Publications

serum progesterone and estradiol-17beta concentrations, and lapaloscopic observations of the ovary in the cheetah (acinonyxjubatus) with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin treatments.	in 3 adult female cheetahs, induced-superovulation treatment was conducted, by means of 200 iu of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg) and 100 iu of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) 80 hr after pmsg. the administration of pmsg created a sharp increase in the estradiol-17beta concentration, resulting in 232 pg/ml 8 hr later in one specimen out of three. the hcg administration showed an increase in the progesterone concentration of 2.29 ng/ml 46 hr later. in addition, after direct observation ...	2001	11789621
understanding the basic reproductive biology of wild felids by monitoring of faecal steroids.	the ability to track gonadal activity is essential for understanding the fundamentals of reproduction. faecal steroid metabolite monitoring is a well established tool for evaluating reproductive processes in diverse mammalian species, including felids. domestic cats were used as a model and injection of radiolabelled oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol revealed that > 85% of metabolites were excreted in faeces with a time lag of 12-24 h. steroids were extracted by boiling faecal ...	2001	11787193
the phenomenon and significance of teratospermia in felids.	the common domestic cat is an important research model for endangered felids, as well as for studying genetic dysfunctions, infectious diseases and infertility in humans. especially significant is the trait of teratospermia (ejaculation of < 40% morphologically normal spermatozoa) that commonly occurs in about 70% of the felid species or subspecies studied to date. teratospermia, discovered more than two decades ago in the cheetah, is important: (i) for understanding the significance of sperm fo ...	2001	11787186
linkage of reproductive sciences: from 'quick fix' to 'integrated' conservation.	our laboratory has experienced four phases in understanding how the reproductive sciences contribute to genuine conservation of biodiversity. the first is the 'quick fix phase' in which the erroneous assumption is made that extant knowledge and techniques are readily adaptable to an unstudied wild animal to produce offspring rapidly. the second is the 'species-specificity phase' in which it is recognized that every species has evolved unique reproductive mechanisms that must be mastered before p ...	2001	11787164
control of reproduction and sex related behaviour in exotic wild carnivores with the gnrh analogue deslorelin: preliminary observations.	the gnrh analogue deslorelin, in long-acting implants, was used in an attempt to temporarily control reproduction or aggression in wild carnivores in southern africa and the usa. in the southern african study, 6 mg deslorelin was administered to cheetahs (eight females, four males), one female leopard and wild dogs (six females, one male) housed in groups, and 12 mg deslorelin was administered to two lionesses. none of the animals became pregnant after deslorelin administration apart from one wi ...	2001	11787162
tuberculosis in kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros) in the kruger national park.	five kudus (tragelaphus strepsiceros), three bulls and two cows, within the greater kruger national park complex, were diagnosed with generalized tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. the lesions seen in these animals were similar to those previously reported in kudus and included severe tuberculous lymphadenitis of the nodes of the head and neck (that resulted in noticeable uni- or bilateral swelling beneath the ear), thorax, and the mesentery. all the animals also suffered from severe gr ...	2001	11769355
are goats naturally resistant to gastric helicobacter infection?	gastric helicobacter species are widespread and have been reported in wild and domestic mammals of different dietary habits such as humans, dogs, cats, macaques, mice, cheetahs, ferrets, swine and cattle. all have been associated with gastric pathologies. recently, gastric helicobacter species were shown to be widespread in cattle and swine in europe, and there is a report of helicobacter pylori in sheep in italy. however, there are no reports of helicobacter infection in the goat, another impor ...	2002	11731164
comparative and functional anatomy of the mammalian lumbar spine.	as an essential organ of both weight bearing and locomotion, the spine is subject to the conflict of providing maximal stability while maintaining crucial mobility, in addition to maintaining the integrity of the neural structures. comparative morphological adaptation of the lumbar spine of mammals, especially in respect to locomotion, has however received only limited scientific attention. specialised features of the human lumbar spine, have therefore not been adequately highlighted through com ...	2001	11590593
the epidemiology of tuberculosis in free-ranging african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park, south africa.	the presence of bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in the kruger national park (knp) was determined for the first time in 1990. it was diagnosed in an african buffalo (syncerus caffer) bull, which was found recumbent and in an emaciated and moribund state near the south-western boundary fence. this prompted an investigation into the bovine tuberculosis (btb) status of the knp, with emphasis on its epidemiological determinants and risk factors. this report documents the findings of surveys ...	2001	11585089
similarity, global matching, and judgments of frequency.	in the test-pair similarity effect, forced-choice recognition is more accurate for similar test pairs, such as leopard-cheetah, than it is for unrelated test pairs, such as leopard-turnip. according to global matching models, this occurs because the retrieved familiarities of similar items are correlated. in the minerva 2 model, global matching underlies frequency judgments as well as recognition memory. one implication of this model is that judged frequencies of similar items should be correlat ...	2001	11504003
