Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease: update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) continues to be an important differential diagnosis on pig farms in the united states and worldwide. case trend analyses indicate that the incidence of pcvad is on the rise in the united states. accurate diagnosis is important in order to implement appropriate intervention strategies. pcvad can manifest as a systemic disease, as part of the respiratory disease complex, as an enteric disease, as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrom ... | 2007 | 17998548 |
| expression of the porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein subunits and application to an indirect elisa. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is a newly emerged economically important swine disease. the entire coding region of open reading frame 2 (orf2), encoding the viral capsid protein (cap), of pcv2 was cloned and sequenced from the clinical specimen obtained from pmws-affected piglets. six recombinant subunits, a-f, spanning the defined regions of cap were produced by e. coli expression system and used as ... | 2008 | 17996970 |
| genomic analysis of pcv2 isolates from danish archives and a current pmws case-control study supports a shift in genotypes with time. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. pcv2, however, is found in both pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds. the objective of this study was to clarify if pcv2 genome nucleotide sequences isolated from pigs from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds cluster phylogenetically in two separate groups. all isolates (45) belonged to pcv2 group 1 and shared a nucleotide sequence identity of 99.4-100% indicating a ve ... | 2008 | 17996404 |
| a proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). despite first sequencing studies did not find any association between pcv2 sequences and pmws occurrence, recent works have suggested the opposite. in the present study, 87 open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequences obtained from pigs with different clinical conditions and coming from farms with different pmws status were analyzed. results further confirmed the existence of two gen ... | 2008 | 17976930 |
| molecular diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, eight pig tissue samples from two brazilian states were analyzed using six pcr primer pairs amplifying a 1705-bp fragment of the pcv-2 genome. the nj distance-based method was used for the phylogenetic analysis with the eight field strains herein, 15 genbank sequences and using pcv-1 as an out-group. this yielded two major clusters (a and b) for this viral species, with the brazilian strains segregating wi ... | 2008 | 17976668 |
| development of a novel hot-start multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, african swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. | a novel hot-start multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting multiple viral infections of swine. specific primers for each of five virus genomes, namely classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) were used. combined nucleic acid purification was carried out using a commercia ... | 2008 | 17975735 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 2--pathogen transmission via semen, air and living/nonliving vectors]. | the transmission of prdc-pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds, which was summarized in the first part of the review, mainly occurs via pig movement. the risk of pathogen transmission by insemination with contaminated semen plays only a relevant role in the infection with prrsv and pcv2. a risk of the aerogen transmission of pathogens between herds within a distance of 2 to 3 km is described for m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv. evidence ... | 2007 | 17970334 |
| studies on the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs. | thirty-eight natural cases of aetiologically unclear non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs were studied retrospectively. brain samples were examined for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine enteroviruses (pevs), ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2), borna disease virus (bdv) and suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1) by molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. histological examination of the brains revealed var ... | 2007 | 17951563 |
| development and applications of a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein. | the development of diagnostic assays for detecting beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) has traditionally been hampered by the difficulty associated with producing suitable reagents, namely purified virus and polyclonal antibodies. in an effort to develop a consistent and standardised source of antibody, a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant bfdv capsid protein has been developed and its use in western blotting, immunohistochemistry (ihc), elisa and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assays cha ... | 2008 | 17942162 |
| t lymphocyte epitope mapping of porcine circovirus type 2. | immunoreactive t lymphocyte epitopes within the orf1, orf2, and orf 3 products of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were mapped. for this, overlapping linear 20-mer peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to induce t lymphocyte proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from experimentally pcv2-infected pigs. after a preliminary screening of 31 (orf1), 23 (orf2), and 10 (orf3) peptides using pbmcs from 4 pcv2-infected pigs, none of the peptides app ... | 2007 | 17931109 |
| the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus infection in wild populations of parrots and cockatoos in new zealand. | to determine the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) infection in exotic parrots and cockatoos in the wild in new zealand. | 2007 | 17928900 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 1--diagnosis, transmission by animal contact]. | knowledge on the different ways of transmitting prdc pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv 2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds is of special interest for the development of biosecurity measures or the retrospective risk analysis in the framework of activities of the consulting veterinarian. in this literature review the current knowledge of the transmission of prdc-pathogens is summarized. since the assessment of investigations into pathogen detection in detail is in ... | 2007 | 17927073 |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| mortality in pigs given porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup 1 and 2 viruses derived from dna clones. | 2007 | 17890775 | |
