Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| effects of cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration and pparγ activation on rhesus macaque whole blood mirna and mrna expression profiles. | degeneration of sympathetic innervation of the heart occurs in numerous diseases, including diabetes, idiopathic rem sleep disorder, and parkinson's disease (pd). in pd, cardiac sympathetic denervation occurs in 80-90% of patients and can begin before the onset of motor symptoms. today, there are no disease-modifying therapies for cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration, and biomarkers are limited to radioimaging techniques. analysis of expression levels of coding mrna and noncoding rnas, such as ... | 2020 | 32462037 |
| paternal age in rhesus macaques is positively associated with germline mutation accumulation but not with measures of offspring sociability. | mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic novelty and the cause of heritable genetic disorders. mutational burden has been linked to complex disease, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. the rate of mutation is a fundamental genomic parameter and direct estimates of this parameter have been enabled by accurate comparisons of whole-genome sequences between parents and offspring. studies in humans have revealed that the paternal age at conception explains m ... | 2020 | 32461224 |
| a human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of sars-cov-2. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)1-3, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)4, has spread globally. countermeasures are needed to treat and prevent further dissemination of the virus. here we report the isolation of two specific human monoclonal antibodies (termed ca1 and cb6) from a patient convalescing from covid-19. ca1 and cb6 demonstrated potent sars-cov-2-specific neutralization activity in vitro. in addition, cb6 inhibited infection with sa ... | 2020 | 32454512 |
| hiv-1 tat-mediated astrocytic amyloidosis involves the hif-1α/lncrna bace1-as axis. | increased life expectancy of patients diagnosed with hiv in the current era of antiretroviral therapy is unfortunately accompanied with the prevalence of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hands) and risk of comorbidities such as alzheimer-like pathology. hiv-1 transactivator of transcription (tat) protein has been shown to induce the production of toxic neuronal amyloid protein and also enhance neurotoxicity. the contribution of astrocytes in tat-mediated amyloidosis remains an enigma. we ... | 2020 | 32453744 |
| fast and reversible neural inactivation in macaque cortex by optogenetic stimulation of gabaergic neurons. | optogenetic techniques for neural inactivation are valuable for linking neural activity to behavior but they have serious limitations in macaques. to achieve powerful and temporally precise neural inactivation, we used an adeno-associated viral (aav) vector carrying the channelrhodopsin-2 gene under the control of a dlx5/6 enhancer, which restricts expression to gabaergic neurons. we tested this approach in the primary visual cortex, an area where neural inactivation leads to interpretable behav ... | 2020 | 32452766 |
| abnormal tuning in nucleus prepositus hypoglossi of monkeys with "a" pattern exotropia. | in many individuals with pattern strabismus, the vertical misalignment varies with horizontal eye position. it has been proposed that these cross-axis effects result from abnormal cross-talk between brainstem structures that would normally encode horizontal and vertical eye position and velocity. the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (nph) is an ideal structure to test this overarching hypothesis. neurons in the nph are believed to mathematically integrate eye velocity signals to generate a tonic si ... | 2020 | 32446250 |
| organized lymphatic tissue (balt) in lungs of rhesus monkeys after air pollutant exposure. | the presence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (balt) and its size in humans largely depends upon age. it is detected in 35% of children less than 2 years of age, but absent in the healthy adult lung. environmental gases or allergens may have an effect on the number of balt. lungs of rhesus macaque monkeys were screened by histology for the presence, size, and location of balt after exposure to filtered air for 2, 6, 12, or 36 months or 12 and 36 months to ozone or 2, 12, or 36 months of ho ... | 2020 | 32445535 |
| quantification of radiation injury on neutropenia and the link between absolute neutrophil count time course and overall survival in nonhuman primates treated with g-csf. | to model absolute neutrophil count (anc) suppression in response to acute radiation (ar) exposure and evaluate anc time course as a predictor of overall survival (os) in response to ar exposure with or without treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in nonhuman primates. | 2020 | 32440783 |
| long-term alterations in brain and behavior after postnatal zika virus infection in infant macaques. | zika virus (zikv) infection has a profound impact on the fetal nervous system. the postnatal period is also a time of rapid brain growth, and it is important to understand the potential neurobehavioral consequences of zikv infection during infancy. here we show that postnatal zikv infection in a rhesus macaque model resulted in long-term behavioral, motor, and cognitive changes, including increased emotional reactivity, decreased social contact, loss of balance, and deficits in visual recognitio ... | 2020 | 32439858 |
| fecundity of adult female worms were affected when brugia malayi infected mongolian gerbils were immunized with a multivalent vaccine (rbmhaxt) against human lymphatic filarial parasite. | a multivalent recombinant fusion protein prophylactic vaccine, rbmhaxt developed against lymphatic filariasis (lf) demonstrated over 57% protection against challenge infection in rhesus macaque model. currently, we do not know if the rbmhaxt vaccination has any effect on adult worms and/or on the fecundity of adult female worms. thus, the major focus of this study was to determine the effect of rbmhaxt vaccination on brugia malayi infected mongolian gerbils. we performed two sets of experiments. ... | 2020 | 32437645 |
| evaluation of heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies using chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus for tb subunit vaccination in rhesus macaques. | tuberculosis (tb) still is the principal cause of death from infectious disease and improved vaccination strategies are required to reduce the disease burden and break tb transmission. here, we investigated different routes of administration of vectored subunit vaccines based on chimpanzee-derived adenovirus serotype-3 (chad3) for homologous prime-boosting and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) for heterologous boosting with both vaccine vectors expressing the same antigens from mycobacterium ... | 2020 | 32435513 |
| sars-cov-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. | an understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. a key unanswered question is whether infection with sars-cov-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. we developed a rhesus macaque model of sars-cov-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humora ... | 2020 | 32434946 |