sequence variation in the mitochondrial dna control region of wild african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	five hundred and twenty-five bp of mitochondrial control region were sequenced and analysed for 20 acinonyx jubatus and one felis catus. these sequences were compared with published sequences from another domestic cat, 20 ocelots (leopardus pardalus) and 11 margays (leopardus weidii). the intraspecific population divergence in cheetahs was found to be less than in the other cats. however variation was present and distinct groups of cheetahs were discernible. the 80 bp rs2 repetitive sequence mot ...	2001	11488972
progressive encephalomyelopathy and cerebellar degeneration in 10 captive-bred cheetahs.	progressive ataxia, with head tremor, developed in 10 captive-born cheetah cubs under six months of age. the condition was usually preceded by coryza and an ocular discharge. initially the ataxia and weakness affected the hindquarters, then the forelegs, and head tremor developed later. significant pathological changes were confined to the central nervous system. there was widespread wallerian degeneration in the funiculi of the spinal cord (except those in the dorsal columns), in the medulla an ...	2001	11488342
use of pyloroplasty (y-u) to treat presumed delayed gastric emptying in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	a 4-yr-old cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) with a 2-yr history of chronic intermittent vomiting and spiral bacteria-associated gastritis presented with dramatically increased vomiting frequency and marked intermittent abdominal distention. physical examination revealed loss of muscle mass and poor fur coat quality. contrast radiography was consistent with delayed gastric emptying due to presumed gastric outlet obstruction. both y-u pyloroplasty and incisional gastropexy were performed, and no subsequ ...	2000	11428404
atlanta jury awards $360,000 in firing of bartender with hiv.	a federal jury in atlanta, ga awarded $360,000 in damages to hiv-positive bartender salvatore de falco, who was fired from the cheetah iii club. a u.s. district judge ruled that the club's owner was liable as a matter of law for violating the americans with disabilities act (ada). the club owners argued unsuccessfully that they had no choice but to terminate de falco because of the negative impact his hiv status would have on business.	1997	11364134
the 26-kilodalton, ahpc homologue, of helicobacter pylori is also produced by other helicobacter species.	the 26 kda protein, which is an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) homologue, has earlier been described as specific for helicobacter pylori. the aims of this study were to analyse whether this protein, or the corresponding gene, could be identified in other helicobacter species.	2001	11328365
letting the cat out of the bag.	the image of the cheetah sprinting gracefully across the african serengeti in pursuit of its prey is one that we're all familiar with. many people perceive the cheetah as an animal flawlessly adapted to its environment-the perfect predator.	2001	11313538
cheetah teams.	your crucial new product is on the fast track, when suddenly a problem develops that threatens to derail it. time to bring in the cheetah team.	2001	11213692
gastric ollulanus tricuspis infection identified in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with chronic vomiting.	gastritis, vomition and weight loss are common in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). gastric spiral bacteria (helicobacter spp.) and the very small, viviparous nematode ollulanus tricuspis, a stomach worm of cats, are believed to be important causes. three sibling cheetahs at wellington zoo, new zealand, developed chronic vomiting, diarrhoea and debility. their parents were both south african-born. response to antibacterial treatment was poor. endoscopic examinations revealed chronic lymphopla ...	2000	11212940
feline panleukopenia virus revisited: molecular characteristics and pathological lesions associated with three recent isolates.	the low incidence of clinical signs or pathological lesions compatible with feline panleukopenia in cats has created the perception among practitioners that the disease has disappeared since the emergence of canine parvovirus type 2 in the late 1970s. three parvoviruses that were recently isolated from a domestic cat and 2 cheetahs in cell culture or detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction were shown to be typical feline parvoviruses. phylogenetic comparison with other fpv isolates di ...	2000	11205160
a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species.	noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ...	2000	11121291
predator avoidance, breeding experience and reproductive success in endangered cheetahs, acinonyx jubatus.	i examine three hypotheses about predator avoidance behaviour: (1) avoidance increases an individual's reproductive success; (2) avoidance changes with breeding experience according to one of three described models; and (3) any reproductive or experience benefits accrued to individuals by avoidance are reflected in their spatial distribution. these hypotheses were tested on cheetahs which incur substantial juvenile mortality from predation by two larger competitors: spotted hyaenas, crocuta croc ...	2000	10924211
cryptococcosis in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus): two cases.	cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like organism associated with pulmonary, meningoencephalitic, or systemic disease. this case report documents 2 cases of cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). in both cases the predominant post mortal lesions were pulmonary cryptococcomas and extensive meningoencephalomyelitis. both cheetahs tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus. the organism isolated in case 2 was cl ...	1999	10855821
feline herpesvirus infection in a group of semi-captive cheetahs.	clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in south africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. the first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came from australia and the usa in 1970. subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to cap ...	1999	10852685
genomic ancestry of the american puma (puma concolor).	puma concolor, a large american cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any new world terrestrial mammal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude from the canadian yukon to the straits of magellan. until the recent holocene, pumas coexisted with a diverse array of carnivores including the american lion (panthera atrox), the north american cheetah (miracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (smilodon fatalis). genomic dna specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 cont ...	2000	10833043