| enhanced replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a homogeneous subpopulation of pk15 cell line. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has emerged as a major disease that poses a significant threat to the economics of global swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causal agent of pmws in pigs. currently, the prevention of pcv2 infection based on vaccines is limited, and the available vaccines are either killed viral vaccines or recombinant protein based vaccines and not cost effective. the pk-15 cells, which is widely used for pcv2 propagation, is not efficient ... | 2007 | 17889922 |
| thermal stability of porcine circovirus type 2 in cell culture. | international trade in pig meat has resulted in some countries placing restrictions on the importation of pig meat, with requirements for cooking of imported meat to destroy viral agents. this study investigated the in vitro resistance of an australian strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), to heat treatment. the viability of the virus in cell cultures was determined by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymera ... | 2008 | 17889378 |
| first description of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar (sus scrofa) in croatia and phylogenetic analysis of partial pcv2 sequences. | this report describes the first case of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar in croatia. during the winter season of 2004, eight wild young piglets (of approximately 2 to 5 months of age) were found dead in a fenced hunting area. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out on mesenteric lymph nodes and all animals yielded positive results. in one of these animals diagnosis of pmws was established based on the three key diagnostic criteria including the clinical mani ... | 2007 | 17867466 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from pigs in high-seroprevalence areas in southeastern china. | increasing evidences indicate that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, the prevalence of pcv2 infection in swine herds in southeastern china was investigated by elisa and pcr, as well as the genetic characteristics by nucleic acid sequencing. seroprevalence of pcv2 in samples collected from 89 swine herds was significantly higher by elisa in post-weaning (54.1%) and growing piglets (49.9%) than that of ... | 2007 | 17851745 |
| virucidal efficacy of nine commercial disinfectants against porcine circovirus type 2. | a number of commercially available disinfectants are commonly used on pig breeding farms and are authorised by the french agricultural ministry. however, the efficacy of these disinfectants is unknown with regard to the emergent porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the virucidal efficacy of nine disinfectants was evaluated by testing a suspension of pcv2 isolated in france. the assays were performed at 20 degrees c and the efficacy determined after 30 min contact time between virus and disinfectant ... | 2008 | 17851101 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-associated cerebellar vasculitis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with several syndromes in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. in the present study, a previously undescribed neurovascular disorder associated with a pcv2 infection is described. sixteen pigs showed clinical signs of wasting and neurologic deficits. acute hemorrhages and edema of cerebellar meninges and parenchyma due to a necrotizing vasculitis resulted in degeneration ... | 2007 | 17846234 |
| the emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (pcv-2b) in swine in canada. | since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent pcv-2 strain could be infecting swine. in 2005, 13 pmws cases were submitted to the quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and pcv-2 w ... | 2007 | 17824323 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection: induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the gnotobiotic swine model of pcv2-associated disease. | groups (5 to 15 per group) of gnotobiotic swine were infected oronasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) at 3 days of age and then given 1 of 6 different commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) bacterins as either a single dose (7 d of age, 1 application products) or 2 doses (7 and 21 d of age, 2 application product). control groups received pcv2 alone (n = 9) or were infected with pcv2 and immunized twice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund' ... | 2007 | 17824156 |
| effect of a porcine circovirus type 2 infection on embryos during early pregnancy. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on porcine embryos and their receptor sows during the first 21 days of pregnancy. hatched blastocysts exposed to 10(5.0) tcid50 pcv2 per ml (strain 1121, fifth passage pk15) and negative control embryos were transferred to pcv2-immune receptor sows at the 7th day of the cycle. two weeks after transfer (d21), the receptor sows were euthanized and embryos were recovered. they were assessed macroscopically fo ... | 2007 | 17719623 |
| immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein targeting to different subcellular compartments. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging disease in swine. the development of effective vaccines against pcv2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of pmws, and a dna vaccine expressing the major immunogenic capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is considered to be a promising candidate. however, recent studies have revealed that interferons (ifns), especially ifn-gamma, can enhance th ... | 2008 | 17709139 |
| phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in pmws and pdns korean pigs between 1999 and 2006. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with several disease outcomes in swine, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (pdns). over an 8-year period (1999-2006), we detected 36 pcv2 strains from pmws and pdns cases. complete genes of the detected pcv2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. the sequences encoding a putative capsid protein, orf2, of 233 pcv2 strains, isolated in korea and throughout the world, could be div ... | 2007 | 17706315 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in republic of korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the orf2 capsid protein gene fragment showed that field isolate in republic of korea (rok), pcv2 yjk 0703, was closely related with the pcv2 fh18 isolate. pcv2 yjk 0703 was genetically distinct and not related to previously reported rok isolates. therefore, genotypic variation exists among prevailing pcv2 in rok. this result suggests that s ... | 2008 | 17698155 |
| survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in new south wales piggeries. | to determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is occurring in the new south wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | 2007 | 17685974 |
| performance of fattening pigs in a farm infected with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and porcine circovirus type 2 following sow and piglet vaccination with an attenuated prrs vaccine. | the purpose of the study was to investigate whether, on farms with both post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), the prrs vaccination of sows and their fattening pigs protects against these syndromes. in a farrow-to-finish pig farm with a history of prrs and pmws, 200 gilts and sows were allocated to one of two groups of equal size. the first group (c-sow group) was used as untreated controls, while the animals of the second gro ... | 2007 | 17650147 |
| a new method to identify cell types that support porcine circovirus type 2 replication in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded swine tissues. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is detected in high amounts within the characteristic microscopic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs. in spite of recent advances on disease pathogenesis, the precise cell types that support viral replication are still a major issue of scientific discussion. in this study, a new methodology to detect cell types that support pcv2 replication was designed. for this purpose, two in situ hybridisation (ish) methods were develop ... | 2007 | 17640741 |
| ontogeny of systemic cellular immunity in the neonatal pig: correlation with the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aetiology of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is poorly understood. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is an essential component of the experimental disease model for pmws: however, evidence from experimental and field studies indicates that additional factors play a critical role in the aetiopathogenesis of pmws. current candidates include (1) immune stimulation (for example, via co-infection or vaccination), and (2) a novel infectious agent. a prospective, longitud ... | 2007 | 17629574 |
| reovirus infections associated with high mortality in psittaciformes in the netherlands. | in the netherlands between january 2002 and december 2004, numerous psittaciformes died showing severe splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with multifocal acute necrosis. at the start of the outbreaks mostly parakeets were affected, but later larger parrots were also involved. seventy-eight birds showed the same features and six were examined completely, including a virological examination. tests for polyomavirus, pacheco's disease (herpesvirus) and circovirus psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd ... | 2007 | 17620175 |
| genome analysis and epidemiological investigation of goose circovirus detected in eastern china. | goose circovirus (gocv), a potential immuno-suppressive virus, was detected in a sample collected from yongkang avian influenza (ai) case in zhejiang province of eastern china. further, epidemiological investigation showed that, four farms located in the two major rearing areas of yongkang and xiangshan out of eight in zhejiang province were positive for gocv. however, the geese in these gocv positive farms exhibited no apparent clinical abnormality. the complete genomes of ten isolates from yon ... | 2007 | 17619136 |
| detection of neutralizing antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs. | the notion that postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs develop an impaired humoral response against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been reported in several studies. however, little information is available regarding the presence of neutralizing antibodies (na) in pcv2-infected pigs and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. the aim of the present work was to further characterize the humoral response, and in particular the production of na, in pigs with diff ... | 2007 | 17611048 |
| association of myocarditis with high viral load of porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets. a case study. | during a period of 1.5 months, a newly established pig herd experienced a high number of mummifications and stillbirths, a high neonatal mortality rate, and many piglets with congenital tremors or hind leg ataxia. after clinical and histological investigations, the submitted animals were divided into 4 groups: mummified or stillborn (n = 6), live born with myocarditis (n = 5) (average age 22.8 days), live born without myocarditis (n = 14) (average age 20.0 days), and control animals from a diffe ... | 2007 | 17609345 |
| [monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars]. | sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of russia and in the kharkov region of the ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. wild boars in some regions of russia were shown to be carriers of aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. the classical swine fever (csf) virus genome was detected by polymerase chai ... | 2007 | 17601049 |
| transient correlation between viremia levels and il-10 expression in pigs subclinically infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | immunological impairment by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is well documented in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. nonetheless, little is known about immune status of pigs that remain pcv2 subclinically infected. thus, seven pigs successfully infected in an experimental inoculation and without developing disease and nine control non-inoculated pigs were examined. serological, virological and immunological determinations were done throughout ten weeks pos ... | 2008 | 17592737 |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 interacts with porcine ubiquitin e3 ligase pirh2 and facilitates p53 expression in viral infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. we previously showed that a newly identified protein, orf3, plays a major role in virus-induced apoptosis and is involved in viral pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. to characterize the role of the orf3 protein in modulation of cellular function, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a porcine cdna library to find its interacting partner. we have isolat ... | 2007 | 17581998 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| porcine circovirus 2 replication in colostrum-deprived piglets following experimental infection and immune stimulation using a modified live vaccine against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). although koch's postulates have been fulfilled for pcv2 and pmws, the severe clinical expression of the disease observed in field cases has been difficult to reproduce experimentally. some studies have demonstrated that immune stimulation associated with the use of some commercially available swine vaccines may trigger progression of pcv2 infe ... | 2007 | 17542965 |
