Publications

Two classes of glutathione S-transferase genes with different response profiles to bacterial challenge in Venerupis philippinarum.	Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is major cytosolic detoxification enzymes involved in many pathological and physiological processes. In the present study, two classes of GSTs (VpGST-1 and VpGST-2) were cloned from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes by cDNA library and RACE approaches. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis together supported that they belonged to a new member of sigma and pi classes GSTs protein family, respectively. The expression profiles of these two genes under Vibrio ...	2012	22119575
evaluation of toxic effects of several carboxylic acids on bacterial growth by toxicodynamic modelling.	effects of organic acids on microbial fermentation are commonly tested in investigations about metabolic behaviour of bacteria. however, they typically provide only descriptive information without modelling the influence of acid concentrations on bacterial kinetics.	2011	22118421
intracellular copper zinc superoxide dismutase (iccuznsod) from asian seabass (lates calcarifer): molecular cloning, characterization and gene expression with reference to vibrio anguillarum infection.	copper zinc superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) is the family of most important antioxidant metalloenzymes that protects tissues from damage by reactive oxygen species (ros). in the present study, the intracellular copper zinc sod from the asian seabass lates calcarifer (lc-iccuznsod) was identified by rna ligase mediated rapid amplification of cdna ends (rlm-race) technique. the full-length cdna of lc-iccuznsod consisted of 809 nucleotides with an open-reading frame of 465bp encoding 154 amino acids ...	2011	22101033
identification of α1-antitrypsin as a positive acute phase protein in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) associated with listonella anguillarum infection.	α1-antitrypsin (aat) is implicated in the regulation of a variety of mammalian immune responses and was recently identified as a major serpin in blood plasma of some fish. however, aat expression following bacterial infection in fish has not been well described. in this study, we cloned the full-length ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) aat gene cdna. it contained a 1368-bp coding region, which encodes a 19-amino acids (aa) signal peptide and a 437-aa mature aat containing the serpin's signature seque ...	2012	22100612
detection of acylated homoserine lactones produced by vibrio spp. and related species isolated from water and aquatic organisms.	aims: to assess the diversity in production of acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) among vibrio spp and related species. methods and results: a total of 106 isolates, with representatives of 28 vibrio spp and related species, were investigated for the production of ahls. for this, a rapid method for the screening of ahls was developed based on the use of bacterial biosensors using a double-layer microplate assay. at least one bacterial biosensor was activated in 20 species, agrobacterium tumef ...	2011	22098208
two c-type lectins from shrimp litopenaeus vannamei that might be involved in immune response against bacteria and virus.	c-type lectins play crucial roles in innate immunity to recognize and eliminate pathogens efficiently. in the present study, two c-type lectins from shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (designated as lvlectin-1 and lvlectin-2) were identified, and their expression patterns, both in tissues and toward pathogen stimulation, were then characterized. the full-length cdna of lvlectin-1 and lvlectin-2 was 567 and 625 bp, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 471 and 489 bp, respectively, and deduced amino ...	2012	22094589
the phytoplankton nannochloropsis oculata enhances the ability of roseobacter clade bacteria to inhibit the growth of fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	phytoplankton cultures are widely used in aquaculture for a variety of applications, especially as feed for fish larvae. phytoplankton cultures are usually grown in outdoor tanks using natural seawater and contain probiotic or potentially pathogenic bacteria. some roseobacter clade isolates suppress growth of the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. however, most published information concerns interactions between probiotic and pathogenic bacteria, and little information is available regarding the ...	2011	22053210
Discovery of novel biopreservation agents with inhibitory effects on growth of food-borne pathogens and their application to seafood products.	Selection of protective cultures is relevant in order to biopreserve and improve the functional safety of food products, mainly through inhibition of spoilage and/or pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, the present study investigated potential applications of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the biopreservation of fish and shellfish products. For this purpose, a collection of 84 LAB strains isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) was identified and characterized for ...	2011	22041547
Secreted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against microbial infection in aquaculture.	Aims: Subcellullar localizations and cross-immunities of GAPDHs from six common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture were investigated. Methods and Results: Subcellullar localizations of GAPDHs of Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC33202, Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, Vibrio anguillarum MVM425, Vibrio alginolyticus EPGS020401 and Vibrio harveyi VIB647 were analysed with Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. Immunoprotections of different r ...	2012	22017642
A ?-aminobutyrate type A receptor-associated protein involved in the immune response of Eriocheir sinensis.	The ?-aminobutyrate type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is a ubiquitin-like modifier, which is implicated in membrane trafficking and fusion events of ?-aminobutyrate type A receptor, autophagy and apoptosis. In the present study, the gene encoding GABARAP (designated EsGABARAP) was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach and expression sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full-length cDNA of EsGABARAP was of 457 bp, containing a ...	2011	22008098
[alteration on the expression of ayu coagulation factor x gene upon listonella anguillarum infection].	coagulation factor x (fx) plays an important role in the immune response of mammals. in this study, the full length cdna sequence of the ayu fx gene, 1817 bp in length excluding 3'-polya tail, was determined for the first time. the sequence contained an open reading frame, which encoded a protein of 453 amino acids with a molecular weight of 5.07×10(4). the predicted protein had motifs typical of animal fx, and its n-terminal 24 residues were the signal peptides. sequence comparison showed that ...	2011	22006800
The unique role of siderophore in marine-derived Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2.	The L: -ornithine-N (5)-monooxygenase structural gene (SidA gene, accession number: FJ769160) was isolated from both the genomic DNA and cDNA of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2 by inverse PCR and RT-PCR. An open reading frame of 1,461 bp encoding a 486 amino acid protein (isoelectric point: 7.79) with calculated molecular weight of 55.4 kDa was characterized. The promoter of the gene (intronless) was located from -1 to -824 and had three HGATAR boxes which wer ...	2011	21989767