biomechanical adaptations of transtibial amputee sprinting in athletes using dedicated prostheses.	to determine the biomechanical adaptations of the prosthetic and sound limbs in two of the world's best transtibial amputee athletes whilst sprinting.	2000	10758296
prevalence of helicobacteriosis and gastritis in semicaptive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric stomach regions of 28 semicaptive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to look for signs of helicobacteriosis and gastritis. impression smear cytology and urease tests were positive in 23 and 26 of the cheetahs, respectively. histopathology showed mild or no lesions in 27 cheetahs; only one cheetah had moderate gastritis. gastritis was uncommon in these semicaptive cheetahs, and stress could play a major role in the developme ...	1999	10749433
fecal cortisol metabolite analysis for noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	a radioimmunoassay was validated for quantifying excreted cortisol metabolites in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) feces. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that immunoreactivity was associated with a water-soluble metabolite in fecal extracts from males and females. none of the immunoreactivity corresponded with free cortisol or corticosterone but rather was associated with a more polar, unidentified metabolite. to determine the biologic relevance of excreted immunoreactive cor ...	1999	10749432
irregular s-cone mosaics in felid retinas. spatial interaction with axonless horizontal cells, revealed by cross correlation.	in most mammals short-wavelength-sensitive (s) cones are arranged in irregular patterns with widely variable intercell distances. consequently, mosaics of connected interneurons either may show some type of correlation to photoreceptor placement or may establish an independent lattice with compensatory dendritic organization. since axonless horizontal cells (a-hc's) are supposed to direct all dendrites to overlying cones, we studied their spatial interaction with chromatic cone subclasses. in th ...	2000	10708039
genetic characterization of feline parvovirus sequences from various carnivores.	infections with viruses of the feline parvovirus subgroup such as feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv-2) [together with its new antigenic types (cpv-2a, cpv-2b)] have been reported from several wild carnivore species. to examine the susceptibility of different species to the various parvoviruses and their antigenic types, samples from wild carnivores with acute parvovirus infections were collected. viral dna was amplified, and subsequently anal ...	2000	10644832
mycobacterium bovis as a zoonosis in the kruger national park, south africa.	the kruger national park (knp), mpumalanga province, south africa.	1999	10599016
diseases of captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in south africa: a 20-year retrospective survey.	as part of an ongoing study to determine the basis for high prevalences of veno-occlusive disease, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis in cheetahs, a retrospective pathology survey of captive cheetahs in the republic of south africa (rsa) was conducted. the rsa population was selected because its genetic composition and captive management were similar to those of the cheetah population in u.s. zoos, in which these diseases are common. for this study, archived pathology ma ...	1999	10572855
similar signature of the prion protein in natural sheep scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy-linked diseases.	it has been suggested that specific molecular features could characterize the protease-resistant prion protein (prp res) detected in animal species as well as in humans infected by the infectious agent strain that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). studies of glycoform patterns in such diseases in french cattle and cheetahs, as well as in mice infected by isolates from both species, revealed this characteristic molecular signature. similar studies of 42 french isolates of natural scr ...	1999	10523578
herpesviruses of carnivores.	this review focuses on felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), the most studied of the carnivore herpesviruses. canid herpesvirus (chv-1) and phocid (seal) herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) are also included where information is available. fhv-1 is a member of the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirinae, which appears to be closely related phylogenetically to both chv-1 and phhv-1. fhv-1 infects both domestic and some wild felidae, such as cheetahs, and is predominantly a respiratory pathogen of cats. as in ot ...	1999	10515274
[anatomic features of the carpal joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatuw), compared with the domestic cat (felis catus)].	the anatomy of the carpal joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) was examined in seven specimens using dissection and corrosion casts as well as radiography, and compared to well-known data of the domestic cat (felis catus). it was found that in the cheetah, as in the domestic cat, the intermedioradial, ulnar and accessory carpal bones, as well as the first, second, third and fourth carpal bones and the sesamoid bone of the abductor pollicis longus muscle, develop in a regular manner. the bones ...	1999	10458023
the ab blood group system in wild felids.	the blood type of 131 non-domesticated felids belonging to 26 felid species was surveyed in this study. based upon a tube hemagglutination assay established for domestic cats, 80% of felids had type-a, 18% type-b, and 2% type-ab blood. felids in the puma group and african and asian golden cats had blood type b, whereas all other species were found to have blood type a. two cheetahs and one bobcat had type-ab blood. red cell glycolipids analysed by high performance thin layer chromatography revea ...	1999	10376305
comparative genome organization of the major histocompatibility complex: lessons from the felidae.	the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has taught both immunologists and evolutionary biologists a great deal about the patterns and processes that have led to immune defenses. driven principally by human and mouse studies, comparative mhc projects among other mammalian species offer certain advantages in connecting mhc genome characters to natural situations. we have studied the mhc in the domestic cat and in several wild species of felidae. our observations affirm class i and cla ...	1999	10319256