| dna vaccine protection against sars-cov-2 in rhesus macaques. | the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has made the development of a vaccine a top biomedical priority. in this study, we developed a series of dna vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers at levels comparable to those fou ... | 2020 | 32434945 |
| imgt® biocuration and comparative study of the t cell receptor beta locus of veterinary species based on homo sapiens trb. | imgt®, the international immunogenetics information system® is the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. by its creation in 1989 by marie-paule lefranc (université de montpellier and cnrs), imgt® marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. imgt® is specialized in the immunoglobulins (ig) or antibodies, t cell receptors (tr), major histocompatibility (mh), and proteins of the igsf and mhsf superfamilies. t c ... | 2020 | 32431713 |
| virological and immunological outcomes in rhesus monkeys after exposure to dengue virus-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | this study describes the natural history of dengue virus (denv) infection in rhesus monkeys exposed to the bites of denv-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. dengue virus-infected mosquitoes were generated by either intrathoracic inoculation or by oral feeding on viremic blood meals. each of the six rhesus monkeys that were fed upon by intrathoracically infected mosquitoes developed non-structural protein 1 (ns1) antigenemia and an igm response; viremia was detected in 4/6 individuals. no virologi ... | 2020 | 32431270 |
| human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli. | the present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. we examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (n = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (n = 69) using eye tracking. all infants viewed concurrently played silent videos-one social video and one nonsocial video. both macaque and human i ... | 2020 | 32424813 |
| persistence dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant neisseria in the pharynx of rhesus macaques. | pharyngeal infections by neisseria gonorrhoeae are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to treat. however, in vivo animal modeling of human pharyngeal infections by pathogenic neisseria species is challenging due to numerous host tropism barriers. we have relied on rhesus macaques to investigate pharyngeal persistence of naturally occurring neisseria species in response to antibiotics. these species include neisseria mucosa, neisseria oralis, and a species unique to macaques. four animals p ... | 2020 | 32423958 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccine against trypanosoma cruzi in rhesus macaques. | chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases in the americas. vaccines represent an attractive complementary strategy for the control of t. cruzi infection and pre-clinical studies in mice demonstrated that trypomastigote surface antigen (tsa-1) and the flagellar calcium-binding (tc24) parasite antigens are promising candidates for vaccine development. we performed here the first evaluation of the safety and immunoge ... | 2020 | 32417142 |
| the evolutionary origins of natural pedagogy: rhesus monkeys show sustained attention following nonsocial cues versus social communicative signals. | the natural pedagogy hypothesis proposes that human infants preferentially attend to communicative signals from others, facilitating rapid cultural learning. in this view, sensitivity to such signals is a uniquely human adaptation and as such nonhuman animals should not produce or utilize these communicative signals. we test these evolutionary predictions by examining sensitivity to communicative cues in 206 rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) using an expectancy looking time task modeled on prior w ... | 2020 | 32412163 |
| delineation and modulation of the natural killer cell transcriptome in rhesus macaques during zikv and siv infections. | natural killer (nk) cells are crucial regulators of antiviral and anti-tumor immune responses. although in humans some nk cell transcriptional programs are relatively well-established, nk cell transcriptional networks in non-human primates (nhp) remain poorly delineated. here we performed rna-seq experiments using purified nk cells from experimentally naïve rhesus macaques, providing the first transcriptional characterization of pure nk cells in any nhp species. this novel nk cell transcriptomic ... | 2020 | 32411625 |
| monkeycbp: a toolbox for connectivity-based parcellation of monkey brain. | non-human primate models are widely used in studying the brain mechanism underlying brain development, cognitive functions, and psychiatric disorders. neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, play an important role in the examinations of brain structure and functions. as an indispensable tool for brain imaging data analysis, brain atlases have been extensively investigated, and a variety of versions constructed. these atlases diverge in the criteria based on which they are pl ... | 2020 | 32410977 |
| maximizing viral detection with siv droplet digital pcr (ddpcr) assays. | highly sensitive detection of hiv-1 nucleic acids is of critical importance for evaluating treatment interventions superimposed on combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) in hiv-1 infected individuals. siv infection of rhesus macaques models many key aspects of human hiv-1 infection and plays a key role in evaluation of approaches for prevention, treatment and attempted eradication of hiv infection. here we describe two droplet digital pcr (ddpcr) assays, a ddpcr dna assay and an rt-ddpcr rna ... | 2020 | 32407343 |
| monkeys (macaca mulatta) learn two-choice discriminations under displaced reinforcement. | to explain animal learning, researchers invoke a dominant associative construct. in contrast, researchers freely acknowledge humans' explicit-declarative learning capacity. here, we stretched animals' learning performance toward the explicit pole of cognition. we tested four macaques (macaca mulatta) in new discrimination-learning paradigms. monkeys learned a series of two-choice discrimination tasks. but immediate reinforcement was denied. instead, reinforcement was lagged-monkeys received feed ... | 2020 | 32406719 |
| strategy use in probabilistic categorization by rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and capuchin monkeys (cebus [sapajus] apella). | probabilistic categorization tasks present the learner with a set of possible responses and imperfect cue evidence of which response will be rewarded. a single, optimal integration of all available cues into an optimal response is possible given any set of evidence. in contrast, there are many possible uses of the cues that offer the learner suboptimal (but better than chance) responding. we presented a classic probabilistic categorization task to 3 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and 13 capuch ... | 2020 | 32406716 |
| therapeutic efficacy and resistance selection of a lipopeptide fusion inhibitor in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | we recently reported a group of lipopeptide-based membrane fusion inhibitors with potent antiviral activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). in this study, the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of such a lipopeptide, lp-52, was evaluated in rhesus macaques chronically infected with pathogenic sivmac239. in a pilot study with one monkey, monotherapy with low-dose lp-52 rapidly reduced the plasma viral loads to below the limit of det ... | 2020 | 32404526 |