| construction and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 carrying a genetic marker strain. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. to generate a genetic marker strain of pcv2, the full-length genome of the virus was amplified using pcr, and two copies of the genome were ligated in tandem to construct an infectious molecular clone. a sal i restriction enzyme site was inserted into the clone as a genetic marker, and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine kidney cells to generate mutant virus. t ... | 2007 | 17499377 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) revealed by analysis of the cap gene (orf-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, 19 of 870 samples from pigs from different brazilian states were found to be positive for pcv-2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fragment of 700 nt of the cap gene (orf-2) from the 19 pcv-2-positive samples were sequenced using three pairs of primers (fa/ra, fb/rb and fc/rc). maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using the 19 field strain studied here, 21 sequences from genbank and pc ... | 2007 | 17497236 |
| homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during dna replication in escherichia coli. | in this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in head-to-tail tandem (htt) [a partial copy of pcv type 1 (pcv1), a complete copy of pcv type 2 (pcv2) and two origins of dna replication (ori)] yielded three different double-stranded dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct (u), the unit-length pcv1/pcv2 genome with a composite ori lacking the plasmid vector (q(rc)) ... | 2007 | 17497233 |
| sequence comparison of pigeon circoviruses. | the genome sequences of eight pigeon circoviruses (picv) were determined and compared with four previously published sequences. the viruses compared were from the usa, five european countries, china and australia and included picvs from racing, feral, ornamental and meat pigeons and a senegal dove (streptopelia senegalensis). the 12 picv genomes, ranging from 2032 to 2040 nucleotides in length, displayed similar organizations. pairwise comparisons showed that the genome nucleotide sequence ident ... | 2008 | 17493647 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome associated with porcine circovirus 2 infection in a yorkshire pig. | we describe a case of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) in a 14-wk-old yorkshire pig purchased from a commercial farm for research use. physical examination of the affected animal upon arrival revealed multifocal, red, papular skin lesions on the rump, vulva, perineum, thighs, and lower hindlegs. at necropsy, gross lesions consisted of dermatitis, bilaterally enlarged kidneys and patchy pulmonary congestion. histologic findings included multiorgan necrotizing vasculitis with pro ... | 2007 | 17487958 |
| evidence for recombination in natural populations of porcine circovirus type 2 in hong kong and mainland china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the family circoviridae, and is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. in this study, phylogenetic analyses of three complete pcv2 genomic sequences from hong kong suggest that natural recombination happened among different lineages of pcv2. a preliminary investigation of the parental strains of these potential recombinants was carried out using bootscanning. statistical significance of this recombination eve ... | 2007 | 17485533 |
| solution structure of the endonuclease domain from the master replication initiator protein of the nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus and comparison with the corresponding geminivirus and circovirus structures. | nanoviruses are a family of plant viruses that possess a genome of multiple circular single-stranded dna (ssdna) components and are strikingly similar in their replication mode to the plant geminiviruses and to the circoviruses that infect birds or mammals. these viruses multiply by rolling circle replication using virus-encoded multifunctional replication initiator proteins (rep proteins) that catalyze the initiation of replication on a double-stranded dna (dsdna) intermediate and the resolutio ... | 2007 | 17472345 |
| inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in pk-15 cells by small interfering rnas targeting the rep gene. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering rna (sirna), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. in this study, three sirna expression plasmids (ps-repa, ps-repb and ... | 2007 | 17467930 |
| development and validation of a recombinant capsid protein-based elisa for detection of antibody to porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been recently associated with a number of disease syndromes, especially postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws). herein, an alternative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of pcv2 antibody was developed using nuclear localization signal-truncated capsid protein of pcv2 produced in escherichia coli (cap elisa). this assay was validated by comparison with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (iif) and a pcv2-based elisa. th ... | 2008 | 17467754 |
| genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial pekin ducks in new york. | the genetic organization of the duck circovirus (ducv) 33753-52 detected in commercial pekin duck flocks from long island, ny, is described. the nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with ducvs previously detected in germany and hungary. it is possible that this ducv from new york shares the same ancestor with the european counterparts. the virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading fram ... | 2007 | 17461272 |
| brain lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-pcv2) immunostaining was associated with cerebellar lymphohistiocytic vasculitis combined with hemorrhages (50 pigs) or with lymphohistiocytic meningitis (23 pigs) in pigs naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the animals originated from 12 farms in rio grande do sul, brazil. in total, 456 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs confirmed as pmws cases were necropsied. although most findings mimicked those extensively ... | 2007 | 17459844 |
| epidemiological investigation of the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in japan. | to investigate the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in 692 weaned pigs with various clinical signs, commonly including wasting or weight loss, collected from 129 swine farms between 2000 and 2003. the presence of pmws was diagnosed by the detection of characteristic histological lesions and moderate to large amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigen within the lesions in multiple lymphoid tissu ... | 2007 | 17459833 |
