | 2004 | 15099720 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt1 isolates. | salmonella typhimurium dt1 is endemic to finland and has caused human outbreaks since the 1960s. domestic dt1 isolates (n=235) from 1972 to 1999 from human cases, animals and other sources, as well as foreign dt1 isolates from human cases (n=20) were analysed by molecular methods. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) yielded 38 xbai profiles. of these, xbai profile 10 was seen in 49% (125/255) of the isolates. twelve is200 profiles were obtained; the most common is200 profile d was seen in 64 ... | 2004 | 15061501 |
| salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis harbours cole1, cole2, and rolling-circle-like replicating plasmids. | using dna hybridization, at least three distinct groups of low molecular mass plasmids were identified in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. after sequencing representative plasmids from each group, we concluded that they belonged to cole1, cole2, and rolling-circle-like replicating plasmids. plasmid pk (4245 bp) is a representative of widely distributed cole1 plasmids. plasmid pp (4301 bp) is homologous to cole2 plasmids and was present predominantly in single-stranded dna ... | 2004 | 15052312 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based subtyping of dna degradation-sensitive salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone and serovar cerro isolates obtained from a chicken layer farm. | salmonella enterica serovar subsp. enterica livingstone and serovar cerro isolates from a commercial egg-producing farm, which had previously been untypeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) because of dna degradation during the pfge process, successfully gave banding patterns using electrophoresis buffer supplemented with 50 microm thiourea. by pfge in the presence of thiourea, dna degradation-sensitive s. enterica serovar cerro isolates from the commercial egg-producing farm were fou ... | 2004 | 15019105 |
| anti-salmonella activity of (2e)-alkenals. | this study investigated the effect of a series of naturally occurring aliphatic (2e)-alkenals against salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 and evaluated their antibacterial action. | 2004 | 15012807 |
| inhibition of foodborne bacteria by the lactoperoxidase system in a beef cube system. | biopreservatives are being developed to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and thus improve food safety. the lactoperoxidase system (lps) is a naturally occurring system that has potential for use as an antimicrobial agent in foods. growth of single strains of the pathogens staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa and beef microflora were assessed on lps ... | 2004 | 14967562 |
| use of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare historic and contemporary isolates of multi-drug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport. | recently, multi-drug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar newport reemerged as a public and animal health problem. the antibiotic resistance of 198 isolates and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (pfge) of 139 isolates were determined. serovar newport isolates collected between 1988 and 2001 were included in the study. one hundred seventy-eight isolates were collected from the san joaquin valley in california and came from dairy cattle clinical samples, huma ... | 2004 | 14711658 |
| difference and consensus of whole cell salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry spectra. | application of maldi-tof ms for characterization of strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | 2004 | 14687211 |
| assessment of the presence of salmonella spp. in egyptian dairy products using various detection media. | to make a preliminary assessment of the incidence of salmonella in egyptian dairy products, and to investigate the effectiveness of various protocols for the detection of the pathogen in these products. | 2003 | 14633112 |
| a regional outbreak of s. enteritidis phage type 5, traced back to the flocks of an egg producer, austria. | in the spring and summer of 2002, the nationale referenzzentrale für salmonellen (national reference centre for salmonella - nrcs) in austria noticed a cluster of human salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis phage type 5 (s. enteritidis pt5) infections in two neighbouring districts of austria. another small outbreak of s. enteritidis pt5 infections that occurred in the same region in 1999 had been traced back to the flocks of a local egg producer (approximately 6 000 hens). attenti ... | 2003 | 14605374 |
| multiple-drug resistance in d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates from poultry is mediated by class 2 integrons inserted into the bacterial chromosome. | the presence of integrons in 85 multiresistant german isolates of the predominating salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b dt(+) clone was investigated. all isolates possessed a chromosomally located tn7-like class 2 integron carrying the same dfra1-sat1-aada1 array of gene cassettes. only four isolates (4.7%) revealed an additional class 1 integron with two strains each containing the aada1 or dfra1-aada1 gene cassettes. | 2003 | 14576136 |
| [phenotypic and genotypic methods for epidemiological typing of veterinary important bacterial pathogens of the genera staphylococcus, salmonella, and pasteurella]. | molecular typing methods are capable of providing detailed strain characteristics which are commonly far beyond the capacities of phenotypic typing methods. such molecular-based characteristics have proved to be very helpful in epidemiological studies of bacterial pathogens. the primary criteria that all typing methods should fulfill include (1) the typeability of the strains in question, (2) the reproducibility of the results, and (3) a high discriminatory power. in general, molecular typing me ... | 2003 | 14526470 |
| host adaptation of pigeon isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen phage type 99 is associated with enhanced macrophage cytotoxicity. | phage type 99 of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen strains isolated from pigeons were examined for the presence of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns obtained with xbai and blni from 38 pigeon strains were compared with those obtained from 89 porcine, poultry, and human strains of variant copenhagen. identical patterns with xbai and four closely related patterns with blni were obtained with the pigeon s ... | 2003 | 14500532 |
| discrimination of d-tartrate-fermenting and -nonfermenting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates by genotypic and phenotypic methods. | a multiplex pcr and an improved lead acetate test were developed to discriminate d-tartrate-fermenting and -nonfermenting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains. both methods showed an accuracy of 100% when 125 salmonella strains belonging to 15 serovars were tested. special emphasis was given to s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates because of the clinical importance of its d-tartrate-nonfermenting variant and the recently increasing numbers of cases of human outbreaks c ... | 2003 | 12958259 |
