Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| randomized soil survey of the distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei in rice fields in laos. | melioidosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in southeast asia, where the causative organism (burkholderia pseudomallei) is present in the soil. in the lao people's democratic republic (laos), b. pseudomallei is a significant cause of sepsis around the capital, vientiane, and has been isolated in soil near the city, adjacent to the mekong river. we explored whether b. pseudomallei occurs in lao soil distant from the mekong river, drawing three axes across northwest, northeast, and sou ... | 2010 | 21075883 |
| structural insight into the expanded pcb-degrading abilities of a biphenyl dioxygenase obtained by directed evolution. | the biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 is a multicomponent rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the dihydroxylation of biphenyl and many polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the structural bases for the substrate specificity of the enzyme's oxygenase component (bphae(lb400)) are largely unknown. bphae(p4), a variant previously obtained through directed evolution, transforms several chlorobiphenyls, including 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, more efficiently than bphae(lb400), yet differs fr ... | 2010 | 21073881 |
| antibiosis of burkholderia ubonensis againist burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent for melioidosis. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is an enigmatic infectious disease that afflicts individuals in many tropical and developing regions. treatment is hampered by the organism's innate antibiotic resistance and the disease's non-pathognomic presentation. recently, added attention has been given to this organism due to its classification as a potential biowarfare agent. therefore, methods of preventing acquisition of infection are needed. we investigated antagonism between burkholde ... | 2010 | 21073065 |
| role of burkholderia pseudomallei in the invasion, replication and induction of apoptosis in human epithelial cell lines. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a bacterial pathogen causing melioidosis. in the present study, we demonstrated the effects of b. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide on the invasion, intracellular replication, induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis of human epithelial hela and a549 cells. the b. pseudomallei capsule mutant had a significantly greater ability to invade both cell lines (p < 0.05). the b. pseudomallei capsule mutant had a greater ability to induce apoptosis in a549 cells than wild t ... | 2010 | 21073038 |
| [electricity generation and quinoline degradation of pure strains and mixed strains in the microbial fuel cell]. | microbial flora composition of microbial fuel cells (mfc) is important to the electricity generation. four bacterium strains q1, b, c and d which represent all different morphology of culturable bacterium were isolated from a mfc using 200 mg x l(-1) quinoline as the fuel and operating for at least 210 days. strains q1, c and d were pseudomonas sp. based on 16s rdna sequence analysis, while strain b was burkholderia sp. double-chamber mfcs using 200 mg x l(-1) quinoline and 300 mg x l(-1) glucos ... | 2010 | 21072938 |
| salkowski's reagent test as a primary screening index for functionalities of rhizobacteria isolated from wild dipterocarp saplings growing naturally on medium-strongly acidic tropical peat soil. | rhizobacteria isolated from wild dipterocarp saplings in central kalimantan, indonesia, were subjected to salkowski's reagent test, which is often used in detecting indolic substances. among 69 isolates grown in a low-nitrogen medium supplemented with l-tryptophan (trp), culture fluids of 29 strains were positive to the test, in which 17 bacteria turned red and other 10 pink. all the red type rhizobacteria actively converted trp into tryptophol (tol), while some yielded indole-3-acetic acid (iaa ... | 2010 | 21071871 |
| [molecular methods of detection and identification of pathogenic burkholderia]. | molecular diagnostic kits for detection and identification of agents of melioidosis and glanders on environmental objects and in clinical material are described. it was demonstrated that pcr with use of specific primers on the basis of different genetic targets could be useful for determination of generic, inter- and intraspecies belonging of pathogenic burkholderia as well as for epidemiologic inspection of territories where melioidosis is enzootic. | 2010 | 21064227 |
| interspecies effects in a ceftazidime-treated mixed culture of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia and staphylococcus aureus: analysis at the single-species level. | in vitro studies commonly use single bacterial isolates for testing antibiotic susceptibilities. however, interspecies effects that may arise when mixed infections are treated with antibiotics can obviously not be investigated by this approach. in the study presented here, the effect of ceftazidime against a model microbial community consisting of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia and staphylococcus aureus was studied in order to reveal effects that only may appear in a ceftazidime-tr ... | 2010 | 21062793 |
| caspase-1-induced pyroptosis is an innate immune effector mechanism against intracellular bacteria. | macrophages mediate crucial innate immune responses via caspase-1-dependent processing and secretion of interleukin 1β (il-1β) and il-18. although infection with wild-type salmonella typhimurium is lethal to mice, we show here that a strain that persistently expresses flagellin was cleared by the cytosolic flagellin-detection pathway through the activation of caspase-1 by the nlrc4 inflammasome; however, this clearance was independent of il-1β and il-18. instead, caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cel ... | 2010 | 21057511 |
| [etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia in children]. | to investigate the etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia (hap) in children. | 2010 | 21055271 |
| cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel lipolytic gene from activated sludge metagenome, and its gene product. | in this study, a putative esterase, designated estmy, was isolated from an activated sludge metagenomic library. the lipolytic gene was subcloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 using the pet expression system. the gene estmy contained a 1,083 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a polypeptide of 360 amino acids with a molecular mass of 38 kda. sequence analysis indicated that it showed 71% and 52% amino acid identity to esterase/lipase from marine metagenome (acl67845) and burkholderia u ... | 2010 | 21054894 |
| systemic melioidosis presenting as suppurative parotitis. | a 3 year old child was brought with fever, left parotid swelling and altered sensorium. cultures from blood, pus and throat swab grew burkholderia pseudomallei. a diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis with encephalopathy was made. she recovered following treatment with parenteral ceftazidime for 14 days, and 6 months of oral co trimoxazole and amoxycillin clavulanate. she is doing well on follow-up. | 2010 | 21048270 |