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) based identification of genes and expression analysis of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) from Epinephelus bruneus.	The kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus, is an economically important intensively cultured species in Southeast Asia. Despite the insatiable demand its large-scale production has been hindered by problems associated with water quality, nutrition, and diseases especially due to increased rearing density. It is generally accepted that in fish both innate and adaptive immune system provide protection from diseases. In the present study a cDNA library of Streptococcus iniae-challenged kelp grouper was ...	2012	21983421
a susceptible protein by proteomic analysis from vibrio anguillarum under various environmental conditions.	vibrio anguillarum is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium causing vibriosis in marine fish and other aquatic animals. most bacteria have developed strategies to survive in harsh environments, and v. anguillarum also encounters various stresses in seawater and hosts. in this study, we investigated changes in protein expression of v. anguillarum in response to diverse stress conditions of temperature, ph, and nacl. proteins were separated by 2d-page, differences in expression patterns under each ...	2011	21979859
The modulation of catecholamines to the immune response against bacteria Vibrio anguillarum challenge in scallop Chlamys farreri.	Catecholamines are pivotal signal molecules in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network, and implicated in the modulation of immune response. In the present study, the activities of some immune-related enzymes and the concentration of catecholamines were determined in circulating haemolymph of scallops Chlamys farreri after bacteria Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LYZ) increased significantly and reached 610 U mg(-1) at ...	2011	21979298
molecular characterizations and functional assessments of gata-3 and its splice variant in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.).	gata-3 is a master transcription factor of the th2 cells. we have identified gata-3 cdna and its splice variant in atlantic cod. cod gata-3 (gmgata-3) has a 1320bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 440 amino acids with two zinc finger domains that are well conserved within teleosts and higher vertebrates. the gata-3 cdna splice variant without zinc finger domains was shown to contain an 828bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 276 amino acids. both gata-3 proteins fused with ...	2011	21978454
characterization of the probiotic strain vagococcus fluvialis in the protection of european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) against vibriosis by vibrio anguillarum.	aquaculture is one of the main sources of income in many countries worldwide. intensive farms are often affected by different infectious diseases that can decrease their final production. to control this situation, several antibiotics are frequently used with known environmental consequences. the aim of this study was to analyze different bacterial strains isolated from of gilthead sea bream, sea bass, sole and meagre guts, for use as probiotics in aquaculture. the strains were evaluated in vitr ...	2011	21962409
the phosphotransferase vanu represses expression of four qrr genes antagonizing vano-mediated quorum-sensing regulation in vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum utilizes quorum sensing to regulate stress responses required for survival in the aquatic environment. like other vibrio species, v. anguillarum contains the gene qrr1, which encodes the ancestral quorum regulatory rna qrr1, and phosphorelay quorum-sensing systems that modulate the expression of small regulatory rnas (srnas) that destabilize mrna encoding the transcriptional regulator vant. in this study, three additional qrr srnas were identified. all four srnas were positive ...	2011	21948044
identification and expressional analysis of two cathepsins from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis).	cathepsins are a family of lysosomal proteases that play an important role in protein degradation, antigen presentation, apoptosis, and inflammation. cathepsins are divided into three groups, i.e., cysteine protease, serine protease, and aspartic protease. cathepsin d and cathepsin l, which are aspartic protease and cysteine protease respectively, have been identified in a number of teleosts; however, the immunological relevance of fish cathepsins is largely unknown. in this study, we cloned and ...	2011	21939771
[preparation and identification of ompw monoclonal antibodies].	to prepare and characterize the mouse monoclonal antibodies against vibrio parahaemolyticus ompw.	2011	21906472
A novel pathogen-binding gC1qR homolog, FcgC1qR, in the Chinese white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis.	In vertebrates, the globular "head" of complement component C1q receptor (gC1qR) is a versatile, multiligand binding protein. However, research on its function in invertebrates is limited. In the present study, a full-length cDNA sequence of a novel gC1qR homolog, FcgC1qR, from the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned. Semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected FcgC1qR in all examined tissues, with the highest level detected in the intestine. Western blot assa ...	2012	21893092
MHC polymorphism and disease resistance to vibrio anguillarum in 8 families of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).	Genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have a critical role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses because of their involvement in presenting foreign peptides to T cells. However, the nature has remained largely unknown.	2011	21888646
Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of ferritin M in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus.	This study, reports the identification and analysis of ferritin M chain, from kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus (EbFerM); it comprises 1004 base pair (bp), including 528bp open reading frame (ORF) which encodes 176 amino acid (aa) residues; the calculated molecular weight is 20kDa. The 5'-untranslated region (UTR) possesses 476bp proceeded by a putative Iron Regulatory Element (IRE). Pair wise alignments showed that EbFerM shared 94% identity with that of Larimichthys crocea and Sciaenops. It is ...	2011	21885330
evidence of an antimicrobial-immunomodulatory role of atlantic salmon cathelicidins during infection with yersinia ruckeri.	cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules of the innate immune system with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. these evolutionary conserved cationic host-defence peptides are integral components of the immune response of fish, which are generally believed to rely heavily on innate immune defences to invading pathogens. in this study we showed that atlantic salmon cathelicidin 1 and 2 (ascath1 and ascath2) stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes incre ...	2011	21858109
immune response of atlantic salmon to recombinant flagellin.	many viral vaccines used in aquaculture are unable to stimulate an appropriate level of immunity to withstand infection. by targeting specific components of the immune system it may be possible to trigger stronger, more effective responses to antigens. flagellin has the ability to stimulate both the soluble and membrane-bound forms of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in salmon leading to a proinflammatory response and activation of both the innate and adaptive immune system. in this study flagellin ( ...	2011	21843579
identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein receptor feta for ferric enterobactin transport in vibrio anguillarum 775 (pjm1).	in this work we demonstrate the existence in vibrio anguillarum 775 (pjm1) of two chromosomal genes encoding outer membrane proteins that operate in the transport of ferric enterobactin. one of them is a novel receptor that we named feta and the other is the already characterized fvta that functions in the uptake of iron complexes of both enterobactin and vanchrobactin. ferric enterobactin transport proficiency was resumed in double mutants for these two genes when they were complemented with ei ...	2011	21842211
