Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| neutralizing capacity of antisera raised in horses and rabbits against crotalus durissus terrificus (south american rattlesnake) venom and its main toxin, crotoxin. | crotalus durissus terrificus (south american rattlesnake) venom possesses myotoxic and neurotoxic activities, both of which are also expressed by crotoxin, the principal toxin of this venom. we have investigated the ability of commercial equine antivenom and antivenoms raised in rabbits against c. d. terrificus venom and crotoxin to neutralize the physiological and morphological changes induced by this venom and crotoxin in electrically-stimulated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (pnd) and extensor digit ... | 1999 | 10414861 |
| toxicity and immunogenicity of crotalus durissus terrificus venom treated with different doses of gamma rays. | crotalus durissus terrificus venom (cdt venom) was irradiated with four different doses of gamma rays (2, 3, 5 and 10 kgy) from a 60co source and their structural, toxic and immunogenic properties were analysed. venom irradiated with 2 and 3 kgy were, respectively, 2.7 and 13.5 times less toxic than the native one, whereas the 5 or 10 kgy irradiated venom were at least 100 times less toxic than nonirradiated venom. irradiated venom with all doses were immunogenic and the antibodies elicited by t ... | 1999 | 10400297 |
| evidence for a regulatory role of cholesterol superlattices in the hydrolytic activity of secretory phospholipase a2 in lipid membranes. | we have conducted a detailed study of the effect of membrane cholesterol content on the initial hydrolytic activity of crotalus durissus terrificus venom phospholipase a2 (spla2) in large unilamellar vesicles of cholesterol/dimyristoyl-l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (dmpc) and cholesterol/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (popc) at 37 degrees c. the activity was monitored by using the acrylodan-labeled intestinal fatty acid binding protein and hplc. in contrast to conventional approa ... | 1999 | 10194297 |
| comparison of the biological activities in venoms from three subspecies of the south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus, c. durissus cascavella and c. durissus collilineatus) | the subspecies of the south american rattlesnake, crotalus durissus are classified according to their external morphological features and geographical distribution. we have determined some biological activities of c. durissus cascavella, c. durissus collilineatus and c. durissus terrificus venoms. c. durissus terrificus had a significantly higher clotting activity on bovine plasma and fibrinogen, human fibrinogen and rabbit plasma. c. durissus cascavella presented a statistically higher phosphol ... | 1999 | 10190029 |
| thermal stability studies of hyperimmune horse antivenoms. | ampoules of horse antivenoms raised against bothrops spp and crotalus durissus (final product) produced by fundação ezequiel dias (funed) were fractionated on the molecular filtration chromatography (superose 12) and the expected mw species of f(ab')2 fragments were observed. it has been known that high temperatures promote aggregation and formation of protein precipitates. phenol is used in preparations of antivenoms as preservative; however, as thus is a hydrophobic substance, it can also indu ... | 1999 | 9920478 |
| differential biodistribution of native and 2 kgy 60co irradiated crotoxin in tissues of cba/j mice. | crotalus durissus envenomation is treated using antivenins produced in horses. during production, animals have problems, sometimes followed by death, due to the high toxicity of the main toxin, crotoxin. several methods tested to detoxify this toxin often resulted in decreased immunogenicity. gamma irradiation has proved to be a successful method for crotoxin detoxification without loss of immunogenicity. we have studied the biodistribution of 2 kgy 60co irradiated crotoxin (ictx) in mouse tissu ... | 1998 | 9851508 |
| south american rattlesnake bite (crotalus durissus sp) without envenoming: insights on diagnosis and treatment. | a south american rattlesnake bite without clinical manifestations of envenoming (termed 'dry-bite') has not been recognized to occur by the brazilian ministry of health, which recommends the administration of antivenom to all bitten patients. during 36 months of an observational study on south american rattlesnake bites in minas gerais, brazil, 12% of 41 patients with fang marks at the bite-site did not present clinical or laboratory features of envenoming and had no plasma venom detected before ... | 1998 | 9839686 |
| a study on the venom yield of venomous snake species from argentina. | a study on the venom yield of snakes from argentina over a three year period was carried out on adult specimens of bothrops alternatus (n = 74); bothrops neuwiedii (n = 127); bothrops ammodytoides (n = 30); bothrops moojeni (n = 14); bothrops jararaca (n = 14); b. jararacussu (n = 6); crotalus durissus terrificus (n = 120) and micrurus spp. (n = 6) as well as with 12 specimens of newborn c. d. terrificus kept in captivity. while for each species there was a positive correlation between venom yie ... | 1998 | 9839679 |
| the analgesic activity of crotamine, a neurotoxin from crotalus durissus terrificus (south american rattlesnake) venom: a biochemical and pharmacological study. | crotamine, a 4.88 kda neurotoxic protein, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from crotalus durissus venom by gel filtration on sephadex g-75. when injected (i.p. or s.c.) in adult male swiss mice (20-25 g), it induced a time-dose dependent analgesic effect which was inhibited by naloxone, thus suggesting an opioid action mechanism. when compared with morphine (4 mg/kg), crotamine, even in extremely low doses (133.4 microg/kg, i.p., about 0.4% of a ld50 is approximately 30-fold more potent ... | 1998 | 9839677 |
| effects of crotalus durissus cascavella venom in the isolated rat kidney. | crotalus durissus cascavella (c.d.c) is a snake usually found in scrubland of brazilian northeast and its bite constitutes an important public health problem. isolated kidneys from wistar rats, weighing 240 to 280 g, were perfused with krebs henseleit solution containing 6 g% of previously dialysed bovine serum albumin. the effects of c.d.c venom were studied on the perfusion pressure (pp), urinary flow (uf), glomerular filtration rate (gfr), percent of sodium tubular transport (%tna+) and perce ... | 1998 | 9723842 |
| a monoclonal antibody directed against the non-toxic subunit of a dimeric phospholipase a2 neurotoxin, crotoxin, neutralizes its toxicity. | crotoxin is the main toxic component of the venom of the south-american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus. it is a phospholipase a2 neurotoxin constituted by the association of two subunits: an acidic, non-toxic and non-enzymatic subunit (ca) and a basic, weakly toxic phospholipase a2 (cb). a murine monoclonal antibody directed to the non-toxic subunit ca, a-56.36, was shown to fully neutralize the toxicity of crotoxin. when the in vitro pharmacological properties of crotoxin were further ... | 1998 | 9705154 |
