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attempts to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency of aquaponics through nitrifies addition and filler gradation.aquaponics has attracted worldwide attention in recent years and is considered as an alternative technology for conventional aquaculture. in this study, common carp (cyprinus carpio) and pakchoi (brassica chinensis) were cultured in lab-scale aquaponics, and attempts were conducted to enhance its nitrogen utilization efficiency (nue) through two optimization methods, i.e., nitrifies addition (na) and filler gradation (fg). results showed that na and fg could improve the nue of aquaponics by 8.8 ...201626645232
the complete mitogenome of an australian carp gudgeon, hybridogenetic biotype hahb (hypseleotris: eleotridae).the complete mitochondrial genome was determined for a member of the australian carp gudgeon species complex (hypseleotris: eleotridae). the 16 506 bp genome was recovered by direct shotgun sequencing of a wild-caught f1 hybrid male, and it contains the typical vertebrate arrangement of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and a control region. this is the first published mitogenome for the genus hypseleotris and will be useful for evolutionary studies of the carp gudgeon comple ...201626643618
the role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in nam dinh province, vietnam.fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), such as clonorchis sinensis, opistorchis viverini (opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. the fzt transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding hab ...201526642755
the chromosomal constitution of fish hybrid lineage revealed by 5s rdna fish.the establishment of the bisexual fertile fish hybrid lineage including the allodiploid and allotetraploid hybrids, from interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var. 2n = 100, 2n = aa) (♀) × common carp (cyprinus carpio l. 2n = 100, 2n = bb) (♂), provided a good platform to investigate genetic relationship between the parents and their hybrid progenies.201526635010
the effects of ciprofloxacin on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).the authors performed a toxicity test with ciprofloxacin in fertilized eggs of common carp according to guideline 210 of the organisation for economic co-operation and development. the tested concentrations were 1 μg l(-1) , 100 μg l(-1) , 500 μg l(-1) , 1000 μg l(-1) , and 3000 μg l(-1) . accelerated hatching was found in all groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant growth reduction was found only in the group exposed to the highest concentration (3000 μg l(-1) ). increased numbers of m ...201626632160
histopathological alterations in spleen of freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration of sodium cyanide.aquatic ecosystems in areas with intense mining activity are often subject to cyanide contamination; the present study was aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of sodium cyanide on histoarchitechtural aspect of spleen of freshwater fish cyprinus carpio using an in vivo approach. the fishes were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 0.2 mg/l of sodium cyanide for duration of 10 and 20 days and were further allowed to undergo recovery for 14 days in a toxicant free medium. from the present inve ...201526623354
first report of blood parasites in fishes from kashmir and their effect on the haematological profile.cyprinus carpio communis linnaeus, carassius carassius linnaeus, schizothorax curvifrons heckel and triplophysa marmorata species of fishes were captured from anchar lake and river jhelum of kashmir himalaya for hematological and parasitological analysis. during the investigation haemoflagellates from the genus babesiosoma and trypanosoma were recorded in the blood smears. trypanosomes were present in all the species except c. carpio, whereas babesiosoma were only found in t. marmorata. haematol ...201326623319
zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine.the zebrafish (danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their devel ...201526618602
srv2/cap is required for polarized actin cable assembly and patch internalization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis.the dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is essential for the formation and transport of vesicles during endocytosis. in yeast, two types of actin structures, namely cortical patches and cytoplasmic cables, play a direct role in endocytosis, but how their interaction is regulated remains unclear. here, we show that srv2/cap, an evolutionarily conserved actin regulator, is required for efficient endocytosis owing to its role in the formation of the actin patches that aid initial ve ...201626604224
the specificity of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis in a setting of early arthritis.anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and arthralgia patients at risk of developing ra. to what extent these autoantibodies are specific for ra is unknown. therefore, we investigated the diagnostic performance of the presence of anti-carp antibodies for ra in a setting of early arthritis.201526601692
comparison of species sensitivity distributions constructed with predicted acute toxicity data from interspecies correlation estimation models and measured acute data for benzo[a]pyrene.benzo[a]pyrene (bap) is a priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), which is toxic to aquatic organisms and has been widely detected in the environment. however, ecological risk assessment for bap is hard to perform because of the absence of water quality criteria (wqc) and lack of toxicity data for this chemical. to fill in the data gaps, a interspecies correlation estimation (ice) model was developed by usepa to predict toxicity values for multiple species from the toxicity estimate for ...201626595312