systemic candidiasis in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	systemic candidiasis, with involvement of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes, was diagnosed in a geriatric captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). the animal had a long clinical history of intermittent chronic gastritis associated with helicobacter acinonyx and chronic renal failure, both of which were repeatedly treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. following euthanasia, a postmortem examination showed numerous microabscesses and granulomas composed of degenerate eosinophils a ...	1998	10065861
deficiency of cytosolic arylamine n-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single nat1-like gene.	the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, nat1 and nat2. n-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean km = 2.1 microm) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an nat1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean km > 10 mm) f ...	1998	10022754
glomerulosclerosis in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) is an endangered species with low fecundity and premature death in captivity. a previous survey determined that renal failure as a result of glomerulosclerosis was a major cause of death in captive populations. this study characterizes the morphologic, histochemical, and epidemiologic properties of glomerulosclerosis in this population. kidneys from 87 cheetahs were examined by light microscopy; kidneys from six of those cheetahs were examined by electron and fluor ...	1999	9921751
regulation of sperm function by protein tyrosine phosphorylation in diverse wild felid species.	protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in several mammalian species. changes in phosphorylation of a 95-kda protein in human, mouse, and domestic cat spermatozoa are known to be influenced by capacitation and exposure to zona pellucida (zp) proteins. we previously reported diminished phosphorylation of 95- and 160-kda proteins in spermatozoa from teratospermic cats, compared with normospermic domestic cats. to determine if these proteins ...	1998	9876019
phylogeography of the freshwater fish, mogurnda adspersa, in streams of northeastern queensland, australia: evidence for altered drainage patterns.	a phylogeographic survey was used to elucidate the relative roles of historical processes and contemporary gene flow in structuring the genetic pattern observed with mogurnda adspersa. this species of freshwater fish is found in the rivers and streams of the northeastern highlands of queensland, australia. specifically, this project focused on populations in the tully and herbert rivers in the atherton tablelands. sequence analysis indicated that three distinct clades exist in the headwaters of ...	1998	9819905
anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine in cheetahs.	to evaluate anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of an intramuscular injection of a tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine combination in cheetahs.	1998	9777002
chronic gastritis in tigers associated with helicobacter acinonyx.	helicobacter pylori-like organisms (hplos) were isolated from the gastric mucosa of two sumatran tigers and identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis as helicobacter acinonyx. at histological examination, both tigers revealed a chronic gastritis associated with hplos as demonstrated by immunolabelling and electron microscopy. this is the first isolation of h. acinonyx from tigers, in which, as previously reported in cheetahs, it may be a cause of gastritis.	1998	9717128
[anatomic characteristics pf the elbow joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)].	anatomical structures of elbow joints of six cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. as a result, it was observed that the distal end of humerus is divided into the trochlea humeri for articulation with the ulna and the capitulum humeri for articulation with the radius. as the trochlea humeri is posed oblique and looks like a disc-shaped cone sector, flexion. flexion of elbow joint is always combined with adduction of the distal parts of the limb, and, respectively ...	1998	9652144
[anatomic and radiographic examination of the shoulder joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)].	anatomical structures of shoulder joints of five adult cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. the bones, capsules and auxiliary synovial devices were described, as well as ligaments and adjacent muscles. the cheetah shoulder has many similarities with the shoulder joint of the domestic cat, but also considerable differences. proper osteological features were the large supraglenoid tubercle, the caudally directed coracoid process and the extension of the articular ...	1998	9591374
factors affecting levels of genetic diversity in natural populations.	genetic variability is the clay of evolution, providing the base material on which adaptation and speciation depend. it is often assumed that most interspecific differences in variability are due primarily to population size effects, with bottlenecked populations carrying less variability than those of stable size. however, we show that population bottlenecks are unlikely to be the only factor, even in classic case studies such as the northern elephant seal and the cheetah, where genetic polymor ...	1998	9533122
pulmonary cryptococcoma and cryptococcal meningoencephalomyelitis in a king cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	a captive king cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) was evaluated for a subacute onset of ataxia in all four limbs. the ataxia appeared to be spinal in origin, evidenced by apparent conscious proprioceptive deficits in all limbs, and there was no evidence of cerebellar involvement. anesthesia was performed and survey spinal radiographs were normal. cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an apparently sterile meningitis of unknown etiology. although transient improvement was noted with glucocorticoid and an ...	1997	9523645