| [hemorrhagic and edema-forming activity and histologic changes in the mouse footpad induced by venoms from argentinian bothrops and crotalus genuses]. | hemorrhagic, oedema-forming activities and histopathological alterations in the mouse footpad induced by bothrops and crotalus snake venoms from argentina. hemorrhagic and oedema-forming activities of various bothrops and crotalus snake venoms from argentina were studied, together with histological alterations in the mouse footpad. the highest oedema-forming activity was found in the venom of b. jararaca, followed by b. jararacussu, b. neuwiedii diporus, b. alternatus, and crotalus durissus terr ... | 1998 | 9690783 |
| physical and functional association of the src family kinases fyn and lyn with the collagen receptor glycoprotein vi-fc receptor gamma chain complex on human platelets. | we have previously shown that uncharacterized glycoprotein vi (gpvi), which is constitutively associated and coexpressed with fc receptor gamma chain (fcrgamma) in human platelets, is essential for collagen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of fcrgamma, syk, and phospholipase cgamma2 (plcgamma2), leading to platelet activation. here we investigated involvement of the src family in the proximal signals through the gpvi-fcrgamma complex, using the snake venom convulxin from crotalus durissus ter ... | 1998 | 9670039 |
| mitochondrial swelling and oxygen consumption during respiratory state 4 induced by phospholipase a2 isoforms isolated from the south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus) venom. | the non-covalent interaction between two molecular entities namely, phospholipase a2 and crotapotin, results in the main toxin, crotoxin, present in the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus. high performance liquid chromatography has enabled us the isolation of three phospholipase a2 isoforms (f1, f2 and f3), characterized through denaturing and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and also through the n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. the effe ... | 1998 | 9663696 |
| cloning of subunits of convulxin, a collagen-like platelet-aggregating protein from crotalus durissus terrificus venom. | convulxin (cvx) is a potent platelet-aggregating glycoprotein from the venom of the snake crotalus durissus terrificus. it consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, joined by disulphide bridges in a hexameric structure. a cdna library from venom gland was constructed in the vector pt3t7. the cloned cdnas encoding the two chains of cvx were sequenced. both are preceded by an identical 23-amino acid peptide signal sequence and encode sequences of 135 amino acids for the alpha chain and 125 amino a ... | 1998 | 9657980 |
| tourniquet ineffectiveness to reduce the severity of envenoming after crotalus durissus snake bite in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. | clinical and laboratory data from patients who applied a tourniquet (tourniquet group, n = 45) and who did not apply it (non-tourniquet group, n = 52) after being bitten by crotalus durissus were compared. the patients were treated with 100-200 ml of crotalus durissus antivenom. the gender, age, time elapsed between bite and hospital admission, dose of antivenom and the frequency of local paresthesia, myalgia and palpebral ptosis did not differ between the two groups. plasma creatine kinase enzy ... | 1998 | 9655642 |
| irradiation of crotalus durissus terrificus crotoxin with 60co gamma-rays induces its uptake by macrophages through scavenger receptors. | to investigate the action of 2 kgy 60co gamma-rays on crotoxin and its favoured uptake through scavenger receptor (scvr) mouse peritoneal macrophages. | 1998 | 9652814 |
| tension generation and increase in voltage-activated na+ current by crotamine. | we performed the present experiments to study the action of crotamine, a toxin isolated from the venom of the south american rattlesnake, crotalus durissus terrificus, on macroscopic na+ currents in frog skeletal muscle by using the loose patch clamp technique. crotamine at 50 microm increased the peak na+ current by 50% (p < 0.05). in addition, the voltage dependence of inactivation was shifted by +8 mv. other parameters of na+ currents (reversal potential, voltage-dependence of activation and ... | 1998 | 9652331 |
| elisa for the detection of venom antigens in experimental and clinical envenoming by loxosceles intermedia spiders. | enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed to detect antigens from loxosceles intermedia spider venom. hyperimmune horse anti-loxosceles intermedia iggs were prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography and used to set up a sandwich-type elisa. the specificity of the assay was demonstrated by its capacity to correctly discriminate the circulating antigens in mice that were experimentally inoculated with l. intermedia venom from those inoculated with l. gaucho, l. laeta, and phoneutri ... | 1998 | 9643469 |
| stepwise iodination. a general procedure for detoxification of proteins suitable for vaccine development and antiserum production. | by gradual incorporation of stable iodine into toxins and whole venoms it is possible to abolish completely the lesion and lethal properties of the native components. allergen extracts can be turned anallergic. physiological proteins with strong biological activity can also be rendered innocuous. tyrosine and histidine are the reactive groups that incorporate the hapten. within the same batch of protein, there is a defined ratio hapten/protein to achieve the desired modified properties of the de ... | 1998 | 9637746 |
| camp does not inhibit convulxin-induced tyrosyl-phosphorylation of human platelet proteins, including plcgamma2, but completely blocks the integrin alphaiib beta3-dependent dephosphorylation step: comparisons with rgds peptide, cytochalasin d, and phenylarsine oxide. | convulxin (cvx) isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom, induces platelet aggregation, phospholipase c (plc) activation, and tyrosyl-phosphorylation (ptp) of multiple proteins, including plcgamma2 by a mechanism independent of integrin alphaiib beta3. however, ptp induced by cvx is followed by a dephosphorylation step in a platelet aggregation-dependent manner. here we show that increasing intraplatelet content of camp with forskolin is associated with the inhibition of cvx-induced plat ... | 1998 | 9637734 |
| convulxin induces platelet activation by a tyrosine-kinase-dependent pathway and stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, including plc gamma 2, independently of integrin alpha iib beta 3. | 1convulxin (cvx) is a well-characterized platelet aggregating glycoprotein isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus and c. d. cascavella venoms. in the present report we show that cvx induces tyrosine phosphorylation of human platelet proteins, including phospholipase c-gamma 2 (plc gamma 2), and also stimulates [3h]arachidonic acid ([3h]aa) mobilization, pleckstrin phosphorylation, and an increase in the cytosolic ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]in) due to both ca2+ entry and internal ca2+ mobiliza ... | 1998 | 9606958 |