| simple and rapid detection of salmonella strains by direct pcr amplification of the hila gene. | the suitability of a pcr procedure using a pair of primers targeting the hila gene was evaluated as a means of detecting salmonella species. a total of 33 salmonella strains from 27 serovars and 15 non-salmonella strains from eight different genera were included. pcr with all the salmonella strains produced a 784 bp dna fragment that was absent from all the non-salmonella strains tested. the detection limit of the pcr was 100 pg with genomic dna and 3 x 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1) with serial dilutions ... | 2003 | 12909653 |
| anaerobiosis-induced virulence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium: role of phospholipase cgamma signalling cascade. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) can initiate entry into non-phagocytic epithelial cells by triggering certain signal transduction pathways, thereby allowing the pathogen to invade and establish a niche within host cells. anaerobiosis has been shown to be an important inducer of the invasion process of s. typhimurium. however, the effect of anaerobiosis on modulation of cell signalling cascades by s. typhimurium is not known. in the present study, the phos ... | 2003 | 12909648 |
| typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and laboratory strains of escherichia coli using subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of a new typing technique called subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) for bacterial strain and isolate discrimination. the technique was applied to isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and to two laboratory strains of e. coli. srf is based on the selective removal of excess fragments from a restriction digest using magnetic particles. subsequently, the remaining subset of ... | 2003 | 12906386 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonella strains isolated from humans, cattle, pigs, and chickens in the netherlands from 1984 to 2001. | we monitored antimicrobial susceptibility data for salmonella strains isolated from humans, cattle, pigs, and chickens in the netherlands from 1984 to 2001 in order to provide insight into the dynamics of resistance over time. the strains were tested for their susceptibilities to seven antimicrobial agents by the agar diffusion method. resistance was most common in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. among the strains from humans, pigs, and chickens, it was found that the le ... | 2003 | 12904357 |
| several salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- phage types isolated from swine samples originate from serotype typhimurium dt u302. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid profiling, and phage typing were used to characterize and determine possible genetic relationships between 48 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates of pig origin collected in catalonia, spain, from 1998 to 2000. the strains were grouped into 23 multidrug-resistant fljb-lacking s. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- isolates, 24 s. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates, and 1 s. enterica serovar 4,5,12:-:- isolate. after combining the xbai and blni macrore ... | 2003 | 12791855 |
| the world health organization's external quality assurance system proficiency testing program has improved the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting among participating laboratories using nccls methods. | a total of 150 laboratories in 33 countries that followed the nccls testing procedures participated in the world health organization's external quality assurance system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eqas-ast) from january 1998 through march 2001. laboratories tested seven bacterial isolates for antimicrobial resistance and reported the results to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in atlanta, ga. the results were compared to the results generated at the cdc with the ... | 2003 | 12791851 |
| dna fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium with emphasis on phage type dt104 based on variable number of tandem repeat loci. | seventy-eight human and environmental strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, as well as 18 isolates of other salmonella serovars and 6 isolates of escherichia coli, were subjected to a novel variable number of tandem repeats (vntr)-based fingerprinting method that showed high discrimination and reproducibility for typing serovar typhimurium isolates. the method is based on capillary separation of pcr products from fluorescence-labeled vntr in the serovar typhimurium ... | 2003 | 12682132 |
| the rise and fall of salmonella enteritidis in the uk. | after rising in the early 1980s, the number of recorded human cases of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the uk has fallen in the last 5 years, with a particular decline in cases of infection with serovar enteritidis. this decline has been concomitant with the introduction of vaccination of egg-laying hens against serovar enteritidis. it is likely that other factors such as improved biosecurity in egg-laying flocks, a build-up of immunity in other animals and the rise in the number of lives ... | 2003 | 12675943 |
| [phage types and plasmid profiles of plasmid dna strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in 2001]. | salmonella enteritidis strains are the most often isolated salmonella serovar in poland. in the present study, phage typing, antibiotic resistance testing and plasmid profile analysis, have been applied to characterise 41 polish s. enteritidis isolates originated from human cases of salmonellosis and from other sources. the typing phages of ward and colleagues scheme were used to type a total of 41 s. enteritidis strains coming from poland. all 41 strains were typable and 5 different phage types ... | 2002 | 12650055 |
| evaluation of the 1-2 test for detecting salmonella in swine feces. | the 1-2 test is a rapid culture test for the detection of motile salmonella. the aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-2 test for its ability to detect salmonella in swine feces following preenrichment and selective enrichment. pooled pen fecal samples (n = 118) and pig rectal swabs (n = 51) were cultured for salmonella by the 1-2 test, which was compared with the standard isolation protocol currently used in our laboratory. in addition, pen fecal samples known to be free of salmonella were sp ... | 2003 | 12636313 |
