Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| evaluating trap crops for diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | potential trap crops for the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae), were evaluated through a series of ovipositional preference and larval survival experiments in outdoor screenhouses in 2002 and 2003. hosts examined as trap crops were glossy and waxy collards, brassica oleracea l. variety acephala; indian mustard, brassica juncea (l.) czern; and yellow rocket, barbarea vulgaris (r. br.) variety arcuata. more eggs were laid on the potential trap crops, with the ex ... | 2004 | 15384349 |
| rapid report acetamiprid resistance and cross-resistance in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | a 110-fold acetamiprid-resistant plutella xylostella (l) strain was established after four selection experiments (in five generations) on a 9.5-fold resistant colony in the laboratory. the resistant strain did not show cross-resistance to chlorfluazuron or bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki berliner, but displayed low resistance to cartap and phenthoate. | 2004 | 15382497 |
| microbial control of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) using bacteria (xenorhabdus nematophila) and its metabolites from the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | cells and cell-free solutions of the culture filtrate of the bacterial symbiont, xenorhabdus nematophila taken from the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae in aqueous broth suspensions were lethal to larvae of the diamondback moth plutella xylostella. their application on leaves of chinese cabbage indicated that the cells can penetrate into the insects in the absence of the nematode vector. cell-free solutions containing metabolites were also proved as effective as bacterial cells ... | 2004 | 15362188 |
| genetics of spinosad resistance in a multi-resistant field-selected population of plutella xylostella. | resistance to the bacteria-derived insecticides spinosad (conserve), abamectin (vertimec), bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (btk) (dipel), b thuringiensis var aizawai (bta) (xentari), b thuringiensis crystal endotoxins cry1ac and cry1ca, and to the synthetic insecticide fipronil was estimated in a freshly-collected field population (ch1 strain) of plutella xylostella (l) from the cameron highlands, malaysia. laboratory bioassays at g1 indicated significant levels of resistance to spinosad, ab ... | 2004 | 15307676 |
| emission of plutella xylostella-induced compounds from cabbages grown at elevated co2 and orientation behavior of the natural enemies. | several plant species defend themselves indirectly from herbivores by producing herbivore-induced volatile compounds that attract the natural enemies of herbivores. here we tested the effects of elevated atmospheric co(2) (720 micromol mol(-1)) concentration on this indirect defense, physiological properties, and constitutive and induced emissions of white cabbage (brassica oleracea ssp. capitata, cvs lennox and rinda). we monitored the orientation behavior of the generalist predator podisus mac ... | 2004 | 15299116 |
| evaluation of sequential presence-absence sampling plans for the diamondback moth (plutellidae: lepidoptera) in cruciferous crops in australia. | two sets of sequential presence-absence sampling plans for decision-making in the management of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), were developed and evaluated. one set of sampling plans targeted the classification of proportions of infested plants, and the other set of sampling plans targeted the classification of larval density. the action thresholds investigated were 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 proportion of plants infested with larvae, and 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 larvae per plant. the ... | 2004 | 15279299 |
| [repellent and antifeedant effect of secondary metabolites of non-host plants on plutella xylostella]. | based on the theory of co-evolution between plants and phytophagous insects, the repellent and antifeedant effect of secondary metabolites of non-host plants on diamondback moth(dbm) plutella xylostella was studied, aimed at finding out the oviposition repellents and antifeedants of insect pests. when the ethanol extracts(etho exts) of bauhinia variegata, eucalyptus tereticornis, euphorbia hirta, duranta repens, zanthoxylum bungeanum, magnolia grandiflora, and nicotiana tabacum were applied resp ... | 2004 | 15228000 |
| elevated atmospheric co(2) affects the chemical quality of brassica plants and the growth rate of the specialist, plutella xylostella, but not the generalist, spodoptera littoralis. | cabbage, brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. lennox and rinda), and oilseed rape, brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. valo and tuli), plants were grown under ambient co(2) (360 ppm) or elevated co(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees c and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the generalist spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ... | 2004 | 15212467 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in the european biocontrol market. | in europe total revenues in the biocontrol market have reached approximately 200 million euros. the sector with the highest turn-over is the market for beneficial invertebrates with a 55% share, followed by microbial agents with approximately 25%. annual growth rates of up to 20% have been estimated. besides microbial plant protection products that are currently in the process of re-registration, several microbial products have been registered or are in the process of registration, following the ... | 2003 | 15149088 |
| infection of the immature stages of diadegma semiclausum, an endolarval parasitoid of the diamondback moth, by beauveria bassiana. | interactions between the immature stages of diadegma semiclausum, an endolarval parasitoid of plutella xylostella, and the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana were investigated in the laboratory. detrimental effects of b. bassiana on d. semiclausum cocoon production and adult parasitoid emergence increased with increasing pathogen concentration and some parasitoid larvae became infected by b. bassiana within hosts. the negative impact of b. bassiana on d. semiclausum cocoon production decre ... | 2004 | 15145252 |
| effects of bt plants on the development and survival of the parasitoid cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae) in susceptible and bt-resistant larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | a range of crops have been transformed with delta-endotoxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to produce transgenic plants with high levels of resistance to lepidopteran pests. parasitoids are important natural enemies of lepidopteran larvae and the effects of bt plants on these non-target insects have to be investigated to avoid unnecessary disruption of biological control. this study investigated the effects of cry1ac-expressing transgenic oilseed rape (brassica napus) on the solitary bra ... | 2004 | 15121457 |
| identification of a new hobo element in the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae (lepidoptera). | a complete hobo-like element, called mbhobo, was identified in the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae. this element has a high sequence similarity to the hfl1 hobo element of drosophila melanogaster. amplification of mbhobo termini indicated that transposition occurred into a 5'-gtgggtac-3' target sequence that was duplicated upon insertion. this target site conforms to the consensus sequence established for the insertion sites of insect hat elements. mbhobo has a single 1935 bp long orf with sign ... | 2003 | 15061816 |