| the antinociceptive effect of crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom is mainly due to a supraspinally integrated response. | the antinociceptive effect of crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, previously demonstrated in the hot-plate test, was investigated in mice using the tail-flick model. the venom, administered by the intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or oral route, did not modify the basal latency time to the noxious stimulus and the association of the venom with morphine did not alter the opioid analgesic effect of this drug. these data indicate that the antinociceptive effect of the venom is mainly due to a sup ... | 1998 | 9604296 |
| bothrops sp. snake venoms: comparison of some biochemical and physicochemical properties and interference in platelet functions. | procoagulant, proteolytic, phospholipase and platelet pro-aggregating and inhibiting activities were screened for pooled venoms of seven bothrops species as well as crotalus durissus terrificus and lachesis muta snakes typical of the brazilian territory. as reported by other authors, we also found that examination of the electrophoretic and gel filtration patterns of bothrops snakes venoms could not be used for identification of the species of a given venom because of the lack of marked interspe ... | 1998 | 9580495 |
| [hemorrhage induced by snake venoms in argentina]. | mice of 18 and 20 g were injected intradermally with 0.1 ml of serial dilution of venom in saline solution 0.9 buffered ph 7.2. groups of 4 animal were formed, they were sacrificed 2 hours after inoculation. skin of every mouse was put out, and the haemorrhagic area was measured bothrops alternatus, bothrops jararaca, bothrops jararacussu and bothrops neuwiedii venoms were used. crotalus durissus terrificus did not show any haemorrhagic activity. | 1997 | 9580123 |
| identification of diphtheria toxin via screening as a potent cell cycle and p53-independent cytotoxin for human prostate cancer therapeutics. | metastatic human prostate cancer requires novel therapeutic strategies in order to overcome its low proliferative rate and its resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. to identify potential cytotoxin gene products for use in experimental therapeutics such as in vivo gene therapy, an in vitro screen was designed. | 1998 | 9496900 |
| a phospholipase a2-related snake venom (from crotalus durissus terrificus) stimulates neuroendocrine and immune functions: determination of different sites of action. | immune neuroendocrine interactions are vital for the individual's survival in certain physiopathological conditions, such as sepsis and tissular injury. it is known that several animal venoms, such as those from different snakes, are potent neurotoxic compounds and that their main component is a specific phospholipase a type 2 (pla2). it has been described recently that the venom from crotalus durissus terrificus [snake venom (sv), in the present study] possesses some cytotoxic effect in differe ... | 1998 | 9449633 |
| detection of calcium-binding proteins in venom and duvernoy's glands of south american snakes and their secretions. | calcium-binding proteins (cabps) have been described as involved in the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms in secretory glands. cabps were revealed with 45ca, after electrophoresis in sds-page and transference to zeta probe membranes, in duvernoy's or venom gland homogenates from three families of south american snakes: viperidae (bothrops jararaca and crotalus durissus terrificus); elapidae (micrurus corallinus), and colubridae (phylodrias patagoniensis and oxyrhopus trigeminus). a band wit ... | 1997 | 9440247 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive 1.9 kb hindiii dna fragment from crotalus durissus terrificus genome. | eukaryote genomes are endowed with varying quantities of repeated dna families. these families show different patterns of conservation among species, copy numbers, chromosomal distribution, and transcription. characterization of repeated dna sequences could help to understand the genome anatomy and organization or be used in molecular systematics and molecular evolution studies. we describe here a repetitive dna sequence of the hindiii family present in the genome of the rattlesnake crotalus dur ... | 1997 | 9417988 |
| adhesion and activation of human platelets induced by convulxin involve glycoprotein vi and integrin alpha2beta1. | we analyzed the interaction of convulxin (cvx), a 72-kda protein isolated from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, with human platelets. cvx is a potent platelet agonist that induces an increase in the intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i), granule exocytosis and aggregation. 125i-labeled cvx binds specifically and rapidly to platelets at binding sites of high and moderate affinity. platelets adhere to immobilized cvx in a time-dependent but cation-independent manner. platelet exocyt ... | 1997 | 9341142 |
| the histamine releasers crotamine, protamine and compound 48/80 activate specific proteases and phospholipases a2. | crotamine, a basic, myonecrotic, histamine-releasing neurotoxin, was isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom. carboxypeptidase a was shown to be activated by crotamine when acting upon n-carbobenzoxyglycil-l-phenylalanine. however the activity of carboxypeptidase b upon the substrate hippuryl-l-arginine was not enhanced by this toxin. teh basic histamine releasers protamine and compound 48/80 also activated carboxypeptidase a. these three agents activated both alpha-chymotrypsin when ac ... | 1997 | 9305535 |
| convulxin, a potent platelet-aggregating protein from crotalus durissus terrificus venom, specifically binds to platelets. | convulxin, a very potent aggregating protein from rattlesnake venom, was purified by a new procedure and its heterodimeric structure alpha 3 beta 3 was confirmed. the polypeptide n-terminal sequences of convulxin subunits were determined by edman degradation. they are very similar and appear homologous to botrocetin from bothrops jararaca venom and to rattlesnake lectin from crotalus atrox venom, both being classified among the c-type lectin family. the binding of 125i-labelled convulxin to bloo ... | 1997 | 9278971 |
| biologically active human anti-crotoxin scfv isolated from a semi-synthetic phage library. | the display of repertoires of antibody fragments on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages offers a new way of making antibodies with predefined binding specificities. | 1997 | 9237096 |
| single-step purification of crotapotin and crotactine from crotalus durissus terrificus venom using preparative isoelectric focusing. | we describe the isolation of crotoxin, a presynaptic b-neurotoxin, as well as its subunits b (crotactine) and a (crotapotin) from lyophilized crotalus durissus terrificus venom by a single-step preparative isoelectric focusing procedure. from 98 mg of dried venom protein 20.1 mg of crotactine and 13.1 mg of crotapotin were recovered in the first step of focalization and 4.2 mg in a second run. these values correspond to 35.7% of the total venom protein applied. crotactine separated in the 9.3-7. ... | 1997 | 9222399 |