a transcriptome resource for common carp after growth hormone stimulation.growth is one of the most important phenotypes for aquaculture and is thus a subject of great interest for researchers. growth hormone (gh) is a key peptide controlling the growth of various fish species. to understand transcriptome changes induced by gh, common carp was injected with 2 μg/g gh and tissue isolated after 6h. rna-seq was performed to estimate the effects of gh on gene expression in hepatic tissues. the results revealed that gh regulated the expression of multiple genes, including ...201626590018
cellular and molecular hypoxic response in common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate at sublethal concentrations.linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) is an anionic surfactant commonly used in cleaning agents such as laundry detergents. trace amounts of las are released into environmental waters after processing in wastewater treatment plants after the use of this chemical. acute toxicity of las has been well-studied using various organisms, and its effects are particularly well known in fish. las damages fish gill morphology and induces mucous excretion from these organs. las also causes hematological chang ...201726589110
a cross-reactive human single-chain antibody for detection of major fish allergens, parvalbumins, and identification of a major ige-binding epitope.fish allergy is associated with moderate to severe ige-mediated reactions to the calcium binding parvalbumins present in fish muscle. allergy to multiple fish species is caused by parvalbumin-specific cross-reactive ige recognizing conserved epitopes. in this study, we aimed to produce cross-reactive single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibodies for the detection of parvalbumins in fish extracts and the identification of ige epitopes. parvalbumin-specific phage clones were isolated from the h ...201526579717
gut melatonin response to microbial infection in carp catla catla.the purpose of present study was to demonstrate the response of gut melatoninergic system to aeromonas hydrophila infection for 3 or 6 days and search for its correlation with the activity of different antioxidative and digestive enzymes to focus their interplay under pathophysiological conditions in carp (catla catla). microscopic study of gut in infected fish revealed degenerative changes in the tunica mucosa and lamina propria layers with sloughed off epithelial cells in the lumen. the activi ...201626563281
pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.the pharmacokinetic properties of sarafloxacin were investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26 °c. the plasma concentrations of sarafloxacin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. after i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) was estimated to be 22.58 h. the volume o ...201626563280
tissue distribution and whole body burden of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid f-53b in crucian carp (carassius carassius): evidence for a highly bioaccumulative contaminant of emerging concern.following the global actions to phase out perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (pfos) a large number of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, with poorly defined hazard properties, are being used in increasing quantities. here, we report on the first detection of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid f-53b in biological samples and determine the tissue distribution and whole body bioaccumulation factors (bafwhole body) in crucian carp (carassius carassius). analysis of fish sampl ...201526560673
the structure of the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 orf112-zα·z-dna complex reveals a mechanism of nucleic acids recognition conserved with e3l, a poxvirus inhibitor of interferon response.in vertebrate species, the innate immune system down-regulates protein translation in response to viral infection through the action of the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated protein kinase (pkr). in some teleost species another protein kinase, z-dna-dependent protein kinase (pkz), plays a similar role but instead of dsrna binding domains, pkz has zα domains. these domains recognize the left-handed conformer of dsdna and dsrna known as z-dna/z-rna. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infects common and ko ...201526559969
the activity of neutral α-glucosidase and selected biochemical parameters in the annual cycle of breeding carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to demonstrate seasonal changes in the hydrolytic and transferase activity of neutral α-glucosidase, the level of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein in the annual breeding cycle of the carp. the study was conducted on fish from a fish farm in lower silesia (poland). blood serum was collected from the heart in: june, september and december of two consecutive years. the results of the study show that the hydrolytic and transferase activity of neutral α-g ...201526559406
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) as a model system to study the growth factors, receptors and transcription factors that govern myelopoiesis in fish.the process of myeloid cell development (myelopoiesis) in fish has mainly been studied in three cyprinid species: zebrafish (danio rerio), ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and goldfish (c. auratus, l.). our studies on goldfish myelopoiesis have utilized in vitro generated primary kidney macrophage (pkm) cultures and isolated primary kidney neutrophils (pkns) cultured overnight to study the process of macrophage (monopoiesis) and neutrophil (granulopoiesis) development and the key gro ...201626546240
