Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| usefulness of b-mode and doppler sonography for the diagnosis of severe acute viral hepatitis a. | to investigate b-mode and doppler ultrasonography (us) features correlating with laboratory findings for the diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis (sah) in patients with hepatitis a virus infection. | 2016 | 25195942 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a in the usa associated with frozen pomegranate arils imported from turkey: an epidemiological case study. | in may, 2013, an outbreak of symptomatic hepatitis a virus infections occurred in the usa. federal, state, and local public health officials investigated the cause of the outbreak and instituted actions to control its spread. we investigated the source of the outbreak and assessed the public health measures used. | 2014 | 25195178 |
| a hospital-based retrospective study on frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is a major public health problem throughout the world. it is the inflammation of the liver due to the infection of any of the five main hepatic viruses a to e and it affects the liver through different modes of transmission. this study mainly aims at the frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis based on age and sex during a time period of 5 years. | 2014 | 25191049 |
| detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis a virus and norovirus outbreaks. | most persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. in this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis a virus [hav], and hepatitis e virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their ... | 2014 | 25172863 |
| [environmental virology and sanitation in brazil: a narrative review]. | sanitation services play a critical role in controlling transmission of numerous waterborne pathogens, especially viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis. the viral agents with the greatest public health impact are hepatitis a virus, rotaviruses and noroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, contaminating many brazilian aquatic ecosystems. heavy circulation of viruses in the environment has been related to inadequate local sanitary conditions, including incomplete coverage of s ... | 2014 | 25166934 |
| hepatitis a and e seroprevalence and associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional survey in rural amazonia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and represent common causes of acute hepatitis in developing countries. the endemicity of hav infection has shifted from high to moderate in brazil. human cases of hev infection seem to be rare, although the virus has been detected in swine livestock and effluents of slaughterhouses. this study was to determine the epidemiology of hepatitis a and e in one of the largest agricultural settlements in ... | 2014 | 25149658 |
| clinical and molecular analyses of sporadic acute hepatitis a and e and the specific viral genotypes isolated in iwate and three neighboring prefectures in the northern part of honshu, japan, between 2004 and 2013. | to examine the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in the northern part of honshu, japan, during the last decade. | 2015 | 25146162 |
| qualitative and quantitative assessment of hepatitis a virus in wastewaters in tunisia. | hepatitis a causes substantial morbidity in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries and represents an important health problem in several southern mediterranean countries. the objectives of the study were as follows: (a) to assess the occurrence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in tunisia through the monitoring of urban wastewaters collected at wastewater treatment plants (wtps); (b) to characterize environmental strains; and (c) to estimate the viral load in raw and treated sewages, in o ... | 2014 | 25129101 |
| the vp4 peptide of hepatitis a virus ruptures membranes through formation of discrete pores. | membrane-active peptides, components of capsid structural proteins, assist viruses in overcoming the host membrane barrier in the initial stages of infection. several such peptides have been identified, and their roles in membrane fusion or disruption have been characterized through biophysical studies. in several members of the picornaviridae family, the role of the vp4 structural peptide in cellular-membrane penetration is well established. however, there is not much information on the membran ... | 2014 | 25122794 |
| hepatitis a virus in west africa: is an epidemiological transition beginning? | studies of hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in sub-saharan africa have generally found very high anti-hav igg seroprevalence rates, but economic development and improved drinking water access may be contributing to decreasing incidence. | 2014 | 25114360 |
| circulation of hepatitis a genotype iiia virus in paediatric patients in central india. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, a major cause of childhood hepatitis is transmitted by orofaecal route. children mostly suffer with subclinical infection but may have serious clinical implications leading to hospitalization and mortality. igm elisa and nrt pcr were conducted on the blood samples collected from hav suspected paediatric cases referred to the viral diagnostic laboratory in the regional medical research centre for tribals at jabalpur, central india. the nrt pcr products were sequ ... | 2014 | 25109730 |
| no evidence of transmission from an acute case of hepatitis a in a foodhandler: follow-up of almost 1,000 potentially exposed individuals, london, united kingdom, april 2012. | identification of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a foodhandler in a london hotel led to a large incident response. we identified three potentially exposed groups: hotel staff who had regularly consumed food prepared by the case and shared toilet facilities with the case, patients who shared the same hospital ward as the case and hotel guests who consumed food prepared by the case. we arranged post-exposure hav vaccination for all 83 potentially exposed hotel staff and all 17 patients ... | 2014 | 25108536 |
| molecular basis of the behavior of hepatitis a virus exposed to high hydrostatic pressure. | food-borne hepatitis a outbreaks may be prevented by subjecting foods at risk of virus contamination to moderate treatments of high hydrostatic pressure (hhp). a pretreatment promoting hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid-folding changes enhances the virucidal effect of hhp, indicating that its efficacy depends on capsid conformation. hav populations enriched in immature capsids (125s provirions) are more resistant to hhp, suggesting that mature capsids (150s virions) are more susceptible to this trea ... | 2014 | 25107980 |