| time factor in the detection of circulating whole venom and crotoxin and efficacy of antivenom therapy in patients envenomed by crotalus durissus. | thirty-seven patients envenomed by crotalus durissus were classified into three groups according to the interval between the bite and hospital admission (delta t): group 1 (n = 14, delta t < 4 hr), group 2 (n = 14, delta t > 4 hr < 8 hr) and group 3 (n = 9, delta t > 8 hr). venous blood from these patients was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and for whole venom, crotoxin and antivenom enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before antivenom treatment (t0) and at 1 hr (t1), 6 hr (t6 ... | 1997 | 9203294 |
| platelet activation and signal transduction by convulxin, a c-type lectin from crotalus durissus terrificus (tropical rattlesnake) venom via the p62/gpvi collagen receptor. | convulxin, a powerful platelet activator, was isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom, and 20 amino acid n-terminal sequences of both subunits were determined. these indicated that convulxin belongs to the heterodimeric c-type lectin family. neither antibodies against gpib nor echicetin had any effect on convulxin-induced platelet aggregation showing that, in contrast to other venom c-type lectins acting on platelets, gpib is not involved in convulxin-induced platelet activation. in add ... | 1997 | 9153205 |
| effect of crotalus venom on the humoral and cellular immune response. | the effect of venom of south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus (cdt) on the humoral and cellular immune response was studied in balb/c mice that were immunized with soluble antigens [human serum albumin (hsa) or chicken ovoalbumin (ova)] or sensitized to dnfb 1 hr after venom injection. pretreatment of the animals with cdt venom induced a significant reduction in the level of anti-ova and anti-hsa igg antibodies. the effect of crotoxin, a major neurotoxic component of cdt venom, ... | 1997 | 9133715 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that discriminates between the venoms of brazilian bothrops species and crotalus durissus. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed to detect specific antigens from bothrops sp. and crotalus durissus snake venoms in brazil. cross-reactive immunoglobulins from hyperimmune horse anti-bothrops and anti-crotalus sera were removed by immunoaffinity chromatography. specific iggs for bothrops sp. and c. durissus venom antigens were prepared and used to set up a sandwich-type elisa. the specificity of the assay was demonstrated by its capacity to identify correctly the circu ... | 1997 | 9080582 |
| neurotoxic phospholipases a2 ammodytoxin and crotoxin bind to distinct high-affinity protein acceptors in torpedo marmorata electric organ. | we studied the binding of radioiodinated ammodytoxin c, a monomeric phospholipase a2 neurotoxin from vipera ammodytes, and of radioiodinated crotoxin, a dimeric phospholipase a2 neurotoxin from crotalus durissus terrificus, to presynaptic membranes from the electric organ of torpedo marmorata. in both cases, two different families of specific binding sites were identified and characterized. the high-affinity binding sites for both toxins have been shown to be proteins. the low-affinity binding s ... | 1997 | 9062105 |
| crotoxin-induced behavioral effects in rats. | crotoxin is the major component of crotalus durissus terrificus venom. in view of the presence of high-affinity specific binding sites for crotoxin in the brain, the objective of this work was to investigate whether crotoxin induces behavioral effects in the open-field and hole-board tests. adult male wistar rats (180-220 g) treated with crotoxin, 100, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg, ip, administered 2 h before the test, presented statistically significant behavioral alterations (anova for one-way cl ... | 1996 | 9033813 |
| isolation, characterization and crystallization of a phospholipase a2 myotoxin from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis viridis). | a myotoxin with phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity was isolated from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis viridis, cvv) by cation-exchange chromatography. the toxin contains 123 amino acids and has an estimated mol. wt of 14,000. it is basic, with a pi above 9. comparison of the n-terminal 33 residues of this myotoxin with other pla2 proteins from snake venoms showed that cvv myotoxin has highest homology (91%) to one isoform of the b component of crotoxin from crotalus durissus ... | 1997 | 9028014 |
| encapsulation of native crotoxin in liposomes: a safe approach for the production of antivenom and vaccination against crotalus durissus terrificus venom. | crotoxin, the neurotoxic component of crotalus durissus terrificus (cdt) venom that displays phospholipase a2 activity, was successfully encapsulated into dehydration-rehydration vesicles (drv/crotoxin) and reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (rev/crotoxin) made from sphingomyelin and cholesterol. the encapsulation efficiency of native crotoxin was higher in drv/crotoxin than in rev/crotoxin. drv/crotoxin was not toxic when i.v. inoculated in mice at a dose of crotoxin as high as 91 times its l.d ... | 1997 | 9028012 |
| clinical and laboratory alterations in horses during immunization with snake venoms for the production of polyvalent (crotalinae) antivenom. | six horses were immunized with the venoms of bothrops asper, crotalus durissus durissus and lachesis muta stenophrys for the production of polyvalent (crotalinae) antivenom. during the immunization, clinical and laboratory alterations were evaluated in these animals, and the development of humoral immune response was followed. only moderate local tissue changes (edema, abscesses, fistules and fibrosis) were observed in these animals, whereas no systemic alterations occurred. regarding laboratory ... | 1997 | 9028011 |
| characterization of paramyxoviruses isolated from three snakes. | multiple epizootics of pneumonia in captive snakes have been attributed to viruses which have been tentatively placed in the family paramyxoviridae. viruses isolated from an ill neotropical rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus), from an aruba island rattlesnake (crotalus unicolor), and from a bush viper (atheris sp.) were propagated in vero cells and characterized. viral particles produced in vero cells were pleomorphic, enveloped, and contained helical nucleocapsids. the viruses were sensi ... | 1996 | 8822636 |
| native peptide inhibition. specific inhibition of type ii phospholipases a2 by synthetic peptides derived from the primary sequence. | the binding of low molecular weight type ii phospholipase a2 (ec) to membrane surfaces and hydrolysis of phospholipid are thought to involve the formation of a hydrophobic channel into which a single substrate molecule diffuses before cleavage. the floor and right side of the channel are provided by hydrophobic residues 2, 5, and 9 of an amphipathic amino-terminal helix. the channel is postulated to form via a conformational change in this helix and inward movement of a hydrophobic flap (residue ... | 1996 | 8798633 |