duodenal perforation in a cheetah (acinonyx jubilatus).	an 11-yr-old female cheetah (acinonyx jubilatus) from a privately owned breeding center for endangered species was referred for evaluation with a history of vomiting and depression of 10 days' duration. after anesthetic induction with tiletamine and zolazepam and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane, a complete diagnostic workup was performed, including hematology, serum chemistry, and radiography. the clinical diagnosis was septic suppurative inflammation and hemorrhage in the abdomen, consis ...	1997	9523644
hyperlipidemia in four related male cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	hyperlipidemia was identified in an 11-yr-old male cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) and three related 3-yr-old male cheetah littermates. hyperlipidemia in these four cheetahs was characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. the mean percentages of chylomicron and beta-lipoproteins were greater (p < 0.05) and the mean percent of alpha-lipoproteins was lower (p < 0.05) than the respective means for a group of 20 nonhyperlipidemic and clinically normal cheetahs. the etiology of the hyp ...	1997	9523643
serum lipoprotein, thyroid hormone and resting cortisol levels in normal cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	blood obtained from 20 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) during annual physical examinations was analyzed for serum lipid concentration, for lipoprotein distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis, and for thyroid hormone and resting cortisol levels by solid-phase radioimmunoassay to develop normal reference ranges.	1997	9523633
fatty acid metabolism in domestic cats (felis catus) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatas).		1997	9483667
trichinella nelsoni in carnivores from the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania.	a survey of trichinellosis among sylvatic carnivore mammals from the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania) demonstrated the presence of trichinella nelsoni in 5 of 9 species examined. muscle samples were collected from carcasses of 56 carnivores from 1993 to 1995 and frozen before transport and examination. following artificial digestion of the samples, collected larvae were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna technique. trichinella nelsoni was identified in 1 bat-eared fox (otocyon megalo ...	1997	9406805
skeletal muscle histology and biochemistry of an elite sprinter, the african cheetah.	to establish a skeletal muscle profile for elite sprinters, we obtained muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius and soleus of african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). muscle ultrastructure was characterized by the fiber type composition and mitochondrial volume density of each sample. maximum enzyme activity, myoglobin content and mixed fiber metabolite content were used to assess the major biochemical pathways. the results demonstrate a preponderance of fast-twitch fibers in ...	1997	9404014
systemic aa amyloidosis in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	ongoing disease surveillance of necropsied captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 141) revealed a high prevalence of renal amyloidosis (n = 54 [38%]; age 1 to 16 years). the prevalence increased from 20% in pre- 1990 necropsies to 70% of cheetahs necropsied in 1995. in 74% of the cheetahs with amyloidosis, renal failure was determined to be the sole or partial cause of death. papillary necrosis was seen only in affected cheetahs and involved 25% of these animals. amyloid was present predominan ...	1997	9396135
treatment of gastritis in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	three cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) had a clinical history of chronic spiral bacteria-associated gastritis and three cheetahs had no clinical history of gastritis. gastric biopsies were obtained from all six cheetahs prior to treatment for gastritis and 3 wk and 1 yr posttreatment. the cheetahs were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride 500 mg p.o. q.i.d., metronidazole 250 mg p.o. q.i.d., and bismuth subsalicylate 300 mg p.o. q.i.d. each drug was administered concurrently for 7 days. following ...	1997	9365937
spongiform encephalopathy in an imported cheetah in france.		1997	9316242
oral contrast agents for ct: a taste test survey.	our goal was to evaluate the palatability of the currently available oral contrast agents for ct.	1997	9294558
the role of helicobacter species in newly recognized gastrointestinal tract diseases of animals.	because helicobacter pylori is now known to be a significant human pathogen, experimental animal models are increasingly being used to study the pathogenesis of this organism. unfortunately, early studies failed to establish h. pylori in animal models, and surprisingly, koch's postulates were initially fulfilled in two human volunteers. germfree experiments performed in pigs and pups however established that h. pylori would colonize in these animals, and gastritis was induced. certain macaque sp ...	1997	9241625
the expanding genus of helicobacter: pathogenic and zoonotic potential.	the microbial flora of stomachs of humans and animals have been the focus of considerable research since the discovery that helicobacter pylori in humans caused a variety of gastric diseases. other helicobacter species have now been isolated from the stomachs of various mammals, including dogs, cats, ferrets, pigs, monkeys, and cheetahs, all of which are associated with various degrees of gastritis in their hosts. helicobacter species have also been isolated from the intestinal tracts of humans, ...	1997	9232726
sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins for ovulation induction and laparoscopic artificial insemination in the cheetah and clouded leopard.	ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins was assessed in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) and clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa) to help optimize artificial insemination (ai). eighteen female cheetahs were used on 29 occasions and were given i.m. injections of 100, 200, or 400 iu ecg and 100 or 250 iu hcg 80 h later. twenty-three female clouded leopards were treated i.m. on 27 occasions with 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, or 400 iu ecg followed 80 h later with 75, 140, or 280 iu hcg. ovaries were ex ...	1997	9096891
putative semiochemicals in the african cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).		1997	9041477