| induction and suppression of innate antiviral responses by picornaviruses. | the family picornaviridae comprises of small, non-enveloped, positive-strand rna viruses and contains many human and animal pathogens including enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71 and rhinovirus), cardioviruses (e.g. encephalomyocarditis virus), hepatitis a virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. picornavirus infections activate a cytosolic rna sensor, mda5, which in turn, induces a type i interferon response, a crucial component of antiviral immunity. moreover, picorn ... | 2014 | 25086453 |
| rapid detection and differentiation of human noroviruses using rt-pcr coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | the goal of this study was to develop an assay for the detection and differentiation of noroviruses using rt-pcr followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms). detection of hepatitis a virus was also considered. thirteen primer pairs were designed for use in this assay and a reference database was created using genbank sequences and reference norovirus samples. the assay was tested for inclusivity and exclusivity using 160 clinical norovirus samples, 3 samples of hepatitis a vir ... | 2014 | 25084648 |
| surveillance of hepatitis a virus in urban sewages and comparison with cases notified in the course of an outbreak, italy 2013. | over the past 20 years, hepatitis a notifications in italy have been in decline. since the beginning of 2013 however, italy has been experiencing a foodborne hepatitis a outbreak caused by genotype ia, involving hundreds of cases. consumption of frozen mixed berries was deemed the potential vehicle of infection.we aimed to investigate the spread of hepatitis a virus (hav) in italy through the monitoring of urban sewages collected at wastewater treatment plants (wtps) and a subsequent comparison ... | 2014 | 25074676 |
| proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in australia: an expert elicitation. | estimates of the burden of illness acquired from food inform public health policy and prioritize interventions. a key component of such estimates is the proportion of illnesses that are acquired by foodborne transmission. in view of the shortage of requisite data, these proportions are commonly obtained through a process known as expert elicitation. we report findings from an elicitation process used to assess the importance of the foodborne transmission route for nine pathogens in australia, ci ... | 2014 | 25072416 |
| a one-tube multiplexed colorimetric strategy based on plasmonic nanoparticles combined with non-negative matrix factorization. | herein, a one-tube colorimetric platform has been developed for the simultaneous determination of two analytes (dna as model object) in one tube with picomolar sensitivity. spr-active nanoparticles are used to encode reporter probes sensitive to oligonucleotides associated with hepatitis a virus vall7 polyprotein gene (hva) and hepatitis b virus surface-antigen gene (hvb) respectively and magnetic beads (mbs) serve as the removal tool. in this mixed nanoparticles based biosensor, the addition of ... | 2014 | 25059165 |
| evidence of hepatitis a virus person-to-person transmission in household outbreaks. | the person-to-person transmission of the hepatitis a virus primarily occurs in enclosed spaces, particularly in the presence of inadequate hygiene conditions and a high proportion of susceptible individuals. thus, intimate family contact stands out as a risk factor for hav infection dissemination. the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of household hav transmission. blood samples were collected from patients with hepatitis a (index cases) and their family members (contacts) that were ... | 2014 | 25050760 |
| hepatitis a virus in the middle east and north africa region: a new challenge. | during the past three decades, a gradual shift in the age of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) from early childhood to adulthood has been observed. there is a general lack of updated data on hav burden of disease, incidence and age-specific seroprevalence in countries of the middle east and north africa (mena) region. the aim of this article is to review the published data on anti-hav seroprevalence, an important tool to monitor infections rates, in countries of the mena region and associat ... | 2014 | 25040644 |
| changes in the seroprevalence of igg anti-hepatitis a virus between 2001 and 2013: experience at a single center in korea. | the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis a reportedly increased among 20- to 40-year-old korean during the late 2000s. vaccination against hepatitis a was commenced in the late 1990s and was extended to children aged <10 years. in the present study we analyzed the changes in the seroprevalence of igg anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) over the past 13 years. | 2014 | 25032182 |
| enteric porcine viruses in farmed shellfish in denmark. | bivalve shellfish are at constant risk of being exposed to pathogens as a consequence of contamination of the shellfish beds with human or animal waste originating from sewage treatment plants or slurry fertilized fields. consumption of contaminated oysters and mussels are frequently reported as causes of disease outbreaks caused by norovirus or hepatitis a virus. other zoonotic pathogens such as hepatitis e virus (hev), rotavirus (rv) and salmonella from livestock may also be transmitted to she ... | 2014 | 25016209 |
| acute hepatitis after starting pinaverium bromide in a patient taking mirtazapine. | a 56-year-old man presented with chronic abdominal pain. he had been evaluated extensively in the recent past undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy and ct scan of the abdomen with normal results. the provisional diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome was performed and pinaverium bromide was started. the patient had pre-existing hypertension, a major depressive disorder and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. he had been taking nebivolol and pantoprazole for several years and mir ... | 2014 | 25015163 |
| detection, differentiation, and vp1 sequencing of duck hepatitis a virus type 1 and type 3 by a 1-step duplex reverse-transcription pcr assay. | duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) is an infectious pathogen causing fatal duck viral hepatitis in ducklings. although both the inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines have been used to protect ducklings, dhav-1 and dhav-3 still cause significant serious damage to the duck industry in china and south korea. for rapid detection, differentiation, and epidemic investigation of dhav in china, a genotype-specific 1-step duplex reverse-transcription (rt) pcr assay was established in this study. t ... | 2014 | 25012848 |
| new small-molecule inhibitors effectively blocking picornavirus replication. | few drugs targeting picornaviruses are available, making the discovery of antivirals a high priority. here, we identified and characterized three compounds from a library of kinase inhibitors that block replication of poliovirus, coxsackievirus b3, and encephalomyocarditis virus. using an in vitro translation-replication system, we showed that these drugs inhibit different stages of the poliovirus life cycle. a4(1) inhibited both the formation and functioning of the replication complexes, while ... | 2014 | 25008939 |