scallop phenylalanine hydroxylase implicates in immune response and can be induced by human tnf-+¦	phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) is an important metabolic enzyme of aromatic amino acids, which is responsible for the irreversible oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine. in the present study, the full-length cdna encoding pah from chlamys farreri (designated cfpah) was cloned by using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches and expression sequence tag (est) analysis. the open reading frame of cfpah encoded a polypeptide of 460 amino acids, and its sequence shared 64.4-74.2% similari ...	2011	21839840
six defensins from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are the first line of defense of invertebrates against invading pathogens. defensins, unique amps, have a cysteine-stabilized +¦-helix and +¦-sheet (cs+¦+¦) motif. in invertebrates, defensins have been reported in arthropods and mussels. recently, six defensins were identified from hyriopsis cumingii for the first time, and were designated as hcdef1, hcdef2, hcdef3, hcdef4, hcdef5, and hcdef6. hcdef1 and hcdef2 encode a protein containing 61 and 60 amino acids, resp ...	2011	21839173
Vibrio anguillarum as a fish pathogen: virulence factors, diagnosis and prevention.	Vibrio anguillarum, also known as Listonella anguillarum, is the causative agent of vibriosis, a deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting various marine and fresh/brackish water fish, bivalves and crustaceans. In both aquaculture and larviculture, this disease is responsible for severe economic losses worldwide. Because of its high morbidity and mortality rates, substantial research has been carried out to elucidate the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen and to develop rapid detectio ...	2011	21838709
transcriptional regulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from venerupis philippinarum in response to pathogen and contaminants challenge.	glutathione peroxidases (gpx) are key enzymes in the antioxidant systems of living organisms by catalyzing the reduction of peroxides to non-reactive products. in the present study, the full-length cdna encoding a selenium-dependent gpx was identified from venerupis philippinarum (designated as vpse-gpx), and the spatial and temporal expression patterns post-vibrio anguillarum, heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) challenge were also investigated. vpse-gpx possessed all the conserved features ...	2011	21821133
Effect of PCR amplicon length on suppressing signals from membrane-compromised cells by propidium monoazide treatment.	Treatment of microbiological samples with viability dyes prior to extraction of DNA and PCR amplification for downstream analysis has evolved into a commonly applied method. The addition of this easy-to-perform step to the sample analysis procedure inhibits the amplification of DNA from dead cells with compromised cell membranes. The method is currently used both in combination with quantitative PCR (qPCR), end-point PCR, and isothermal amplification. We present here a detailed study of the effe ...	2011	21821068
identification and characterisation of the mpeg1 homologue in the south african abalone, haliotis midae.	although haliotis midae is the most economically important cultured abalone species in south africa, infectious diseases have the potential to severely limit the production of this shellfish. consequently, it is becoming increasingly important to characterise the abalone immune system in order to better understand their ability to combat infection. this study reports the identification and characterisation of a perforin-like protein, designated hmmpeg1, which is believed to be involved in the h. ...	2011	21803160
a double wap domain-containing protein from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis with antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria and yeast.	the whey acidic protein (wap) domain is characterized by a 'four-disulfide-core' (4-dsc) motif comprising of approximately 50 amino acids with eight highly conserved cysteine residues. previous research indicated that wap domain-containing proteins played an important role in the innate immunity of crustaceans. in the present study, a novel double wap domain (dwd)-containing protein gene was identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis (designated esdwd) by expressed sequence tag (est) ...	2011	21798281
a stable plasmid system for heterologous antigen expression in attenuated vibrio anguillarum.	to stably synthesize heterologous protein in an attenuated vibrio anguillarum strain (mvav6203) for potential multivalent live vaccine application, plasmids with different replicons were used to construct protein expression systems in this work. the gfp fragment under control of a strict low-iron-regulated promoter p(viua) was inserted into seven plasmids with varied replicons derived from pat153, pacyc184, pbbr1, pec, pmw118, prk2, and psc101, to generate seven corresponding plasmids. our resul ...	2011	21791231
hlyu is a positive regulator of hemolysin expression in vibrio anguillarum.	the two hemolysin gene clusters previously identified in v. anguillarum, the vah1 cluster and the rtxachbde cluster, are responsible for the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of v. anguillarum in fish. in this study, we used degenerate pcr to identify a positive hemolysin regulatory gene, hlyu, from the unsequenced v. anguillarum genome. the hlyu gene of v. anguillarum encodes a 92-amino acid protein and is highly homologous to other bacterial hlyu proteins. an hlyu mutant was constructed, whic ...	2011	21764937
a multivalent killed whole-cell vaccine induces effective protection against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum.	edwardsiella tarda, vibrio anguillarum, streptococcus iniae, and vibrio harveyi are important aquaculture pathogens that affect a wide range of fish species. in this study, we examined in a japanese founder (paralichthys olivaceus) model the possibility of developing simple, killed whole-cell vaccines with protective effect against two or more of the above pathogens. for this purpose, we utilized four pathogenic fish isolates: e. tarda tx1, v. anguillarum c312, s. iniae sf1, and v. harveyi t4d. ...	2011	21763772
molecular characterization, phylogeny, and expression pattern of c-type lysozyme in kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus.	lysozymes are the key molecules in innate immune system and possess high bactericidal properties. in the present study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cdna has been cloned and characterized by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques from kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus (eb-ctl). the cdna consists of 753 base pairs (bp) with a 432 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes 144 amino acids (aa) residues and polyadenylation signal sequence aataaa. the dedu ...	2011	21752343
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy) cxc chemokine gene resembling the cxcl9/cxcl10/cxcl11.	chemokines are a large family of chemotactic cytokines playing crucial roles in the innate immune response. in the present study, we report the cloning of a cxc chemokine gene resembling the closely related cxcl9/cxcl10/cxcl11 from the miiuy croaker miichthys miiuy (mimicxc). both 5'-race and 3'-race were carried out in order to obtain the complete cdna, which consists of a 73 bp 5'-utr, a 369 bp open reading frame encoding 122 amino acids and a 715 bp 3'-utr. the deduced mimicxc contains a 19-a ...	2011	21718786