tuberculosis in buffaloes (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park: spread of the disease to other species.	tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, was recently diagnosed in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), two lions (panthera leo) and a chacma baboon (papio ursinus) from the kruger national park (knp). it is assumed that they contracted the disease directly or indirectly from tuberculous buffaloes in the park. tuberculous granulomatous lesions in the lungs were extensive and constituted the predominant changes in all three animal species. these pulmonary lesions included tuberculous bronchiolitis a ...	1996	8917861
ancylostoma genettae, a. protelesis, a. somaliense: three new species from wild carnivora in the somali republic.	ancylostoma braziliense was found in somalia in acinonyx jubatus, canis familiaris, c. mesomelas, crocuta crocuta, felis catus, f. libyca, genetta genetta, otocyon megalotis, proteles cristatus; a. caninum in a. jubatus, c. familiaris, c. mesomelas, c. crocuta; a. duodenale in c. crocuta; a. iperodontatum in lynx caracal; a. paraduodenale in felis serval; a. tubaeforme in a. jubatus, f. catus, f. libyca; arthrocephalus gambiense in ichneumia albicauda; uncinaria parvibursata in mellivora capensi ...	1995	8778662
reproductive activity in captive female cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) assessed by faecal steroids.	faecal oestradiol and progestogen metabolite excretion was monitored in adult, female cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 26) for 1-24 months. increased faecal oestradiol excretion was associated with mating or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) administration for artificial insemination, whereas increased progestogen metabolites were observed during natural and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg)-induced pregnant and nonpregnant luteal phases. on the basis of oestradiol excretory patterns, durat ...	1996	8699419
skin grafts and cheetahs.		1996	8637591
hypervariable genomic variation to reconstruct the natural history of populations: lessons from the big cats.	the extent and nature of variation in hypervariable regions dna have been used in the past as a means to infer the natural histories of populations. we review the interpretation of the extent of genetic diversity for minisatellite dna in the cheetah to estimate the timing of a population bottleneck in the species and the potential application of a second class of hypervariable dna, microsatellite dna, as a molecular tool to examine the natural histories of felid populations. a calibration curve ...	1995	8582370
an animal model of gastric ulcer due to bacterial gastritis in mice.	conventional female balbc mice were inoculated with gastrospirillum-like bacteria in mouse gastric homogenate or in 5.0-microns filtrate of gastric homogenate. the bacteria were originally isolated from cheetahs with gastritis. the mice were killed 6 months, 7 months, or 1 year after inoculation. all mice became infected with gastrospirillum-like bacteria that were confined to the gastric mucosa. control mice, given either sterile brucella broth, 0.22-microns filtrate of infected gastric homogen ...	1995	8578639
demonstration of parvovirus in diarrhoeic african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus schreber, 1775).	parvovirus was demonstrated in the intestinal content of diarrhoeic african cheetahs by electron microscopy. the virus was isolated in a feline kidney cell line inoculated with a filtrate of the intestinal content. its growth characteristics, cytopathic effect, agglutination of porcine erythrocytes, structure, and results of immunoelectron microscopic examination were indistinguishable from those of feline panleukopenia virus.	1993	8511841
the effect of proportion overlap and repeated testing on primed work fragment completion.	subjects studied a list of words (e.g., cheetah) and received an implicit word fragment completion test (complete -h-t-h). on the test, the ratio of studied to nonstudied items (proportion overlap) was 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100%. subjects were administered the identical test twice. proportion overlap did not affect priming in word fragment completion, on either the first or second test. also, the completion of studied and nonstudied fragments increased over repeated tests, but priming (the studied-n ...	1993	8481709
dating the genetic bottleneck of the african cheetah.	the cheetah is unusual among fields in exhibiting near genetic uniformity at a variety of loci previously screened to measure population genetic diversity. it has been hypothesized that a demographic crash or population bottleneck in the recent history of the species is causal to the observed monomorphic profiles for nuclear coding loci. the timing of a bottleneck is difficult to assess, but certain aspects of the cheetah's natural history suggest it may have occurred near the end of the last ic ...	1993	8475057
epizootic gastritis associated with gastric spiral bacilli in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus).	an outbreak of vomiting in a group of captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) was investigated, and histologic examination revealed chronic gastritis characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and numerous plasma cells and epithelial erosions. lymphoid follicles, globule leukocytes, scattered neutrophils, and (in one animal) abscessed gastric glands were inconsistent findings. in addition, necropsy of three cheetahs revealed gastric mucosal hyperplasia. two kinds of bacteria were identified in the ...	1993	8442328
helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., isolated from cheetahs with gastritis.	four strains of a novel helicobacter species were isolated from the stomachs of cheetahs (acinonyx jubilatus) with gastritis. these isolates were phenotypically similar to helicobacter pylori. the isolates were gram-negative, spiral bacteria which grew under microaerophilic conditions at 37 degrees c, but not at 25 or 42 degrees c, and produced urease, catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. the isolates did not ferment glucose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, r ...	1993	8379970
animal models of bacterial gastritis: the role of host, bacterial species and duration of infection on severity of gastritis.	gastric bacteria from cheetahs with gastritis were used to inoculate specific-pathogen free kittens and conventional mice. helicobacter sp. and gastrospirillum sp. colonized kittens, while only gastrospirillum sp. colonized mice. in kittens, both bacterial species induced mild lymphofolliclar gastritis which did not change over the course of the 11 months observation period. in mice, gastrospirillum sp. induced lymphoplasmacytic and follicular gastritis which increased in severity over 6 months ...	1993	8280953