| polyethylene glycol 40-modified peptide with high therapeutic efficacy in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-acutely infected rhesus monkeys. | anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-hiv-1) fusion peptides have been studied for nearly 2 decades, but few candidates have found useful clinical applications. one factor underlying the failure of such agents to reach the clinic is their poor pharmacokinetic properties, and many efforts have been made to overcome this problem. in this study, we modified c34, a peptide inhibitor of hiv-1 fusion, at its conserved glycosylation site using polyethylene glycols (pegs) of different molecular ... | 2020 | 32404523 |
| co-immunization of dna and protein in the same anatomical sites induces superior protective immune responses against shiv challenge. | we compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an hiv vaccine comprised of env and gag dna and env (envelope) proteins by co-administration of the vaccine components in the same muscles or by separate administration of dna + protein in contralateral sites in female rhesus macaques. the 6-valent vaccine includes gp145 env dnas, representing six sequentially isolated envs from the hiv-infected individual ch505, and matching gla-se-adjuvanted gp120 env proteins. interestingly, only macaques i ... | 2020 | 32402293 |
| blood transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression features of breast-feeding rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta) infants. | during the breast-feeding period, infants undergo remarkable changes, including rapid physiological and developmental growth. however, little is known about gene expression features and sex-specific gene expression in breast-feeding infants. in this study, we sequenced 32 blood transcriptomes from 16 breast-feeding rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta) infants and their lactating mothers. we identified 218 differentially expressed genes (degs) between infants and mothers, including 91 up-regulated an ... | 2020 | 32400975 |
| respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with sars-cov-2. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by a novel coronavirus (named sars-cov-2) and has a case fatality rate of approximately 2%, started in wuhan (china) in december 20191,2. following an unprecedented global spread3, the world health organization declared covid-19 a pandemic on 11 march 2020. although data on covid-19 in humans are emerging at a steady pace, some aspects of the pathogenesis of sars-cov-2 can be studied in detail only in animal models, in which rep ... | 2020 | 32396922 |
| development of an anti-human complement c6 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the assembly of membrane attack complexes. | membrane attack complexes (macs; c5b-9) assembled after complement activation can directly injure self-tissues, leading to various diseases. eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody (mab) against complement component c5, is being used in the clinic to treat diseases in which mac-mediated tissue damage is a primary cause. however, c5 is not a selective target for mac assembly inhibition, and some patients respond incompletely or not at all to the eculizumab treatment. therefore, c6, the next essential c ... | 2020 | 32396613 |
| an samt-247 microbicide provides potent protection against intravaginal simian immunodeficiency virus infection of rhesus macaques, whereas an added vaccine component elicits mixed outcomes. | because of microbicide noncompliance and lack of a durable, highly effective vaccine, a combined approach might improve hiv prophylaxis. we tested whether a vaccine-microbicide combination would enhance protection against siv infection in rhesus macaques. four macaque groups included vaccine only, vaccine-microbicide, microbicide only, and controls. vaccine groups were primed twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant siv env/rev, gag, and nef recombinants and boosted t ... | 2020 | 32393514 |
| copy number variants and fixed duplications among 198 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the rhesus macaque is an abundant species of old world monkeys and a valuable model organism for biomedical research due to its close phylogenetic relationship to humans. copy number variation is one of the main sources of genomic diversity within and between species and a widely recognized cause of inter-individual differences in disease risk. however, copy number differences among rhesus macaques and between the human and macaque genomes, as well as the relevance of this diversity to research ... | 2020 | 32392208 |
| efficacy of camera traps in detecting primates in hue saola nature reserve. | camera trapping has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in surveying a suite of species, especially elusive mammals in rough terrains. the method has become increasingly common in primate surveys for both ground-dwelling and arboreal taxa in many tropical regions of the world. however, camera trapping has rarely been used to inventory primates in vietnam, although many species are under severe threats and in critical need of surveying for improved conservation measures. in this study, we e ... | 2020 | 32383126 |
| cd24fc protects against viral pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected chinese rhesus monkeys. | 2020 | 32382131 | |
| recurrent circuit dynamics underlie persistent activity in the macaque frontoparietal network. | during delayed oculomotor response tasks, neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (lip) and the frontal eye fields (fef) exhibit persistent activity that reflects the active maintenance of behaviorally relevant information. despite many computational models of the mechanisms of persistent activity, there is a lack of circuit-level data from the primate to inform the theories. to fill this gap, we simultaneously recorded ensembles of neurons in both lip and fef while macaques performed a memory ... | 2020 | 32379044 |
| design of a broadly reactive lyme disease vaccine. | a growing global health concern, lyme disease has become the most common tick-borne disease in the united states and europe. caused by the bacterial spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), this disease can be debilitating if not treated promptly. because diagnosis is challenging, prevention remains a priority; however, a previously licensed vaccine is no longer available to the public. here, we designed a six component vaccine that elicits antibody (ab) responses against all borrelia st ... | 2020 | 32377398 |
| lack of evidence for microbiota in the placental and fetal tissues of rhesus macaques. | the prevailing paradigm in obstetrics has been the sterile womb hypothesis. however, some are asserting that the placenta, intra-amniotic environment, and fetus harbor microbial communities. the objective of this study was to determine whether the fetal and placental tissues of rhesus macaques harbor bacterial communities. fetal, placental, and uterine wall samples were obtained from cesarean deliveries without labor (∼130/166 days gestation). the presence of bacteria in the fetal intestine and ... | 2020 | 32376701 |
| systematic profiling of full-length ig and tcr repertoire diversity in rhesus macaque through long read transcriptome sequencing. | the diversity of ig and tcr repertoires is a focal point of immunological studies. rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) are key for modeling human immune responses, placing critical importance on the accurate annotation and quantification of their ig and tcr repertoires. however, because of incomplete reference resources, the coverage and accuracy of the traditional targeted amplification strategies for profiling rhesus ig and tcr repertoires are largely unknown. in this study, using long read seque ... | 2020 | 32376650 |