| activity enhancement and stabilization of lipase from pseudomonas cepacia in polyallylamine-mediated biomimetic silica. | triacylglycerol lipase from pseudomonas cepacia and fe(3)o(4) magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated simultaneously within biomimetic silica through the catalysis of polyallylamine. the encapsulation efficiency reached 96% with an activity recovery of 51%. after 5 h at 37°c, the activities of the free and encapsulated lipases decreased by 77 and 16%, respectively. addition of 10 and 15 mol% trimethylmethoxysilane to tetramethoxysilane during encapsulation doubled the lipase activity while incl ... | 2010 | 21046198 |
| cerebral abscess and calvarial osteomyelitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2010 | 21045524 | |
| impact of mannose-binding lectin insufficiency on the course of cystic fibrosis: a review and meta-analysis. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is an innate immune protein produced by the liver. mbl binds to glycoconjugates containing mannose, fucose or n-acetylglucosamine that are present in a wide variety of bacteria, viruses and fungi. upon binding, mbl may active the lectin pathway of complement or directly opsonize organisms to enhance phagocytosis. mbl is primarily a serum protein but accumulates in the lung during acute inflammation. recent evidence suggests an important role for mbl in a variety of i ... | 2010 | 21045008 |
| the impact of environmental contamination with antibiotics on levels of resistance in soil bacteria. | this study examined the effects of tetracycline and streptomycin on microorganisms in three different soil habitats: forest soil, agricultural soil, and compost. these antibiotics are commonly used in both medical and veterinary therapy as well as in the production of plant biomass and until quite recently, the production of animal biomass. microcosms were used as model systems in which the number of microorganisms in environments containing different amounts of antibiotics was analyzed. the min ... | 2010 | 21043273 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei proteins presented by monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulate human memory t cells in vitro. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease caused by the saprophytic facultative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia, and no effective vaccine exists. to describe human cell-mediated immune responses to b. pseudomallei and to identify candidate antigens for vaccine development, the ability of antigen-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modcs) to trigger autologous t-cell responses to b. pseudomallei and its produc ... | 2010 | 21041491 |
| triclosan susceptibility and co-metabolism--a comparison for three aerobic pollutant-degrading bacteria. | the antimicrobial agent triclosan is an emerging and persistent environmental pollutant. this study evaluated the susceptibility and biodegradation potential of triclosan by three bacterial strains (sphingomonas wittichii rw1, burkholderia xenovorans lb400 and sphingomonas sp. ph-07) that are able to degrade aromatic pollutants (dibenzofuran, biphenyl and diphenyl ether, respectively) with structural similarities to triclosan. these strains showed less susceptibility to triclosan when grown in c ... | 2010 | 21041079 |
| aiia-mediated quorum quenching does not affect virulence or toxoflavin expression in burkholderia glumae sl2376. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of quorum quenching in the pathogenicity and toxoflavin production of burkholderia glumae causing bacterial rice grain rot. | 2010 | 21039666 |
| dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing communities in barley-planted bulk soil and rhizosphere following nitrate and ammonium fertilizer amendment. | oxidation of ammonia by nitrifying microorganisms is a major pathway that fertilizer nitrogen (n) may take upon application to agricultural soils, but the relative roles of bacterial (aob) vs. archaeal (aoa) ammonia oxidizers are controversial. we explored the effects of various forms of mineral n fertilizer on the aob and aoa community dynamics in two different soils planted with barley. ammonia oxidizers were monitored via real-time pcr and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ana ... | 2010 | 21039652 |
| pathogenicity of high-dose enteral inoculation of burkholderia pseudomallei to mice. | melioidosis is a frequently lethal tropical infection caused by the environmental saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei. although transcutaneous inoculation and inhalation are considered the primary routes of infection, suggestive clinical evidence implicates ingestion as a possible alternative route. we show that in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice, direct gastric inoculation of high doses of b. pseudomallei causes systemic infection that may be lethal or cause chronic disseminated infection. mice may sh ... | 2010 | 21036839 |
| n-acylation during glidobactin biosynthesis by the tridomain nonribosomal peptide synthetase module glbf. | glidobactins are hybrid nrps-pks natural products that function as irreversible proteasome inhibitors. a variety of medium chain 2(e),4(e)-diene fatty acids n-acylate the peptidolactam core and contribute significantly to the potency of proteasome inhibition. we have expressed the initiation nrps module glbf (c-a-t) in escherichia coli and observe soluble active protein only on coexpression with the 8 kda mbth-like protein, glbe. following adenylation and installation of thr as a t-domain thioes ... | 2010 | 21035730 |
| resolvase-like serine recombinase mediates integration/excision in the bacteriophage φrsm. | ϕrsm1, a filamentous phage infecting ralstonia solanacearum, encodes an open reading frame (orf14) that exhibits significant homology to members of the resolvase/invertase subfamily of site-specific serine recombinases. similar prophages are found in the genomes of various strains of r. solanacearum, r. pickettii, and burkholderia pseudomallei. we have characterized the integrative and excisive recombination reactions mediated by the ϕrsm1 integrase using in vivo assays. an e. coli plasmid conta ... | 2010 | 21035394 |
| detection of autoinducer (ai-2)-like activity in food samples. | the contamination, survival, and possible foodborne disease outbreaks are major issues confronting the food industry. however, from a microbial perspective, any food whether natural or processed is just another environmental niche that is available for colonization. quorum sensing or cell-cell communication is a process by which microorganisms are thought to communicate with each other using a variety of small molecules termed autoinducers. the autoinducer ai-2 is thought to be a universal signa ... | 2011 | 21031305 |
| [the clinical manifestations of three cases with melioidosis]. | to investigate the clinical features of 3 cases of burkholderia pseudomallei septicemia in guangxi province, and therefore to improve its diagnosis and treatment. | 2010 | 20979813 |