| hepatitis a seropositivity among newly admitted medical students of isfahan, kermanshah, and hamedan: a seroprevalence study. | health science students are at an increased risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection even under accidental infection. the aims of this study were to assess the seroprevalence of hav in 1(st) year medical students and to determine the risk factors of hav vaccination program among this population. | 2014 | 25002901 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis on the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a in iran. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. annual medical and work loss costs of hepatitis a are significant even in low-endemic countries. it is recommended that each country should collect and review the information needed to estimate its national burden of hepatitis a to provide evidence for health policy makers to implement appropriate and cost-effective preventive strategy for hav infection. the objective of this study was to estimate accurate prevalence of ... | 2014 | 25002897 |
| novel microrna-like viral small regulatory rnas arising during human hepatitis a virus infection. | micrornas (mirnas), including host mirnas and viral mirnas, play vital roles in regulating host-virus interactions. dna viruses encode mirnas that regulate the viral life cycle. however, it is generally believed that cytoplasmic rna viruses do not encode mirnas, owing to inaccessible cellular mirna processing machinery. here, we provide a comprehensive genome-wide analysis and identification of mirnas that were derived from hepatitis a virus (hav; hu/china/h2/1982), which is a typical cytoplasmi ... | 2014 | 25002121 |
| suppression of la antigen exerts potential antiviral effects against hepatitis a virus. | despite the development and availability of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, hav infection is still a major cause of acute hepatitis that occasionally leads to fatal liver disease. hav internal ribosomal entry-site (ires) is one of the attractive targets of antiviral agents against hav. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of la, one of the cellular proteins, on hav ires-mediated translation and hav replication. | 2014 | 24999657 |
| virus removal capacity at varying ionic strength during nanofiltration of alphanine® sd. | nanofiltration is incorporated into the manufacturing processes of many protein biopharmaceuticals to enhance safety by providing the capacity to retain pathogens while allowing protein drugs to pass through the filter. retention is mainly a function of size; however, the shape of the pathogen may also influence retention. the ability of the viresolve(®) pro nanofilter to remove different sized viruses during the manufacture of a coagulation factor ix (alphanine(®) sd) was studied at varying ion ... | 2014 | 24999080 |
| propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of muscovy duck (cairina moschata) origin. | duck circovirus, duck hepatitis a virus 1, goose parvovirus and goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus are economically damaging pathogens of waterfowl, and replicate poorly or not at all in established cell lines. age1.cr, age1.cr.pix and age1.cs cell lines, originating from the muscovy duck, were tested for their suitability to isolate and identify these viruses. immunofluorescence (if) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction investigations verified that all cell lines are permissive for all four ... | 2014 | 24992264 |
| hiv infection and risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among injecting drug users -- national hiv behavioral surveillance system, 20 u.s. cities, 2009. | at the end of 2009, an estimated 1,148,200 persons aged ≥13 years were living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the united states. despite the recent decreases in hiv infection attributed to injection drug use, 8% of new hiv infections in 2010 occurred among injecting drug users (idus). | 2014 | 24990587 |
| identification and validation of a novel microrna-like molecule derived from a cytoplasmic rna virus antigenome by bioinformatics and experimental approaches. | it is generally believed that rna virus replicating in the cell cytoplasm would not encode micrornas (mirnas) due to nucleus inaccessibility. recent studies have described cytoplasmic rna virus genome-derived mirnas in west nile virus (wnv) and dengue virus (denv). however, naturally occurring mirnas derived from the antigenome of a cytoplasmic rna virus have not been described. | 2014 | 24981144 |
| whole genome sequencing to identify host genetic risk factors for severe outcomes of hepatitis a virus infection. | acute liver failure is a severe, but rare, outcome of hepatitis a virus infection. unusual presentations of prevalent infections have often been attributed to pathogen-specific immune deficits that exhibit mendelian inheritance. genome-wide resequencing of unrelated cases has proven to be a powerful approach for identifying highly penetrant risk alleles that underlie such syndromes. rare mutations likely to affect protein expression or function can be identified from sequence data, and their ass ... | 2014 | 24978929 |
| hepatitis e virus and fulminant hepatitis--a virus or host-specific pathology? | fulminant hepatitis is a rare outcome of infection with hepatitis e virus. several recent reports suggest that virus variation is an important determinant of disease progression. to critically examine the evidence that virus-specific factors underlie the development of fulminant hepatitis following hepatitis e virus infection. | 2015 | 24974734 |
| epidemiological investigation of the jaundice outbreak in lalkuan, nainital district, uttarakhand. | in march 2013, cases of acute hepatitis were reported from lalkuan, nainital district. we investigated the outbreak to identify the source of infection and to facilitate control measures. | 2014 | 24963225 |
| [serodiagnosis of acute hepatitis in adults patients: results of a prospective study in a central region of tunisia]. | prérequis: viral hepatitis is a public health problem in many parts of the globe. in tunisia, the respective responsibility of five viruses (hav, hdv, hbv, hcv and hev) in the genesis of acute hepatitis in adults is only roughly indicated in the absence of suitable serological studies, given as important to plan appropriate preventive strategies. | 2014 | 24955966 |
| evaluation of immunomagnetic separation method for the recovery of hepatitis a virus and gi.1 and gii.4 norovirus strains seeded on oyster and mussel. | outbreaks of viral diseases are frequently associated with the consumption of minimally processed shellfish. among the viruses in these outbreaks, hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus (nov) have been increasingly reported as the most common food-borne pathogens. these viruses must be concentrated in tested samples in order to be detected. in this study, a method for the detection of nov and hav in shellfish using an immuno-magnetic separation (ims) procedure combined with reverse transcri ... | 2014 | 24952877 |