use of suppressive subtractive hybridization to identify differentially expressed genes in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) associated with listonella anguillarum infection.	suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) was employed to identify differentially expressed genes in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) associated with listonella anguillarum infection. 800 random clones were selected from forward and reverse subtractive libraries and 787 were successfully sequenced. after assembling, 105 contigs and 414 singletons were finally obtained, some of which were immune-related genes. a real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) analysis of the expression patterns of 28 transcri ...	2011	21712095
an evaluation of the influence of stock origin and out-migration history on the disease susceptibility and survival of juvenile chinook salmon.	various methods have been developed to mitigate the adverse effects of the federal columbia river power system on juvenile pacific salmon out-migrating through the columbia river basin. in this study, we found that hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the river are in varying degrees of health, which may affect delayed mortality and the assessment of the effectiveness of management actions to recover listed stocks (e.g., barging fish downstream versus leaving fish in ...	2011	21699135
molecular characterization and expression analysis of an inhibitor of nf-+¦b (i+¦b) from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix.	inhibitor of nf-+¦b (i+¦b) is an important member of rel/nf-+¦b signaling pathway, which is an important mediator of immune responses in innate immune system. in this study, the i+¦b cdna of hard clam meretrix meretrix (designated as mm-i+¦b) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna of mm-i+¦b was of 2098 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 123 bp, a 3' utr of 810 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 1164 bp encoding a polypeptide of 387 amino acids. ...	2011	21689757
genetic determinants of virulence in the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	one of the most studied fish pathogens is vibrio anguillarum. development of the genetics and biochemistry of the mechanisms of virulence in this fish pathogen together with clinical and ecologic studies has permitted the intensive development of microbiology in fish diseases. it is the intention of this review to compile the exhaustive knowledge accumulated on this bacterium and its interaction with the host fish by reporting a complete analysis of the v. anguillarum virulence factors and the g ...	2011	21625345
complete genome sequence of the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum harboring the pjm1 virulence plasmid and genomic comparison with other virulent strains of v. anguillarum and v. ordalii.	we dissected the complete genome sequence of the o1 serotype v. anguillarum 775 (pjm1), and determined the draft genomic sequences of the plasmidless strains of serotype o1, 96f and o2β, rv22 and v. ordalii. all strains harbor two chromosomes but 775 also carries the virulence plasmid pjm1 that encodes the genes to produce anguibactin and cognate transport genes, one of the main virulence factors of v. anguillarum. genomic analysis identified eight genomic islands in chromosome 1 of v. anguillar ...	2011	21576332
identification and expression of a putative lps-induced tnf-α factor from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix.	lps-induced tnf-α (litaf) is a novel transcriptional factor that mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lps-induced processes. in the present study, the full-length cdna encoding litaf (designated as mm-litaf) was identified from asiatic hard clam, meretrix meretrix, by expressed sequence tag and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of mm-litaf was 1653 bp, consisting of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 91 bp, a 3'utr of 1166 bp with one cytokin ...	2011	21567197
a novel type iii crustin (cruses2) identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.	antimicrobial peptides are important effectors in the host innate immune response against microbial invasion. in the present study, the cdna encoding a crustin (designated cruses2) was cloned from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis by using est analysis and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approach. the full-length cdna of cruses2 was of 1237 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 12 bp, a 3' utr of 886 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 339 bp encod ...	2011	21549196
molecular and functional characterization of the gilthead seabream β-defensin demonstrate its chemotactic and antimicrobial activity.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important mediators of the innate immune response against bacteria and viruses. we have found a β-defensin (bd) gene searching the expressed sequence tags (ests) of the teleost fish gilthead seabream (sparus aurata). the clone contains an open reading frame of 201bp mrna that encodes a putative seabream β-defensin (sabd) propeptide of 66 amino acids containing the six conserved cysteines as the main signature of this amp. the phylogenetic tree shows that sabd, a ...	2011	21497909
iron(iii) complexation by vanchrobactin, a siderophore of the bacterial fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	the bacterial fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum serotype o2 strain rv22 produces the mono catecholate siderophore vanchrobactin (vb) under conditions of iron deficiency. vb contains two potential bidentate coordination sites: catecholate and salicylate groups. the iron(iii) coordination properties of vb is investigated in aqueous solutions using spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods. the stepwise equilibrium constants (log k) for successive addition of vb dianion to a ferric ion are 19.9; ...	2011	21494744
an interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 homolog involved in immune response from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.	as a transcription factor, interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ilf2) regulates il-2 gene at level of transcription, splicing and translation in vertebrates and plays significant roles in immune system. in this study, an ilf2 homolog was identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis (designated as esilf) by expressed sequence tag (est) analysis. the full-length cdna of esilf was of 2159bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 90bp, a 3' utr of 866bp with a poly (a) tail, and ...	2011	21439385
microbial ecology of fish species ongrowing in greek sea farms and their watery environment.	the present study focuses on the bacteriological profile of both watery ecosystem and fishes from different north and central west greek fish-farms ongrowing euryhaline fish species. the natural microflora of the fish and the water of their ongrowing units in selected farms were studied for a period of 20 months. the analyzed samples were mainly sea bream (sparus aurata) 61.3% and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) 24%. in most of the watery ecosystems coming from the different sampling areas, tota ...	2011	21421068
a monoamine oxidase from scallop chlamys farreri serving as an immunomodulator in response against bacterial challenge.	monoamine oxidase (mao) is an essential enzyme in the catabolism of monoamines, and implicated in the immune response of vertebrates. in the present study, the full-length cdna encoding monoamine oxidase (designated cfmao) was cloned from chlamys farreri by using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches and expression sequence tag (est) analysis. the open reading frame of cfmao cdna encoded 519 amino acids, which shared 73.9% similarity with that from oyster crassostrea gigas, and 64.5 ...	2011	21420424