| effects of acute and repeated treatment with methocinnamox, a mu opioid receptor antagonist, on fentanyl self-administration in rhesus monkeys. | methocinnamox (mcam), a mu opioid receptor antagonist with a long duration of action, attenuates heroin self-administration in rhesus monkeys, suggesting it could be an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (oud). this study examined effects of acute and repeated mcam administration on self-administration of the high-efficacy mu opioid receptor agonist fentanyl and characterized mcam pharmacokinetics. four rhesus monkeys self-administered i.v. infusions of fentanyl (0.00032 mg/kg/infusion) ... | 2020 | 32375158 |
| quantification of observable behaviors induced by typical and atypical kappa-opioid receptor agonists in male rhesus monkeys. | kappa-opioid receptor (kor) agonists are antinociceptive but have side effects that limit their therapeutic utility. new kor agonists have been developed that are fully efficacious at the kor but may produce fewer or reduced side effects that are typical of kor agonists. | 2020 | 32372348 |
| isolation and detection of zika virus-infected rhesus macaques lymph node cells and splenocytes. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is shed in biological fluids promoting vertical and sexual transmission. recent outbreaks of zikv have been associated with an increase in adult and fetal infection-related diseases. zikv infection in rhesus macaques is considered a robust animal model for studying zika viral infection dynamics and fetal disease. a compelling feature of zikv is its ability to persist for long periods of time in immunocompetent hosts and during pregnancy, ... | 2020 | 32367369 |
| macsnvdb: a high-quality snv database for interspecies genetic divergence investigation among macaques. | macaques are the most widely used non-human primates in biomedical research. the genetic divergence between these animal models is responsible for their phenotypic differences in response to certain diseases. however, the macaque single nucleotide polymorphism resources mainly focused on rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta), which hinders the broad research and biomedical application of other macaques. in order to overcome these limitations, we constructed a database named macsnvdb that focuses on th ... | 2020 | 32367112 |
| wireless recording from unrestrained monkeys reveals motor goal encoding beyond immediate reach in frontoparietal cortex. | system neuroscience of motor cognition regarding the space beyond immediate reach mandates free, yet experimentally controlled movements. we present an experimental environment (reach cage) and a versatile visuo-haptic interaction system (macaque) for investigating goal-directed whole-body movements of unrestrained monkeys. two rhesus monkeys conducted instructed walk-and-reach movements towards targets flexibly positioned in the cage. we tracked 3d multi-joint arm and head movements using marke ... | 2020 | 32364495 |
| does infection of 2019 novel coronavirus cause acute and/or chronic sialadenitis? | 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) is widespread in china and other countries. the target of 2019-ncov and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) positive cells. ace2 is present in the salivary gland duct epithelium, and thus it could be the target of 2019-ncov and sars-cov. sars-cov-related animal model experiments show that it can infect the epithelial cells on the salivary gland duct in chinese rhesus macaques by targeting ace2. clin ... | 2020 | 32361098 |
| sars-cov2 induced respiratory distress: can cannabinoids be added to anti-viral therapies to reduce lung inflammation? | 2020 | 32360437 | |
| pet measurement of cyclooxygenase-2 using a novel radioligand: upregulation in primate neuroinflammation and first-in-human study. | cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), which is rapidly upregulated by inflammation, is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of several inflammatory prostanoids. successful positron emission tomography (pet) radioligand imaging of cox-2 in vivo could be a potentially powerful tool for assessing inflammatory response in the brain and periphery. to date, however, the development of pet radioligands for cox-2 has had limited success. | 2020 | 32359360 |
| attention amplifies neural representations of changes in sensory input at the expense of perceptual accuracy. | attention enhances the neural representations of behaviorally relevant stimuli, typically by a push-pull increase of the neuronal response gain to attended vs. unattended stimuli. this selectively improves perception and consequently behavioral performance. however, to enhance the detectability of stimulus changes, attention might also distort neural representations, compromising accurate stimulus representation. we test this hypothesis by recording neural responses in the visual cortex of rhesu ... | 2020 | 32358494 |
| high-dose mtx110 (soluble panobinostat) safely administered into the fourth ventricle in a nonhuman primate model. | chemotherapy infusions directly into the fourth ventricle may play a role in treating malignant fourth-ventricular tumors. this study tested the safety and pharmacokinetics of short-term and long-term administration of mtx110 (soluble panobinostat; midatech pharma) into the fourth ventricle of nonhuman primates. | 2020 | 32357333 |
| principles of operation of a cerebellar learning circuit. | we provide behavioral evidence using monkey smooth pursuit eye movements for four principles of cerebellar learning. using a circuit-level model of the cerebellum, we link behavioral data to learning's neural implementation. the four principles are: (1) early, fast, acquisition driven by climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar cortex, with poor retention; (2) learned responses of purkinje cells guide transfer of learning from the cerebellar cortex to the deep cerebellar nucleus, with excellent r ... | 2020 | 32352914 |
| restoration of functional sperm production in irradiated pubertal rhesus monkeys by spermatogonial stem cell transplantation. | in male pre-pubertal cancer patients, radiation and chemotherapy impact future fertility by eradication of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). in macaques, spermatogenesis could be regenerated by intratesticular transplantation of sscs, but only a small percentage of spermatozoa produced were of donor origin. transient hormone suppression with a gnrh antagonist (gnrh-ant) enhanced spermatogenic recovery from transplanted sscs. | 2020 | 32351003 |
| whole transcriptome analysis and validation of metabolic pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissues during fgf21-induced weight loss in non-human primates. | fibroblast growth factor 21 (fgf21) induces weight loss in mouse, monkey, and human studies. in mice, fgf21 is thought to cause weight loss by stimulating thermogenesis, but whether fgf21 increases energy expenditure (ee) in primates is unclear. here, we explore the transcriptional response and gene networks active in adipose tissue of rhesus macaques following fgf21-induced weight loss. genes related to thermogenesis responded inconsistently to fgf21 treatment and weight loss. however, expressi ... | 2020 | 32350364 |