| vaccination coverage against hepatitis a and b viruses, streptococcus pneumoniae, seasonal flu, and a(h1n1)2009 pandemic influenza in hiv-infected patients. | several vaccines are recommended in hiv-infected patients due to an increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections, severe forms of the disease, or shared transmission routes. few data are available regarding vaccination coverage and its determinants in this population. | 2014 | 24951870 |
| assessment of packed bed bioreactor systems in the production of viral vaccines. | vaccination is believed to be the most effective method for the prevention of infectious diseases. thus it is imperative to develop cost effective and scalable process for the production of vaccines so as to make them affordable for mass use. in this study, performance of a novel disposable icellis fixed bed bioreactor system was investigated for the production of some viral vaccines like rabies, hepatitis-a and chikungunya vaccines in comparison to conventional systems like the commercially ava ... | 2014 | 24949260 |
| detection of enteric viruses in activated sludge by feasible concentration methods. | human enteric viruses are responsible to cause several diseases, including gastroenteritis and hepatitis, and can be present in high amounts in sewage sludge. this study compared virus recovery efficiency of two feasible concentration methods used for detecting human adenovirus (hadv), rotavirus species a (rv-a), norovirus genogroup ii (nov gii) and hepatitis a virus (hav) in sewage sludge from an activated sludge process. twelve sewage sludge samples were collected bi-monthly from january to ju ... | 2014 | 24948954 |
| hepatic flares in chronic hepatitis c: spontaneous exacerbation vs hepatotropic viruses superinfection. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) causes an acute infection that is frequently asymptomatic, but a spontaneous eradication of hcv infection occurs only in one-third of patients. the remaining two-thirds develop a chronic infection that, in most cases, shows an indolent course and a slow progression to the more advanced stages of the illness. nearly a quarter of cases with chronic hepatitis c (chc) develop liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. the indolent course of the illness may ... | 2014 | 24944463 |
| conjugated bilirubin affects cytokine profiles in hepatitis a virus infection by modulating function of signal transducer and activator of transcription factors. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the major cause of acute liver failure in paediatric patients. the clinical spectrum of infection is variable, and liver injury is determined by altered hepatic enzyme function and bilirubin concentration. we recently reported differences in cytokine profiles between distinct hav-induced clinical courses, and bilirubin has been recognized as a potential immune-modulator. however, how bilirubin may affect cytokine profiles underlying the variability in the cou ... | 2014 | 24943111 |
| a comparison of the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in buffered cell culture medium. | human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are considered as epidemiologically significant causes of foodborne disease. therefore, studies are needed to bridge existing data gaps and determine appropriate parameters for thermal inactivation of human noroviruses and hav. the objectives of this research were to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus (mnv-1), and feline calicivirus (fcv-f9)) and hav in buffered medium (2-ml vials), compare first ... | 2014 | 24929739 |
| state of the globe: hepatitis a virus - return of a water devil. | 2014 | 24926164 | |
| prevalence of human noroviruses in frozen marketed shellfish, red fruits and fresh vegetables. | noroviruses (novs), currently recognised as the most common human food-borne pathogens, are ubiquitous in the environment and can be transmitted to humans through multiple foodstuffs. in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of human nov genogroups i (gi) and ii (gii) in 493 food samples including soft red fruits (n = 200), salad vegetables (n = 210) and bivalve mollusc shellfish (n = 83), using the bovine enterovirus type 1 as process extraction control for the first time. viral extractions w ... | 2014 | 24923255 |
| hepatitis a virus 3c protease cleaves nemo to impair induction of beta interferon. | nemo (nf-κb essential modulator) is a bridging adaptor indispensable for viral activation of interferon (ifn) antiviral response. herein, we show that hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c protease (3cpro) cleaves nemo at the q304 residue, negating its signaling adaptor function and abrogating viral induction of ifn-β synthesis via the retinoic acid-inducible gene i/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (rig-i/mda5) and toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) pathways. nemo cleavage and ifn antagonism, however ... | 2014 | 24920812 |
| knowledge and prevalence of viral hepatitis among beauticians. | beauty treatments, such as tattooing, piercing, manicures, pedicures, and barbershop shaving, can pose an important risk of virus transmission. this study was conducted to determine hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) prevalence in a sample of beauticians from rio de janeiro (southeast brazil) and to assess the knowledge and attitudes of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis and their practices during their activities. one hundred nineteen beauti ... | 2014 | 24916521 |
| concentration of enteric viruses from tap water using an anion exchange resin-based method. | detecting low concentrations of enteric viruses in water is needed for public health-related monitoring and control purposes. thus, there is a need for sensitive, rapid and cost effective enteric viral concentration methods compatible with downstream molecular detection. here, a virus concentration method based on adsorption of the virus to an anion exchange resin and direct isolation of nucleic acids is presented. ten liter samples of tap water spiked with different concentrations (10-10,000 tc ... | 2014 | 24911889 |
| human and bovine viruses in the milwaukee river watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables. | to examine the occurrence, hydrologic variability, and seasonal variability of human and bovine viruses in surface water, three stream locations were monitored in the milwaukee river watershed in wisconsin, usa, from february 2007 through june 2008. monitoring sites included an urban subwatershed, a rural subwatershed, and the milwaukee river at the mouth. to collect samples that characterize variability throughout changing hydrologic periods, a process control system was developed for unattende ... | 2014 | 24908645 |