| [neuromuscular action of crotalid venoms: preliminary data]. | we studied 6 patients and 2 dogs that have been bitten by south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus and one rabbit inoculated with crotalid venom. we analyzed sensory and motor peripheral nerve conduction, repetitive stimulation for studying neuromuscular transmission and electromyographies. muscle biopsies were processed by histochemistry. all patients had peripheral mononeuropathy of the closest sensitive nerve to the area of snakebite. the neuromuscular transmission alterations ... | 1996 | 8736137 |
| determination of the neutralizing potency of horse antivenom against bothropic and crotalic venoms by indirect enzyme immunoassay. | the use of elisa to determine antisnake venom potency of horse immune sera should provide benefits of costs and reproducibility compared to in vivo assays. in the present investigation we evaluated the correlation between elisa antibody levels and in vivo neutralization assays. for the indirect elisa method, 0.016 micrograms/well of bothrops jararaca or crotalus durissus terrificus venom were used to coat the plates and 100 microliters/well of each sample of antibothropic or anticrotalic venom s ... | 1995 | 8634680 |
| regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity by crotoxin, a snake venom phospholipase a2 toxin. a novel growth inhibitory mechanism. | crotoxin (ct), a phospholipase a2 (pla2) derived from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, is a heterodimeric protein composed of subunit b with enzymatic activity and a binding regulatory subunit (a) without enzyme activity. although the pla2 activity of ct may be important in its anti-proliferative activity, its cytostatic mechanism is unknown. in this study, we examined the cytostatic effect of pla2-associated ct activity on squamous carcinoma cells expressing distinct levels of epiderm ... | 1996 | 8630095 |
| neutralization of the effect of crotalus durissus terrificus venom by gangliosides. | we determined the ability of a mixture of gangliosides (16% gd1b, 19% gt1b, 21% gm1, 40% gd1a) to neutralize the effect of crotalus durissus terrificus (cdt) venom in vitro and in vivo. protection was indicated by the absence of muscular contractions, hind limb paralysis or death of balb/c mice (16-18 g) after receiving cdt venom (1 microgram cdt venom containing 0.6 microgram protein) at the doses indicated. a dose of cdt venom above 0.9 microgram (ip) or 1 microgram (im) induced muscular contr ... | 1995 | 8555975 |
| detoxified venom from crotalus durissus terrificus is devoid of cytotoxic activity and induces mitogenesis. | the venom from the snake crotalus durissus terrificus was detoxified by stepwise incorporation of stable cationic iodine. the venoid, in a dosage equivalent to 100 ld50 of the lethal venom, was injected in mice without lethal exits. the native venom (nat), or its toxoided (txd) derivative were incubated in presence or absence of mitogens, with human mononuclear (mn), b and t cells, with a pulse of [3h]thymidine. no synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed in the combined activity of the ... | 1995 | 8537613 |
| immunological studies on bah1 and bap1, two hemorrhagic metalloproteinases from the venom of the snake bothrops asper. | no immunological cross-reactivity was observed between bah1 and bap1, two hemorrhagic metalloproteinases isolated from b. asper venom, by gel immunodiffusion, western blotting and neutralization studies. cross-reactivity was detected with antisera against these toxins in several crotaline and viperine snake venoms by elisa, whereas no reactivity was observed with either antiserum against the venoms of bothrops nummifer, crotalus durissus terrificus, vipera russelli and several elapid venoms. ant ... | 1995 | 8533144 |
| comparison of crotoxin isoforms reveals that stability of the complex plays a major role in its pharmacological action. | crotoxin from the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus is a potent neurotoxin consisting of a weakly toxic phospholipase-a2 subunit (cb) and a non-enzymic, non-toxic subunit (ca). crotoxin complex (cacb) dissociates upon interaction with membranes: cb binds while ca does not. moreover, ca enhances the toxicity of cb by preventing its non-specific adsorption. several crotoxin isoforms have been identified. multiple variants of each subunit give different crotoxin c ... | 1993 | 8513799 |
| induction of tolerance to crotoxin in mice. | crotoxin, the major toxic component from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus is a potent neurotoxin (ld50, i.p., mice, 0.09 mg/kg) which possesses phospholipase a2 activity and causes a blockade of neuromuscular transmission. in this article, we show that mice injected daily with progressively increasing doses of crotoxin develop tolerance to the lethal action of this toxin. treated mice tolerated daily doses of crotoxin 20- to 35-fold higher than the original ld50 without the characterist ... | 1993 | 8474024 |
| saxs study of crotapotin at low ph. | the structure of crotapotin, a protein extracted, from the venom of the crotalus durissus terrificus, in solution at ph = 1.5, was studied by saxs. the experimental results yield structural parameter values of the molecular radius of gyration rg = 13.6 a, volume v = 16.2 x 10(3) a3 a3 and maximal dimension dmax = 46 a. the distance distribution function deduced from the scattering measurements is consistent with an overall molecular shape of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution with asymmetry param ... | 1993 | 8457680 |
| cytotoxicity of crotoxin on murine erythroleukemia cells in vitro. | the cytotoxic effect of crotoxin, a heterodimeric phospholipase a2 from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, was examined on murine erythroleukemia cells in vitro. crotoxin cytocidal effect on cell growth had an ec50 of approximately 0.1-0.2 microm (3.0-5.0 micrograms/ml) in serum-free medium. cytotoxicity was independent of cell growth since both quiescent and proliferating cells had similar sensitivities to the toxin. dissociation of the crotoxin complex and phospholipase a2 activity of ... | 1993 | 8349431 |
| [characterization of the biological activities of the 'yellow' and 'white' venoms from crotalus durissus ruruima compared with the crotalus durissus terrificus venom. neutralizing activity of crotalus durissus ruruima antivenins]. | the biological activities of 'yellow' and 'white' venom of a rattlesnake crotalus durissus ruruima hoge, 1965, found in the savanna-like vegetation (cerrado) of northern brazil (roraima) and venezuela have been studied, and compared to the reference crotalus durissus terrificus venom. the lethal activity of venoms depended on the inoculation route. the most toxic venom was the white one. the venoms of c. d. terrificus and the yellow of c. d. ruruima had similar lethalities. the yellow venom of c ... | 1993 | 8310446 |
| analgesic effect evoked by low molecular weight substances extracted from crotalus durissus terrificus venom. | crude venom obtained from crotalus durissus terrificus (cdt) was tested for its possible analgesic effect in mice. subcutaneous (s.c.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral (p.o.) administration of the venom caused an antinociceptive effect in mice as measured by the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the hot plate test. the antinociceptive activity was dose and time dependent and persisted after neutralization of the venom with a specific antivenin. it was demonstrated that the factor(s) has an ... | 1993 | 8303720 |