| genomic analysis and relatedness of p2-like phages of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is comprised of at least seventeen gram-negative species that cause infections in cystic fibrosis patients. because bcc bacteria are broadly antibiotic resistant, phage therapy is currently being investigated as a possible alternative treatment for these infections. the purpose of our study was to sequence and characterize three novel bcc-specific phages: ks5 (vb_bcem-ks5 or vb_bmuz-atcc 17616), ks14 (vb_bcem-ks14) and kl3 (vb_bamm-kl3 or vb_bcez-cep511). | 2010 | 20973964 |
| the burkholderia cenocepacia lysr-type transcriptional regulator shvr influences expression of quorum-sensing, protease, type ii secretion, and afc genes. | burkholderia cenocepacia is a significant opportunistic pathogen in individuals with cystic fibrosis. shvr, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator, has previously been shown to influence colony morphology, biofilm formation, virulence in plant and animal infection models, and some quorum-sensing-dependent phenotypes. in the present study, it was shown that shvr negatively regulates its own expression, as is typical for lysr-type regulators. the production of quorum-sensing signal molecules was de ... | 2010 | 20971902 |
| ultrasound echocardiographic gel contamination by burkholderia cepacia in an italian hospital. | 2010 | 20970887 | |
| the poba gene of burkholderia cenocepacia encodes a group i sfp-type phosphopantetheinyltransferase required for biosynthesis of the siderophores ornibactin and pyochelin. | the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia produces the siderophores ornibactin and pyochelin under iron-restricted conditions. biosynthesis of both siderophores requires the involvement of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss). using a transposon containing the lacz reporter gene, two b. cenocepacia mutants were isolated which were deficient in siderophore production. mutant iw10 was shown to produce normal amounts of ornibactin but only trace amounts of pyochelin, whereas synthesi ... | 2010 | 20966087 |
| in vitro activity of cethromycin against burkholderia pseudomallei and investigation of mechanism of resistance. | most burkholderia pseudomallei strains are intrinsically resistant to macrolides, mainly due to amrab-opra- and/or bpeab-oprb-mediated efflux. we assessed the in vitro anti-b. pseudomallei efficacy of cethromycin, a novel ketolide with broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. | 2010 | 20965890 |
| incidence, risk factors and clinical epidemiology of melioidosis: a complex socio-ecological emerging infectious disease in the alor setar region of kedah, malaysia. | melioidosis, a severe and fatal infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is believed to an emerging global threat. however, data on the natural history, risk factors, and geographic epidemiology of the disease are still limited. | 2010 | 20964837 |
| survival of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria against dna damaging agents. | phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (psbs) were isolated from different plant rhizosphere soils of various agroecological regions of india. these isolates showed synthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq), production of gluconic acid, and release of phosphorus from insoluble tricalcium phosphate. the bacterial isolates synthesizing pqq also showed higher tolerance to ultraviolet c radiation and mitomycin c as compared to escherichia coli but were less tolerant than deinococcus radiodurans. unlike e ... | 2010 | 20962905 |
| microbial biodegradation of aromatic alkanoic naphthenic acids is affected by the degree of alkyl side chain branching. | naphthenic acids (nas) occur naturally in oil sands and enter the environment through natural and anthropogenic processes. nas comprise toxic carboxylic acids that are difficult to degrade. information on na biodegradation mechanisms is limited, and there are no studies on alkyl branched aromatic alkanoic acid biodegradation, despite their contribution to na toxicity and recalcitrance. increased alkyl side chain branching has been proposed to explain na recalcitrance. using soil enrichments, we ... | 2010 | 20962873 |
| bacterial community associated with the trunk latex of hancornia speciosa gomes (apocynaceae) grown in the northeast of brazil. | prevention or cure of different illnesses through the use of plant latex is a worldwide known concept. the antifungal activity of hancornia speciosa latex has been observed against candida albicans. however, h. speciosa latex is not a sterile plant exudate and secondary metabolites produced by bacteria could be involved in fungal inhibition. in the present study, the bacterial communities of the latex from three h. speciosa trees were characterized using traditional plating and molecular methods ... | 2010 | 20960060 |
| melioidosis in malaysia. | melioidosis is an important cause of sepsis in the tropics, is caused by an environmental saprophyte--b. pseudomallei. it affects mainly adults with underlying predisposing condition such as diabetes. the range of symptoms varies from benign and localized abscesses, to severe community-acquired pneumonia to acute fulminating septicaemia with multiple abscesses often leading to death. b. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen and some of the virulence mechanisms that govern the complex interac ... | 2009 | 20954549 |
| production of diacylglycerols from glycerol monooleate and ethyl oleate through free and immobilized lipase-catalyzed consecutive reactions. | the ability of free and immobilized lipase on the production of diacylglycerols (dag) by transesterification of glycerol monooleate (gmo) and ethyl oleate was investigated. among three free lipases such as lipase g (penicillium cyclopium), lipase ak (pseudomonas fluorescens) and lipase ps (pseudomonas cepacia), lipase ps exhibited the highest dag productivity, and the dag content gradually increased up to 24 hours reaction and then remained steady. the comparative result for dag productivity bet ... | 2010 | 20951847 |
| unraveling type iii secretion systems in the highly versatile burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a highly versatile pathogen capable of infecting many species of animals and plants. it is the causative agent of melioidosis, a medically important infectious disease in humans with a wide spectrum of disease manifestations. its versatility as a pathogen is reflected in its huge 7.2mb genome and the many virulence mechanisms it possesses, including three different type iii secretion systems (t3sss). recent elucidation of the regulatory network of t3ss3 and the chara ... | 2010 | 20951592 |
| murine models of acute and chronic lung infection with cystic fibrosis pathogens. | animal models of acute and chronic infection, along with mice genetically modified for the cftr gene, are a key asset in cystic fibrosis (cf) research. despite some limitations, these models provide valuable resources to mimic the initial and progressive bronchopulmonary infection typical of cf patients. the following review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of different types of animal models with a major emphasis placed on the significant species differences between mice and humans. muri ... | 2010 | 20951086 |