| interactions of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen with intestinal explants of the turtle trachemys scripta scripta. | salmonella infections in reptiles, in contrast to those in birds and mammals, are limited to the intestinal tract. in this study, interactions of a strain of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen (seem) with intestinal explants of the turtle trachemys scripta scripta were examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). adhesion and invasion in the chelonian intestinal explants at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c were evaluated quantitatively. for purposes of comparison, the invasive ... | 2003 | 12634088 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in austria. | in austria, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin, a bovine-adapted serovar, rarely causes infections in humans. in 2000, austria was within the european mean with an incidence of 0.1 per million inhabitants. our data show that the vast majority of all serovar dublin infections (human and non-human) can be traced epidemiologically to two districts in the tyrol. this concentration of cases can be explained by a particularly traditional aspect of cattle farming in this area, the alpin ... | 2002 | 12631940 |
| subtracted restriction fingerprinting--a tool for bacterial genome typing. | reproducible, discriminative, high-throughput methods are required for the identification of bacterial strains and isolates in a clinical environment. a new molecular typing method for bacteria was developed and tested on salmonella and e. coli species. the technique is called subtracted restriction fingerprinting and is based on double restriction enzyme digestion of genomic dna followed by end labeling. the "detection" enzyme produces ttaa overhangs that are filled in with digoxigenated nucleo ... | 2003 | 12613253 |
| [characterization of a new serotype of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica: serotype bata]. | 2003 | 12586026 | |
| characterization of class i integrons in clinical strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis from norwegian hospitals. | the characterization of integrons and their promoters in 156 antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of the important zoonotic pathogens salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and enteritidis (s. enteritidis) from norwegian hospitals were performed. integrons were found in 64 of 66 s. typhimurium isolates (97 %) and in 20 of 90 s. enteritidis isolates (22.2 %) with the following sizes; 650, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1600, 1700, 2000 and 2100 bp. the integrons were furth ... | 2003 | 12543920 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serotypes isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples. | the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in brazil. seventeen isolates of six serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: salmonella typhimurium (1), salmonella agona (5), salmonella sandiego (5), salmonella rissen (1), salmonella senftenberg (4), and salmonella javiana (1). resistance ... | 2002 | 12523640 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of food animal isolates of salmonella with reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. | reports of nontyphoidal salmonella enterica subsp. enterica showing reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (rsc) have increased rapidly during the past decade. infection in humans with salmonella possessing rsc may compromise the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin therapy. nineteen among 4,357 salmonella strains isolated from food animals in canada from 1998 to 1999 showed rsc; 17 were from turkeys and 2 from chickens. all were resistant to nalidixic acid and sulfisoxazole and possessed rsc at a level ... | 2002 | 12523636 |
| subtyping of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains by manual and automated psti-sphi ribotyping. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is not readily subtyped beyond the level of phage type (pt). a recently developed method for ribotyping of this organism, which uses a mixture of psti and sphi (ps) for restriction of dna (ps ribotyping), has proved useful for further subtyping of a number of pts of this organism, including pt 4. however, it has not been extensively tested with pt 8. in the present study the ps ribotyping method was used to investigate outbreaks of both s. ... | 2003 | 12517821 |
| effect of previous antimicrobial treatment on fecal shedding of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup b in new york dairy herds with recent clinical salmonellosis. | the association of herd- and sample-level factors with the isolation of salmonella group b from cattle fecal samples was analyzed. study farms were 65 dairy herds with a recent history of laboratory-confirmed clinical salmonella infections. herds were visited once per month for three months to collect data and samples for bacteriological culture. herd size varied widely from 34 to 3700 total cattle on the farm (median=370). salmonella serogroup b was isolated from 270 of 2726 samples tested. the ... | 2003 | 12507855 |
| resistance phenotypes and genotypes of multiresistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen isolates from animal sources. | 2003 | 12493808 | |
| influence of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of igy in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with salmonella enteritidis antigens. | in the chicken, maternal antibodies are transferred into the egg and subsequently transported into the developing embryo. igg (called igy) is the primary immunoglobulin isotype of the egg yolk. their level in serum depends on the correct function of immunological system in laying hens. many factors have a direct or indirect influence on antibody level in fowl. one of them is a commonly used antibiotic, but its influence on avian immune system is still unknown. the objective of the study was to d ... | 2002 | 12448078 |
| distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum. | fowl typhoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in korea. due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by pcr and direct sequencing, respectively. ou ... | 2002 | 12383639 |
| the effect of temperature on the growth and persistence of salmonella in fermented liquid pig feed. | two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on the fate of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104:30 in fermented liquid pig feed. these were (1) by co-inoculation of feed with s. typhimurium dt104:30 and pediococcus pentosaceus, as the fermenting organism, and (2) by fermenting feed for 48, 72 or 96 h prior to inoculation with s. typhimurium dt104:30. in co-inoculated feed incubated at 20 degrees c, s. typhimurium dt104:30 persisted for at least 72 ... | 2002 | 12382689 |