| [evaluation in mice of the efficacy of antivenins administered at the site of the intramuscular inoculation of the crotalus durissus terrificus venom]. | the efficacy of the crotalus durissus terrificus antivenom administration by intramuscular (im) injection at the same place of the im inoculation, of the c. d. terrificus venom was evaluated in mice. in three experiments two dl50 of the venom were inoculated and the antivenom was administered in three different ways: half of the ed50 by intraperitoneal (ip) administration and half by injection, at the same place, immediately after the venom inoculation and thirty minutes after the im venom inocu ... | 1993 | 8278742 |
| oedema formation and degranulation of mast cells by phospholipase a2 purified from porcine pancreas and snake venoms. | phospholipase a2 is ubiquitous in nature, with the highest concentrations occurring in pancreatic juice and in the venom of snakes. local oedema formation is a common feature of the effects caused by snakebite, and indicates an increase in vascular permeability that could be produced by lipid mediators such as lysophospholipids, eicosanoids or paf release by the enzymatic activity of pla2. desalted porcine pancreatic pla2 exhibited strong oedema-inducing activity in a similar form to pla2 venom ... | 1993 | 8212047 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity and antigenic composition of ten central american snake venoms. | the immunological reactivity of five crotaline antivenoms for the venoms of ten costa rican snakes was determined. venoms from bothrops asper, b. godmani, b. lateralis, b. nasutus, b. ophryomegas, b. schlegelii, b. nummifer, b. picadoi, crotalus durissus durissus and lachesis muta stenophrys were separated by sds-page, transferred to cellulose nitrate membrane and reacted against five different antivenoms. antisera used in the immunoblotting were prepared in rabbits to the crotaline venoms from ... | 1993 | 8212043 |
| a phospholipase a2 inhibitor from the plasma of the south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus). protein structure, genomic structure, and mechanism of action. | the lethal toxicity of the south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus) venom can be attributed mainly to the presence of a pre-synaptic neurotoxin, crotoxin, with phospholipase a2 activity. crotoxin is a heterodimer of an acidic protein (ca) and a basic phospholipase a2 (cb). an anti-toxic protein of subunit molecular mass 23.6 kda that neutralizes both lethal and pla2 activity of crotalid venom and crotoxin has been previously purified from the plasma of this snake (fortes-dias, c ... | 1994 | 8195214 |
| cysteine-specific adp-ribosylation of actin. | incubation of lysate from human polymorphonucleated neutrophils and human platelets with [32p]nad resulted in the labeling of a 42-kda protein. phosphodiesterase (crotalus durissus) released 5'-amp from the radiolabeled protein. the 42-kda protein was identified as actin by binding to dnase-i, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and partial proteolysis. the rate of adp-ribosylation was greater with [32p]adp-ribose than with [32p]nad, indicating a non-enzymic modification. adp-ribose also modifie ... | 1994 | 8181461 |
| crotoxin induces aggregation of human washed platelets. | crotoxin, the main toxic component isolated from the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus, is a reversible protein complex composed of a non-toxic non-enzymatic acidic polypeptide (crotapotin) and a toxic basic phospholipase a2 (pla2). in this study, we have evaluated the ability of crotoxin to induced aggregation in human washed platelets. human washed platelet aggregation was monitored in a payton aggregometer and thromboxane b2 (txb2) release measured by direct ... | 1994 | 8153961 |
| a comparison of ovine and equine antivenoms. | commercial antivenoms produced in horses were compared with monospecific antivenoms raised in sheep against crotalus durissus terrificus, crotalus atrox, crotalus adamanteus, micrurus fulvius fulvius, naja naja, naja kaouthia, echis ocellatus, vipera lebetina deserti, vipera berus berus and vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom. antibodies raised by immunizing sheep with c. d. terrificus venom were more effective than their equine counterparts in preventing lethal toxicity in mice (ed50), in inhibiti ... | 1994 | 8052997 |
| the origin of the diversity of crotoxin isoforms in the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus. | crotoxin, the main toxin from the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus, is a beta-neurotoxin which consists of the non-covalent association of two subunits: a phospholipase a2 subunit b (cb), and a non-enzymic subunit a (ca). we have previously purified and characterized several isoforms of each subunit of crotoxin in the venom collected from numerous snakes. furthermore, three cdnas encoding two cb isoforms and the precursor, pro-ca, of subunit a have been isolat ... | 1994 | 8033889 |
| molecular structure and mechanism of action of the crotoxin inhibitor from crotalus durissus terrificus serum. | an antivenom protein has been identified in the blood of the snake crotalus durissus terrificus and proved to act by specifically neutralizing crotoxin, the main lethal component of rattlesnake venoms. the aim of this study was to purify the crotoxin inhibitor from crotalus serum (cics), and to analyze its mechanism of action. cics has been purified from blood serum of the crotalus snake by gel filtration on sephadex g-200, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sephacel, and fplc gel filtration on ... | 1995 | 7851385 |
| elisa for the detection of toxic antigens in experimental and clinical envenoming by tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. | an elisa was developed for identification of circulating toxic antigens from tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. the toxic fraction from the scorpion venom was purified by sephadex g-50 chromatography and immunoaffinity techniques were used for identifying antibodies that reacted with this fraction. these antibodies were used to develop a sandwich-type elisa. the specificity of the assay was demonstrated by its capacity for identifying mice that were experimentally inoculated with t. serrulatus ve ... | 1994 | 7725332 |
| effect of saponin from quillaja saponaria (molina) on antibody, tumour necrosis factor and interferon-gamma production. | saponin has been described to contain adjuvant activity in vaccination protocols, in protection against disease, and on humoral immune response. in this paper we describe the effect of a pure saponin from quillaja saponaria (molina) on the immune response elicited in mice by two antigens, bsa and crotalus durissus terrificus (south american rattlesnake) venom. antibody production as measured by elisa shows that saponin was able to increase antibody synthesis to both antigens. moreover, mice immu ... | 1995 | 7576254 |