| status of porcine circovirus diseases in western canada. | 2007 | 17436902 | |
| a review of viral diseases of the european wild boar: effects of population dynamics and reservoir rôle. | there has been a worldwide increase in the number and geographical spread of wild boar populations in recent decades leading to an increase in both the circulation of disease agents and greater contact with domestic animals and humans. diseases affect the population dynamics of wildlife but the effects of most viral diseases on the european wild boar are largely unknown. many viral diseases present in domestic pig populations are also present in wild boars where they can provide a disease reserv ... | 2008 | 17420149 |
| quantification of pcv2 capsid transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vitro. | the presence of pcv2 dna or spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) for viral replication was assessed following addition of pcv2 to resting or concanavalin a (cona) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). real-time pcr or real-time rt-pcr assays were used to measure viral dna or cap mrna, respectively. the study demonstrated that pcv2 replication increased in infected pbmcs over time. replication within infected pbmcs was significantly (p<0.05) increased when pbmcs were stimulated with co ... | 2007 | 17418508 |
| a novel method for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 replicative double stranded viral dna and nonreplicative single stranded viral dna in tissue sections. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen of swine, is the necessary cause of post weaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws); pcv2 infection is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome (pdns). current immunohistochemical (ihc) methodologies identify pcv2 antigens but are not capable of differentiating replicating virus from nonreplicating virion particles in tissue sections. in this paper, a combination of ihc using commercial monoclonal antibodies ... | 2007 | 17402607 |
| immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in an eclectus parrot. | a 2-year-old female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was evaluated by a veterinarian because of a 4-day history of progressive lethargy, weakness, poor appetite, and inactivity. the bird was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for further examination. | 2007 | 17397343 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in romania--short communication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). this report describes the first detection of pcv2 and associated diseases in a romanian swine herd located in transylvania. the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for pdns and pmws. polymerase chain reaction and in situ ... | 2007 | 17385564 |
| vaccination of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected sows against porcine parvovirus (ppv) and erysipelas: effect on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and on pcv2 genome load in the offspring. | the effect of different parvovirus+erysipelas vaccination schemes in pcv2-infected sows on pmws outcome in the offspring was investigated under experimental conditions. six pcv2-free sows were first infected oro-nasally with pcv2 two months before insemination (d0; "day 0") and then by the intra-uterine route at insemination (d62). on d21 and d42, vaccinated sows received either the two commercial monovalent vaccines, a1(ppv) and a2(erysipelas), or the bivalent vaccine b (ppv+erysipelas). in add ... | 2007 | 17374380 |
| molecular characterization of novel circoviruses from finch and gull. | the purpose of this study was to molecularly characterize circoviruses that infect finches and gulls. circovirus-specific dnas were isolated using polymerase chain reaction methods from bursa of fabricius tissues from a gouldian finch (chloebia gouldiae) and a herring gull (larus argentatus) that were known to be circovirus-infected. nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of cloned genomic dnas showed that these circoviruses represented novel members of the genus circovirus of the family ... | 2007 | 17364513 |
| functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting replication factors of porcine circovirus type 1. | the replication proteins rep and rep' of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of dna replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. the pcv1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding site (mbs) of the rep and rep' proteins and an inverted repeat with the potential to form a stem-loop. in this study, both elements of the pcv1 origin were demonstrated to be essentia ... | 2007 | 17360750 |
| a survey on finishing pig mortality associated with porcine circovirus diseases in quebec. | 2007 | 17334026 | |
| structure-dependent modulation of alpha interferon production by porcine circovirus 2 oligodeoxyribonucleotide and cpg dnas in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | dna sequences containing cpg motifs are recognized as immunomodulators in several species. phosphodiester oligodeoxyribonucleotides (odns) representing sequences from the genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been identified as potent inducers (odn pcv2/5) or inhibitors (odn pcv2/1) of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) production by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (popbmcs) in vitro. in this study, the ifn-alpha-inducing or -inhibitory activities of specific phosphodiester odns w ... | 2007 | 17329341 |
| detection of pcv2 dna by sybr green i-based quantitative pcr. | we developed an assay for the detection and quantitation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) with the sybr green i-based real-time pcr. the real-time pcr provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 10(3) to 10(11) copies of dna per reaction. no cross-reactions were found in specimens containing pcv1. because of the high sensitivity and specificity of the assay with a relatively rapid and simple procedure, real-time pcr can be used as a routine assay for the clinical diagnosis of pcv2 infectio ... | 2007 | 17323427 |
| the involvement of fas/fasl interaction in porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-inoculation-associated lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. | lymphoid depletion of various lymphoid organs is one of the major lesions in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the co-existence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pmws-affected pigs along with the more severe and wider range of lymphocyte depletion of lymphoid organs in pcv2 and prrsv dually-inoculated pigs imply that pcv2 and prrsv may interact in the pathogenesis of pmws. the mechanism for ... | 2007 | 17321702 |