| chickens host diverse picornaviruses originated from potential interspecies transmission with recombination. | while chickens are an important reservoir for emerging pathogens such as avian influenza viruses, little is known about the diversity of picornaviruses in poultry. we discovered a previously unknown diversity of picornaviruses in chickens in hong kong. picornaviruses were detected in 87 cloacal and 7 tracheal samples from 93 of 900 chickens by reverse transcription-pcr, with their partial 3d(pol) gene sequences forming five distinct clades (i to v) among known picornaviruses. analysis of eight g ... | 2014 | 24906980 |
| occurrence of norovirus and hepatitis a virus in wild mussels collected from the baltic sea. | the aim of the study was to define the occurrence of human noroviruses of genogroup i and ii (nov gi and nov gii) and hepatitis a virus (hav) in the baltic sea mussels. the shellfish samples were taken at the sampling sites located on the polish coast. in total, 120 shellfish were tested as pooled samples using rt-pcr and hybridisation with virus specific probes. nov gi was detected in 22 (18.3%), nov gii in 28 (23.3%), and hav in 9 (7.5%) of the shellfish. the nucleotide sequence analysis of th ... | 2014 | 24906970 |
| individuals having variant genotypes of cytochrome p450 2c19 are at increased risk of developing primary liver cancer in han populations, without infection with the hepatitis virus. | recently, many researchers have reported that the genetic polymorphisms of cyp2c19 may account for the interpatient variability of the clinical course in cancers including primary liver cancer (plc). besides the genetic polymorphisms of cyp2c19, hepatitis viruses (hv, including hav, hbv, hcv, hdv, hev, especially hbv and/or hcv) also account for the interpatient variability of the clinical course in plc. this research covered the above two factors and divided the patients with plc into two group ... | 2014 | 24906606 |
| simultaneous detection of duck hepatitis a virus types 1 and 3, and of duck astrovirus type 1, by multiplex rt-pcr. | 2014 | 24903592 | |
| a rapid single-tube protocol for hav detection by nested real-time pcr. | infections by food-borne viruses such as hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus are significant public health concerns worldwide. since food-borne viruses are rarely confirmed through direct isolation from contaminated samples, highly sensitive molecular techniques remain the methods of choice for the detection of viral genetic material. our group has previously developed a specific nested real-time pcr (nrt-pcr) assay for hav detection that improved overall sensitivity. furthermore in this study ... | 2014 | 24902810 |
| multiplex hydrolysis probe real-time pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus. | detection of hepatitis viral infections has traditionally relied on the circulating antibody test using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. however, multiplex real-time pcr has been increasingly used for a variety of viral nucleic acid detections and has proven to be superior to traditional methods. hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the major causes of acute hepatitis worldwide; both hav and hev infection are a main public health problem. in the present study, a one-step ... | 2014 | 24886818 |
| recurrent paratyphoid fever a co-infected with hepatitis a reactivated chronic hepatitis b. | we report here a case of recurrent paratyphoid fever a with hepatitis a co-infection in a patient with chronic hepatitis b. a 26-year-old male patient, who was a hepatitis b virus carrier, was co-infected with salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and hepatitis a virus. the recurrence of the paratyphoid fever may be ascribed to the coexistence of hepatitis b, a course of ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin that was too short and the insensitivity of paratyphoid fever a to levofloxacin. we find that ... | 2014 | 24884719 |
| isolation and genomic sequence of hepatitis a virus from mixed frozen berries in italy. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was detected in two samples of mixed frozen berries linked to italian hepatitis a outbreak in april and september 2013. both viruses were fully sequenced by next-generation sequencing and the genomes clustered with hav complete genomes of sub-genotype ia with nucleotide identities of 95-97%. | 2014 | 24859055 |
| a systematic review of hepatitis e virus infection in children. | a systematic review was conducted, seeking all literature relevant to the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and outcome of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in children. transmission is thought to be primarily from fecal-oral transmission, with the role of transmission from animal reservoirs not being clear in children. worldwide, seroprevalence is <10% up to 10 years of age, with the exception of 1 of 5 studies from india and the sole study from egypt. seroprevalence increases wit ... | 2014 | 24846637 |
| need for immunization against hepatotropic viruses in children with chronic liver disease. | infection with hepatotropic viruses is a common cause of acute deterioration and adverse outcome in children with chronic liver disease (cld). such superimposed infections may be preventable through vaccination. the present study aimed to evaluate the exposure rates of hepatitis a, b, and e viruses in children with cld and suggest an optimal vaccination strategy. | 2014 | 24840513 |
| enteric hepatitis viruses. | hepatitis viruses are infectious agents that can infect liver and cause inflammation. the infection triggers immune response against infected cells that leads to the destruction of hepatic cells. this destruction has two consequences: leaking alt and ast liver enzymes which increases during the course of disease and accumulation of bilirubin- a red pigmented compound released from dead red cells- which causes the yellow coloration of eyes and skin. these viruses transmit through diverse routes i ... | 2012 | 24834192 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in british columbia, canada: the roles of established surveillance, consumer loyalty cards and collaboration, february to may 2012. | non-travel-related hepatitis a is rare in canada. we describe a hepatitis a outbreak investigation in british columbia in february to may 2012 in which exposure history was collected from nine confirmed non-travel-related cases. suspected foods were tested for hepatitis a virus (hav): a frozen fruit blend was identified as a common exposure for six of the nine cases using supermarket loyalty cards. consumption of the product was confirmed in each case. genetic analysis confirmed hav genotype 1b ... | 2014 | 24832119 |