| cftr-dependent susceptibility of the cystic fibrosis-host to pseudomonas aeruginosa. | cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in western countries. the disease is characterized by recurrent and chronic infections of the lung in particular with pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, burkholderia cepacia, and haemophilus influenzae. albeit intensive research in the last years, the molecular mechanisms causing the high susceptibility of cystic fibrosis patients to bacterial infections are still unknown. animal models provided important novel informati ... | 2010 | 20951085 |
| deciphering the structural and biological properties of the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharides from burkholderia cepacia strain asp b 2d, in arabidopsis thaliana. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are major, indispensable cell surface components of gram-negative bacteria that have diverse roles in bacterial pathogenesis of plants. environmental strains of burkholderia cepacia have been described as phytopathogens, growth promotors, biocontrol agents and bioremediation agents. we have previously shown that lpss from b. cepacia can be recognized as microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules, to elicit defense responses in plants. recent findings suggest that t ... | 2010 | 20943675 |
| keratitis caused by burkholderia cepacia. | 2010 | 20940314 | |
| medical-grade honey enriched with antimicrobial peptides has enhanced activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. | honey has potent activity against both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant bacteria, and is an interesting agent for topical antimicrobial application to wounds. as honey is diluted by wound exudate, rapid bactericidal activity up to high dilution is a prerequisite for its successful application. we investigated the kinetics of the killing of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by rs honey, the source for the production of revamil® medical-grade honey, and we aimed to enhance the rapid bactericidal ac ... | 2010 | 20927564 |
| investigation of supragingival plaque microbiota in different caries status of chinese preschool children by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | this study aimed to detect differences in the richness of total supragingival plaque microbiota as well as the species composition of oral streptococci involved in the different stages of dental caries. forty-five plaque samples were collected from caries-moderate (cm, 4 ≤ dmfs ≤ 6), caries-susceptible (cs, dmfs ≥ 10), and age-matched caries-free children separately. total dna was isolated directly from each sample, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) ... | 2010 | 20927511 |
| comparison of maldi tof with conventional identification of clinically relevant bacteria. | a completely new approach to diagnose microbial agents at least one day earlier based on mass spectrometric analysis becomes possible in the microbiology laboratory: maldi tof: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight. comparison between results of the new procedure with those obtained by conventional testing is mandatory. | 2010 | 20924806 |
| complex prokaryotic genome structure: rapid evolution of chromosome ii. | although many bacteria with two chromosomes have been sequenced, the roles of such complex genome structuring are still unclear. to uncover levels of chromosome i (ci) and chromosome ii (cii) sequence divergence, mauve 2.2.0 was used to align the ci- and cii-specific sequences of bacteria with complex genome structuring in two sets of comparisons: the first set was conducted among the ci and cii of bacterial strains of the same species, while the second set was conducted among the ci and cii of ... | 2010 | 20924417 |
| identification of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei adhesins for human respiratory epithelial cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei cause the diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. a well-studied aspect of pathogenesis by these closely-related bacteria is their ability to invade and multiply within eukaryotic cells. in contrast, the means by which b. pseudomallei and b. mallei adhere to cells are poorly defined. the purpose of this study was to identify adherence factors expressed by these organisms. | 2010 | 20920184 |
| bacterial community diversity in the brazilian atlantic forest soils. | the aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial community diversity of the brazilian atlantic forest soil by means of both cultivation and 16s rrna clone libraries. a collection of 86 representative isolates, obtained from six samples of atlantic forest soils from the national park of serra dos órgãos (parnaso), belonged to the genera arthrobacter, bacillus, burkholderia, leifsonia, paenibacillus, pseudomonas, ralstonia, serratia, and streptomyces according to the 16s rrna sequences. rep ... | 2010 | 20886336 |
| diversity of burkholderia cepacia complex from the moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) rhizhosphere soil. | the purpose of this study was to determine the existence of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) at species level and the predominant species in the environment of moso bamboo plantations in hangzhou, china. a total of 423 isolates were recovered from moso bamboo rhizhosphere soil samples of three sites on the selective medium during 2007-2008. isolates were identified by bcc-specific pcr assays, followed by reca-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, species-specific pcr analysis, reca ... | 2010 | 20882285 |
| an ancient but promiscuous host-symbiont association between burkholderia gut symbionts and their heteropteran hosts. | here, we investigated 124 stinkbug species representing 20 families and 5 superfamilies for their burkholderia gut symbionts, of which 39 species representing 6 families of the superfamilies lygaeoidea and coreoidea were burkholderia-positive. diagnostic pcr surveys revealed high frequencies of burkholderia infection in natural populations of the stinkbugs, and substantial absence of vertical transmission of burkholderia infection to their eggs. in situ hybridization confirmed localization of th ... | 2010 | 20882057 |
| comparative analysis of defence responses induced by the endophytic plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn and the non-host bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in grapevine cell suspensions. | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are beneficial microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere of many plant species and confer beneficial effects, such as an increase in plant growth. pgpr are also well known as inducers of systemic resistance to pathogens in plants. however, the molecular mechanisms involved locally after direct perception of these bacteria by plant cells still remain largely unknown. burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn is an endophytic pgpr that colonizes grapevine ... | 2010 | 20881012 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia in cystic fibrosis: epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of virulence. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria have gained notoriety as pathogens in cystic fibrosis (cf) because they are difficult to identify and treat, and also have the ability to spread between cf individuals. of the 17 formally named species within the complex, burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia cenocepacia dominate in cf. multilocus sequence typing has proven to be a very useful tool for tracing the global epidemiology of bcc bacteria and has shown that b. cenocepacia strains with hi ... | 2010 | 20880411 |