| virologic and immunologic features of simian immunodeficiency virus control post-art interruption in rhesus macaques. | antiretroviral therapy (art) cannot eradicate human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and a rapid rebound of virus replication follows analytical treatment interruption (ati) in the vast majority of hiv-infected individuals. sustained control of hiv replication without art has been documented in a subset of individuals, defined as posttreatment controllers (ptcs). the key determinants of post-art viral control remain largely unclear. here, we identified 7 sivmac239-infected rhesus macaques (rms), def ... | 2020 | 32350073 |
| visual feature tuning of superior colliculus neural reafferent responses after fixational microsaccades. | the primate superior colliculus (sc) is causally involved in microsaccade generation. moreover, visually responsive sc neurons across this structure's topographic map, even at peripheral eccentricities much larger than the tiny microsaccade amplitudes, exhibit significant modulations of evoked response sensitivity when stimuli appear perimicrosaccadically. however, during natural viewing, visual stimuli are normally stably present in the environment and are only shifted on the retina by eye move ... | 2020 | 32347160 |
| protective efficacy of inhaled bcg vaccination against ultra-low dose aerosol m. tuberculosis challenge in rhesus macaques. | ten million cases of tuberculosis (tb) were reported in 2018 with a further 1.5 million deaths attributed to the disease. improved vaccination strategies are urgently required to tackle the ongoing global tb epidemic. in the absence of a validated correlate of protection, highly characterised pre-clinical models are required to assess the protective efficacy of new vaccination strategies. in this study, we demonstrate the application of a rhesus macaque ultra-low dose (uld) aerosol m. tuberculos ... | 2020 | 32344890 |
| maternal azithromycin therapy for ureaplasma parvum intraamniotic infection improves fetal hemodynamics in a nonhuman primate model. | ureaplasma parvum infection is a prevalent cause of intrauterine infection associated with preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and adverse postnatal sequelae. elucidation of diagnostic and treatment strategies for infection-associated preterm labor may improve perinatal and long-term outcomes for these cases. | 2020 | 32343954 |
| a year-long extended release nanoformulated cabotegravir prodrug. | long-acting cabotegravir (cab) extends antiretroviral drug administration from daily to monthly. however, dosing volumes, injection site reactions and health-care oversight are obstacles towards a broad usage. the creation of poloxamer-coated hydrophobic and lipophilic cab prodrugs with controlled hydrolysis and tissue penetrance can overcome these obstacles. to such ends, fatty acid ester cab nanocrystal prodrugs with 14, 18 and 22 added carbon chains were encased in biocompatible surfactants n ... | 2020 | 32341511 |
| cell atlas of aqueous humor outflow pathways in eyes of humans and four model species provides insight into glaucoma pathogenesis. | increased intraocular pressure (iop) represents a major risk factor for glaucoma, a prevalent eye disease characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells; lowering iop is the only proven treatment strategy to delay disease progression. the main determinant of iop is the equilibrium between production and drainage of aqueous humor, with compromised drainage generally viewed as the primary contributor to dangerous iop elevations. drainage occurs through two pathways in the anterior segment of the ... | 2020 | 32341164 |
| genetic variants of n-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (nat1 and nat2) in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. | in humans, polymorphic n-acetyltransferases nat1 and nat2 are important enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs. these enzymes exhibit considerable inter-individual variability in humans. the cynomolgus macaque is a nonhuman primate species that is widely used in drug metabolism studies. nat1/2 in these macaques have molecular and enzymatic similarities to their human orthologs; however, genetic polymorphisms in nat1/2 have not been fully investigated in this ... | 2020 | 32339492 |
| intra-striatal aav2.retro administration leads to extensive retrograde transport in the rhesus macaque brain: implications for disease modeling and therapeutic development. | recently, aav2.retro, a new capsid variant capable of efficient retrograde transport in brain, was generated in mice using a directed evolution approach. however, it remains unclear to what degree transport will be recapitulated in the substantially larger and more complex nonhuman primate (nhp) brain. here, we compared the biodistribution of aav2.retro with its parent serotype, aav2, in adult macaques following delivery into the caudate and putamen, brain regions which comprise the striatum. wh ... | 2020 | 32332773 |
| parameters of experimental activity in the study of the cognitive abilities of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas). | we compared experimental activity, behavioral activity in the experiment, of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas). baboons showed higher levels of experimental activity. the contrast in the activity between the species is probably associated with species-specific characteristics of the behavior and different ability to adapt under new conditions. in particular, they may be the result of lower plasticity of rhesus monkeys with respect to experimental conditions. | 2020 | 32328945 |
| age-related rhesus macaque models of covid-19. | since december 2019, an outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-2) in wuhan, china, has become a public health emergency of international concern. the high fatality of aged cases caused by sars-cov-2 was a need to explore the possible age-related phenomena with non-human primate models. | 2020 | 32318665 |
| targeting calcium release-activated calcium channel is not sufficient to prevent rejection in nonhuman primate kidney transplantation. | calcineurin inhibitors successfully control rejection of transplanted organs but also cause nephrotoxicity. this study, using a rhesus monkey renal transplantation model, sought to determine the applicability of a new immunomodulatory drug inhibiting the store-operated calcium release-activated calcium channel of lymphocytes to control transplant rejection without nephrotoxicity. | 2020 | 32317615 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus-infected memory cd4+ t cells infiltrate to the site of infected macrophages in the neuroparenchyma of a chronic macaque model of neurological complications of aids. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected nonhuman primates can serve as a relevant model for aids neuropathogenesis. current siv-induced encephalitis (sive)/neurological complications of aids (neuroaids) models are generally associated with rapid progression to neuroaids, which does not reflect the tempo of neuroaids progression in humans. recently, we isolated a neuropathogenic clone, sivsm804e-cl757 (cl757), obtained from an siv-infected rhesus macaque (rm). cl757 causes a more protracted ... | 2020 | 32317323 |