| semi-direct lysis of swabs and evaluation of their efficiencies to recover human noroviruses gi and gii from surfaces. | enteric viruses such as noroviruses (novs) continue to be the cause of widespread viral outbreaks due to person-to-person transmission, contaminated food, and contaminated surfaces. in order to optimize swabbing methodology for the detection of viruses on (food) contact surfaces, three swab elution/extraction strategies were compared in part one of this study, out of which, one strategy was based on the recently launched iso protocol (iso/ts 15216-1) for the determination of hepatitis a virus an ... | 2014 | 24832038 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a among students enrolled in tehran university of medical sciences during 2011. | hepatitis a is often asymptomatic in children, however it can become a serious disease in adults. for countries that do not have a universal vaccination strategy targeted vaccination for high risk groups is recommended. health workers could be at a higher risk of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) compared to the general population. the aim of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis a among enrolled students in tehran university of medical sciences in 2011. | 2013 | 24829683 |
| hepatitis a virus: is vaccination necessary in middle east? | 2013 | 24829681 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in west bengal, india: a hospital-based study. | india is an endemic zone for hepatitis e virus (hev), which is associated with both epidemic and sporadic infections. in west bengal, only two hepatitis e outbreaks have been studied to date. however, sporadic cases of hev infection also occur during inter-epidemic periods. the aim of this hospital-based study was to detect the prevalence of hev infection in patients with acute sporadic hepatitis in west bengal, india. blood samples and clinical information were collected from 285 patients of bo ... | 2014 | 24821066 |
| assessment of water quality in a border region between the atlantic forest and an urbanised area in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the preservation of water resources is one of the goals of the designation of parks that act as natural reservoirs. in order to assess the impact of the presence of humans in an environmental preservation area bordering urban areas, the presence of four pathogenic enteric viruses [group a rotavirus (rv-a), norovirus (nov), human adenoviruses (hadv), and hepatitis a virus (hav)], as well as the physico-chemical parameters, and escherichia coli levels were assessed in riverine water samples. from ... | 2014 | 24818567 |
| expression and immunogenic analysis of recombinant polypeptides derived from capsid protein vp1 for developing subunit vaccine material against hepatitis a virus. | three recombinant polypeptides, vp1-his, vp1-3n-his, and 3d2-his, were produced by escherichia coli expression system. recombinant vp1-his, vp1-3n-his, and 3d2-his were expressed as bands with molecular weights of 32, 38, and 30 kda, respectively. these were purified by affinity chromatography using ni-nta fast-flow resin and/or ion-exchange chromatography using deae-sepharose fast-flow resin. intraperitoneal immunizations of recombinant polypeptides successfully elicited the productions of vp1- ... | 2014 | 24816194 |
| impact of the prevalence of different pathogens on the performance of sampling plans in lettuce products. | prevalence and concentration of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp. and enteric pathogenic viruses (namely hepatitis a-hav, and noroviruses genogroup i-novgi and genogroup ii-novgii) were determined in raw and rte lettuce from a spanish processing premise. fifteen samplings were made from september 2010 to february 2012 (n=600 samples). sampling strategies for pathogen detection were suggested by the characterization of the uncertainty in prevalence associated with the performance of two-cla ... | 2014 | 24815427 |
| pathogen inactivation efficacy of mirasol prt system and intercept blood system for non-leucoreduced platelet-rich plasma-derived platelets suspended in plasma. | this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pathogen inactivation (pi) in non-leucoreduced platelet-rich plasma-derived platelets suspended in plasma using the mirasol prt system and the intercept blood system. | 2014 | 24806328 |
| development and evaluation of a das-elisa for rapid detection of tembusu virus using monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein. | since april 2010, tembusu virus (tmuv) which is a contagious pathogen of waterfowls, causing symptoms of high fever, loss of appetite and fall in egg production, has been reported in east of china. a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) which detects for tmuv was developed, using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the tmuv envelope (e) protein. balb/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant e protein expressed in e. coli. three hybridoma cell lines d ... | 2014 | 24797141 |
| mutational modifications of hepatitis a virus proteins 2b and 2c described for cell culture-adapted and attenuated virus are present in wild-type virus populations. | studies have identified certain mutations in the 2b and 2c proteins of hepatitis a virus (hav) as being essential for efficient growth in cultured cells, and it is assumed that these mutations contribute to the attenuated phenotype. we found that mutations supporting cell culture growth already exist in wild-type hav populations. this suggests that these variants are not entirely generated de novo but are selected from the wild-type population. in a prolonged case of hepatitis a, we found that s ... | 2014 | 24796555 |
| [contamination of typical human enteric viruses in economic shellfish along the chinese coast]. | the objective of this study is to understand the contamination of human enteric viruses in economic shellfish along the chinese coast, an important issue of ensuring the seafood safety. | 2014 | 24783856 |
| evaluation of a sensitive reverse transcription pcr-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a virus in oysters (saccostrea glomerata) on the east coast of the gulf of thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) contamination in food can lead to major health problems. we developed a combination reverse transcription (rt) pcr method plus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect hav in fresh oysters harvested along the east coast of the gulf of thailand. viral nucleic acid was extracted via the glycine-arginine-polyethylene glycol method followed by rt-pcr amplification with specifically designed primers against hav and an elisa to detect the digoxigenin-labeled rt-pcr p ... | 2014 | 24780346 |
| effectiveness of depuration for hepatitis a virus removal from mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis). | the efficacy and kinetic of depuration of hepatitis a virus (hav) were evaluated under experimental conditions with mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) subjected previously to bioaccumulation processes. seven independent trials (70kg of mussels each) were performed in a closed experimental system using two different water temperatures (13 and 17°c) during 7days. the real time rt-pcr technique with taqman probes was used for viral quantification. qualitative infectivity assays were ... | 2014 | 24769165 |