| the various lifestyles of the burkholderia cepacia complex species: a tribute to adaptation. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is composed of 17 closely related species. these bacteria are widely but heterogeneously distributed in the natural environment, such as soil, water and rhizosphere. bcc strains are able to colonize various ecological niches by adopting versatile lifestyles, including saprophytism and (positive or deleterious) association with eukaryotic cells. bcc strains have proven to be very efficient in biocontrol, plant growth promotion and bioremediation. however, th ... | 2010 | 20880095 |
| in vitro lung delivery of bacteriophages ks4-m and φkz using dry powder inhalers for treatment of burkholderia cepacia complex and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis. | to determine the feasibility of formulating and aerosolizing powders containing bacteriophages ks4-m and φkz for lung delivery and treatment of pulmonary burkholderia cepacia complex and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. | 2010 | 20875034 |
| high-redundancy draft sequencing of 15 clinical and environmental burkholderia strains. | the gram-negative burkholderia genus includes several species of intracellular bacterial pathogens that pose substantial risk to humans. in this study, we have generated draft genome sequences of 15 strains of b. oklahomensis, b. pseudomallei, b. thailandensis, and b. ubonensis to an average sequence read coverage of 25- to 40-fold. | 2010 | 20870763 |
| taxonomic parsing of bacteriophages using core genes and in silico proteome-based cgug and applications to small bacterial genomes. | a combined genomics and in situ proteomics approach can be used to determine and classify the relatedness of organisms. the common set of proteins shared within a group of genomes is encoded by the "core" set of genes, which is increasingly recognized as a metric for parsing viral and bacterial species. these can be described by the concept of a "pan-genome", which consists of this "core" set and a "dispensable" set, i.e., genes found in one or more but not all organisms in the grouping. "corege ... | 2010 | 20865522 |
| structure-inhibitory activity relationships of pyrrolnitrin analogues on its biosynthesis. | pyrrolnitrin is a bacterial metabolite, served as a natural lead of agricultural fungicides. in a previous study, fenpiclonil was proven to inhibit the oxidative transformation of aminopyrrolnitrin to pyrrolnitrin, catalyzed by aminopyrrolnitrin oxidase (prnd). this monooxygenase has an interesting catalytic activity of selective oxidation of aromatic amines, rather than aliphatic amines. however, its structural details are not well understood. in this study, various analogues of pyrrolnitrin we ... | 2010 | 20865257 |
| burkholderia type vi secretion systems have distinct roles in eukaryotic and bacterial cell interactions. | bacteria that live in the environment have evolved pathways specialized to defend against eukaryotic organisms or other bacteria. in this manuscript, we systematically examined the role of the five type vi secretion systems (t6sss) of burkholderia thailandensis (b. thai) in eukaryotic and bacterial cell interactions. consistent with phylogenetic analyses comparing the distribution of the b. thai t6sss with well-characterized bacterial and eukaryotic cell-targeting t6sss, we found that t6ss-5 pla ... | 2010 | 20865170 |
| structure of a burkholderia pseudomallei trimeric autotransporter adhesin head. | pathogenic bacteria adhere to the host cell surface using a family of outer membrane proteins called trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas). although taas are highly divergent in sequence and domain structure, they are all conceptually comprised of a c-terminal membrane anchoring domain and an n-terminal passenger domain. passenger domains consist of a secretion sequence, a head region that facilitates binding to the host cell surface, and a stalk region. | 2010 | 20862217 |
| arsenic mobilization by epilithic bacterial communities associated with volcanic rocks from camarones river, atacama desert, northern chile. | the arsenic biogeochemical cycle is greatly dependent on microbial transformations that affect both the distribution and mobility of arsenic species in the environment. in this study, a microbial biofilm from volcanic rocks was characterized on the basis of its bacterial composition and ability to mobilize arsenic under circumneutral ph. biofilm microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (sem)-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (eds). strains were isolated from biofilms and identifi ... | 2010 | 20859623 |
| conformational plasticity of the calcium-binding pocket in the burkholderia glumae lipase: remodeling induced by mutation of calcium coordinating residues. | most bacterial lipases bind one or more ca²+ atoms at different locations and are a suitable case of study for investigating structural effects related to calcium binding, depletion, or mutation of calcium-binding sites. generally ca²+ in microbial lipases can play a crucial role in the stabilization of the whole three-dimensional structure by mediating long-range effects. it has been recently demonstrated that calcium binding influences thermal stability of burkholderia glumae lipase (bgl) thro ... | 2011 | 20857506 |
| colonization of morus alba l. by the plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic bacterium burkholderia cepacia strain lu10-1. | anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum dematium, is a serious threat to the production and quality of mulberry leaves in susceptible varieties. control of the disease has been a major problem in mulberry cultivation. some strains of burkholderia cepacia were reported to be useful antagonists of plant pests and could increase the yields of several crop plants. although b. cepacia lu10-1 is an endophytic bacterium obtained from mulberry leaves, it has not been deployed to control c. dematium infect ... | 2010 | 20854669 |
| induced biosynthesis of cryptic polyketide metabolites in a burkholderia thailandensis quorum sensing mutant. | genetic manipulation of the luxr-type quorum sensing regulator system in burkholderia thailandensis caused a significant change in the metabolic profile: it led to activation of the thailandamide biosynthesis gene cluster, dramatically increased thailandamide production, and induced strong pigmentation. a novel polyketide metabolite, thailandamide lactone (2), which cannot be detected in the wild type, was isolated from the mutant broth, and its structure was elucidated by high-resolution mass s ... | 2010 | 20853892 |