| expression and characterization of a recombinant cry1ac crystal protein with enhanced green fluorescent protein in acrystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis. | to investigate fusion expression between bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein and a foreign protein, the expression of a fusion protein comprised of cry1ac, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) in b. thuringiensis cry(-)b strain was examined. | 2004 | 15059210 |
| dna methylation in insects. | cytosine dna methylation has been demonstrated in numerous eukaryotic organisms and has been shown to play an important role in human disease. the function of dna methylation has been studied extensively in vertebrates, but establishing its primary role has proved difficult and controversial. analysing methylation in insects has indicated an apparent functional diversity that seems to argue against a strict functional conservation. to investigate this hypothesis, we here assess the data reported ... | 2004 | 15056357 |
| a dynamic binomial sequential sampling plan for plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on broccoli and cauliflower in australia. | binomial sequential sampling plans have been used widely for monitoring invertebrate pest populations. such plans are typically based upon a single action threshold (at), which represents the level of infestation that the grower is prepared to accept before using a control measure. for many cropping systems this acceptable infestation level is likely to vary, being dependent on factors such as the growth stage of the crop and the value or demands of the destination market (e.g., local or high-qu ... | 2004 | 14998136 |
| effect of serial transfer of three strains of paecilomyces fumosoroseus on growth in vitro, virulence, and host specificity. | serial passage of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes has been shown to alter virulence and host specificity. we evaluated virulence, host specificity, biomass production, conidiation, conidial germination, and a genetic fingerprint of 3 strains of paecilomyces fumosoroseus after passage in vitro or in vivo in diuraphis noxia or plutella xylostella. strain 4461 did not change in virulence toward d. noxia or p. xylostella after 30 passages in vitro nor after 15 passages in d. noxia. however, it lost vi ... | 2004 | 14992859 |
| the discovery of pyridalyl: a novel insecticidal agent for controlling lepidopterous pests. | synthesis of analogues of two compounds with known insecticidal activity, both of which contain a 3,3-dichloro-2-propenyloxy group, produced 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl 3,3-dichloro-2-propenyl ether, which had weak activity against lepidopterous larvae. structural modifications around this lead compound led to the development of pyridalyl [pleo, s-1812; 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxy]propyl ether], which belongs to a new class of insectici ... | 2004 | 14727738 |
| [construction of insecticidal recombinant bacillus thuringiensis using an integrative vector]. | insecticidal crystal protein gene cry1c which is highly toxic to spodoptera exigua was cloned into an integrative vector pbmb-f7e, which was derived from bacillus thuringiensis transposon tn4430. the recombinant integrative plasmid pbmb-flc harboring the cry1c gene was gained and transformed into a wild-type bt strain ybt803-1. a transformant bmb803-a was obtained, and grown at 46 degrees c for about 120 generations, from which three recombinants with cry1c gene integrating into the chromosome w ... | 2003 | 14682242 |
| binding and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis protein cry1c to susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | we studied mechanisms of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1c in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). binding assays with midgut brush border membrane vesicles prepared from whole larvae showed no significant difference between resistant and susceptible strains in binding of radioactively-labeled cry1c. these results indicate that reduced binding of cry1c to midgut membrane target sites did not cause resistance to cry1c. thus, the mechanism of resist ... | 2000 | 14658503 |
| cloning and expression of the insecticidal crystal protein gene cry1ca9 of bacillus thuringiensis g10-01a from taiwan granaries. | a new cry gene (cry1ca9) was cloned and sequenced from a bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to taiwan (g10-01a). the cry1c-type gene, designated cry1ca9, consisted of an open reading frame of 3,567 bp, encoding a protein of 1,189 amino acid residues. the polypeptide has the deduced amino acid sequences predicting molecular masses of 134.7 kda. the gene sequence was compared against the genbank nucleotide sequence data base. it was found that the cry1ca9 gene coded for a 134.7-kda protoxin whi ... | 2003 | 14629010 |
| inheritance of resistance to bt canola in a field-derived population of plutella xylostella. | crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal cry proteins are grown on millions of hectares. recommendations to delay resistance are based on a high expression/refugia strategy that aims to kill resistant heterozygotes and enable some susceptible insects to survive. leaf-dip bioassays on f1 crosses of malaysian populations of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella (l)) showed that crylac resistance was not fully recessive. the survival of ca 50% of heterozygotes on bt canola (brassic ... | 2003 | 14620045 |
| an arabidopsis thaliana gene for methylsalicylate biosynthesis, identified by a biochemical genomics approach, has a role in defense. | emission of methylsalicylate (mesa), and occasionally of methylbenzoate (meba), from arabidopsis thaliana leaves was detected following the application of some forms of both biotic and abiotic stresses to the plant. maximal emission of mesa was observed following alamethicin treatment of leaves. a gene (atbsmt1) encoding a protein with both benzoic acid (ba) and salicylic acid (sa) carboxyl methyltransferase activities was identified using a biochemical genomics approach. its ortholog (albsmt1) ... | 2003 | 14617060 |
| rapid evolution and the cost of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in greenhouse populations of cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni. | the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has become the mainstay of non-chemical control of lepidopteran pests, either as sprays or through the incorporation of bt toxins into transgenic crops. given the wide use of bt, it is striking that currently only one pest species, plutella xylostella, has been reported to have developed significant resistance to bt outside the laboratory. by contrast, we report here the frequent and rapid development of resistance to b. thuringiensis kurstak ... | 2003 | 14613613 |
| transgenic plants expressing two bacillus thuringiensis toxins delay insect resistance evolution. | preventing insect pests from developing resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops is a major challenge for agriculture. theoretical models suggest that plants containing two dissimilar bt toxin genes ('pyramided' plants) have the potential to delay resistance more effectively than single-toxin plants used sequentially or in mosaics. to test these predictions, we developed a unique model system consisting of bt transgenic broccoli plants and the diamondback mot ... | 2003 | 14608363 |
| baculoviral polyhedrin as a novel fusion partner for formation of inclusion body in escherichia coli. | baculoviral polyhedrin, which originated from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), was employed for the first time as a novel fusion partner for expression of foreign proteins in an escherichia coli system. we characterized the expression of recombinant polyhedrin protein fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp). the polyhedrin fusion protein ( approximately 58 kda) was successfully expressed as an insoluble inclusion body comprising approximately 30% of the total cellular ... | 2003 | 14574705 |