| molecular follow-up of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona infection in cattle and humans. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona was not frequently encountered in finland until an increase in rates of isolation among animal and feed was seen in 1994. a small outbreak among cattle farms in the regions of oulu and vaasa in northwestern finland in 1994-1995 included eight farms. after the outbreak, an increase in the number of serovar agona infections in humans was seen in 1999: the number of annual microbiologically confirmed cases in humans increased from about 10 from 1990 ... | 2002 | 12354860 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica and serologic reactivity to leptospira interrogans in opossums (didelphis virginiana) from yucatán, méxico. | the presence of salmonella enterica and serologic evidence of infection by leptospira interrogans, were detected in the opossum didelphis virginiana in a semi-urban locality of the yucatán state, méxico. ninety-one opossums were captured during the period april 1996 and may 1998. from a total of 17 feces samples, four salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes (sandiego, newport, anatum, and minnesota), and one salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar o44:z4,z23:- were isolated. some oposs ... | 2002 | 12219118 |
| infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit. | to describe the investigation and control of an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit in brazil. | 2002 | 12219059 |
| technical improvement to prevent dna degradation of enteric pathogens in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | this study used a modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method with hepes as a running buffer to prevent electrophoresis-related dna degradation of nine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar ohio, seven salmonella serovar newport, and two enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (non-o157) strains. all strains yielded identifiable bands with this method in contrast to a commonly applied pfge method using tris buffer. | 2002 | 12202602 |
| molecular characterization of multiresistant d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates. | since 1996, the national salmonella reference laboratory of germany has received an increasing number of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates. nearly all of these belonged to the dextrorotatory tartrate-positive variant (s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b dt(+)), formerly called s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar java. a total of 55 selected contemporary and older s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b dt(+) isolates were analyzed by plasmid pro ... | 2002 | 12202551 |
| subtyping of salmonella typhimurium by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and comparisons with phage types and resistance types. | one-hundred and sixty-eight salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates have been analysed by phage typing, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and for their antimicrobial susceptibility. those independent strains, isolated from food animal production including cattle, poultry and pig sectors have been collected by the french non human salmonella network, during the first semester in 1999. isolates encompassed 14 phage types. the majority of s. typhimurium isolates was foun ... | 2002 | 12171058 |
| molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from swine. | as part of a longitudinal study of antimicrobial resistance among salmonellae isolated from swine, we studied 484 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (including serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen) isolates. we found two common pentaresistant phenotypes. the first was resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (the amcmstsute phenotype; 36.2% of all isolates), mainly of the definitive type 104 (dt104) phage type (180 of 187 iso ... | 2002 | 12149335 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| salmonella serotypes isolated from nonhuman sources in são paulo, brazil, from 1996 through 2000. | a total of 4,581 salmonella strains isolated from nonhuman sources, including foodstuffs associated with foodborne salmonella outbreaks, from january 1996 through december 2000 were serotyped at the enteropathogens laboratory, instituto adolfo lutz, são paulo, brazil. among the 123 different serotypes identified, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was the most prevalent (32.7%), ranking first for almost every kind of source. the next most common ser ... | 2002 | 12092719 |
| risk factors for clinical salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium infection on dutch dairy farms. | risk factors for outbreaks in 1999 of clinical salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium infection on dairy farms were studied in a matched case-control study with 47 case farms and 47 control farms. all 47 case farms experienced a clinical outbreak of salmonellosis which was confirmed with a positive bacteriologic culture for serovar typhimurium in one or more samples. serovar typhimurium phage type 401 and 506 (definitive type 104, dt104) were the most frequently isolated phage t ... | 2002 | 12069778 |
| pathogenesis of infections with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen in the turtle trachemys scripta scripta. | the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen infections in the aquatic turtle trachemys scripta scripta was studied. after oral infection with 5x10(5)cfu of serovar muenchen of 10-14-month-old turtles, kept at 26 degrees c, the intestine and especially the ileum, caecum and colon was colonized. invasion of the intestinal wall, causing histopathological lesions, and colonization of internal organs were not observed. serovar muenchen was only isolated from turtles for 8 ... | 2002 | 12069769 |
| profile of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in new york city. | strains of newly emerging salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- causing food-borne infections, including a large food poisoning outbreak (n = 86) characterized by persistent diarrhea (14% bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and headache, were examined. the organisms were found in the stool samples from the patients. the biochemical profile of the organisms is consistent with that of s. enterica subsp. i serotypes, except for decreased dulcitol (13%) and increased ino ... | 2002 | 12037044 |
| differences between national reference laboratories of the european community in their ability to serotype salmonella species. | the capacity of national reference laboratories of the european union member states to correctly serotype salmonella strains was assessed in four collaborative studies on serotyping in the period 1995-1999. participants were asked to identify 20 strains in studies i, ii and iii and 16 strains in study iv, using the typing method routinely performed in their laboratory. in the first study, the strains to be identified belonged to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, salamae or houtenae, while in ... | 2002 | 11957022 |
| an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium, dt104l linked to dried anchovy in singapore. | multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium dt104l was first reported in singapore from mid-july to mid-october 2000. salmonella strains isolated from clinical laboratories were submitted to a reference laboratory for serotyping, phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using xbai restriction endonuclease. an epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission using a structured questionnaire. ... | 2002 | 11895083 |
| fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis by ribotyping. | objective: to carry out an epidemiologic evaluation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis outbreaks in households and small communities by means of rrna gene restriction pattern analysis (ribotyping). methods: one hundred enteritidis isolates dating from 1989 to 1994 which could be allocated epidemiologically to different sources or to small community outbreaks were investigated with ribotyping, a fingerprinting method in which bacterial dna is hybridized with the biotin-lab ... | 1997 | 11864109 |
| herd-level diagnosis for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin infection in bovine dairy herds. | herd-level sensitivities of bacteriological and serological methods were compared in 79 bovine dairy herds, recently infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. all farms experienced clinical signs of salmonellosis for the first time and had no history of vaccination against salmonellosis. at the start of the study, infection with serovar dublin was confirmed with at least one positive bacteriologic culture for serovar dublin from a clinical case (gold standard for herd inf ... | 2002 | 11821135 |
| monitoring of chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm for salmonella contamination between 1994 and 1998. | two chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm were sampled between 1994 and 1998 to investigate salmonella contamination. each of the houses was environmentally controlled and fitted with egg belts that transported eggs from the houses to the egg-processing facility. four hundred twenty-eight salmonella isolates were obtained from 904 environmental samples collected from the houses. two hundred fifty-two of the 428 (58.9%) isolates yielded five serotypes as follows: ... | 2001 | 11770616 |
| [phage types, plasmid profiles and chromosomal restriction profiles of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolated in poland in 1999-2000]. | salmonella enteritidis strains are the most often isolated salmonella serovars in poland. in the present study, phage typing, plasmid profile analysis, and pfge have been applied to characterize 140 polish s. enteritidis isolates originated from human cases of salmonellosis and from other sources. the typing phages of ward and colleagues scheme were used to type a total of 140 s. enteritidis strains coming from poland. all 140 strains were typable and six different phage types were observed. a t ... | 2001 | 11757428 |
| [multidrug resistance to antibacterial drugs of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated in poland in the 1998-1999 period]. | a total of 510 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains representing 56 serotypes, isolated from human stool specimens during 1998-2000 in sanitary-epidemiological units in poland were tested for their susceptibility by a standard disk diffusion method for: ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, cotrimoxazole, sulfonamides and trimethoprim. for 201 of the investigated strains, belonging to 5 most ... | 2001 | 11757401 |
| prevalence of salmonella serovars in chickens in turkey. | in this study, 151 (18.6%) of 814 ceca obtained during in-line processing of 28 broiler (hybro g, avian, arbor acres, and cobb breeds) and 5 layer (ross, tetra sl, isa brown, and brown nick breeds) flocks in turkey were found to be contaminated with four different salmonella serovars. only salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was recovered from layer birds, whereas salmonella enteritidis (81.5%). salmonella agona (7.6%), salmonella thompson (10.1%), an ... | 2001 | 11726169 |
| evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin antibodies in bulk milk. | two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detecting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin antibodies in bulk milk were developed and evaluated for potential use in control programs. the elisas were based on either lipopolysacharide (lps elisa) or flagellar antigen (gp elisa). sensitivity was determined with 79 case herds with a wide range of clinical signs. specificity was determined with 125 dutch and 200 swedish control herds. the relation between antibodies in bulk ... | 2001 | 11687438 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of salmonella enteritidis: a method suitable for rapid outbreak recognition. | to perform fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis on phage type (pt) reference strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis), and s. enteritidis pt 6 and 6a recent clinical isolates to determine its usefulness for primary characterization of clinical s. enteritidis isolates, and then to determine whether faflp is suitable for rapid characterization of strains in an outbreak situation. | 2001 | 11678930 |
| atypical, fljb-negative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain of serovar 4,5,12:i:- appears to be a monophasic variant of serovar typhimurium. | an fljb-negative, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- phage type dt u302 strain (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) emerged and spread in spain in 1997. sequences specific for salmonella serovar typhimurium and phage type dt 104 and u302 were present in this atypical salmonella strain, suggesting that it is a monophasic salmonella serovar typhimurium variant. | 2001 | 11474028 |
| antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated in poland from 1998 to 1999. | a total of 326 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains representing 29 serotypes, isolated from human stool specimens during 1998-1999 in sanitary-epidemiological units in poland were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by a standard disk diffusion method. the antibiotics used were ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, cotrimoxazole, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. in addition, 201 strains bel ... | 2001 | 11463524 |
| application of nucleotide sequence of rna polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpob) to molecular differentiation of serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | to establish a molecular differentiation method for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, a hyper-variable region of rna polymerase beta-subunit (rpob) of s. enterica subsp. enterica (i), serotype typhimurium, and escherichia coli were investigated through comparison of nucleotide sequence of the region. the hyper-variable region was identified at 612-937 of the gene. after pcr amplification of the region in the 17 serotypes and two biotypes of serotype gallinarum of s. enterica subsp. enterica ( ... | 2001 | 11423203 |
| dual emergence in food and humans of a novel multiresistant serotype of salmonella in senegal: salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 35:c:1,2. | 2001 | 11414247 | |