| increased electrical output when a bacterial abts oxidizer is used in a microbial fuel cell. | microbial fuel cells (mfcs) are a technology that provides electrical energy from the microbial oxidation of organic compounds. most mfcs use oxygen as the oxidant in the cathode chamber. this study examined the formation in culture of an unidentified bacterial oxidant and investigated the performance of this oxidant in a two-chambered mfc with a proton exchange membrane and an uncoated carbon cathode. dna, fame profile and characterization studies identified the microorganism that produced the ... | 2011 | 20853166 |
| characterization of liposomes formed by lipopolysaccharides from burkholderia cenocepacia, burkholderia multivorans and agrobacterium tumefaciens: from the molecular structure to the aggregate architecture. | the microstructure of liposomes formed by the lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from burkholderia cenocepacia et-12 type strain lmg 16656, burkholderia multivorans strain c1576 and agrobacterium tumefaciens strain tt111 has been investigated by a combined experimental strategy, including dynamic light scattering (dls), small-angle neutron scattering (sans) and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr). the results highlight that the lps molecular structure determines, through a complex interplay of ... | 2010 | 20852798 |
| gamma interferon supplementation for melioidosis. | 2010 | 20852188 | |
| stable, site-specific fluorescent tagging constructs optimized for burkholderia species. | several vectors that facilitate stable fluorescent labeling of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis were constructed. these vectors combined the effectiveness of the mini-tn7 site-specific transposition system with fluorescent proteins optimized for burkholderia spp., enabling bacterial tracking during cellular infection. | 2010 | 20851961 |
| in vitro activity of temocillin against planktonic and sessile burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria are opportunistic respiratory pathogens which are particularly difficult to eradicate from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients because of their innate resistance to antimicrobials and their capacity to form biofilms. the goal of the present study was to evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of temocillin against planktonic and sessile bcc bacteria. 37 strains belonging to 17 bcc species were tested. 75.7% of the strains were su ... | 2010 | 20851061 |
| asiii oxidation by thiomonas arsenivorans in up-flow fixed-bed reactors coupled to as sequestration onto zero-valent iron-coated sand. | the combined processes of biological as(iii) oxidation and removal of as(iii) and as(v) by zero-valent iron were investigated with synthetic water containing high as(iii) concentration (10 mg l(-1)). two up-flow fixed-bed reactors (r1 and r2) were filled with 2 l of sieved sand (d = 3 ± 1 mm) while zero-valent iron powder (d = 76 μm; 1% (w/w) of sand) was mixed evenly with sand in r2. thiomonas arsenivorans was inoculated in the two reactors. the pilot unit was studied for 33 days, with hrt of 4 ... | 2010 | 20850864 |
| the bacterial effector cif interferes with scf ubiquitin ligase function by inhibiting deneddylation of cullin1. | cycle inhibiting factor (cif) is one of the effectors delivered into epithelial cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) via the type iii secretion system (ttss). cif family proteins, which inhibit host cell-cycle progression via mechanisms not yet precisely understood, are highly conserved among epec, ehec, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, photorhabdus luminescens and burkholderia pseudomallei. levels of several proteins relevant to cell-cycle ... | 2010 | 20850415 |
| application of a non-species dependent elisa for the detection of antibodies in sera of burkholderia pseudomallei-immunized goats. | a modified, non-species dependent elisa was performed to detect antibodies in sera of burkholderia pseudomallei-immunized goats using protein g- or protein a-peroxidase conjugates. the rise of antibody titers during the immunization period exhibited corresponding results by modified elisa comparison to conventional elisa and the iha. regarding the increase of antibody levels from the pre-immunized baseline to the post-immunized status, the antibody titer detected by modified elisa was higher tha ... | 2010 | 20849887 |
| assessment of infection risks prior to lung transplantation. | purpose of this review: infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. pretransplant evaluation can identify patients at risk of infectious complications and guide prophylactic strategies post transplantation. this review focuses on studies published from 2006 to the present that relate to the assessment of risk of infection prior to lung transplantation. recent findings: pretransplant airways colonization with pseudomonas, burkholderia, nontuberculosis mycoba ... | 2010 | 20847696 |
| melioidosis: advances in diagnosis and treatment. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the soil-associated gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. this review summarizes the evidence underlying current antibiotic regimens and discusses future strategies to reduce mortality. | 2010 | 20847695 |
| activity of bal30376 (monobactam bal19764 + bal29880 + clavulanate) versus gram-negative bacteria with characterized resistance mechanisms. | bal30376 combines the siderophore monobactam bal19764 (syn/ptx 2416) with the bridged monobactam bal29880 to inhibit ampc enzymes and with clavulanate to inhibit extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). we tested bal30376 and its components versus isolates and laboratory strains of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters. | 2010 | 20846937 |
| quorum sensing in acinetobacter: an emerging pathogen. | acinetobacter is emerging as one of the major nosocomial infectious pathogens, facilitated by tolerance to desiccation and multidrug resistance. quorum sensing (autoinducer-receptor mechanism) plays role in biofilm formation in acinetobacter, though its role in regulation of other virulence factors is yet to be established. phylogenetic studies indicate that acinetobacter baumannii is closely related to burkholderia ambifaria but its quorum sensing genes (abai and abar) were acquired horizontall ... | 2010 | 20846031 |
| formulation and immunogenicity of a potential multivalent type iii secretion system-based protein vaccine. | the virulence of many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria is dependent upon their type iii secretion (tts) systems. here, we discuss initial formulation studies of five tts needle tip proteins ipad (shigella flexneri), bipd (burkholderia pseudomallei), sipd (salmonella spp.), lcrv (yersinia spp.), and pcrv (pseudomonas aeruginosa) as targets for subunit vaccines. excipient screening and subsequent assays lead to the selection of 10% sucrose and 5% dextrose as an optimal stabilizer combination for ... | 2010 | 20845449 |