| vertebral heart score in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): generating normal reference intervals and assessing its validity for identifying cardiac disease. | vertebral heart scoring (vhs) is a semiquantitative method to assess the presence and severity of cardiomegaly by using thoracic radiographs. vhs in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) has not been validated or used routinely in the clinical or research setting. we hypothesized that rhesus macaques with cardiac disease diagnosed by using echocardiography would have higher vhs than animals without cardiac disease. a total of 150 rhesus macaques were enrolled in this study. all animals underwent echo ... | 2020 | 32317049 |
| lyoprotectant optimization for the freeze-drying of receptor-targeted trojan horse liposomes for plasmid dna delivery. | trojan horse liposomes (thls) are a form of ligand-targeted nanomedicine, where a plasmid dna is encapsulated in the interior of a 100-150 nm pegylated liposome, and the tips of a fraction of the surface pegylated strands are covalently linked to a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) via a thio-ether linkage. the goal of this work was to develop a lyophilization methodology that enables retention of the structure and function of the thls following the freeze-drying/hydration process. thl ... | 2020 | 32315188 |
| in utero mri identifies consequences of early-gestation alcohol drinking on fetal brain development in rhesus macaques. | one factor that contributes to the high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd) is binge-like consumption of alcohol before pregnancy awareness. it is known that treatments are more effective with early recognition of fasd. recent advances in retrospective motion correction for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3d) fetal brain mri have led to significant improvements in the quality and resolution of anatomical and diffusion mri of the fetal brain. here, a rhesus macaque model ... | 2020 | 32312804 |
| synthesis and evaluation of nlrp3-inhibitory sulfonylurea [11c]mcc950 in healthy animals. | the diaryl sulfonylurea mcc950/crid3 is a potent nlrp3 inhibitor (ic50 = 8 nm) and, in animal models, mcc950 protects against numerous nlrp3-related neurodegenerative disorders. to evaluate the brain uptake and investigate target engagement of mcc950, we synthesised [11c-urea]mcc950 via carrier added [11c]co2 fixation chemistry (activity yield = 237 mbq; radiochemical purity >99%; molar activity = 7 gbq/µmol; radiochemical yield (decay-corrected from [11c]co2) = 1.1%; synthesis time from end-of- ... | 2020 | 32312583 |
| development of a subhuman primate brain finite element model to investigate brain injury thresholds induced by head rotation. | an anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain fe model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (dai). the material properties used in the monkey model are those in the ghbmc 50th percentile male head model (global human body model consortium). the angular loading simulations consisted of coronal, oblique and sagittal plane rotations with the center of rotation in neck to duplicate exper ... | 2019 | 32311052 |
| behavioral evidence for memory replay of video episodes in the macaque. | humans recall the past by replaying fragments of events temporally. here, we demonstrate a similar effect in macaques. we trained six rhesus monkeys with a temporal-order judgement (toj) task and collected 5000 toj trials. in each trial, the monkeys watched a naturalistic video of about 10 s comprising two across-context clips, and after a 2 s delay, performed toj between two frames from the video. the data are suggestive of a non-linear, time-compressed forward memory replay mechanism in the ma ... | 2020 | 32310083 |
| tnf-signaling modulates neutrophil-mediated immunity at the feto-maternal interface during lps-induced intrauterine inflammation. | accumulation of activated neutrophils at the feto-maternal interface is a defining hallmark of intrauterine inflammation (iui) that might trigger an excessive immune response during pregnancy. mechanisms responsible of this massive neutrophil recruitment are poorly investigated. we have previously showed that intraamniotic injection of lps in rhesus macaques induced a neutrophil predominant inflammatory response similar to that seen in human iui. here, we demonstrate that anti-tnf antibody (adal ... | 2020 | 32308656 |
| cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) inhibitor, pexidartinib. | pexidartinib (plx3397) is a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) inhibitor under clinical evaluation for potential cns tumor treatment. this study aims to evaluate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and estimate cns penetrance of pexidartinib in a non-human primate (nhp) cerebrospinal fluid (csf) reservoir model. | 2020 | 32306101 |
| methods for mechanical delivery of viral vectors into rhesus monkey brain. | modern molecular tools make it possible to manipulate neural activity in a reversible and cell-type specific manner. for rhesus monkey research, molecular tools are generally introduced via viral vectors. new instruments designed specifically for use in monkey research are needed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of vector delivery. | 2020 | 32302596 |
| loss of tetherin antagonism by nef impairs siv replication during acute infection of rhesus macaques. | most simian immunodeficiency viruses use nef to counteract the tetherin proteins of their nonhuman primate hosts. nef also downmodulates cell-surface cd4 and mhc class i (mhc i) molecules and enhances viral infectivity by counteracting serinc5. we previously demonstrated that tetherin antagonism by siv nef is genetically separable from cd4- and mhc i-downmodulation. here we show that disruption of tetherin antagonism by nef impairs virus replication during acute siv infection of rhesus macaques. ... | 2020 | 32302364 |
| dawn of the visible monkey: segmentation of the rhesus monkey for 2d and 3d applications. | to properly utilize the sectioned images in a visible monkey dataset, it is essential to segment the images into distinct structures. this segmentation allows the sectioned images to be compiled into two-dimensional or three-dimensional software packages to facilitate anatomy and radiology education, and allows them to be used in experiments involving electromagnetic radiation. the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the potential of the sectioned images using the segmented images. | 2020 | 32301292 |
| primate homologs of mouse cortico-striatal circuits. | with the increasing necessity of animal models in biomedical research, there is a vital need to harmonise findings across species by establishing similarities and differences in rodent and primate neuroanatomy. using connectivity fingerprint matching, we compared cortico-striatal circuits across humans, non-human primates, and mice using resting-state fmri data in all species. our results suggest that the connectivity patterns for the nucleus accumbens and cortico-striatal motor circuits (poster ... | 2020 | 32298231 |
| searching for object pointers in the visual cortex. | we perceive objects as permanent and stable despite frequent occlusions and eye movements, but their representation in the visual cortex is neither permanent nor stable. feature selective cells respond only as long as objects are visible, and their responses depend on eye position. we explored the hypothesis that the system maintains object pointers that provide permanence and stability. pointers should send facilitatory signals to the feature cells of an object, and these signals should persist ... | 2020 | 32292110 |