| environmental survey of salmonella and comparison of genotypic character with human isolates in western japan. | to estimate the prevalence and distribution of salmonellae, especially salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), in western japan, an investigation was conducted of the chicken industry and environmental sources between 1995 and 1998. salmonellae were isolated from 34 of 90 samples (37.8%) of raw chicken parts, 34 of 98 faecal samples (34.7%) at 35 broiler farms, 11 of 59 samples (18.6%) of liquid eggs, and from 71 of 272 samples (26.1%) of swab specimens from equ ... | 2001 | 11349965 |
| monitoring of layer feed and eggs for salmonella in eastern japan between 1993 and 1998. | in order to investigate contamination of chicken farms with salmonella, feed and eggs were sampled from 16 commercial layer farms in eastern japan between 1993 and 1998 and cultured for salmonellae. salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates belonging to 19 serovars were obtained from the feed. six of the 19 serotypes, including salmonella serovar enteritidis, were observed in isolates recovered from the eggs. salmonella serovar enteritidis strains obtained from a feed sample and egg contents ... | 2001 | 11348011 |
| biological properties of lipid a isolated from flavobacterium meningosepticum. | the biological properties of the lipid a from flavobacterium meningosepticum, which we recently isolated and whose complete chemical structure has been determined (h. kato, t. iida, y. haishima, a. tanaka, and k. tanamoto. j. bacteriol. 180:3891--3899, 1998), were studied. the lipid a exhibited generally moderate activity compared to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortus equi lipopolysaccharide (lps) used as a control in the assay systems tested; lethal toxicity in galactosamine-se ... | 2001 | 11329451 |
| typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mbandaka isolates. | recently, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mbandaka (s. mbandaka) has gained some importance in the epidemiology of salmonellosis in poland. since biotyping, resistance typing, and plasmid profiling were insufficient for strain differentiation, genome macrorestriction by means of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was applied and proved to be the method of choice in s. mbandaka epidemiological studies. xbai and bcui macrorestriction produced 15 and 14 pulse-field profiles (pfp), r ... | 2001 | 11295334 |
| evaluation of the components of a commercial probiotic in gnotobiotic mice experimentally challenged with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. typhimurium. | vitacanis((r)), a probiotic preparation containing a lactobacillus acidophilus, an enterococcus faecium and a saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been developed for the prevention of intestinal disorders in dogs and cats. in the present study, these microorganisms were tested jointly or singly during experimental infection of gnotobiotic mice with salmonella typhimurium. four experimental groups consisting of animals given probiotics jointly or singly and a control group consisting of germfree mice we ... | 2001 | 11230939 |
| serology of typhoid fever in an area of endemicity and its relevance to diagnosis. | currently, the laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever is dependent upon either the isolation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhi from a clinical sample or the detection of raised titers of agglutinating serum antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) (o) or flagellum (h) antigens of serotype typhi (the widal test). in this study, the serum antibody responses to the lps and flagellum antigens of serotype typhi were investigated with individuals from a region of vietnam in w ... | 2001 | 11230418 |
| mice lacking interleukin-2 (il-2)/il-15 receptor beta chain are susceptible to infection with avirulent salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis but mice lacking il-2 are resistant. | interleukin-2 (il-2)/il-15 receptor beta (il-15r beta)(-/-) mice were susceptible to infection with avirulent salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis, whereas il-2(-/-) mice were resistant. a natural killer cell response was not evident for both types of deficient mice. a th1 response was detected in il-2(-/-) but not in il-2/il-15r beta(-/-) mice infected with salmonella, suggesting that il-2/il-15r beta signaling is important for the generation of protective th1 cells. | 2001 | 11160028 |
| invasiveness in chickens, stress resistance and rpos status of wild-type salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type 104 and serovar enteritidis phage type 4 strains. | the heat and acid resistance and the ability to survive airdrying on commonly used kitchen surfaces were assessed for clinical and environmental strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, definitive type (dt) 104. three out of thirty-eight strains of dt 104 were found to be more sensitive in stationary phase to the stresses examined than the other strains. this compares to a previous study by the authors which showed that seven out of forty serovar enteritidis phage type ... | 2000 | 11101680 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from swine. | we examined the antimicrobial resistance of 1,257 isolates of 30 serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from swine. serovars typhimurium and typhimurium var. copenhagen were widespread and were frequently multidrug resistant, with distinct resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline and to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively. | 2000 | 11101609 |
| evaluation of three newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and two agglutination tests for detecting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin infections in dairy cattle. | in this study test characteristics of three newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin were evaluated and compared with two agglutination tests. the elisas involved were an indirect elisa with serovar dublin lipopolysaccharide (lps elisa), an indirect elisa with serovar dublin flagellar antigen (gp elisa), and a double-antibody sandwich blocking elisa that uses monoclonal antibodies against s. enterica subsp. enterica serova ... | 2000 | 11101571 |
| application of randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis for typing avian salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was performed for the molecular genetic typing of 30 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from chickens and ducks in thailand. six different primers were tested for their discriminatory ability. while some of the primers could only differentiate between the different serovars, the use of multiple primers showed that the rapd method could also subdivide within a given serovar. the ready-to-go rapd analysis beads used, resulted in ... | 2000 | 11064269 |