molecular characterization of miiuy croaker cc chemokine gene and its expression following vibrio anguillarum injection.	a cc chemokine gene was isolated from miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy) by expressed sequence tag analysis. the mimi-cc cdna contains an open reading frame of 429 nucleotides encoding 142 amino acid residues. the deduced mimi-cc possesses the typical arrangement of four cysteines as found in other known cc chemokines (c³¹, c³², c56, and c7°). it shares 15.3%-37.4% identity to cc chemokines of mammal and teleost. phylogenetic analysis showed that miiuy croaker was most closely related to atlantic c ...	2011	21414411
cloning and characterization of a sialic acid binding lectins (sabl) from manila clam venerupis philippinarum.	sialic acid binding lectin (sabl) is a member of immunoglobulin-like lectins family that are thought to promote cell-cell interactions and regulate the functions of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through glycan recognition. in the present study, the full-length cdna of sabl was identified from manila clam venerupis philippinarum (denoted as vpsabl) by cdna library and race approaches. the cdna of vpsabl consisted of a 5'terminal untranslated region (utr) of 62 bp, a 3' utr of 35 ...	2011	21376125
effects of three heavy metals on the bacteria growth kinetics: a bivariate model for toxicological assessment.	the effects of three heavy metals (co, ni and cd) on the growth kinetics of five bacterial strains with different characteristics (pseudomonas sp., phaeobacter sp. strain 27-4, listonella anguillarum, carnobacterium piscicola and leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. lysis) were studied in a batch system. a bivariate model, function of time and dose, is proposed to describe simultaneously all the kinetic profiles obtained by incubating a microorganism at increasing concentrations of individual metals ...	2011	21360150
evidence for the role of horizontal transfer in generating pvt1, a large mosaic conjugative plasmid from the clam pathogen, vibrio tapetis.	the marine bacterium vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of the brown ring disease, which affects the clam ruditapes philippinarum and causes heavy economic losses in north of europe and in eastern asia. further characterization of v. tapetis isolates showed that all the investigated strains harbored at least one large plasmid. we determined the sequence of the 82,266 bp plasmid pvt1 from the cect4600(t) reference strain and analyzed its genetic content. pvt1 is a mosaic plasmid closely relate ...	2011	21326607
c-type lectin from red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii participates in cellular immune response.	lectins are potential immune recognition proteins. in this study, a novel c-type lectin (pc-lec1) is reported in freshwater crayfish procambarus clarkii. pc-lec1 encodes a protein of 163 amino acids with a putative signal peptide and a single carbohydrate recognition domain. it was constitutively expressed in various tissues of a normal crayfish, especially in the hepatopancreas and gills. expressions of pc-lec1 were up-regulated in the hepatopancreas and gills of crayfish challenged with vibrio ...	2011	21322006
taxonomy of bacterial fish pathogens.	abstract: bacterial taxonomy has progressed from reliance on highly artificial culture-dependent techniques involving the study of phenotype (including morphological, biochemical and physiological data) to the modern applications of molecular biology, most recently 16s rrna gene sequencing, which gives an insight into evolutionary pathways (= phylogenetics). the latter is applicable to culture-independent approaches, and has led directly to the recognition of new uncultured bacterial groups, i.e ...	2011	21314902
bioactivity, chemical profiling, and 16s rrna-based phylogeny of pseudoalteromonas strains collected on a global research cruise.	one hundred one antibacterial pseudoalteromonas strains that inhibited growth of a vibrio anguillarum test strain were collected on a global research cruise (galathea 3), and 51 of the strains repeatedly demonstrated antibacterial activity. here, we profile secondary metabolites of these strains to determine if particular compounds serve as strain or species markers and to determine if the secondary metabolite profile of one strain represents the bioactivity of the entire species. 16s rrna gene ...	2011	21305330
role of the pjm1 plasmid-encoded transport proteins fatb, c and d in ferric anguibactin uptake in the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 is part of the natural flora in the aquatic habitat, but under certain circumstances it can cause terminal haemorrhagic septicemia in marine and fresh water fish due to the action of the anguibactin iron uptake system encoded by the virulence plasmid pjm1. this plasmid harbours the genes for the biosynthesis of the siderophore anguibactin and the ferric anguibactin transport proteins fatd, c, b and a encoded in the iron transport operon. the fata protein is the out ...	2010	21304833
the genus listonella macdonell and colwell 1986 is a later heterotypic synonym of the genus vibrio pacini 1854 (approved lists 1980) - a taxonomic opinion.	we analyzed the taxonomic position of the genus listonella based on phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data. the species of the genus listonella were nested within the genus vibrio according to the 16s rrna-based phylogenetic tree. the closest neighbor of vibrio listonella) anguillarum (lmg4437t and atcc 68554=775) was vibrio ordalii (lmg 13544t) with more than 99.5 % gene sequence similarity. furthermore, v. (listonella) pelagius is highly related to vibrio splendidus. according to average am ...	2011	21296930
genetic and biochemical analyses of chromosome and plasmid gene homologues encoding icl and arcp domains in vibrio anguillarum strain 775.	anguibactin, the siderophore produced by vibrio anguillarum 775 is synthesized from 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba), cysteine and hydroxyhistamine via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) mechanism. most of the genes encoding anguibactin biosynthetic proteins are harbored by the pjm1 plasmid. in this work we report the identification of a homologue of the plasmid-encoded angb on the chromosome of strain 775. the product of both genes harbor an isochorismate lyase (icl) domain that converts ...	2011	21286786
a novel c-type lectin from bay scallop argopecten irradians (aictl-7) agglutinating fungi with mannose specificity.	c-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that can bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and microorganisms through the recognition of carbohydrates, thus they are directly involved in innate defense mechanisms as part of the acute-phase response to infection. in this study, the cdna of a novel c-type lectin (designated as aictl-7) was cloned from bay scallop argopecten irradians by expression sequence tag (est) analysis and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approach. the ...	2011	21255651
structure-activity relationship of cinnamaldehyde analogs as inhibitors of ai-2 based quorum sensing and their effect on virulence of vibrio spp.	many bacteria, including vibrio spp., regulate virulence gene expression in a cell-density dependent way through a communication process termed quorum sensing (qs). hence, interfering with qs could be a valuable novel antipathogenic strategy. cinnamaldehyde has previously been shown to inhibit qs-regulated virulence by decreasing the dna-binding ability of the qs response regulator luxr. however, little is known about the structure-activity relationship of cinnamaldehyde analogs.	2011	21249192