| ongoing hepatitis a outbreak in europe 2013 to 2014: imported berry mix cake suspected to be the source of infection in norway. | on 7 march 2014, an increase in hepatitis a virus (hav) infections was identified in norway. as of 12 april, 19 cases of hav infection with a virus strain identical to an ongoing european outbreak have been identified. six probable cases are currently under investigation. on 11 april, a frozen berry mix cake imported from another european country was found as the likely source of the outbreak; the importer has withdrawn the product in norway. | 2014 | 24762662 |
| molecular surveillance of hepatitis a virus in argentina: first subgenotype ib detected in a traveler. | by using molecular surveillance of hepatitis a virus, we characterized for the first time a subgenotype ib imported case in argentina, a country with universal vaccination since 2005. the case was a crew member of a cruise ship. we consider this a case alert because of its multiple implications. | 2014 | 24756019 |
| efficacy and safety of hepatitis a vaccination in kidney transplant recipients. | in recent years, symptomatic hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has been reported with increasing frequency in korea. therefore, hav vaccination should be considered in kidney transplant recipients (ktrs). the study investigated the efficacy and safety of hav vaccination in ktrs under modern triple immunosuppressive agents. | 2014 | 24750343 |
| hepatitis a infection in patients with chronic viral liver disease: a cross-sectional study in jahrom, iran. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) in patient with chronic liver disease (cld; due to hepatitis b or hepatitis c) may cause severe disease and fulminant liver failure. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in patients infected with hcv or hbv in iran (jahrom city). a total of 159 patients with underlying cld were recruited between september 2012 and february 2013. serum samples were collected from each patient and tested for anti-hav using enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2015 | 24742346 |
| poor adherence to aasld guidelines for chronic hepatitis b management and treatment in a large academic medical center. | adherence to the american association for the study of liver disease (aasld) guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis b (chb) has not been systematically assessed. we sought to comprehensively evaluate adherence to five key areas of these guidelines. we also evaluated physician and patient factors underlying nonadherence, and predictors of nonadherence such as physician type, patient demographic factors, and phase of chb infection. | 2014 | 24732869 |
| incidence and molecular characterization of hepatitis a viruses in korean surface water between 2007 and 2010. | several bodies of surface water in korea were surveyed for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) between 2007 and 2010. of 265 surface water samples, 9 (3.4%) were hav-positive. havs were mainly detected in the summer (3/62, 4.8%) and spring (4/96, 4.2%) seasons. comparing different water sources, the highest prevalence (6.6%) of positive samples was seen in lake water, four hav-positive samples being from lakes. comparing prevalence rates across the four representative korean basin systems, n ... | 2014 | 24731144 |
| pathogen safety of beriate®. | plasma-derived factor viii (fviii) concentrates have been used successfully to treat haemophilia a since the late 1960s. to ensure the pathogen safety of the plasma-derived fviii concentrate, beriate(®) (formerly beriate(®) p), donors of blood/plasma are carefully selected and all donations are screened for hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), antibodies against hiv types 1 and 2 (hiv-1/hiv-2) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), and genomic material of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus ( ... | 2014 | 24726555 |
| case report of a transfusion-associated hepatitis a infection. | documented transfusion-associated hepatitis a (taha) is rare, and blood donors in the united states are not routinely screened for this infection. we report a case of taha associated with a donation made 8 days after a donor returned from a trip to south america. | 2014 | 24689888 |
| development, production, and postmarketing surveillance of hepatitis a vaccines in china. | china has long experience using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines against hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. we summarize this experience and provide recent data on adverse events after immunization (aefis) with hepatitis a vaccines in china. we reviewed the published literature (in chinese and english) and the published chinese regulatory documents on hepatitis a vaccine development, production, and postmarketing surveillance of aefi. we described the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy ... | 2014 | 24681843 |
| assessment of the risks for human health of adenoviruses, hepatitis a virus, rotaviruses and enteroviruses in the buffalo river and three source water dams in the eastern cape. | buffalo river is an important water resource in the eastern cape province of south africa. the potential risks of infection constituted by exposure to human enteric viruses in the buffalo river and three source water dams along its course were assessed using mean values and static quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra). the daily risks of infection determined by the exponential model [for human adenovirus (hadv) and enterovirus (env)] and the beta-poisson model (for hepatitis a virus (hav ... | 2014 | 24676673 |
| qualitative and quantitative assessment of viral contamination in bivalve molluscs harvested in italy. | bivalve molluscs are a well documented source of viral infection. further data on shellfish viral contamination are needed to implement european regulations with sanitary measures more effective against viral pathogens. to this aim, 336 samples of bivalve molluscs (185 mussels, 66 clams, 23 oysters and 62 samples from other species) collected in harvesting areas of class a and b of four italian regions were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative determination of hepatitis a virus (hav) and no ... | 2014 | 24666883 |
| genetic characterization of a novel duck-origin picornavirus with six 2a proteins. | a novel virus was detected from diseased ducks and completely determined. the virus was shown to have a picornavirus-like genome layout. interestingly, the genome contained a total of up to six 2as, including four 2as (2a1-2a4) each having an npgp motif, an aig1-like 2a5, and a parechovirus-like 2a6. the 5'utr was predicted to possess a hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosome entry site (ires). however, the subdomain iiie consisted of a 3 nt stem and five unpaired bases, distinct from thos ... | 2014 | 24659102 |