| histologic safety of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation and magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging in rhesus macaques and sheep. | neuromodulation by transcranial focused ultrasound (fus) offers the potential to non-invasively treat specific brain regions, with treatment location verified by magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (mr-arfi). | 2020 | 32289711 |
| trio housing of adult male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): methodology and outcome predictors. | this study evaluated the feasibility of trio housing caged adult male rhesus macaques and attempted to identify outcome predictors for trio housing formation and its intermediary introduction steps. | 2020 | 32285485 |
| ctla-4 and pd-1 dual blockade induces siv reactivation without control of rebound after antiretroviral therapy interruption. | the primary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reservoir is composed of resting memory cd4+ t cells, which often express the immune checkpoint receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (pd-1) and cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ctla-4), which limit t cell activation via synergistic mechanisms. using simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected, long-term antiretroviral therapy (art)-treated rhesus macaques, we demonstrate that pd-1, ctla-4 and dual ctla-4/pd-1 immune checkpoint bloc ... | 2020 | 32284611 |
| frequency- and state-dependent network effects of electrical stimulation targeting the ventral tegmental area in macaques. | the ventral tegmental area (vta) is a midbrain structure at the heart of the dopaminergic system underlying adaptive behavior. endogenous firing rates of dopamine cells in the vta vary from fast phasic bursts to slow tonic activity. artificial perturbations of the vta, through electrical or optogenetic stimulation methods, generate different and sometimes even contrasting behavioral outcomes depending on stimulation parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and pulse width. here, we investigate t ... | 2020 | 32279076 |
| a single lentivector dna based immunization contains a late heterologous sivmac251 mucosal challenge infection. | variety of conventional vaccine strategies tested against hiv-1 have failed to induce protection against hiv acquisition or durable control of viremia. therefore, innovative strategies that can induce long lasting protective immunity against hiv chronic infection are needed. recently, we developed an integration-defective hiv lentidna vaccine that undergoes a single cycle of replication in target cells in which most viral antigens are produced. a single immunization with such lentidna induced lo ... | 2020 | 32278522 |
| quantification of viral and host biomarkers in the liver of rhesus macaques: a longitudinal study of zaire ebolavirus strain kikwit (ebov/kik). | zaire ebolavirus (ebov) causes ebola virus disease (evd), which carries a fatality rate between 25% and 90% in humans. liver pathology is a hallmark of terminal evd; however, little is known about temporal disease progression. we used multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in combination with whole slide imaging and image analysis (ia) to quantitatively characterize temporospatial signatures of viral and host factors as related to ebov pathogenesis. eighteen rhesu ... | 2020 | 32275904 |
| the correlation of neuronal signals with behavior at different levels of visual cortex and their relative reliability for behavioral decisions. | behavior can be guided by neuronal activity in visual, auditory, or somatosensory cerebral cortex, depending on task requirements. in contrast to this flexible access of cortical signals, several observations suggest that behaviors depend more on neurons in later areas of visual cortex than those in earlier areas, although neurons in earlier areas would provide more reliable signals for many tasks. we recorded from neurons in different levels of visual cortex of 2 male rhesus monkeys while the a ... | 2020 | 32273483 |
| integrin α4β7 in hiv-1 infection: a critical review. | over the past decade, a series of observations linking α4β7, the principal gut-homing integrin, with various aspects of hiv-1 infection have generated considerable interest in the field of hiv-1 research. after the initial report that the major hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, can bind to α4β7, intensive research efforts have been focused on the role of α4β7 as a key factor in hiv-1 pathogenesis and as a potential target for prevention and treatment. the interaction between α4β7 and its natur ... | 2020 | 32272507 |
| evaluation of the reinforcing strength of phendimetrazine using a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rhesus monkeys. | stimulant abuse is a persistent public health problem with no food and drug administration-approved pharmacotherapy. although monoamine-releasing drugs such as d-amphetamine can decrease cocaine self-administration in human and animal laboratory studies, their potential for abuse limits clinical utility. "abuse-deterrent" formulations of monoamine releasers, such as prodrugs, hold greater clinical promise if their abuse potential is, as theorized, lower than that of cocaine. in these studies, we ... | 2020 | 32269168 |
| genome analysis and replication studies of the african green monkey simian foamy virus serotype 3 strain fv2014. | african green monkey (agm) spumaretroviruses have been less well-studied than other simian foamy viruses (sfvs). we report the biological and genomic characterization of sfvcae_fv2014, which was the first foamy virus isolated from an african green monkey (agm) and was found to be serotype 3. infectivity studies in various cell lines from different species (mouse, dog, rhesus monkey, agm, and human) indicated that like other sfvs, sfvcae_fv2014 had broad species and cell tropism, and in vitro cel ... | 2020 | 32268512 |
| route of inoculation and mosquito vector exposure modulate dengue virus replication kinetics and immune responses in rhesus macaques. | dengue virus (denv) is transmitted by infectious mosquitoes during blood-feeding via saliva containing biologically-active proteins. here, we examined the effect of varying denv infection modality in rhesus macaques in order to improve the denv nonhuman primate (nhp) challenge model. nhps were exposed to denv-1 via subcutaneous or intradermal inoculation of virus only, intradermal inoculation of virus and salivary gland extract, or infectious mosquito feeding. the infectious mosquito feeding gro ... | 2020 | 32267846 |
| does mucosal b1 activation result in the accumulation of peak igm during chronic intrarectal sivmac239 exposure to protect chinese-origin rhesus macaques from disease progression? | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is characterized by a dynamic process and highly variable progression. although extensive comparisons have been reported between the minority of non-progressors (npgs) and the majority of progressors (pgs), the underlying mechanism is still unclear. one reason for this is that the initial onset of infection is very difficult to track, particularly when men who have sex with men (msm) are predominantly responsible for the transmission of human hiv. to ... | 2020 | 32265850 |