| ammodytoxin a acceptor in bovine brain synaptic membranes. | ammodytoxin a, the presynaptic neurotoxin from vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom, was found to bind specifically and with high affinity to bovine cortex synaptic membrane preparation. the detected ammodytoxin a high-affinity binding was characterized by equilibrium binding analysis which revealed a single high-affinity binding site with kd 4.13 nm and bmax 6.67 pmoles/mg of membrane protein. 125i-ammodytoxin a was covalently cross-linked to its neuronal acceptor using a chemical cross-linking tec ... | 1995 | 7570629 |
| liver dysfunction in patients bitten by crotalus durissus terrificus (laurenti, 1768) snakes in botucatu (state of são paulo, brazil). | thirty-two patients bitten by venomous snakes sixteen by bothrops spp. and sixteen by crotalus durissus terrificus were studied. the group comprised thirty males and two females, aged eight to sixty-three years (mean 33 +/- 15). bromsulphalein tests were increased in the majority of patients bitten by crotalus durissus terrificus. the correlation coefficient of spearman was positive between bromsulphalein tests and alanine aminotransferase levels, and between alanine aminotransferase and asparta ... | 1995 | 7569642 |
| continuous measurement of phospholipase a2 activity using the fluorescent probe adifab. | a new method is described for the continuous quantitation of phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity with greatly improved sensitivity compared to existing techniques. the method utilizes a fluorescent probe to detect the release of fatty acid monomers (free fatty acids) into the aqueous phase. the fluorescent probe adifab, which is the acrylodan derivative of rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein, exhibits a change in the ratio of its fluorescence upon binding medium- to long-chain native fatty ac ... | 1995 | 7485980 |
| simultaneous and successive discriminations between envenomated and nonenvenomated mice by rattlesnakes (crotalus durissus and c. viridis). | 1980 | 7447853 | |
| afibrinogenemia following snake bite (crotalus durissus terrificus). | following the bite of crotalus durissus terrificus, an 11-year-old boy developed afibrinogenemia and high output acute renal failure. his platelet count remained within normal limits. he was treated with epsilon aminocaproic acid and whole fresh blood transfusion, with full recovery from afibrinogenemia 40 hours after the beginning of these measures and 75 hours after the snake bite. no hemorrhagic disturbances were present. the acute renal failure was treated conservatively, and the patient rec ... | 1980 | 7446831 |
| purification of gyroxin from a south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus) venom. | 1980 | 7394813 | |
| convulxin, a new toxin from the venom of the south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus. | 1981 | 7336450 | |
| accessibility of the active site of crotoxin b in the crotoxin complex. | basic phospholipases a and the crotoxin complex isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom exhibited similar initial reaction rates, time course and degree of hydrolysis of synthetic short chain lecithins in the monomeric state. although monomeric lecithins seem to promote dissociation of crotoxin up to a certain extent, this cannot explain the high activity observed with the complex. the crotoxin complex is able to bind the non-hydrolyzable analog d-diheptanoyllecithin, as demonstrated by ... | 1982 | 7179290 |
| titration of antiserum to south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus) venom by measuring inhibition of phospholipase a2 activity. | horse antiserum to the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, a south american rattlesnake, inhibits the phospholipase activity of the crude venom. there is a close relationship between this inhibitory property and the neutralizing potency of the antiserum in vivo. this may provide the basis for a rigorous standardization of anticrotalid venom in vitro. | 1982 | 7101307 |
| purification and preliminary structure of a potent platelet aggregating glycoprotein isolated from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella. | a very potent platelet-aggregating glycoprotein, convulxin, was purified from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella by gel filtration on sephadex g75 and by adsorption to sepharose 4b gel. the apparent molecular weights of the native protein were 78400 and 60000 daltons determined by sds electrophoresis and by gel filtration under denaturating conditions, respectively. under the same conditions, the apparent molecular weights of the reduced protein were 13000 and 12000 respectively. these di ... | 1982 | 7080041 |
| platelet activation by non-coagulant snake venom components. | platelet activation by non-coagulant components of snake venoms is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the effects of convulxin. the latter is present in the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella, and induces adp and thromboxane - independent platelet aggregation. convulxin and similar proteins are tools for the study of platelet functions. | 1982 | 7080040 |
| synergism of the two subunits of crotoxin. | crotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus, is composed of an acidic subunit which is non-toxic and enzymatically inactive and a basic subunit which possesses a phospholipase activity and low toxicity. it is shown that crotoxin very efficiently blocks the cholinergic post-synaptic response of the isolated electroplaque from electrophorus electricus and of cellular microsacs fromtorpedo marmorata. this post-synpatic effects was investigated by studying the bindin ... | 1982 | 7080026 |
| activation of guinea-pig platelets induced by convulxin, a substance extracted from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella. | convulxin (cx), a component of the venom of the snake crotalus durissus cascavella, induced the concentration-dependent aggregation of guinea-pig platelets when used at and above 50 +/- 5 ng/ml, accompanied by the release of atp and by the formation of thromboxanes (tx). platelet activation by cx was not due to potential contaminants found in the crude snake venom, such as phospholipase a2 and clotting enzymes. aspirin (50-100 microm) failed to interfere with the platelet effects of cx, demonstr ... | 1980 | 7009169 |
| [resistance of crotalus durissus terrificus and bothrops neuwiedii to the neurotoxicity of massive quantities of crotalid venom]. | the antitoxic potency of crude crotalus durissus terrificus serum against crotalic venom is similar to that of a standard horse anticrotalic serum in protecting mice against 4 ld50, while the potency of bothrops neuwiedii serum is 20% of the latter. failure to form precipitin lines in immunodiffusion tests suggests that the antitoxic factors present in the sera from both species are not immunoglobulins. it is, therefore, probable that crotoxin is not neutralized by an antigen-antibody reaction, ... | 1982 | 6820610 |
| specificity of antibodies to the reconstituted crotoxin complex, from the venom of south american rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and double immunodiffusion. | 1981 | 6784278 | |