| microbial ecology of bacillus thuringiensis: fecal populations recovered from wildlife in korea. | a total of 34 fecal samples, collected from 14 species of wild mammals in korea, were examined for the occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis. the organism was detected in 18 (53%) samples. among the three food-habit groups, herbivorous animals yielded the highest frequency (69%) of samples positive for b. thuringiensis, followed by omnivorous animals (50%). of the six fecal samples from carnivorous animals, only one sample contained b. thurin giensis. among 527 isolates belonging to the bacillus ... | 2003 | 14569287 |
| insect resistance to transgenic bt crops: lessons from the laboratory and field. | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) grew on >62 million ha worldwide from 1996 to 2002. despite expectations that pests would rapidly evolve resistance to such bt crops, increases in the frequency of resistance caused by exposure to bt crops in the field have not yet been documented. in laboratory and greenhouse tests, however, at least seven resistant laboratory strains of three pests (plutella xylostella [l.], pectinophora gossypiell ... | 2003 | 14503572 |
| identification of cry1i-type genes from bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a novel cry1i-type gene. | a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for identification of cry1i-type genes from bacillus thuringiensis was established by designing a pair of universal primers based on the conserved regions of the genes to amplify 1,548-bp cry1i-type gene fragments. amplification products were digested with the bsp119i and bani enzymes, and four kinds of known cry1i-type genes were successfully identified. the results showed that cry1i-type genes appeared in 95 of 115 b. thuringiensis isolates ... | 2003 | 12957903 |
| [chemical composition of volatile oil from chromolaena odorata and its effect on plant, fungi and insect growth]. | the volatile oil from c. odorata had a significant effect on the growth of plants, fungi and insects. the result showed that the seedling growth of five test plants was obviously inhibited, in the order of ryegrass > chinese cabbage > radish > snap been > rice. the inhibitory effect of the oil at its middle concentration (800 mg.l-1) for pyricularia grisea was the strongest, the next was to phytophthora nicotianae, and the weakest was to fusarium axysporum. the inhibitory percentage was 61.40%, ... | 2003 | 12924132 |
| a saponin correlated with variable resistance of barbarea vulgaris to the diamondback moth plutella xylostella. | two types of barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata, the g-type and the p-type, differed in resistance to larvae of the diamondback moth (dbm) platella xylostella. rosette plants of the g-type were fully resistant to the dbm when grown in a greenhouse or collected in the summer season, but leaves collected during the late fall were less resistant, as previously found for flea beetle resistance. the p-type was always susceptible. extracts of resistant leaflets inhibited larval growth in a bioassay, and a ... | 2003 | 12918925 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in resistant and susceptible strains of pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella). | evolution of resistance by pests could cut short the success of transgenic plants producing toxins from bacillus thuringiensis, such as bt cotton. the most common mechanism of insect resistance to b. thuringiensis is reduced binding of toxins to target sites in the brush border membrane of the larval midgut. we compared toxin binding in resistant and susceptible strains of pectinophora gossypiella, a major pest of cotton worldwide. using cry1ab and cry1ac labeled with (125)i and brush border mem ... | 2003 | 12915184 |
| tritrophic choice experiments with bt plants, the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) and the parasitoid cotesia plutellae. | parasitoids are important natural enemies of many pest species and are used extensively in biological and integrated control programmes. crop plants transformed to express toxin genes derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) provide high levels of resistance to certain pest species, which is likely to have consequent effects on parasitoids specialising on such pests. a better understanding of the interaction between transgenic plants, pests and parasitoids is important to limit disruption of bio ... | 2003 | 12779123 |
| the characterization of microsporidian isolates (nosematidae: nosema) from five important lepidopteran pests in taiwan. | microsporidian isolates from five lepidopteran pests-spodoptera litura, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, plutella xylostella, and pieris spp.-were compared by spore morphology, infectivity to s. litura, western-blot banding patterns, the sequences of small subunit rrna gene (ssurrna sequence), and random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). all the isolates could infect experimentally and multiply in the larvae of s. litura. the s. exigua isolate showed the hig ... | 2003 | 12725812 |
| the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus contains the capsid-associated p24 protein gene. | during the course of investigations on a wild-type strain of lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv), a region of the viral genome was analyzed and found to contain 697 bp that is lacking in the sequenced strain (5-6) of ldmnpv (kuzio et al., virology 253, 17-34, 1999). the sequenced strain of ldmnpv contains a mutation in the 25 k few polyhedra (fp) gene, and exhibits the phenotype of a fp mutant. the additional sequence was located at approximately 81.4 map units withi ... | 2003 | 12680688 |
| differential parasitism of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) larvae by the parasitoid cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae) on two host plant species. | laboratory experiments were conducted to examine host selection by cotesia plutellae kurdjumov when larvae of its host, plutella xylostella (linnaeus), fed on chinese cabbage, brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis and those fed on common cabbage, brassica oleracea l. var. capitata were provided simultaneously, and to investigate the roles of plant and host volatiles in mediating host selection. when c. plutellae were provided with equal numbers of host larvae on plants of the two species in one ... | 2003 | 12593684 |
| broccoli plants with pyramided cry1ac and cry1c bt genes control diamondback moths resistant to cry1a and cry1c proteins. | this study was undertaken to determine the effects of pyramiding two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes in the same plant on the production of bt proteins and the control of diamondback moths (dbm, plutella xylostella) resistant to one or the other protein. broccoli lines carrying both cry1ac and cry1c bt genes were produced by sexual crosses of cry1ac- and cry1c-transgenic plants. plants containing both genes were selected by tests for resistance to kanamycin and hygromycin, and confirmed by pcr ... | 2002 | 12582527 |
| characterization and comparison of midgut proteases of bacillus thuringiensis susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (plutellidae: lepidoptera). | the midgut proteases of the bacillus thuringiensis resistant and susceptible populations of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. were characterized by using protease specific substrates and inhibitors. the midgut contained trypsin-like proteases of molecular weights of 97, 32, 29.5, 27.5, and 25 kda. of these five proteases, 29.5 kda trypsin-like protease was the most predominant in activation of protoxins of cry1aa and cry1ab. the activation of cry1ab protoxin by midgut protease was fas ... | 2003 | 12581714 |
| susceptibility of diamond back moth, plutella xylostella (l) to entomopathogenic nematodes. | eight entomopathogenic nematode species / strains, steinernema glaseri (steiner), s. carpocapsae (weiser), s. feltiae (filipjev), steinernema sp. ecomax strain, heterorhabditis bacteriophora (pioner), heterorhabditis sp. ecomax strain, two locally isolated strains called as jfc and tfc were tested against the final instar larvae of diamond back moth, plutella xylostella (l.). all nematodes were found pathogenic. however, h. bacteriophora was adjudged the most pathogenic amongst the test nematode ... | 2000 | 12561960 |