| molecular analysis of tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, dublin, choleraesuis, hadar and saintpaul: construction and application of specific gene probes. | a total of 65 epidemiologically unrelated tetracycline-resistant isolates of the six salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (salm.) serovars dublin, choleraesuis, typhimurium, enteritidis, hadar and saintpaul were investigated for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes. for this, specific gene probes of the tetracycline resistance genes (tet) of the hybridization classes a, b, c, d, e and g were constructed by cloning pcr-amplified internal segments of the respective tet structural genes. th ... | 2000 | 11054167 |
| a variation of the amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique using three restriction endonucleases, and assessment of the enzyme combination bglii-mfei for aflp analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates. | we have performed amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting on a collection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains with a restriction endonuclease combination (bglii and mfei) that has previously been used successfully for typing campylobacter jejuni isolates with high resolution. additionally, a variation of the aflp assay in which two rare cutting restriction enzymes (xbai and bsrgi) in combination with the frequent cutter (hinp1i) was examined. t ... | 2000 | 10913860 |
| evaluation of is200-pcr and comparison with other molecular markers to trace salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium bovine isolates from farm to meat. | a procedure that uses an original molecular marker (is200-pcr) and that is based on the amplification of dna with outward-facing primers complementary to each end of is200 has been evaluated with a collection of 85 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates. these strains were isolated from a group of 10 cows at different stages: during transportation between the farm and the slaughterhouse, on the slaughter line, from the environment, and from the final product (ground be ... | 2000 | 10834977 |
| proposal of salmonella paratyphi sp. nov., nom. rev. and request for an opinion to conserve the specific epithet paratyphi in the binary combination salmonella paratyphi as nomen epitheton conservandum. | we propose salmonella paratyphi sp. nov., nom. rev., by raising salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar paratyphi a to species status and request an opinion to include the specific epithet paratyphi in the binary combination of salmonella paratyphi in the list of epitheta specifica conservanda. | 2000 | 10758909 |
| fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism genotyping of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars and comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. | we have performed the fluorescently labeled amplified-fragment length polymorphism (faflp) method on 97 strains of the food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica subsp. enterica comprising seven different serovars using the restriction enzymes ecori and msei. from the total faflp fingerprinted strains, 81 were compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing of the same strains. the faflp method showed a discriminatory power equal to that of pfge. we report a fast, robust, and high-reso ... | 2000 | 10747153 |
| activation of the cryptic aac(6')-iy aminoglycoside resistance gene of salmonella by a chromosomal deletion generating a transcriptional fusion. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis bm4361 and bm4362 were isolated from the same patient. bm4361 was susceptible to aminoglycosides, whereas bm4362 was resistant to tobramycin owing to synthesis of a 6'-n-acetyltransferase type i [aac(6')-i]. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and southern hybridizations indicated that the chromosomal aac(6')-iy genes for the enzyme in both strains were identical and that bm4362 derived ... | 1999 | 10542165 |
| salmonella abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid responsible for virulence in mice. | most salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid, psa95. results of pcr and southern blot analysis suggest that psa95 contains spv genes. a psa95-cured strain of s. abortusequi was 48 times less virulent to mice than its parental strain. virulence was restored by reintroduction of psa95. these results provide clear evidence that psa95 confers virulence on s. abortusequi in mice. this is the first report describing a virulence pla ... | 1999 | 10510045 |
| emergence and spread of an atypical salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- strain in spain. | 1999 | 10488227 | |
| attachment of salmonella choleraesuis choleraesuis to beef muscle and adipose tissues. | the attachment of salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 15790 to beef muscle and adipose tissues was investigated. s. choleraesuis was found to adhere in higher numbers to muscle than to fat. the charge and the hydrophobicity of the surface of s. choleraesuis were evaluated by measurement of electrophoretic mobility, the contact angle with water, adhesion to hexadecane, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the overall negative charge of s. choleraesuis was masked by the high el ... | 1997 | 10465034 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. | the antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. however, few investigations have compared large numbers of oils and extracts using methods that are directly comparable. in the present study, 52 plant oils and extracts were investigated for activity against acinetobacter baumanii, aeromonas veronii biogroup sobria, candida albicans, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia col, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica s ... | 1999 | 10438227 |
| plasmid-encoded tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars choleraesuis and typhimurium: identification of complete and truncated tn1721 elements. | during routine screening of salmonella enterica subsp., s. enterica isolates of animal origin for plasmid-encoded tetracycline resistance, two tetracycline resistance plasmids, the 50 kbp plasmid pgft3 of salmonella choleraesuis and the 9.5 kbp plasmid pgft4 of salmonella typhimurium var. copenhagen dt002, were detected. the respective tetracycline resistance genes (tet) were identified by hybridization and pcr analysis to belong to hybridization class a. conjugation experiments identified plasm ... | 1999 | 10418136 |
| salmonella enteritidis phage types 1 and 4: pheno- and genotypic epidemiology of recent outbreaks in finland. | in the 1990s, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis has caused 15 outbreaks in finland; 12 of them were caused by phage type 1 (pt1) and pt4. thus far, there has been no clear evidence as to the source of these salmonella enteritidis pt1 and pt4 strains, so it was necessary to try to characterize them further. salmonella enteritidis pt1 (n = 57) and pt4 (n = 43) isolates from different sources were analyzed by genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), plasmid profiling, ... | 1999 | 10364582 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in french broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period. | broiler-chicken are often salmonella carriers. however, these bacteria are responsible for major food-borne human infection, in which poultry-meat products are frequently implicated. in order to prevent salmonella spread during the slaughtering process, control measures should be implemented at the farm level to reduce the prevalence before slaughtering. the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella contamination in french commercial broiler flocks at the end of the ... | 1999 | 10327442 |