| a stem-loop structure, sequence non-specific, at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus is essential for termination but not for initiation of rolling-circle dna replication. | a stem-loop structure, formed by a pair of inverted repeats during dna replication, is a conserved feature at the origin of dna replication among plant and animal viruses, bacteriophages and plasmids that replicate their genomes via the rolling-circle replication (rcr) mechanism. in this work, a head-to-tail tandem construct of porcine circovirus capable of generating unit-length genomic dna in escherichia coli was employed to examine the role of the stem-loop structure with respect to the rcr i ... | 2007 | 17306320 |
| solution structure, divalent metal and dna binding of the endonuclease domain from the replication initiation protein from porcine circovirus 2. | circoviruses are the smallest circular single-stranded dna viruses able to replicate in mammalian cells. essential to their replication is the replication initiator, or rep protein that initiates the rolling circle replication (rcr) of the viral genome. here we report the nmr solution three-dimensional structure of the endonuclease domain from the rep protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine. the domain comprises resi ... | 2007 | 17275023 |
| immunogenicity of empty capsids of porcine circovius type 2 produced in insect cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). orf2 protein (capsid) of pcv2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime-boost protocol. in this study, the orf2 gene of pcv2 was expressed in insect cells. the product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular pcv2 capsids. to evaluated the immunogenici ... | 2007 | 17225085 |
| epidemiologic assessment of porcine circovirus type 2 coinfection with other pathogens in swine. | to identify important pathogens and characterize their serologic and pathologic effects in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected pigs in relation to pig age and type of swine production system. | 2007 | 17223759 |
| the levels of pcv2 specific antibodies and viremia in pigs. | porcine circovirus 2 quantification by real-time pcr and determination of virus specific antibodies using a peptide based elisa test was performed on a total of 400 serum samples. samples for antibody measurement and virus quantification were obtained from a conventional pig farm with a clinical form of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. samples were taken during the post-weaning period. seven litters of weaned piglets (6-25 weeks) were systematically sampled at 2-3 week intervals. por ... | 2007 | 17223145 |
| detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in united states swine herds. | in late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the united states. tissues from the affected pigs in kansas, iowa, and north carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was detected consistently among these tissues. phylogenetically, pcv2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, pcv2-group 1 and pcv2-group 2. whereas pcv2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the disease ... | 2007 | 17219018 |
| baculovirus expression of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein capable of self-assembly and haemagglutination. | beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) is a common avian circovirus infection of wild psittaciformes and is a recognised threat to endangered psittacine species. currently, there is a requirement to develop bfdv antigen for diagnostic purposes and since efforts to propagate bfdv in vitro have so far been unsuccessful the entire coding region of bfdv orf c1 was expressed in sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. the entire coding region of bfdv orf c1, the presumptive capsid, was ... | 2007 | 17218022 |
| protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (pmws) associated with pcv2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. in order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of pcv2. here, we examined the protection of swine against pmws by the recombinant adenovirus. eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rad-cap and booste ... | 2007 | 17215092 |
| molecular beacon real-time pcr detection of swine viruses. | rapid and reliable detection of viral pathogens is critical for the management of the diseases threatening the economic competitiveness of the swine farming industry worldwide. molecular beacon assays are one type of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology capable of fast, specific, sensitive, and reliable viral detection. in this paper, the development of molecular beacon assays as novel tools for the rapid detection of aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, porcine c ... | 2007 | 17196673 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs. | replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs, as measured by spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) and viral dna, was investigated following experimental infection. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), and tissue from bronchial lymph nodes (bln), inguinal lymph nodes (iln), tonsils, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and thymus from infected pigs on different days post-infection (dpi) were assessed. pcv2 replication differed dramatically between tissues from the same infected pig. the viru ... | 2007 | 17175030 |
| co-infection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in pig lungs obtained from slaughterhouses in southern and midwestern regions of brazil. | 2006 | 17169081 | |
| porcine circovirus type 2 antibody detection in backyard pigs from mexico city. | pcv2 antibodies have been found in pigs from all continents. however, this finding has been mainly studied in domestic swine reared under intensive production conditions. mexico city, with a human population over 19 million in 2005, has both urban and rural areas. the pig production in its rural area is based on small family backyard farms. taking into account this rather unique form of rearing pigs, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence in backyard pigs from the rural ... | 2007 | 17157886 |
| genetic characterisation of australian strains of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2. | as post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has not been identified within australia, to determine if the absence of disease was associated with genetic differences between the strains of porcine circovirus (pcv) present in australia and those from countries in association with pmws. | 2006 | 17156322 |