| [the analysis of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticical protein gene cloning and expression]. | three kinds of bacillus thuringiensis serotype-subsp. leesis(h33) strain ybt-833, subsp. aizawai(h7) strain ybt-1416 and subsp. kurstaki(h3ab) strain ybt-1535, which were isolated by our lab, are chosen as original strain to clone vegetative insecticidal protein gene. southern hybridization showed that vip genes are all localized at roughly 4-5 kb size-fractionated xbai fragments of total dna from ybt-833, ybt-1416 and ybt-1535. three subgenomic libraries containing the vip gene fragment, were c ... | 2002 | 12561202 |
| [the study on cloning and expression of bt cry1ab13 gene]. | b. thuringiensis strain c005 with high insecticidal activity to several kinds of pests, screened from china, was identified that it contained cry1ab gene by pcr-rflp. southern blotting showed that a 8.5 kb positive band of plasmid dna digested with psti contained cry1ab gene. the gene was cloned from bt c005 and the results of sequence analysis showed that cry1ab13 gene contained a 3468 bp open reading frame, encoding a 130.6 kd protein composing 1155 amino acids. the ie point of cry1ab13 protei ... | 2002 | 12557346 |
| [a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on bacillus thuringiensis transposon tn4430]. | a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system of bacillus thuringiensis(bt) transposon tn4430 was developed. the gene cry1ac10, encoding a protoxin against plutella xylostella larvae, and the gene ori1030, from a plasmid of wide type bacillus thuringiensis, were inserted into two copy sets of res sites, named pbmb801. when pbmb801 was introduced into crystal negative bt host bmb171, antibiotic resistance genes and other non-bt dna can be sel ... | 2000 | 12548990 |
| [expression and insecticidal characteristics of cry3a in lepidoptera-specific bacillus thuringiensis]. | the cry3a gene coding coleoptera-specific protein was transformed into a wild strain ybt803-1 by electroporation, a transformant bmby-001 was obtained. sds-page analysis demonstrated that cry3a could express 64 kd protein in bmby-001. however, the expression of cry1ab and cry1ac were effected. bioassay showed that bmby-001 was not only highly toxic to phyllodecta vulgatissima larva(lc50 0.413 microl/ml) but also toxic to plutella xylostella(lc50 3.319 microl/ml). | 2000 | 12548935 |
| toxicities of emamectin benzoate homologues and photodegradates to lepidoptera. | the toxicity of a number of emamectin benzoate homologues and photodegradates to five species of lepidoptera was investigated using diet and foliar bioassays. the emamectin benzoate homologues b1a and b1b were equally toxic in the diet and foliar assays to spodoptera exigua (hübner), heliothis virescens (f.), tricoplusia ni (hübner), and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), within each of these species. plutella xylostella (l.) was the most sensitive species to emamectin benzoate. the ab1a photo ... | 2002 | 12539830 |
| impact of oilseed rape expressing the insecticidal cysteine protease inhibitor oryzacystatin on the beneficial predator harmonia axyridis (multicoloured asian ladybeetle). | insect-resistant transgenic plants have been suggested to have deleterious effects on beneficial predators through transmission of the transgene product by the pest to the predator. to test this hypothesis, effects of oilseed rape expressing the cysteine protease inhibitor oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) on the predatory ladybird harmonia axyridis were investigated using diamondback moth plutella xylostella as the pest species. as expected, oilseed rape expressing oc-1 had no effects on either developmen ... | 2003 | 12535099 |
| identification and characterization of a conserved baculoviral structural protein odvp-6e/odv-e56 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral odvp-6e/odv-e56, a baculoviral envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the chfugv odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene was located on an 11-kb bamhi subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers, which were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 39 kda structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived vir ... | 2002 | 12470594 |
| identification and characterization of a putative baculoviral transcriptional factor ie-1 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a protein homologue to baculoviral ie-1 was identified and sequenced in the genome of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the gene has an 1278 nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (orf) that encodes 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 50.33 kda. at the nucleotide level, several cis-acting regulatory elements were detected within the promoter region of the ie-1 gene of chfugv along with other studied granuloviruses (gvs). two putative ccaat elem ... | 2002 | 12470588 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cauliflower: optimization of protocol and development of bt-transgenic cauliflower. | a number of factors that are known to influence genetic transformation were evaluated to optimize agrobacterium-mediated transformation of hypocotyl explants of cauliflower variety pusa snowball k-1. the binary vector p35sgusint mobilized into agrobacterium strain gv2260 was used for transformation and transient gus expression was used as the basis for identifying the most appropriate conditions for transformation. explant age, preculture period, bacterial strain and density were found to be cri ... | 2002 | 12381873 |
| insect control and dosage effects in transgenic canola containing a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cryiac gene. | zygotic hypocotyls of canola (brassica napus l.) cv oscar, cv westar, and the breeding line uga188-20b were transformed with a truncated synthetic bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein gene (bt cryiac) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. fifty-seven independently transformed lines were produced, containing 1 to 12 copies of the transgenes. a range of cry expressors was produced from 0 to 0.4% cry as ... | 1996 | 12226379 |
| isolation and characterization of a strain of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki containing a new delta-endotoxin gene. | a strain of bacillus thuringiensis that showed significantly high toxicity to plutella xylostella and spodoptera exigua was isolated from a korean soil sample and characterized. the isolate, named b. thuringiensis k1, was determined to belong to ssp. kurstaki (h3a3b3c) type by an h antisera agglutination test and produced bipyramidal inclusions. plasmid pattern of k1 was different from that of the reference strain, ssp. kurstaki hd-1, but the parasporal inclusion protein profile of k1 had two ma ... | 2002 | 12192530 |
| larvicidal activity against plutella xylostella of cordycepin from the fruiting body of cordyceps militaris. | the insecticidal activities of methanol extracts of cordyceps militaris link (ascomycotina: clavicipitaceae) cultured on fresh pupae of bombyx mori l against 3rd-instar larvae of plutella xylostella l were examined using direct contact application. the larvicidal activity was more pronounced in an extract of c militaris fruiting body than in an extract of the pupae separated from the culture. the biologically active constituent of the cordyceps fruiting body was characterized as cordycepin (3'-d ... | 2002 | 12146173 |