molecular cloning and expression analysis of signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) from the chinese white shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis.	innate immunity is the first line of defense by a host against invading pathogens. several signaling pathways participate in the immune response, one of which is the janus kinase (jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) pathway. various evidences have been provided to suggest that the jak/stat pathway is involved in both antibacterial and antiviral immunities. in this study, the full-length cdna and gene sequence of stat (designated as fcstat) was cloned from the chinese whi ...	2011	21246285
surface display of aeromonas hydrophila gapdh in attenuated vibrio anguillarum to develop a noval multivalent vector vaccine.	displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. in our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in attenuated vibrio anguillarum. in this work, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) from pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila lsa34 was fused to seven dis ...	2011	21246232
gene discovery, comparative analysis and expression profile reveal the complexity of the crassostrea gigas apoptosis system.	apoptosis system was reported to play important role in organism immunity, but it was a currently understudied respect in molluscan immunity studies. base on the recent generation of ests in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, a survey of apoptosis-related molecules was conducted in the assembled unigenes, we found that the basic genes and domains in apoptosis-associated proteins were conserved, the overall apoptotic machinery was complex in c. gigas and that the organism had an expanded numb ...	2011	21237195
a galectin with quadruple-domain from bay scallop argopecten irradians is involved in innate immune response.	galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of invertebrates and vertebrates. the cdna of bay scallop argopecten irradians galectin (designated as aigal2) was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method based on the expressed sequence tag (est). the full-length cdna of aigal2 was of 2137 bp. the open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 555 amino acids containing four car ...	2011	21237194
vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 gene recombination generates toxin variants with altered potency during intestinal infection.	vibrio vulnificus is a food-borne bacterial pathogen associated with 1% of all food-related deaths, predominantly because of consumption of contaminated seafood. the ability of v. vulnificus to cause disease is linked to the production of a large cytotoxin called the "multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx" (martx(vv)) toxin, a factor shown here to be an important virulence factor by the intragastric route of infection in mice. in this study, we examined genetic variation of the rtxa1 gene that enco ...	2011	21220343
a crassostrea gigas toll-like receptor and comparative analysis of tlr pathway in invertebrates.	toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathway was an important and evolutionarily conserved innate immune pathway. evolutionary lineage of this pathway in the lophotrochozoans is still less understood. in this study, we cloned a novel tlr, a key component of tlr pathway, from crassostrea gigas, and named it cgtoll-1. the 4343 base pairs full-length cdna was assembled with the 3' and 5' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) pcr results, and containing a 3540 bp open reading frame, which encoding a ...	2010	21195773
influence of alginic acid and fucoidan on the immune responses of head kidney leukocytes in cod.	the present study investigated the immunomodulatory activities of alginic acid and fucoidan, both derived from brown seaweeds, on selected cellular immune responses and antibacterial activity of head kidney (hk) leukocytes of cod, gadus morhua. primary cultures of hk leukocytes were incubated with either 10 or 100 μg ml(-1) of the substances and the effects on respiratory burst, cellular proliferation, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular myeloperoxidase were measured at 3- and 24 ...	2010	21191809
infection and immunization trials of asian seabass (lates calcarifer) against fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.	vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus vibrio sp. fish disease will be controlled by proper vaccination trials and maintenance of fish form. pathogenicity for asian seabass (lates calcarifer) against v anguillarum results in necrosis and haemorrhagic areas near the base of fins, exopthalmia and ulcers on the skin surface. around 50, 100, 200 microl of formalin killed bacterial cells were injected (intraperitoneal) to three different size (5 ...	2010	21186732
bacteriocin activity and probiotic activity of aeromonas media.	three strains of aeromonas media (161, a164 and a199) were shown to be active in-vitro producers of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis). for example, the producer strain, aer. media a199, displayed antagonistic activity against all strains tested of aer. caviae, aer. hydrophila, aer. salmonicida, aer. veronii var. sobria, listonella anguillarum, photobacterium damsella, eight species of vibrio and yersinia ruckeri. because of this wide-ranging activity against fish/shellfish pathogens, ...	1998	21182714
the effects of pollution on fish health.	potentially harmful substances-e.g. pesticides, heavy metals and hydrocarbons-are often released into the aquatic environment. when large quantities of pollutants are released there may be an immediate impact as measured by large-scale sudden mortalities of aquatic organisms, e.g. fish kills resulting from contamination of waterways with agricultural pesticides. lower levels of discharge may result in an accumulation of the pollutants in aquatic organisms. the end results, which may occur long a ...	1998	21182713
[molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression pattern of hepcidin gene in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis)].	hepcidin, a member of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, plays an important role in both fish adaptive immunity and the regulation of iron metabolism. in this paper, the nucleotide sequence of a full-length cdna clone for ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) hepcidin gene, 763 nucleotides in length, was determined. ayu hepcidin gene contained a complete open reading frame (orf) encoding an 85-amino-acid peptide with a molecular weight of 9.7 k. a signal peptide of 24 residues existed in hepcidin n-te ...	2010	21174348
a primitive toll-like receptor signaling pathway in mollusk zhikong scallop chlamys farreri.	as a member of pattern-recognition receptors (prrs), the toll-like receptor (tlr) and its signaling pathway play pivotal roles in recognizing various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), and buildup the front-line against invading pathogens. in the present study, the sequence features and mrna expression profiles of five key genes involved in tlr signal pathway were characterized, and their functions in the immune responses were also investigated in order to validate the tlr signaling ...	2010	21167199
development of a single base extension-tag microarray for the detection of pathogenic vibrio species in seafood.	in this study, a single base extension-tag array on glass slides (sbe-tags) microarray was established to detect the seven leading seafood-borne pathogens, including vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio anguillarum, and vibrio harveyi. three multiplex pcr assays were developed to specifically target the following species with individual gene markers, which are aads, tdh, and trh for v. parahaemolyticus; col, toxr, and vvh for v ...	2010	21161212