| formulation and immunogenicity studies of type iii secretion system needle antigens as vaccine candidates. | bacterial infections caused by shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, and burkholderia pseudomallei are currently difficult to prevent due to the lack of a licensed vaccine. here we present formulation and immunogenicity studies for the three type iii secretion system (ttss) needle proteins mxih(δ5), prgi(δ5), and bsal(δ5) (each truncated by five residues at its c terminus) as potential candidates for vaccine development. these antigens are found to be thermally stabilized by the presence of ... | 2010 | 20845448 |
| lipopolysaccharide from burkholderia thailandensis e264 provides protection in a murine model of melioidosis. | burkholderia thailandensis is a less virulent close relative of burkholderia pseudomallei, a cdc category b biothreat agent. we have previously shown that lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from b. pseudomallei can provide protection against a lethal challenge of b. pseudomallei in a mouse model of melioidosis. sugar analysis on lps from b. thailandensis strain e264 confirmed that this polysaccharide has a similar structure to lps from b. pseudomallei. mice were immunised with lps from b. thaila ... | 2010 | 20837078 |
| burkholderia vietnamiensis isolated from root tissues of nipa palm (nypa fruticans) in sarawak, malaysia, proved to be its major endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium. | root-associating bacteria of the nipa palm (nypa fruticans), preferring brackish-water affected mud in sarawak, malaysia, were investigated. in a comparison of rhizobacterial microbiota between the nipa and the sago (metroxylon sagu) palm, it was found that the nipa palm possessed a group of burkholderia vietnamiensis as its main active nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium. acetylene reduction by the various isolates of b. vietnamiensis was constant (44 to 68 nmol h(-1) in ethylene production ra ... | 2010 | 20834139 |
| species distribution of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients in new zealand. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) isolates from 39 cf patients and 25 non-cf patients in new zealand were speciated and characterised using the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for bcc. b. multivorans predominated in cf patients (31/39, 79.5%) and in non-cf patients (7/25, 28%). sequence types (st) with an international distribution were identified (27/64, 42.2%) among the new zealand bcc isolates. mlst revealed a high level of diversity among bcc isolates in cf patients indicating a la ... | 2010 | 20833115 |
| perasafe, virkon and bleach are bactericidal for burkholderia pseudomallei, a select agent and the cause of melioidosis. | 2011 | 20832143 | |
| biodegradation of polyfluorinated biphenyl in bacteria. | fluorinated aromatic compounds are significant environmental pollutants, and microorganisms play important roles in their biodegradation. the effect of fluorine substitution on the transformation of fluorobiphenyl in two bacteria was investigated. pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and burkholderia xenovorans lb400 used 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobiphenyl and 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl as sole sources of carbon and energy. the catabolism of the fluorinated compounds was examined by gas chromatography-mass ... | 2010 | 20830605 |
| inactivation of macrophage rab7 by burkholderia cenocepacia. | strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex can survive within macrophages by arresting the maturation of phagocytic vacuoles. the bacteria preclude fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes by a process that is poorly understood. using murine macrophages, we investigated the stage at which maturation is arrested and analyzed the underlying mechanism. vacuoles containing b. cenocepacia strain j2315, an isolate of the transmissible et12 clone, recruited rab5 and synthesized phosphatidylinositol-3-ph ... | 2010 | 20829607 |
| bactericidal effects of non-thermal argon plasma in vitro, in biofilms and in the animal model of infected wounds. | non-thermal (low-temperature) physical plasma is under intensive study as an alternative approach to control superficial wound and skin infections when the effectiveness of chemical agents is weak due to natural pathogen or biofilm resistance. the purpose of this study was to test the individual susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to non-thermal argon plasma and to measure the effectiveness of plasma treatments against bacteria in biofilms and on wound surfaces. overall, gram-negative bacteria ... | 2011 | 20829396 |
| il-8 released from human lung epithelial cells induced by cystic fibrosis pathogens burkholderia cepacia complex affects the growth and intracellular survival of bacteria. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of gram-negative pulmonary pathogens associated with life-threatening infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the airway epithelium plays a crucial role in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory responses to these pathogens. interleukin (il)-8 released from epithelial cells is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. the aims of this study were to compare the il-8 response to bcc infection in different epithelial cell types and to i ... | 2011 | 20829108 |
| template-based modeling of a psychrophilic lipase: conformational changes, novel structural features and its application in predicting the enantioselectivity of lipase catalyzed transesterification of secondary alcohols. | in order to fully explore the structure-function relationship of a proteus lipase (lipk107) that was screened from the soil in our previous study, we have modeled the three-dimensional (3-d) structures of the enzyme in its active and inactive conformations on the basis of crystal structures of burkholderia glumae and pseudomonas aeruginosa lipases in the present study. both homology models suggested that lipk107 possessed a catalytic triad (ser79-asp232-h254), an oxyanion hole (leu13 and gln80) ... | 2010 | 20828637 |
| enzymatic parallel kinetic resolution of mixtures of d/l 2'-deoxy and ribonucleosides: an approach for the isolation of β-l-nucleosides. | we have developed a lipase-catalyzed parallel kinetic resolution of mixtures of β-d/l-nucleosides. the opposite selectivity during acylation exhibited by pseudomonas cepacia lipase (psl-c) with β-d- and β-l-nucleosides furnished acylated compounds that have different r(f) values. as a consequence, isolation of both products was achieved by simple column chromatography. computer modeling of the transition-state analogues during acylation of β-d- and β-l-2'-deoxycytidine with psl-c was carried out ... | 2010 | 20828182 |
| invasion of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates into lung epithelial cells involves glycolipid receptors. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of opportunistic cystic fibrosis (cf) pathogens that invade lung epithelial cells. the mechanisms of invasion are poorly understood, in particular, the receptors utilised by this bacterium in the invasion process have not been identified. the aim of this study was to investigate the epithelial receptors involved in the invasion of bcc isolates. we confirmed that invasion into two lung epithelial cell lines (16hbe14o- and cfbe41o-) which have a non-cf ... | 2010 | 20826205 |