| recombinant scorpion insectotoxin aait kills specifically insect cells but not human cells. | the nucleotide sequence deduced from the amino acid sequence of the scorpion insectotoxin aait was chemically synthesized and was expressed in escherichia coli. the authenticity of this in vitro expressed peptide was confirmed by n-terminal peptide sequencing. two groups of bioassays, artificial diet incorporation assay and contact insecticidal effect assay, were carried out separately to verify the toxicity of this recombinant toxin. at the end of a 24 h experimental period, more than 60% of th ... | 2002 | 12118940 |
| aminopeptidase n isoforms from the midgut of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella -- their classification and the factors that determine their binding specificity to bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin. | novel aminopeptidase n (apn) isoform cdnas, bmapn3 and pxapn3, from the midguts of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella, respectively, were cloned, and a total of eight apn isoforms cloned from b. mori and p. xylostella were classified into four classes. bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ab toxins were found to bind to specific apn isoforms from the midguts of b. mori and p. xylostella, and binding occurred with fragments that corresponded to the bmapn1 cry1aa toxin-binding region of each apn ... | 2002 | 12023048 |
| comparative analysis of quantitative trait loci controlling glucosinolates, myrosinase and insect resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | evolutionary interactions among insect herbivores and plant chemical defenses have generated systems where plant compounds have opposing fitness consequences for host plants, depending on attack by various insect herbivores. this interplay complicates understanding of fitness costs and benefits of plant chemical defenses. we are studying the role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase chemical defense system in protecting arabidopsis thaliana from specialist and generalist insect herbivory. we used two ... | 2002 | 12019246 |
| developmental toxicity of flupyrazofos, a new organophosphorus insecticide, in rats. | flupyrazofos is a new type of pyrazole organophosporus insecticide, which has a high activity against the diamond-back moth (plutella xylostella). the potential of this agent to induce developmental toxicity was investigated in the sprague-dawley rat. one hundred mated females (sperm in vaginal lavage=day 0) were distributed among three treated groups and a control group. flupyrazofos was administered by gavage to pregnant rats from days 7-17 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 5, 12 and 30 mg/kg/ ... | 2002 | 11955679 |
| fluorometric microplate assay to measure glutathione s-transferase activity in insects and mites using monochlorobimane. | elevated levels of glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play a major role as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides and acaricides in resistant pest insects and mites, respectively. such compounds are either detoxicated directly via phase i metabolism or detoxicated by phase ii metabolism of metabolites as formed by microsomal monooxygenases. here we used monochlorobimane (mcb) as an artificial substrate and glutathione to determine total gst activity in equivalents of single pest insects and sp ... | 2002 | 11950219 |
| identification of a triterpenoid saponin from a crucifer, barbarea vulgaris, as a feeding deterrent to the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, a crucifer specialist, refuse to feed on a crucifer, barbarea vulgaris, because of the presence of a feeding deterrent, which is extractable with chloroform. we isolated a feeding deterrent from b. vulgaris leaves, by successive fractionations with silica-gel, ods, i.e., c18 reversed phase, and sephadex lh-20 column chromatographies, and ods-hplc, guided by a bioassay for feeding deterrent activity. the structure of the compound was determined ... | 2002 | 11944835 |
| examination of the f2 screen for rare resistance alleles to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | a synthetic laboratory population of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), was used to test the f2 screen developed for detecting the frequency of rare resistance alleles to cry1ac and cry1c toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). of the 120 single-pair matings set up, 106 produced enough f2 families for screening of cry1ac or cry1c resistance alleles using both transgenic broccoli and an artificial diet overlay assay with a diagnostic dose. when using bt broccoli plants as the f2 scree ... | 2002 | 11942749 |
| olfactory responses of plutella xylostella natural enemies to host pheromone, larval frass, and green leaf cabbage volatiles. | the parasitoids trichogramma chilonis (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) and cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae), and the predator chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae), are potential biological control agents for the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae). we present studies on the interactions between these bioagents and various host-associated volatiles using a y olfactometer. t chilonis was attracted to a synthetic pheromone blend (z11-16:ald, z11-16: ... | 2002 | 11871395 |
| penetration of cuticle and proliferation in hemolymph by paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates that differ in virulence against lepidopteran larvae. | frequencies of cuticular penetration and speed of proliferation in hemolymph were demonstrated for two isolates of paecilomyces fumosoroseus that differ in virulence against diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. penetrant hyphae of virulent isolate 4461 were visible in larval cuticle cross-sections of diamondback moth and fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, within 22 h after inoculation. virtually no penetration was observed for isolate 1576 for up to 52 h after inoculation. isolate 4461 also ... | 2001 | 11812110 |
| different cross-resistance patterns in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae) resistant to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c. | two strains of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), were selected using cry1c protoxin and transgenic broccoli plants expressing a cry1c toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). both strains were resistant to cry1c but had different cross-resistance patterns. we used 12 bt protoxins for cross-resistance tests, including cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1bb, cry1c, cry1d, cry1e, cry1f, cry1j, cry2ab, cry9aa, and cry9c. compared with the unselected sister strain (bcs), the resistance ratio (br) ... | 2001 | 11777062 |
| cloning and characterization of the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis. | molecular cloning and characterization of a novel cry gene, cry32aa, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis was carried out. the cry32aa protein was predicted to have a molecular mass of 139.2 kda and was found to have an unusual 42-amino-acid-long tail at the c terminus. the cry32aa gene was localized on the 103-mda plasmid of the organism. bioassays showed no toxicity against several moths and mosquitoes. however, it exhibited weak toxicity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutell ... | 2002 | 11772653 |
| mutagenic analysis of a conserved region of domain iii in the cry1ac toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | we used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the function of four alternating arginines located at amino acid positions 525, 527, 529, and 531 in a highly conserved region of domain iii in the cry1ac toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. we created 10 mutants: eight single mutants, with each arginine replaced by either glycine (g) or aspartic acid (d), and two double mutants (r525g/r527g and r529g/r531g). in lawn assays of the 10 mutants with a cultured choristoneura fumiferana insect cell line (cf1), ... | 2002 | 11772627 |