genomic sequences comparison and differential expression of miiuy croaker mhc class i gene, after infection by vibrio anguillarum.	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has a central role in the adaptive immune system by presenting foreign peptide to the t-cell receptor. mhc gene family contains two main subgroups of immunologically active molecules. in order to study the molecular function and genomic characteristic of class i gene in teleost, the full lengths of mhc class iα cdna and genomic sequence were cloned from miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy). seven exons and six introns were identified in miiuy croaker class iα ge ...	2010	21147159
comparison of 16srdna and toxr genes as targets for detection of vibrio anguillarum in dicentrarchus labrax kidney and liver.	vibrio anguillarum is a pathogen that causes high mortality in marine and freshwater fish. the aim of this study was to develop a real-time pcr assay for identification and quantification of v. anguillarum in fish tissue. the assay was carried out using two target genes, 16srdna and toxr, to evaluate the influence of differences in the operon copy number in quantitative assessment, both in pure cultures of v. anguillarum serovar o1 (strain 975/i), as a reference, and in the liver and kidney of a ...	2010	21145392
cdna cloning and characterization of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family gene from scallop, chlamys farreri.	tumor necrosis factors receptor (tnfr) is a superfamily of proteins derived mainly from vertebrates. it plays significant role in diverse physiological and pathological events such as inflammation, apoptosis, autoimmunity and organogenesis. the gene of a new member of tnfr family, designated as cftnfr2, was cloned and characterized from scallop, chlamys farreri. the full-length cdna of cftnfr2 consisted of 1,501 nucleotides with a poly (a) tail, encoding a polypeptide of 378 amino acids with the ...	2010	21132383
vancomycin-functionalised ag@tio2 phototoxicity for bacteria.	this study reports on the synthesis of vancomycin (van)-functionalised ag@tio(2) nanoparticles and their enhanced bactericidal activities. van-ag@tio(2) nanoparticles were prepared by nanoparticle deposition and chemical cross-linking reactions. the catalysts showed high efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet (uv) illumination. the photocatalytic inactivation of the sulphate-reducing bacteria, desulfotomaculum, was also studied under uv light irradiation and in the da ...	2010	21115223
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of macrophage migration inhibitory protein (mif) in chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) as a multi-functional cytokine mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses, however, their function within the innate immune system of invertebrates remains largely unknown. therefore, we investigated the immune functionality of mif in chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis), a commercially important and disease vulnerable aquaculture species. the full-length mif cdna (704 bp) was cloned via pcr based upon an initial expressed sequence tag (e ...	2010	21087669
subcellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibrio anguillarum.	the efficacy of cellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 to protect rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibriosis was assessed. groups of fish (average weight = 10-15 g) were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.1 ml of subcellular materials, i.e., 0.2 ± 0.05 mg protein per fish, comprising extracellular proteins (ecps), cell wall proteins (cwps) and whole cell proteins (wcps) of sm1 and sm2, respectively, or with 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline ...	2010	21078398
cloning, genomic structure, and expression analysis of peroxiredoxin v from bay scallop argopecten irradians.	peroxiredoxins (prxs) constitute a superfamily of antioxidative proteins that play important roles in protecting organisms against damage from reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, the peroxiredoxin v gene from argopecten irradians (ai-prxv) was isolated and characterized. the full-length ai-prxv cdna consists of 1689 bp with a 567 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes 188 amino acids. three putative polyadenylation consensus signals (aataaa) were found in the 953 bp long 3'-utr. the ...	2010	21078396
vibriosis vaccines based on various sero-subgroups of vibrio anguillarum o2 induce specific protection in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) juveniles.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of three monovalent and a trivalent vibriosis dip vaccines in juvenile atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), examine whether the responses were specific and study the expression of selected immune genes after dip vaccination. in addition, the study addressed whether the deviating isolates of vibrio anguillarum serotype o2 belongs to another sero-subgroup than the previously established sero-subgroups o2a, o2b and o2c. rabbit v. anguillarum sero ...	2010	21078394
mutation of a novel virulence-related gene mltd in vibrio anguillarum enhances lethality in zebra fish.	vibrio anguillarum, a halophilic gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of vibriosis, which is a major problem for the aquaculture industry worldwide. previously, a virulence-related gene fragment of v. anguillarum was obtained from a suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) library. in this study, the complete gene sequence was obtained by long and accurate pcr (la-pcr). after sequence analysis and homologous comparison, this new virulence-related gene was revealed to encode a putat ...	2010	21070855
an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii, exhibited antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo.	the anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) are a group of effector molecules of innate immunity in arthropods, exhibiting binding and neutralizing activities to lipopolysaccharides. in this study, an alf cdna sequence (pcalf1) was identified from red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii. the deduced peptide of pcalf1 was conserved; it manifested the signal peptide and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding domain, especially the two conserved cysteine residues at both ends of the domain. transcripts of ...	2010	21056107
alternation of venerupis philippinarum hsp40 gene expression in response to pathogen challenge and heavy metal exposure.	hsp40 was an understudied protein family with co-chaperone activity. in the present study, a hsp40 homology was cloned from venerupis philippinarum haemocytes (designated as vphsp40) by est analysis and race approaches. the expression profiles of vphsp40 under vibrio anguillarum challenge and heavy metal exposure were investigated by quantitative real-time rt-pcr. the bacterial challenge could significantly up-regulate the mrna expression, and the highest expression level was detected at 24 h po ...	2010	21056105
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two apoptosis genes, caspase and nm23, involved in the antibacterial response in chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.	apoptosis is a central regulatory feature of the immune system, and the most common form of death among immunological cells. however, the function of apoptosis, within the innate immune system of invertebrates, remains largely unknown. for this reason, we investigated the immune functionality of two apoptosis genes, caspase and nm23, in the chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis), which is a commercially important and disease vulnerable aquaculture species. the entire length caspase and nm23 cd ...	2010	21050890
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) homologue in turbot (scophthalmus maximus): molecular characterization and expression analysis.	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) acts as an important mediator in multiple biological processes induced by different cytokines. so far, little information is available in fish stat3. in this study, turbot (scophthalmus maximus) stat3 gene was cloned and characterized for the first time. the turbot stat3 full-length cdna consists of 2355 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 784 amino acids with four conserved domains including stat_int, stat_alpha, stat_bind and sh2 dom ...	2010	21035551