measurements of faecal oestradiol and progesterone in non-pregnant and pregnant domestic and exotic cats.	faecal samples collected for variable periods from 12 animals and five species of cats were assayed for progesterone and oestradiol content by application of standard radioimmunoassays to aliquots (50 microliters) of methanol extracts (4 ml) of a mixture of 0.5 g sample, 0.5 ml water and 1 g aluminium oxide, following partitioning of the total extract with petroleum ether (3 ml), further dilution of assay aliquots and drying. recoveries averaged 100 and 72% for oestradiol and progesterone, respe ...	1993	8229917
evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among african carnivores.	bluetongue is an international office of epizootics list a disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. bluetongue (blu) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of blu virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. we present evidence of natural blu virus infection among african carnivores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts ...	1994	7985748
lymphocyte blast transformation responses and restriction fragment length analysis in the cheetah.	an extensive genetic and physiological analysis of the cheetah by o'brien et al. (1983; 1985; 1987) indicated that the cheetah showed monomorphism at the major histocompatability complex. this led o'brien (1985) to propose that the cheetah suffered from an immunodeficiency and was highly susceptible to diseases. it was therefore decided to investigate cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and to apply the limited restriction fragment length analysis (using pst 1 and bam h1 enzymes) of the c ...	1993	7970577
selection against inbred song sparrows during a natural population bottleneck.	the genetic and demographic consequences of population subdivision have received considerable attention from conservation biologists. in particular, losses of genetic variability and reduced viability and fecundity due to inbreeding (inbreeding depression) are of concern. studies of domestic, laboratory and zoo populations have shown inbreeding depression in a variety of traits related to fitness. consequently, inbreeding depression is widely accepted as a fact. recently, however, the relative i ...	1994	7969492
a role for molecular genetics in biological conservation.	the recognition of recent accelerated depletion of species as a consequence of human industrial development has spawned a wide interest in identifying threats to endangered species. in addition to ecological and demographic perils, it has become clear that small populations that narrowly survive demographic contraction may undergo close inbreeding, genetic drift, and loss of overall genomic variation due to allelic loss or reduction to homozygosity. i review here the consequences of such genetic ...	1994	7912434
population genetics. the cheetah controversy.		1995	7885465
comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces.	noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. using the domestic cat (felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14c]estradiol (e2) and [14c]progesterone (p4) were determined. within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered e2 and p4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. e2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme-hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). p4 was excreted ...	1994	7819459
epidemiological observations on spongiform encephalopathies in captive wild animals in the british isles.	since 1986, scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in 19 captive wild animals of eight species at or from eight zoological collections in the british isles. the affected animals have comprised members of the family bovidae: one nyala (tragelaphus angasi), four eland (taurotragus oryx), and six greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), one gemsbok (oryx gazella), one arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), and one scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), and members of the family felidae: four ...	1994	7817514
isospora rivolta recovered from cheetahs.		1994	7745586
enhancing zona penetration by spermatozoa from a teratospermic species, the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) produce poor quality ejaculates that can limit the efficiency of standard assisted reproduction including artificial insemination (ai) and in vitro fertilization (ivf). the purpose of this study was to: (1) further study sperm-oocyte interaction in this teratospermic species by examining the ability of malformed sperm to interact with various oocyte barriers; and (2) assess the potential of zona piercing for assisting ivf in a teratospermic felid. zonae of salt-stored ...	1995	7722475
evolutionary conservation of ten microsatellite loci in four species of felidae.	short tandem repeat polymorphisms (strp), or microsatellites, are widespread among vertebrate genomes and are useful in gene mapping and population studies due to a high level of length polymorphism. we describe here the isolation, characterization, and pcr amplification of 10 microsatellite loci from the domestic cat, felis catus. the flanking primer sequences were conserved among other felidae species, and amplification products demonstrated abundant polymorphism in puma, lion, cheetah, and do ...	1995	7658003
low mhc class ii variability in a marsupial.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci have been shown to be highly polymorphic in most eutherian ('placental') species studied. several hypotheses have been advanced for the maintenance of this exceptional level of genetic variation, one of which suggests that it is necessary for successful eutherian reproduction. marsupials (metatherians) and eutherians are the only two groups of viviparous mammals, but their modes of reproduction are quite distinct. although marsupials have placentae ...	1994	7624513