| [evaluation of plant protectants against pest insects]. | an interference index of population control (iipc) was constructed for investigating the complex effects of plant protectants, including the effects of repelling insect pests away from the plant, deterring the egg laying of adults and the continuation of feeding, and causing death by toxicity. at the same time, indicated by iipc, the alcohol extracts of some common plants, such as eucalytus rubusta, wedelia chinensis etc. and the neem oil gave very good results to protect the plant against plute ... | 2000 | 11766564 |
| cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is toxic to the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and synergizes the activity of cry1ac towards a resistant strain. | the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cytolytic protein cyt1aa was found to be toxic to an insecticide-susceptible laboratory population of plutella xylostella. cry1ac-resistant populations of p. xylostella showed various degrees of resistance to cyt1aa. cyt1aa/cry1ac mixtures showed a marked level of synergism in the cry1ac-resistant populations. | 2001 | 11722947 |
| shared binding sites in lepidoptera for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ja and cry1a toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis toxins act by binding to specific target sites in the insect midgut epithelial membrane. the best-known mechanism of resistance to b. thuringiensis toxins is reduced binding to target sites. because alteration of a binding site shared by several toxins may cause resistance to all of them, knowledge of which toxins share binding sites is useful for predicting cross-resistance. conversely, cross-resistance among toxins suggests that the toxins share a binding site. at least ... | 2001 | 11722929 |
| molecular cloning of a new crystal protein gene cry1af1 of bacillus thuringiensis nt0423 from korean sericultural farms. | a new cry1ab-type gene encoding the 130 kda protein of bacillus thuringiensis nt0423 bipyramidal crystals was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in a crystal-negative b. thuringiensis host. hybridization experiments revealed that the crystal protein gene is located on a 44 mda plasmid of b. thuringiensis nt0423. a strong positive signal detected on the 6.6 kb hindiii fragment from b. thuringiensis nt0423 plasmid dna was cloned and sequenced. the cry1ab-type gene, designated cry1af1, consisted of o ... | 2001 | 11685507 |
| identification of a novel class of insect glutathione s-transferases involved in resistance to ddt in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the sequence and cytological location of five anopheles gambiae glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes are described. three of these genes, aggst1-8, aggst1-9 and aggst1-10, belong to the insect class i family and are located on chromosome 2r, in close proximity to previously described members of this gene family. the remaining two genes, aggst3-1 and aggst3-2, have a low sequence similarity to either of the two previously recognized classes of insect gsts and this prompted a re-evaluation of the ... | 2001 | 11583575 |
| a comparison of techniques for detecting invertebrate iridescent virus 6. | the aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision of various methods for the detection and quantification of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) (iridoviridae) isolated from a the stem-boring moth chilo suppressalis, and to apply these techniques to the detection of covert infections in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. the relationship between the virus concentration and absorbance at 260 nm was linear over the range of 1.6 x 10(9)-5.6 x 10(10) particles/ml. tcid(50) assay ... | 2001 | 11576637 |
| isolation of bacillus thuringiensis from intertidal brackish sediments in mangroves. | intertidal brackish sediments in mangroves were examined for isolation of bacillus thuringiensis strains with novel toxicity spectra. a total of 18 b. thuringiensis isolates were recovered from eight sediment samples (36.4%) out of 22 samples tested. the frequency of b. thuringiensis was 1.3% among the colonies of bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis group. while five isolates were allocated to the four h serogroups, the majority of the isolates were serologically untypable or untestable. two isolat ... | 2001 | 11572461 |
| variation in susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis toxins among unselected strains of plutella xylostella. | so far, the only insect that has evolved resistance in the field to bacillus thuringiensis toxins is the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). documentation and analysis of resistant strains rely on comparisons with laboratory strains that have not been exposed to b. thuringiensis toxins. previously published reports show considerable variation among laboratories in responses of unselected laboratory strains to b. thuringiensis toxins. because different laboratories have used different unselec ... | 2001 | 11571163 |
| the complete sequence of the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was determined and analysed. the genome is composed of 123500 bp and has a g+c content of 45.2%. it contains 143 orfs of 150 nucleotides or more that show minimal overlap. one-hundred-and-eighteen (82.5%) of these putative genes are homologous to genes previously identified in other baculoviruses. among them, 73 are homologous to genes of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), whereas 108 and 98 are h ... | 2001 | 11562546 |
| susceptibility of a field-derived, bacillus thuringiensis-resistant strain of diamondback moth to in vitro-activated cry1ac toxin. | resistant and susceptible populations of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) were tested with crystalline, solubilized, and partially and fully activated forms of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin. fully activated toxin greatly reduced the resistance ratio (ratio of the 50% lethal concentration for the resistant population to that for the susceptible population) of the resistant population, suggesting that a defect in toxin activation is a major resistance mechanism. | 2001 | 11526050 |
| establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species. | cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. a total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earw ... | 2001 | 11515970 |
| factors influencing the infectivity of isolates of paecilomyces fumosoroseus against diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolate 1576 was isolated from an insect, but is avirulent against larvae of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and several other species. isolate 1576 grew faster and produced more conidia than isolate 4461 on potato dextrose agar. pregermination of conidia failed to increase the infectivity of isolate 1576, but the procedure did increase the infectivity of isolates 3682, 4461, and 4482. isolates 1576 and 4461 were both more infective when moisture was high during ... | 2001 | 11500091 |
| optimum timing of insecticide applications against diamondback moth plutella xylostella in cole crops using threshold catches in sex pheromone traps. | field trials were conducted in cabbage (brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (b oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (b oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in karnataka state (india) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12-24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and ... | 2001 | 11455637 |
| cross-resistance and stability of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c in diamondback moth. | we tested toxins of bacillus thuringiensis against larvae from susceptible, cry1c-resistant, and cry1a-resistant strains of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). the cry1c-resistant strain, which was derived from a field population that had evolved resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, was selected repeatedly with cry1c in the laboratory. the cry1c-resistant strain had strong cross-resistance to cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry1f, low to moderate cross-resi ... | 2001 | 11425744 |