| osteopontin impairs host defense during established gram-negative sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). | melioidosis, caused by infection with burkholderia (b.) pseudomallei, is a severe illness that is endemic in southeast asia. osteopontin (opn) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein that is involved in several immune responses including induction of t-helper 1 cytokines and recruitment of inflammatory cells. | 2010 | 20824216 |
| near-atomic resolution analysis of bipd, a component of the type iii secretion system of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, possesses a type iii protein secretion apparatus that is similar to those found in salmonella and shigella. a major function of these secretion systems is to inject virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. the bipd gene of b. pseudomallei encodes a secreted virulence factor that is similar in sequence and is most likely to be functionally analogous to ipad from shigella and sipd from salmonella. proteins ... | 2010 | 20823511 |
| localized melioidosis in children in thailand: treatment and long-term outcome. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, can present as severe septicemia or localized infection. data on optimum antibiotic treatment regimen for localized melioidosis in children is limited. this is a report on localized melioidosis in children, regarding clinical presentation, treatment and the long-term outcomes. we reviewed 37 cases of localized melioidosis in children treated between 1994 and 2006 and followed up them prospectively until 1 october 2007. the two most c ... | 2010 | 20819799 |
| clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteraemic melioidosis in a teaching hospital in a northeastern state of malaysia: a five-year review. | melioidosis is an important public health problem causing community acquired sepsis in the northeastern part of malaysia. | 2010 | 20818090 |
| [screening and identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria]. | the interaction between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) and plants can be unstable, pgpr with pgp activities may be well adapted to particular soil environment. based on this, we isolated and identified pgprs from different rhizosphere soils according to their multiple mechanisms. | 2010 | 20815230 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex: emerging multihost pathogens equipped with a wide range of virulence factors and determinants. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) comprises at least 17 closely-related species of the beta-proteobacteria subdivision, widely distributed in natural and man-made inhabitats. bcc bacteria are endowed with an extraordinary metabolic diversity and emerged in the 1980s as life-threatening and difficult-to-treat pathogens among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. more recently, these bacteria became recognized as a threat to hospitalized patients suffering from other diseases, in particula ... | 2011 | 20811541 |
| ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities. | many biofilm populations are known for their exceptional biodiversity, but the relative contributions of the forces that could produce this diversity are poorly understood. this uncertainty grows in the old, well-established communities found on many natural surfaces and in long-term, chronic infections. if the prevailing interactions among species within biofilms are positive, productivity should increase with diversity, but if they tend towards competition or antagonism, productivity should de ... | 2011 | 20811470 |
| identification of potential diagnostic markers among burkholderia cenocepacia and b. multivorans supernatants. | patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) are susceptible to chronic respiratory infections with a number of bacterial pathogens. among them, the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria, consisting of nine related species, have emerged as problematic cf pathogens due to their antibiotic resistance, incidence of nosocomial infection, and person-to-person transmission. bcc organisms present the clinical microbiologist with a diagnostic dilemma due to the lack of phenotypic biochemical or growth-relat ... | 2010 | 20810766 |
| lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis and burkholderia cepacia complex infection: a single-center experience. | pre-operative infection with organisms from the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), particularly b cenocepacia, has been linked with a poorer prognosis after transplantation compared to patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) without this infection. therefore, many transplant centers do not list these patients for transplantation. | 2010 | 20810293 |
| hybrid pseudomonads engineered by two-step homologous recombination acquire novel degradation abilities toward aromatics and polychlorinated biphenyls. | pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 possesses a chromosomally encoded bph gene cluster responsible for the catabolism of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls. previously, we constructed chimeric versions of the bpha1 gene, which encodes a large subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase, by using dna shuffling between bpha1 genes from p. pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and burkholderia xenovorans lb400. in this study, we demonstrate replacement of the bpha1 gene with chimeric bpha1 sequence within the chromosoma ... | 2010 | 20809076 |
| in vitro activity of ceftazidime+nxl104 against pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenters. | nxl104 potentiates ceftazidime and ceftaroline against enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum, ampc, kpc and oxa β-lactamases. we examined whether similar potentiation was obtained against non-fermenters, which are less permeable than enterobacteriaceae and have more potent efflux. | 2010 | 20801783 |
| genomic acquisition of a capsular polysaccharide virulence cluster by non-pathogenic burkholderia isolates. | burkholderia thailandensis is a non-pathogenic environmental saprophyte closely related to burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the often fatal animal and human disease melioidosis. to study b. thailandensis genomic variation, we profiled 50 isolates using a pan-genome microarray comprising genomic elements from 28 burkholderia strains and species. | 2010 | 20799932 |
| effect of acidic ph on the invasion efficiency and the type iii secretion system of burkholderia thailandensis. | burkholderia thailandensis is a close relative of burkholderia pseudomallei. these organisms are very similar, but b. thailandensis is far less virulent than b. pseudomallei. nucleotide sequencing and analysis of 14 b. thailandensis isolates revealed variation in the regions coding for the type iii secreted bipd protein. the degree of b. thailandensis bipd sequence variation was greater than that found in b. pseudomallei. western blot analysis indicated that, unlike b. pseudomallei, b. thailande ... | 2010 | 20799096 |