| underdiagnosis of foodborne hepatitis a, the netherlands, 2008-2010(1.). | outbreaks of foodborne hepatitis a are rarely recognized as such. detection of these infections is challenging because of the infection's long incubation period and patients' recall bias. nevertheless, the complex food market might lead to reemergence of hepatitis a virus outside of disease-endemic areas. to assess the role of food as a source of infection, we combined routine surveillance with real-time strain sequencing in the netherlands during 2008-2010. virus rna from serum of 248 (59%) of ... | 2014 | 24655539 |
| encephalitis associated with acute hepatitis a. | encephalitis is caused by multiple organisms, but rarely by the hepatitis a virus. a 27-year-old man visited our hospital because of fever, altered consciousness, and seizures. on physical exam, a stuporous mentality and neck stiffness were found. on laboratory exam, elevated liver enzymes and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, including pleocytosis and elevated protein levels were observed. the hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibody was also detected. we conclude that these findings were compatib ... | 2011 | 24649441 |
| [rapidly detect and distinguish between norovirus g i and g ii type with a pair of primers]. | the purpose of this study was to develop rt- pcr assay for rapidly detect and distinguish between norovirus genogroup i and genogroup ii with a pair of primers. | 2013 | 24645329 |
| [not available]. | the hepatitis a virus causes about one third of all acute cases of viral hepatitis in germany. the virus is usually transmitted via the fecal oral route, in most cases by close contact with an infected individual. only a small percentage of cases is recorded as food-borne; however a high number of unrecognized food-borne infections has to be assumed. transmission by food is favoured by the extraordinary stability of the virus, by high viral concentrations in the stool of infected individuals, an ... | 2002 | 24643269 |
| hepatitis a immunity in the district of aveiro (portugal): an eleven-year surveillance study (2002-2012). | hepatitis a is a common viral liver disease and brings serious health and economic problems as its epidemiologic pattern changes over time. national serosurveys from developed countries have indicated a decline in hav (hepatitis a virus) seroprevalence over time due to the improvement of economic and sanitation levels. the hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity rate was surveyed throughout an eleven-year period by sex and age group in aveiro district. in this retrospective study, blood samples from pa ... | 2014 | 24638206 |
| duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) genotype definition: comment on the article by cha et al. | duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) is genetically divided into three different genotypes: the original type dhav-1, a type recently isolated in taiwan (dhav-2), and a recently described type isolated in south korea and china (dhav-3). recently, cha et al. (2013) concluded that the existence that both dhav-1 and dhav-2 had been classified into one branch, with dhav genotype 3 (dhav-3) in another, and that the phylogenetic distance unit showed was 0.5, a tremendous value. however, there might be some c ... | 2014 | 24636163 |
| clinical significance of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (afp) level in acute viral hepatitis a (aha). | the clinical course of acute viral hepatitis a (aha) is highly variable. serum alphafetoprotein (afp) level is often elevated in various types of acute liver injuries, indicating active liver regeneration. this study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum afp level in the aspect of the early recovery in aha. | 2013 | 24634927 |
| determination of thermal inactivation kinetics of hepatitis a virus in blue mussel (mytilus edulis) homogenate. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a food-borne enteric virus responsible for outbreaks of hepatitis associated with shellfish consumption. the objectives of this study were to determine the thermal inactivation behavior of hav in blue mussels, to compare the first-order and weibull models to describe the data, to calculate arrhenius activation energy for each model, and to evaluate model efficiency by using selected statistical criteria. the times required to reduce the population by 1 log cycle (d-val ... | 2014 | 24632250 |
| molecular characterisation of hepatitis a virus strains from water sources in south africa. | hepatitis a virus (hav) strains found in selected south african (sa) surface waters were characterised to establish what hav types are circulating in the environment, thus reflecting circulation in the surrounding communities. surface water samples used for irrigation or domestic purposes, and water samples from the outflow of wastewater plants were collected from six provinces. viruses were recovered from the samples using a glass wool adsorption-elution method and then further concentrated usi ... | 2014 | 24622538 |
| evaluation of pediatric patients with hepatitis a. | hepatitis a is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, especially in children. the clinical severity of the hepatitis a virus (hav) infection varies from an asymptomatic infection to a fulminant disease. in this study, we aimed to evaluate characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with hav infection. | 2014 | 24619264 |
| role of viruses and other microbes in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes is caused by an immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing beta-cells in the pancreas. the risk of the disease is determined by interactions between more than 40 different susceptibility genes and yet unidentified environmental factors. the rapidly increasing incidence indicates that these environmental agents have a significant role in the pathogenesis. microbes have associated with both increased and decreased risk reflecting their possible role as risk or protective fact ... | 2014 | 24611784 |
| apoptosis induction in duck tissues during duck hepatitis a virus type 1 infection. | to investigate the role of apoptosis in duck viral hepatitis pathogenesis, 4- and 21-d-old ducks were inoculated with duck hepatitis a virus serotype 1 and killed at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postinfection. tdt-mediated dutp nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis cells. expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, -8, -9, and bcl-2 in spleen, bursa of fabricius, liver, and the quantity of virus in blood were examined using real-time pcr. the tdt-mediated dutp nick-end ... | 2014 | 24604844 |
| development of lectin-linked immunomagnetic separation for the detection of hepatitis a virus. | the accuracy and sensitivity of pcr-based methods for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) are dependent on the methods used to separate and concentrate the hav from the infected cells. the ph and ionic strength affect the binding affinity of the virus to cells. in this study, we initially investigated the effects of ph (4.0-10.0) and metal ions (fe²⁺, co²⁺, cu²⁺, mg²⁺, k⁺, and ca²⁺) on the binding of hav to oyster digestive cells. the lowest relative binding (rb) of hav to the cells was found a ... | 2014 | 24599279 |