| exchange of domain i from bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins influences protoxin stability and crystal formation. | influence of domain i exchange on the stability and production of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 protoxins as well as on the shape of inclusion and toxicity to spodoptera exigua and plutella xylostella larvae was investigated. chimeric genes were prepared by exchanging the regions coding for domain i between cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1c, and cry1e. the accc chimera accumulated into bipyramidal inclusion bodies, whereas cee produced round-shaped inclusion bodies, and ecc and aaee protoxins produced ... | 2001 | 11375655 |
| cross-resistance and inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in diamondback moth (plutella xylostella l) from lowland malaysia. | a field population of plutella xylostella from malaysia (serd4) was divided into five sub-populations and four were selected (g2-g5) with the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal (cry) toxins cry1ac, cry1ab, cry1ca and cry1da. bioassay at g6 gave resistance ratios of 88, 5, 2 and 3 for cry1ac, cry1ab, cry1ca and cry1da respectively compared with the unselected sub-population (unsel-serd4). the cry1ac-selected population showed little cross-resistance to cry1ab, cry1ca and cry1da, (3-, 2- ... | 2001 | 11374157 |
| lipids of brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) from plutella xylostella resistant and susceptible to cry1ac delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | plutella xylostella (px) that were 130000-fold more resistant to cry1ac were selected from the susceptible strain and maintained in the laboratory. the lc50 of the susceptible strain (pxs) was 0.38 microg toxin/g diet, whereas that of the resistant strain (pxr) was 4800 microg toxin/g diet. brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) were prepared from both pxs and pxr. in ligand blot analysis, cry1ac bound to a 120-kda protein of bbmv; however, the intensity of the band was almost equal in both strai ... | 2001 | 11337261 |
| behavioral responses of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, to green leaf volatiles of brassica oleracea subsp. capitata. | green leaf volatiles (glvs) from brassica oleracea subsp. capitata l. have been identified as 1-hexanol, (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexen-3-ol, hexanal, (e)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, and (z)-3-hexenyl acetate, by their mass spectra and retention times in comparison with authentic samples. no isothiocyanates were found in the extract. the activity of these chemicals has been determined on mated and unmated males and females of the diamondback moth (dbm) plutella xylostella in the laboratory (wind tunnel ... | 2000 | 11312775 |
| effects of a mustard trypsin inhibitor expressed in different plants on three lepidopteran pests. | the effects of mustard trypsin inhibitor mti-2 expressed at different levels in transgenic tobacco, arabidopsis and oilseed rape lines have been evaluated against three different lepidopteran insect pests. 1. plutella xylostella (l.) larvae were the most sensitive to the ingestion of mti-2. the inhibitor expressed at high levels in arabidopsis plants caused rapid and complete mortality. high mortality and significantly delayed larval development were also detectable in oilseed rape expressing mt ... | 2001 | 11267898 |
| screening of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin on the artificial phospholipid monolayer incorporated with brush border membrane vesicles of plutella xylostella by optical biosensor technology. | the binding of cry1ac, an insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis, to a brush border membrane (bbm) isolated from midguts of the diamondback moth plutella xylostella was examined by surface plasmon resonance (spr)-based biosensor. bbm was mixed with 1,3-ditetradecylglycero-2-phosphocholine (pc14), a neutral charged artificial lipid, and was reconstructed to a monolayer on a hydrophobic chip for the biosensor. the binding of cry1ac to the reconstructed monolayer was analyzed by a two-state ... | 2001 | 11245889 |
| greenhouse tests on resistance management of bt transgenic plants using refuge strategies. | experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of resistance management tactics is vital to help provide guidelines for the deployment of transgenic insecticidal crops. transgenic broccoli expressing a cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), were used in greenhouse tests to evaluate the influence of size and placement of nontransgenic refuge plants on changes in resistance allele frequency and pest population growth. in the first test with an ... | 2001 | 11233120 |
| evaluation of action thresholds and spinosad for lepidopteran pest management in minnesota cabbage. | action thresholds, based on the percentage of plants infested, for the lepidopteran pest complex in fresh-market cabbage brassica oleracea variety capitata were evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in southern minnesota. three lepidopteran pests are common in minnesota, including the imported cabbageworm, pieris (=artogeia) rapae (l.), diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), and the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner). most of the thresholds tested included all three pests. however, because t. ni ... | 2001 | 11233112 |
| [expression of 2.1 kb enhancin gene fragment from helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus in escherichia coli]. | the 2.1 kb fragment of enhancin gene from helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus was inserted into vector pqe-30 and expressed successfully in e. coli m15(prep4). the synergy of expression product(p78) on acmnpv against the larvae of plutella xylostella was also studied. the results indicated that the percentage of correct mortality of the larvae increased 27.88%-32.92% in 10 post-infection days. | 2000 | 11191765 |
| [transfer of cry1c gene into bacillus thuringiensis by electroporation to construct strain with broader insecticidal activity]. | three transformants were selected by transferring cry1c into bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt1535. plasmid profiles, pcr and southern blot result all proved that cry1c had been transferred into strain ybt1535. bioassay results showed that the transformants of strain ybt1535 displayed significantly higher toxicity against spodoptera exigua than strain ybt1535, but the toxicities against heliothis armigera and plutella xylostella did not rise except transformant ybt1535-2. | 2000 | 11191763 |
| transgenic crop plants expressing synthetic cry9aa gene are protected against insect damage. | a synthetic gene sequence of cry9aa was made to achieve high expression levels in a plant cell. tobacco, potato, cauliflower and turnip rape plants were transformed with this synthetic gene driven by the double 35s promoter using agrobacterium tumefaciens lba4404. the presence and expression of the synthetic cry9aa gene was evaluated in southern, northern and western analysis and with insect bioassays. the expression of the gene in tobacco plants reached a level of 5 pg of mrna per 1 µg of total ... | 2001 | 11164606 |
| mannose phosphate isomerase isoenzymes in plutella xylostella support common genetic bases of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in llpidopteran species. | a strong correlation between two mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) isoenzymes and resistance to cry1a toxins from bacillus thuringiensis has been found in a plutella xylostella population. mpi linkage to cry1a resistance had previously been reported for a heliothis virescens population. the fact that the two populations share similar biochemical, genetic, and cross-resistance profiles of resistance suggests the occurrence of homologous resistance loci in both species. | 2001 | 11157273 |