| [detection of mycoplasma suis in clinical cases with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine]. | mycoplasma suis is a swine erythrocyte obligatory parasite. its presence may result in chronic or acute anaemia in different pig categories. it is considered that the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is caused by porcine circovirus type 2, but some aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown. pmws signs are impaired weight gain, anaemia and jaundice in 5 to 12 week-old pigs that suffer from immunosuppression and bacterial co-infections. the pigs with signs of these diseases on th ... | 2006 | 17152209 |
| expression of porcine circovirus 2 orf2 gene requires codon optimized e. coli cells. | expression and purification of whole and nuclear localization signal (nls) deleted orf2 capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is demonstrated in the present study. gene coding for both protein forms were cloned into pdest17 vector and expressed in bl21 (de3)ai cells and in bl21-codonplus (de3)-ripl e. coli cells. the later cells were used to overcome difficulties with the heterologous expression of viral proteins in prokaryotic systems. whole 30 kda recombinant orf2 protein was successfu ... | 2007 | 17139551 |
| porcine acute phase protein concentrations in different diseases in field conditions. | five acute phase proteins (apps) [c-reactive protein (crp), serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp), pig-map and albumin] were measured in pigs with naturally occurring infections by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and in animals with tail and ear bites, arthritis and other acute inflammatory processes. healthy specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were used as controls. in prr ... | 2006 | 17123428 |
| serological diagnosis of goose circovirus infections. | infections with goose circovirus (gocv) are associated with growth retardation and developmental problems in farmed geese. an indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting virus-specific serum antibody was developed for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. in the absence of a method for growing gocv in cell culture, the assay was based on the reaction of antibodies with the gocv capsid protein produced within baby hamster kidney cells using the eukaryotic semliki forest virus expression ve ... | 2006 | 17121739 |
| thymic granulomatous lesions in pigs. | rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. the lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. the cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-schiff (pas) positive. all cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent e ... | 2006 | 17099169 |
| [enzyme immunoassay for detection of porcine circovirus type 2, by using the recombinant capsid protein orf-2]. | recombinant antigen orf2 from porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was produced, by using the baculovirus expression system, with histidine tags to allow purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. the purity of the protein was verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and its immunospecificity was confirmed by the immunoblotting test using reference pcv-2-positive and pcv-2-negative porcine sera and monoclonal antibodies. the protein was used as an antigen to develop an indirect e ... | 2006 | 17087066 |
| resistance of porcine circovirus and chicken anemia virus to virus inactivation procedures used for blood products. | virus inactivation procedures are used to prevent contamination of plasma-derived blood products with viruses. pasteurization or prolonged dry heat has proven effective against several enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and provides an additional layer of safety for plasma products. | 2006 | 17076851 |
| detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus and aujeszky's disease virus in cases of porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) in spain. | proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a severe form of interstitial pneumonia characterised by hypertrophy and proliferation of pneumocytes type 2 and presence of necrotic cells within alveoli lumen. many viral agents have been linked to pnp aetiology, with especial emphasis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). to gain knowledge on pnp causality, a retrospective study on 74 pnp cases from postweaning pigs from spain was carried out. coupled with histopatholo ... | 2007 | 17070659 |
| distinction between porcine circovirus type 2 enteritis and porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of intestinal tissue from 80 pigs with a clinical history suggestive of lawsonia intracellularis-associated diarrhoea. histopathologically, enteritis of varying intensity was diagnosed in 64 of the pigs. of these 64 animals, 34 (18%) were infected with both pcv2 and l. intracellularis. of the remaining 30 cases of enteritis, 23 (77%) were attributed to pcv2 infectio ... | 2006 | 17070535 |
| sow porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) status effect on litter mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | previous studies have described a "litter effect" associated with mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected farms. the main objective of this study was to evaluate litter mortality in different pmws affected farms and to characterize it in relation to three variables of the sow: parity, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infectious status and pcv2 antibody titres. the study was performed in seven farms that experienced pmws in nurseries and/or fattening areas. fifteen ... | 2007 | 17064740 |
| swine and circovirus. | in the 1990s post-weaning, multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) emerged in n. america and europe as a major disease problem with significant welfare and economic consequences for pig producers. the disease, characterised by wasting, respiratory, enteric and lymphoid system problems in pigs of 4-16 weeks of age, has since spread so that today it has a global distribution. pcv-2 is consistently associated with pmws, is more abundant in association with pmws and is considered by many to be the ca ... | 2006 | 17058486 |
| the role of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs under field conditions. | we evaluated the effects of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in 930 pigs 53 to 54 d old in a grower/finisher barn with a history of pmws. the pigs were allocated to 5 treatment groups: 4 groups received a single intramuscular injection of respisure-one (a commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine; n = 197), emulsigen (an oil-based adjuvant; n = 172), alhydrogel (an aluminum-hydroxide-based adjuvant; n = 172), or physiologic saline (n = 2 ... | 2006 | 17042379 |