| the venom from the snakes agkistrodon bilineatus taylori and crotalus durissus totonacus: lethality, biochemical and immunological properties. | 1980 | 6771890 | |
| subunit structure of a potent platelet-activating glycoprotein isolated from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella. | the potent platelet-activating factor isolated from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella is an acid-soluble multisubunit glycoprotein of mr 72,000 built up of two types of subunits, alpha and beta, linked by disulphide bonds. the mean apparent mr of the reduced complex was around 12,000 by gel filtration under denaturating conditions. the mrs of the alpha and beta subunits, with an apparent ratio of 1/1, were 12,600 and 13,580 by sds-page respectively. the mr 72,000 glycoprotein is thought ... | 1983 | 6673741 |
| the mechanism of inhibition of phospholipase activity of crotoxin b by crotoxin a. | in the crotoxin complex isolated from crotalus durissus terrificus venom, the component a inhibits the phospholipase a2 activity of crotoxin b only when the substrate is in the aggregated form, preventing the interaction of the enzyme with lecithin--water interfaces. in contrast, with similar rates of hydrolysis of dihexanoyllecithin monomers, the activity of the crotoxin complex is lower than that of crotoxin b when the substrate is aggregated into micelles. crotoxin b readily hydrolyses dimyri ... | 1983 | 6648983 |
| convulxin-induced activation of intact and of thrombin-degranulated rabbit platelets: specific crossed desensitisation with collagen. | the aggregation of plasma-free rabbit platelets induced by convulxin (cx), a glycoprotein extracted from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella was accompanied by the secretion of atp and by the formation of thromboxane a2 (txa2) and of 'platelet-activating factor' (paf-acether). thrombin-induced exhaustion of the pool of releasable adp, or inactivation of cyclooxygenase with aspirin or with arachidonic acid failed to suppress cx-induced activation. electron microscopy studies showed that pla ... | 1983 | 6628537 |
| i--isolation and electron microscope studies of a potent platelet-aggregating glycoprotein from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella. | a potent acid-soluble platelet-aggregating glycoprotein was purified from the venom of crotalus durissus cascavella by molecular sieve chromatography on sephadex g-75 and by adsorption onto sepharose 4b gels at acidic ph. this new protein with an apparent mr of 300,000 at acidic ph and containing a low amount of sugars is non-toxic for mice. electron microscope studies showed that the platelet-aggregating glycoprotein appeared as regular rosettes of 150 a in diameter at acidic ph and underwent p ... | 1983 | 6626587 |
| detection of common antigenic sites in lethal proteins of non-related animal venoms. | monoclonal antibodies neutralizing specific coelenterate lethal toxins were used to determine the presence of homologous antigenic sites on toxin proteins of a rattlesnake (crotalus durissus terrificus), a hornet (vespa orientalis) and the sea wasp (chironex fleckeri). an anti-portuguese man-o'war toxin antibody was found useful for isolating a c. d. terrificus toxin. | 1983 | 6623490 |
| local necrotizing effect of snake venoms on skin and muscle: relationship to serum creatine kinase. | twenty-five snake venoms were tested for their ability to induce an increase of serum creatine kinase (ck) level after i.m. injection (0.125-1.0 mg/kg) into rates. of six australian elapid venoms only those from pseudechis colletti guttatus and p. australis produced a steep rise of ck-activity (30-70 times the normal value) 4 and 16 hr after injection (0.5 mg/kg). viperid and crotalid venoms had only slight effects (2-5 times the normal value) even in doses of 1.0 mg/kg except for a sample of cr ... | 1983 | 6623487 |
| [comparative study of venoms of newborn and adult rattlesnakes (crotalus durissus durissus)]. | venoms from adult and newborn central american rattlesnakes (crotalus durissus durissus) were compared for lethal, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myonecrotic, edematigenous and in vitro hemolytic activities. electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic patterns showed some differences between these venoms. venom from newborn snakes was devoid of hemorrhagic and edematigenous activities, whereas the venom from adult specimens induced these effects. on the other hand, newborn snake venom showed higher let ... | 1983 | 6623486 |
| investigations on the mechanism of action of crotoxin. | crotoxin, the major toxic protein of crotalus durissus terrificus, is composed of a basic phospholipase, component-b, and of an acidic subunit, component-a. the crotoxin complex is insensitive to an active site directed reagent, p-bromophenacyl bromide, while its isolated enzymatic component-b is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated. we observed that crotoxin possesses an intrinsic phospholipase a2 activity on monodispersed substrates, indicating that the active site of component-b is not masked ... | 1984 | 6530670 |
| crotoxin. i. immunology and interaction of the subunits. | p6ospholipase a and crotapotin were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography from crotalus durissus terrificus venom. the minimal molecular weights obtained by amino acid analysis were 13,400 daltons for phospholipase a and 8,300 daltons for crotapotin. phospholipase a and crotapotin form a 1:1 molar complex that was stable during gel filtration. the ld50 of phospholipase a was increased about 10-fold when in a 1:1 complex with crotapotin. crotapotin, phospholipase a and crotox ... | 1984 | 6518335 |
| a study on the membrane depolarization of skeletal muscles caused by a scorpion toxin, sea anemone toxin ii and crotamine and the interaction between toxins. | quinquestriatus toxin (qtx) isolated from the venom of a scorpion (leiurus quinquestriatus) and sea anemone (anemonia sulcata) toxin ii enhanced the twitch response of the rat and mouse diaphragms and like crotamine (isolated from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus) caused spontaneous fasciculation of the muscle. trains of action potentials in muscles at 70-250 hz, which could not be antagonized by (+)-tubocurarine, were triggered by single stimulation or occurred spontaneously after trea ... | 1983 | 6197125 |
| chromatographic separation of phospholipase a from a histamine releasing component of brazilian rattlesnake venom (crotalus durissus terrificus). | 1967 | 6070461 | |
| pharmacology of crystalline crotoxin. 3. cardiovascular and respiratory effects of crotoxin and crotalus durissus terrificus venom. | 1966 | 6002983 | |
| action of crotoxin and crotactin from the venom of crotalus durissus terrificus (south american rattlesnake) on the frog neuromuscular junction. | 1971 | 5548012 | |
| [hastospiculum onchocercum major desportes, 1941, parasite of the snake crotalus durissus terrificus]. | 2003 | 5527069 | |
| [new species of ophidascaris (baylis 1921), parasite of the crotalus snake (crotalus durissus terrificus)]. | 1969 | 5393011 | |
| studies on pancreatic trypsin from crotalus durissus terrificus--comparison with proteases of venoms. | 1969 | 5368465 |