| assessment of insecticide resistance in five insect pests attacking field and vegetable crops in nicaragua. | field populations of hypothenemus hampei (ferrari), plutella xylostella (l.), spodoptera exigua (hübner), helicoverpa zea (boddie) and bemisia tabaci (gennadius) were tested for resistance to several insecticides commonly used in nicariagua. assays were conducted to estimate the ld50s or lc50s and the corresponding resistance ratios. a diagnostic concentration was used to discriminate between susceptible and resistant strains of h. hampei. the tests with >6,000 h. hampei adults collected from si ... | 2000 | 11142313 |
| cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis lacks toxicity to susceptible and resistant larvae of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) and pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella). | we tested cyt1aa, a cytolytic endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis, against susceptible and cry1a-resistant larvae of two lepidopteran pests, diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) and pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella). unlike previous results obtained with mosquito and beetle larvae, cyt1aa alone or in combination with cry toxins was not highly toxic to the lepidopteran larvae that we examined. | 2001 | 11133481 |
| [the characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt833 and its transformants that containing different icp genes]. | four different transformants were selected by transferring cry1c into bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt833. southern blot and plasmid profiles results all proved that cry1c was transferred into strain ybt833. however, it was found by pcr analysis that transformant ybt833-1 kept all indigenous icp(insecticidal crystal protein) genes of strain ybt833 while transformant ybt833-2 lost cry1ab, and transformant ybt833-3 lost all icp genes. sds-page showed that transformants of ybt833-1, ybt833-2 and y ... | 2000 | 11132501 |
| toxicity of chitinase-producing bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki hd-1 (g) toward plutella xylostella. | one-hundred fifty isolates of bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their ability to produce chitinase using colloidal chitin agar as the primary plating medium. of 14 strains that produced chitinase, b. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki hd-1(g) was identified as the highest chitinase producer and selected for further study. this bacterium produced the highest amount of chitinase (19.3 mu/ml) when it was cultivated in nutrient broth supplemented with 0.3% colloidal chitin on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) ... | 2000 | 11112372 |
| identification of the diadegma species (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae, campopleginae) attacking the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | the species of diadegma that attack plutella xylostella (linnaeus) are revised. following a morphometric study involving principal components and discriminant analyses, seven distinct morphospecies are recognized. one species is described as new: d. novaezealandiae from new zealand. diadegma mollipla (holmgren) is the name for the species from sub-saharan africa and some indian ocean and south atlantic islands. diadegma varuna gupta syn. nov. and d. niponica kusigemati syn. nov. are both synonym ... | 2000 | 11082555 |
| induced plant defense responses against chewing insects. ethylene signaling reduces resistance of arabidopsis against egyptian cotton worm but not diamondback moth. | the induction of plant defenses by insect feeding is regulated via multiple signaling cascades. one of them, ethylene signaling, increases susceptibility of arabidopsis to the generalist herbivore egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis; lepidoptera: noctuidae). the hookless1 mutation, which affects a downstream component of ethylene signaling, conferred resistance to egyptian cotton worm as compared with wild-type plants. likewise, ein2, a mutant in a central component of the ethylene signa ... | 2000 | 11080278 |
| conflicts between a fungal entomopathogen, zoophthora radicans, and two larval parasitoids of the diamondback moth. | zoophthora radicans (zygomycetes: entomophthorales), diadegma semiclausum (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae), and cotesia plutellae (hymenoptera: braconidae) are all natural enemies of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae). adult c. plutellae are not susceptible to z. radicans infection but the pathogen can infect and kill adult d. semiclausum. infection of adult d. semiclausum prior to exposure to p. xylostella host larvae significantly reduced the number of parasitoi ... | 2000 | 11023731 |
| seasonal abundance of the parasitoid complex associated with the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) in hangzhou, china. | an investigation of insect parasitoids of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus), in brassica vegetable crops in the suburbs of hangzhou was conducted during five periods from 1989 to 1997. eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: trichogramma chilonis ishii, cotesia plutellae kurdjumov, microplitis sp., oomyzus sokolowskii kurdjumov, diadromus collaris (gravenhorst), itoplectis naranyae (ashmead), exochus sp. and brachymeria excarinata gahan. seven species of hyperparas ... | 2000 | 10996863 |
| oviposition by plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and effects of phylloplane waxiness. | three approaches were used to investigate effects of host plant epicuticular waxes on oviposition site selection by plutella xylostella (l.). in the first approach, oviposition on canola (brassica napus l.) that had epicuticular wax reduced by application of a carbamate herbicide (s-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) was compared with oviposition on untreated control plants. a second approach compared oviposition on sibling strains of b. napus with different wax blooms (glossy and waxy), and a third a ... | 2000 | 10985025 |
| long pcr improves wolbachia dna amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% of sixty-three arthropod species. | bacteria belonging to the genus wolbachia are associated with a variety of reproductive anomalies in arthropods. allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (= standard pcr) routinely has been used to amplify wolbachia dna from arthropods. while testing the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae and other arthropods known to be infected with wolbachia, standard pcr frequently produced false negatives, perhaps because the dna from the arthropod host interfered with amplification by taq dna pol ... | 2000 | 10971717 |
| development and characterization of diamondback moth resistance to transgenic broccoli expressing high levels of cry1c. | a field-collected colony of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, had 31-fold resistance to cry1c protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. after 24 generations of selection with cry1c protoxin and transgenic broccoli expressing a cry1c protein, the resistance that developed was high enough that neonates of the resistant strain could complete their entire life cycle on transgenic broccoli expressing high levels of cry1c. after 26 generations of selection, the resistance ratios of this strain to c ... | 2000 | 10966391 |
| cloning of a new bacillus thuringiensis cry1i-type crystal protein gene. | a new cry1i-type gene, cry1id1, was cloned from a b. thuringiensis isolate, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of cry1id1 is 89.7%, 87.2%, and 83.4% identical to the cry1ia, cry1ib, and cry1ic proteins, respectively. the upstream sequence of the cry1id1 structural gene was not functional as promoter in b. subtilis. the cry1id1 protein, purified from recombinant e. coli cells, had a toxicity comparable to that of cry1ia against plutella xylostella, but it ... | 2000 | 10919402 |