| increasing incidence and comparison of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates from humans and animals. | we determined the resistance to quinolone of 309 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium strains isolated from humans and animals (cattle, pigs, or poultry) in 1995 or 1996. nalidixic acid resistance increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. the highest resistance levels correlated with a mutation at ser-83 (or asp-82). all strains remained ciprofloxacin susceptible. human and animal isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns of the ... | 1999 | 9854111 |
| phage types of australian isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow. | australian isolates (79) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow (salmonella virchow) were characterized by phage typing. thirteen phage types were identified, of which phage type (pt) 8, representing 54 of 79 isolates, was predominant, as it had been in england and wales up to 1994 when it was replaced by pt26. other phage types identified in australia were distinct from those observed in england and wales. this suggests that pt8 may be a global phage type, while others may be di ... | 1998 | 9812398 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt009 isolates: differentiation of the live vaccine strain zoosaloral from field isolates. | a total of 25 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium dt009 isolates from various human and animal sources, the original s. typhimurium dt009 zoosaloral live vaccine strain and two zoosaloral strains reisolated from vaccinated chickens were investigated by various molecular typing methods (i) to determine the most suitable method or combination of methods for the differentiation of dt009 field isolates and (ii) to investigate which molecular metho ... | 1998 | 9809427 |
| inter- and intra-phage type differentiation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis isolates using molecular typing methods. | seventy-six salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates which represented 14 phage types and rdnc isolates were investigated by several independent molecular methods. eleven different plasmid profiles were detected. plasmid-encoded virulence genes of the spv gene cluster were shown by hybridization with a spvb/c gene probe to be located on plasmids of either 55 kbp or 95 kbp. ribotyping as performed with gene probes that recognized either the entire rrn oper ... | 1998 | 9809400 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis show increased outer membrane permeability to hydrophobic agents which correlates with lipopolysaccharide acyl-chain fluidity. | the hydrophobic probe n-phenyl-1-naphthylamine accumulated less in non-pathogenic yersinia spp. and non-pathogenic and pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica than in yersinia pseudotuberculosis or yersinia pestis. this was largely due to differences in the activity of efflux systems, but also to differences in outer membrane permeability because uptake of the probe in kcn/arsenate-poisoned cells was slower in the former group than in y. pseudotuberculosis and y. pestis. the probe accumulation rate w ... | 1998 | 9639922 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar: evaluation and application of different typing methods. | a highly discriminatory molecular typing system for isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar hadar was developed based on the data obtained from 34 epidemiologically unrelated s. hadar isolates from germany and brazil. plasmid profile analysis and macrorestriction analysis with the enzymes xbai, spei and blni represented the most discriminative typing methods. in contrast, ribotyping as performed with a gene probe that recognized the entire rrn operon did not reveal any diffe ... | 1998 | 9631533 |
| tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. | the 47-kbp plasmid pgft1 from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin mediated tetracycline resistance via a tet(a) gene located on an integrated copy of a tn1721-analogous transposon. the integration site of the transposon was located within the reading frame of a fip gene. plasmid pgft1 was shown to be conjugative and to be able to replicate and express tetracycline resistance in escherichia coli. | 1998 | 9593170 |
| national surveillance of poultry diseases in lebanon. | from 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in lebanon was conducted. this surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. the history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and c ... | 1997 | 9567302 |
| [application of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis to epidemiological study of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis]. | an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) dna profile was applied to epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. a total 21 strains of s. enteritidis isolated from 21 cases (10 cases of healthy persons, 7 cases of food poisoning outbreaks and 4 sporadic diarrhea cases), during the period between december 1991 and august 1996 in wakayama city, were used. a total of 60 arbitrary primers (dna oligomer (12) set, wako) were screened with 4 s. en ... | 1997 | 9311191 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium from humans and production animals. | we have studied the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological relatedness among 473 isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) from human and veterinary sources. the human strains were clinical isolates from patients with diarrhoea sent to the state serum institute during august 1993 (228 isolates). the animal strains were isolated from clinical or subclinical infections in cattle (48 isolates), pigs (99 isolates) or poultry (98 isolates) ... | 1997 | 9249206 |
| genomic relationships between selected phage types of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium defined by ribotyping, is200 typing and pfge. | the genomic relationship between isolates representing 17 definitive phage types (dts) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were analysed using three different typing methods: is200 typing using the restriction enzymes ecori and pvuii, ribotyping using smai and ecori, and pfge using xbai. these methods were used to study four dts in greater detail; in all 18 (dt 49), 10 (dt 110), five (dt 120) and seven (dt 135) isolates were studied. the combined data gen ... | 1997 | 9141710 |