detection of autoinducer (ai-2)-like activity in food samples.	the contamination, survival, and possible foodborne disease outbreaks are major issues confronting the food industry. however, from a microbial perspective, any food whether natural or processed is just another environmental niche that is available for colonization. quorum sensing or cell-cell communication is a process by which microorganisms are thought to communicate with each other using a variety of small molecules termed autoinducers. the autoinducer ai-2 is thought to be a universal signa ...	2011	21031305
molecular characterization of a novel big defensin from clam venerupis philippinarum.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important mediators of the primary defense mechanism against microbial invasion. in the present study, a big defensin was identified from venerupis philippinarum haemocytes (denoted as vpbd) by race and est approaches. the vpbd cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 285 bp encoding a polypeptide of 94 amino acids. the deduce amino acid sequence of vpbd shared the common features of big defensin including disulfide array organization and helix structure, i ...	2010	20975988
molecular characterization of a mollusk chicken-type lysozyme gene from haliotis discus hannai ino, and the antimicrobial activity of its recombinant protein.	a chicken-type lysozyme was obtained and characterized from the abalone haliotis discus hannai ino (hdlysc). the full-length cdna of hdlysc was 586 bp, and it contained an open reading frame of 441 bp, encoding a 147-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 15.64 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.87. the amino acid sequence of hdlysc possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure and function of c-type lysozymes, including the two catalytic residues, glu54 ...	2010	20951809
cloning and characterization of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) from manila clam venerupis philippinarum.	allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) is a 17 kda interferon-γ-inducible ca(2+)-binding ef-hand protein that plays a significant role not only in different host responses to inflammatory stimuli, but in the whole host immune defense reaction. in the present study, the full-length cdna of aif-1 was identified from manila clam venerupis philippinarum (denoted as vpaif-1) by cdna library and race approaches. the cdna of vpaif-1 consisted of a 5-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 153 bp, a 3'ut ...	2010	20933601
in vitro adherence of two candidate probiotics from atlantic cod and their interference with the adhesion of two pathogenic bacteria.	the potential of two candidate probiotic bacteria (gp21 and gp12), isolated from the gut of atlantic cod, to adhere to primary cultures of the epithelial cells from the different regions of the intestine and to interfere with the adhesion of two pathogens, vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were investigated. the intestinal isolates showed clear preference in adhering to the cells from the different intestine segments. gp12 adhered strongly to the fore- and mid intes ...	2010	20884135
diet enriched with mushroom phellinus linteus extract enhances the growth, innate immune response, and disease resistance of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus against vibriosis.	the effect of diet supplemented with phellinus linteus fed for 30 days was investigated in grouper epinephelus bruneus challenged with vibrio anguillarum, vibrio harveyi, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio carchariae; infected and treated fish had a significantly higher percent weight gain and feed efficiency. in groups fed with enriched diet and challenged with v. anguillarum and v. harveyi the mortality rate declined with a consequent rise in survival rate than with other pathogens. on the other ...	2010	20883799
molecular cloning, genomic organization and antibacterial activity of a second isoform of antilipopolysaccharide factor (alf) from the mud crab, scylla paramamosain.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) serve a major role in host defense systems against microbial invasion. in this study, a novel isoform (alfsp2) of antilipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) was cloned from the mud crab, scylla paramamosain. the open reading frame of the alfsp2 cdna is 348 bp and encodes for a predicted 115 amino acid residues (12.92 kda), and a mature protein of 94 amino acids and a molecular mass of 10.79 kda. the amino acid sequence of alfsp2 has an overall similarity of 74%, 66% and ...	2010	20883796
upregulation in response to infection and antibacterial activity of oyster histone h4.	several histones and histone-derived peptides have been shown to have antimicrobial activity and a potential role in innate immune defenses. a histone h4 sequence was identified in a subtractive suppression library containing genes upregulated in american cupped oysters, crassostrea virginica, in response to challenge with the protozoan parasite perkinsus marinus. oyster histone h4 protein levels significantly increased in hemocyte lysates and cell free hemolymph of oysters experimentally challe ...	2010	20883794
screening of genes expressed in vivo after infection by vibrio anguillarum m3.	genes uniquely expressed in vivo may contribute to the overall pathogenicity of an organism and are likely to serve as potential targets for the development of new vaccine. this study aims to screen the genes expressed in vivo after vibrio anguillarum infection by in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat).	2010	20849396
prolactin-induced production of reactive oxygen species and il-1β in leukocytes from the bony fish gilthead seabream involves jak/stat and nf-κb signaling pathways.	prolactin (prl), a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland, was shown to play an important role in the modulation of the immune system of lower and higher vertebrates. to further investigate the effects of prl on the activation of professional phagocytes of bony fish, we stimulated head kidney leukocytes and purified macrophages from the gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) with various physiological concentrations of native salmon prl for 2 and 16 h and analyzed the respiratory burst ac ...	2010	20826756
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of cathepsin a gene in chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.	cathepsins, a superfamily of hydrolytic enzymes produced and enclosed within lysosomes, function in immune response in vertebrates; however, their function within the innate immune system of invertebrates remains largely unknown. therefore, we investigated the immune functionality of cathepsin a (cata) in chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis), a commercially important and disease vulnerable aquaculture species. the full length cata cdna (2200 bp) was cloned via pcr based upon an initial expre ...	2011	20817057
molecular cloning, characterization, expression and activity analysis of cathepsin l in chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.	cathepsins, a superfamily of hydrolytic enzymes produced and enclosed within lysosomes, function in immune response in vertebrates; however, their function within the innate immune system of invertebrates remains largely unknown. therefore, we investigated the immune functionality of cathepsin l (catl) in chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis), a commercially important and disease vulnerable aquaculture species. the full-length catl cdna (1274 bp) was cloned via pcr based upon an initial expre ...	2010	20732429