| nonhuman primate model of oculocutaneous albinism with tyr and oca2 mutations. | human visual acuity is anatomically determined by the retinal fovea. the ontogenetic development of the fovea can be seriously hindered by oculocutaneous albinism (oca), which is characterized by a disorder of melanin synthesis. although people of all ethnic backgrounds can be affected, no efficient treatments for oca have been developed thus far, due partly to the lack of effective animal models. rhesus macaques are genetically homologous to humans and, most importantly, exhibit structures of t ... | 2020 | 32259106 |
| experimental treatment of siv-infected macaques via autograft of ccr5-disrupted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. | hematopoietic stem cell (hsc)-based gene therapy targeting ccr5 represents a promising way to cure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. yet the preclinical animal model with transplantation of autologous ccr5-ablated hscs remains to be optimized. in this study, four chinese rhesus macaques of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) chronic infection were given long-term antiretroviral therapy (art), during which peripheral cd34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) were ... | 2020 | 32258215 |
| reference values of hematological and biochemical parameters in young-adult cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. | nonhuman primate models are valuable in biomedical research. however, reference data for clinical pathology parameters in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys are limited. in the present study, we established hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for healthy cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. a total of 142 cynomolgus monkeys (28 males and 114 females) and 42 rhesus monkeys (22 males and 20 females) were selected and analyzed in order to examine reference ... | 2019 | 32257895 |
| urinary supar: a non-invasive biomarker of infection and tissue inflammation for use in studies of large free-ranging mammals. | studies of large free-ranging mammals incorporating physiological measurements typically require the collection of urine or faecal samples, due to ethical and practical concerns over trapping or darting animals. however, there is a dearth of validated biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation that can be measured non-invasively. we here evaluate the utility of urinary measurements of the soluble form of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (supar), for use as a health marker in st ... | 2020 | 32257339 |
| long-term delivery of an anti-siv monoclonal antibody with aav. | long-term delivery of anti-hiv monoclonal antibodies using adeno-associated virus (aav) holds promise for the prevention and treatment of hiv infection. we previously reported that after receiving a single administration of aav vector coding for anti-siv antibody 5l7, monkey 84-05 achieved high levels of aav-delivered 5l7 igg1 in vivo which conferred sterile protection against six successive, escalating dose, intravenous challenges with highly infectious, highly pathogenic sivmac239, including a ... | 2020 | 32256496 |
| nanoparticle-based platform for activatable fluorescence imaging and photothermal ablation of endometriosis. | endometriosis is a painful disorder where endometrium-like tissue forms lesions outside of the uterine cavity. intraoperative identification and removal of these lesions are difficult. this study presents a nanoplatform that concurrently delineates and ablates endometriosis tissues using real-time near-infrared (nir) fluorescence and photothermal therapy (ptt). the nanoplatform consists of a dye, silicon naphthalocyanine (sinc), capable of both nir fluorescence imaging and ptt, and a polymeric n ... | 2020 | 32250034 |
| selective attention for affiliative and agonistic interactions of dominants and close affiliates in macaques. | monitoring conspecifics is a crucial process in social learning and a building block of social cognition. selective attention to social stimuli results from interactions of subject and stimulus characteristics with dominance rank often emerging as an important predictor. we extend previous research by providing as stimuli naturally occurring affiliative interactions between group members instead of pictorial or auditory representations of conflicts, and by extending to the affiliative relationsh ... | 2020 | 32249792 |
| treatment with mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles reduces injury-related pathology in pyramidal neurons of monkey perilesional ventral premotor cortex. | functional recovery after cortical injury, such as stroke, is associated with neural circuit reorganization, but the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of therapeutic interventions promoting neural plasticity in primates are not well understood. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (msc-evs), which mediate cell-to-cell inflammatory and trophic signaling, are thought be viable therapeutic targets. we recently showed, in aged female rhesus monkeys, that systemic adminis ... | 2020 | 32241837 |
| obesogenic diet-associated c-reactive protein predicts reduced central dopamine and corticostriatal functional connectivity in female rhesus monkeys. | alterations in dopamine (da) signaling and reductions in functional connectivity (fc; a measure of temporal correlations of activity between different brain regions) within dopaminergic reward pathways are implicated in the etiology of psychopathology and have been associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers, including c-reactive protein. peripheral and central inflammatory cytokines that have been shown to disrupt da signaling and corticostriatal fc are associated with c-re ... | 2020 | 32240763 |
| targeting the oxe receptor as a potential novel therapy for asthma. | 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ete) is an arachidonic acid metabolite formed by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo) product 5s-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5s-hete) by the nadp+-dependent enzyme 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. it is the only 5-lo product with appreciable chemoattractant activity for human eosinophils. its actions are mediated by the selective oxe receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and monocytes. orthologs of ... | 2020 | 32240653 |
| rhesus macaque brain developmental trajectory: a longitudinal analysis using tensor-based structural morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging. | the typical developmental trajectory of brain structure among nonhuman primates (nhps) remains poorly understood. in this study, we characterized the normative trajectory of developmental change among a cohort of rhesus monkeys (n = 28), ranging in age from 2 to 22 months, using structural mri datasets that were longitudinally acquired every 3-4 months. we hypothesized that nhp-specific transient intracranial volume decreases reported during late infancy would be part of the typical developmenta ... | 2020 | 32239147 |
| a durable protective immune response to wild-type measles virus infection of macaques is due to viral replication and spread in lymphoid tissues. | infection with wild-type (wt) measles virus (mev) is an important cause of childhood mortality that leads to lifelong protective immunity in survivors. wt mev and the live-attenuated mev used in the measles vaccine (lamv) are antigenically similar, but the determinants of attenuation are unknown, and protective immunity induced by lamv is less robust than that induced by wt mev. to identify factors that contribute to these differences, we compared virologic and immunologic responses after respir ... | 2020 | 32238577 |