| serodiagnostic comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance for the detection of antibody to porcine circovirus type 2. | this paper describes the cloning and expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in an escherichia coli expression system that was used to produce a fusion protein for subsequent immunologic studies: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and surface plasmon resonance (spr). polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the gene encoding the capsid protein from the dna of pcv2. the protein was then cloned into a prset prokaryotic expression vector. western blot analys ... | 2006 | 17042378 |
| detection and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from psittacine birds in taiwan. | avian polyomavirus (apv) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (pbfdv) are the most common viral diseases of psittacine birds. in taiwan, however, the existence of these viruses in psittacine birds has not been established. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methodology was therefore employed to ascertain whether apv and pbfdv genomes were present in isolates from psittacine birds of taiwan. a total of 165 psittacine birds belonging to 22 genera were examined between 2002 and 2005. findings ... | 2006 | 17039833 |
| silencing of natural interferon producing cell activation by porcine circovirus type 2 dna. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of natural interferon producing cells (nipcs) impairs the induction of interferon (ifn)-alpha and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha by cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotides (odns), thereby preventing both their autocrine maturation and the paracrine maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (dcs). the present study shows that the pcv2-mediated inhibition of nipcs was mediated by viral dna, although it was independent of virus replic ... | 2007 | 17038051 |
| renal tubular necrosis and interstitial hemorrhage ("turkey-egg kidney") in a circovirus-infected yorkshire cross pig. | a juvenile yorkshire cross pig with rapidly progressive acute renal failure was submitted for necropsy. there was marked edema and disseminated petechiation of both kidneys, producing the "turkey-egg" appearance that is characteristic of exotic diseases such as african and classical swine fever. microscopic findings included renal tubular epithelial necrosis with extensive interstitial edema and hemorrhage; lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and histiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis; and numero ... | 2006 | 17037624 |
| multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine cytomegalovirus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. | the use of porcine organs is being developed as a means to alleviate the shortage of human organs for transplantation. recommendations have been published for the microbiological specifications of organ-source pigs to reduce the possibility of a microorganism from pigs being inadvertently transferred to the recipient of the xenograft. the pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv), and porcine circovirus (pcv) are infectious agents in pigs that are considered to be of significance ... | 2007 | 17034871 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 replicase binds the capsid protein and an intermediate filament-like protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important porcine pathogen that establishes persistent subclinical infections but may, on activation, contribute to the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). this disease is characterized by weight loss, respiratory or digestive disorders and enlarged lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion. the molecular mechanisms behind the development of the disease are completely unknown. in order to clarify functions of the different viral p ... | 2006 | 17030855 |
| generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is an important economical disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. in order to develop an effective vaccine for pmws, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (prv) was generated and tested in piglets in this study. the pcv2 open reading frame 2 (orf2) gene was inserted into piecmv plasmid and co-transfected with prv tk-/ge-/lacz+ genome into ibrs-2 cells to generate a recombinant tk-/ge-/ ... | 2007 | 17005335 |
| avian circoviruses of the genus circovirus: a potential trigger in pigeon breeder's lung (pbl)/bird fancier's lung (bfl). | pigeon breeder's lung (pbl) or bird fancier's lung (bfl) is one of the most common extrinsic allergic alveolitis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. it is caused after prolonged inhalation of avian antigens and provokes a hypersensitivity reaction in the lungs of sensitised people. although the pathogenic mechanism is unclear, the epidemiology of bfl shows that it occurs worldwide, and has been described in adults keeping birds and also in their children. laboratory findings associated with the dis ... | 2007 | 16997499 |
| potentiation of porcine circovirus 2-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus is associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | this study investigated the potentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus (ppv) and found it was associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 or ppv alone or in combination (pcv2 and ppv). in vitro assay of tnf-alpha, obtained from alveolar macrophages coinfected with pcv2 and ppv, showed a significant increase in t ... | 2006 | 16966450 |
| genetic and experimental comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolates from cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions provides evidence for differences in virulence. | there are marked differences in the clinical expression of diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the field. the objective of this study was to compare the sequences and pathogenicity of pcv2 isolates from field cases with and without pcv2-associated lesions. forty-two specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were assigned randomly to three groups of 14 pigs each. at 7 weeks of age, group 1 pigs were mock-inoculated with saline, group 2 pigs were inoculated with pcv2-4838 (isolate ... | 2006 | 16963751 |
| molecular evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 genomes: phylogeny and clonality. | porcine circoviruses (pcvs) type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) show high levels of nucleotide similarity, but pcv1 is considered non-pathogenic and pcv2 has been associated with several disease outcomes in pigs, mainly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). after exploring different topologies of the origin of pcvs, it was concluded that pcv1 and pcv2 seem to have a common origin. on the other hand, pcv2 could be divided into two groups (1 and 2) and eight clusters (1a to 1c and 2a to 2 ... | 2007 | 16963096 |