genetic evidence for host specificity in the adhesin-encoding genes hxaa of helicobacter acinonyx, hnaa of h. nemestrinae and hpaa of h. pylori.	gastric and non-gastric species of helicobacter were examined for the presence of the adhesin-encoding gene, hpaa, from the human-associated gastric helicobacter h. pylori (hp), and for adhesin subunit protein hpaa. amplification of a 375-bp internal dna fragment of hpaa by pcr demonstrated the presence of the gene in hp and in two closely related gastric helicobacters, h. nemestrinae (hn) and h. acinonyx (hx), but not in the more distantly related h. felis (hf) and h. mustelae (hm). the non-gas ...	1995	7557486
molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12s rna and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of felidae.	dna sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial dna genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 17 felidae species, notably 15 in the previously described pantherine lineage. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to generate sequences of 358 base pairs of the mitochondrial 12s rna gene and 289 base pairs of the cytochrome b protein coding gene. dna sequences were compared within and between 17 felid and five nonfelid carnivore species. evolutionary trees were constructed using ...	1995	7544865
saffan induced poikilothermia in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	the steroidal anaesthetic agent saffan (a 1,2% m/v mixture of alphaxalone and alphadolone) induced a state of poikilothermia in cheetahs. on a warm day (maximum temperature 29 degrees c) rectal temperatures rose in 7 of 8 male cheetahs given saffan. the highest rectal temperature recorded was 41 degrees c. on a cool day (minimum temperature 19,5 degrees c) rectal temperature fell in 6 of 6 male cheetahs. the lowest rectal temperatures recorded was 36,2 degrees c. saffan at 3 mg/kg intravenously ...	1981	7310795
the electrocardiogram of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	electrocardiograms were recorded on 19 cheetahs immobilized with the steroidal anaesthetic-hypnotic agent saffan comprising 0,9% m/v alphaxalone and 0,3% alphadolone. sinus rhythm was recorded in all animals and heart rate was rapid averaging 173 +/- sd 18 beats per minute. the average of mean electrical axes in the frontal plane was + 76 degrees +/- sd 13 degrees. mean +/- sd durations in milliseconds on lead ii were: p 47 +/- 6,5; pr 93 +/- 11,5; qrs 53 +/- 7,5; qt 193 +/- 19,7. the amplitude ...	1981	7310794
an outbreak of cowpox in captive cheetahs: virological and epidemiological studies.	this paper describes virological and epidemiological features of an infection which killed two of three affected cheetahs at whipsnade park in 1977. two animals had profuse skin lesions and the third had an acute haemorrhagic pneumonia. the outbreak was shown to be caused by cowpox virus. cowpox virus is believed to circulate in small wild animals, but the source of infection was not traced despite virological and serological tests on 93 captive and 102 wild animals. sub-clinical infections did ...	1982	6891393
gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids.	five species of felids (cheetah, north chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma) were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) to evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. animals were subjected to laparoscopy before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature ovarian follicles (mf), corpora hemorrhagica (ch), and corpora lutea (cl) were recorded and photographed. ovarian morphologic features, including mf, ch, and cl anatomy, were similar ...	1982	6816775
cytauxzoon-like organisms in erythrocytes of two cheetahs.		1981	6799472
induction of ovarian activity in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).		1981	6781547
[comparative anatomy of the mandible. functional aspects].	the structural morphology of the mandibula is presented and correlated to various types of mastication in several mammalian species. the latter include: carnivores (dog, cat, cheetah, lion); omnivores (man, chimpanzee, hog); herbivores (horse, ox, goat, camel, rabbit). while the mandibula is studied as a composite unit, a more analytical, segmental approach has been included, and both are illustrated by x-rays. the aspects presented underline the distribution as well as the local modifications o ...	1983	6679450
unique seminal quality in the south african cheetah and a comparative evaluation in the domestic cat.	analysis of 40 semen samples collected by electroejaculation from 18 cheetahs revealed no major differences in seminal traits among transvaal, south west (namibia) or hybrid (transvaal x south west) males. however, mean spermatozoal concentration (14.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate) and percent motility (54.0%) were less in cheetahs than in domestic cats (147.0 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate, 77.0% motility) subjected to the same electroejaculation regimen. on the average, cheetah eja ...	1983	6640033
identification of trout and salmon bloods by simple immunological technique and by electrofocusing patterns of red cell enzyme superoxide dismutase.	species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. this report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of t ...	1983	6630130
concomitant feline infectious peritonitis and toxoplasmosis in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus).	three wild caught littermate cheetahs succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis (fip) after being in captivity for approximately 9 weeks. a necropsy and histopathological examination on one revealed typical signs of fip as well as histopathological lesions in the liver and brain of concomitant toxoplasmosis. hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia and elevations of alpha 2-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions of the blood were present in the one animal examined. these fin ...	1984	6533309
struvite uroliths in a cheetah.		1984	6511594
lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis in two cheetahs.		1984	6511593
effects of tactile and electrical stimuli upon release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the mammalian penis.	plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in the corpora cavernosa penis and dorsal penile veins greatly exceeded those measured in the limb or caudal veins during anaesthesia in various mammals (bennett's wallaby, barbary sheep, cheetah, puma, sooty mangabey, pigtail macaque and chimpanzee). tactile stimulation of the penis immediately before or during collection of blood samples resulted in an increase. in the wallaby, vip levels (mean +/- s.e.m.) in blood samples collected from ...	1984	6420493