new type of pathogenicity of thelohanellus kitauei egusa & nakajima, 1981 infecting the skin of common carp cyprinus carpio l.thelohanellus kitauei egusa & nakajima, 1981 is a common parasite infecting the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio l., resulting in mass mortality or loss of economic value of cultured carp. in the present study, t. kitauei infecting host skin was detected. the morphological, molecular and histological data of this parasite in the new organ record are presented. morphological analysis showed the current specimen morphologically similar to t. kitauei from the intestine. despite the spore le ...201626537837
effects of biofloc on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and liver histology of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings in zero-water exchange system.biofloc technology is considered as a method that degrades organic waste by microorganisms and produces microbial flocs. a 30-day experiment was performed to investigate the effects of partial replacement of daily feeding intake with biofloc on the growth performances, digestive enzymes activity and liver histology of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. fingerlings. two hundred and eight healthy fingerlings (58.6 ± 0.2 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks (30 l) at a density of 25.4 kg m(-3) ...201626530301
fish synucleins: an update.synucleins (syns) are a family of proteins involved in several human neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. since the first syn discovery in the brain of the electric ray torpedo californica, members of the same family have been identified in all vertebrates and comparative studies have indicated that syn proteins are evolutionary conserved. no counterparts of syns were found in invertebrates suggesting that they are vertebrate-specific proteins. molecular studies showed that the number of syn m ...201526528989
jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) intestinal immune responses, antioxidant status and tight junction protein mrna expression are modulated via nrf2 and pkc in response to dietary arginine deficiency.this study investigated the effect of dietary arginine on the immune response, antioxidant status and tight junction mrna expression in the intestine of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). a total of 1200 juvenile jian carp with an average initial weight of 6.33 ± 0.03 g were fed graded levels of arginine (9.8-24.5 g kg(-1) diet) for nine weeks. the study showed that arginine deficiency up-regulated interleukin 1, interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor-β and down-regulated tumo ...201626518504
detection and characterization of potentially pathogenic aeromonas sobria isolated from fish hypophthalmichthys molitrix (cypriniformes: cyprinidae).the current study focuses on the detection and characterization of potentially pathogenic aeromonas sobria from fish silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). assessment of clinical, microbiological, pathological and biochemical characteristics of a. sobria were taken into account in order to understand the epidemiology, frequency and occurrence of this infection. clinically the infected fish (h. molitrix) was observed for various types of symptoms. a total of 33 colonies of a. sobria strain we ...201626518124
protective effect of ellagic acid on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cyprinus carpio during malathion exposure.this study aims to determine protective efficiency of ellagic acid (ea) on malathion toxicity in carp. the fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of malathion (0.5 and 1 mg/l), and ea (100 mg per kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered for 14 days. malondialdehyde (mda) level and superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gsh—px), and glutathione—s—transferase (gst) activities were evaluated in liver, kidney and gills, which were c ...201526516111
effects of starvation, re-feeding and timing of food supply on daily rhythm features of gut melatonin in carp (catla catla).influences of starvation, re-feeding and time of food supply on daily rhythm features of melatonin (5-methoxy-n-acetyltryptamine) and its key regulator aanat (arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase) protein in the gut tissues were separately evaluated in carp catla catla. the first experiment was aimed at demonstration of duration dependent effects of starvation and re-feeding after starvation on the daily profiles and rhythm features of gut melatonin and aanat. accordingly, juvenile carp were rando ...201526513010
preliminary study on nematocyst types and venom isolation of cassiopea andromeda forskål, 1775 (scyphozoa, cnidaria) from turkey.nematocyst types of cassiopea andromeda were investigated. medusae samples were taken from güllük bay, muğla, turkey. nematocyst samples from oral arms of c. andromeda were observed on light microscope and photographed. birhopaloid and a-isorhiza nematocyst types were found in c. andromeda. moreover, it was seen that nematocyst sizes increased with increasing the bell diameters of the individuals. also, the venom of the species was isolated and injected intramuscularly to cyprinus carpio juvenil ...201626511919
a study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced liver injury in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) using precision-cut liver slices.the aim of this study was to establish a model for the study of liver injury induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in jian carp using precision-cut liver slices (pcls). pcls were treated with tcdd at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 μg/l for 6 h, followed by collection of the culture supernatant and pcls for analysis. several biochemical indices were analyzed, including glutamic pyruvic transaminase (gpt), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got), lactate dehydrogenase ...201626508429
sustainable farming practices of the chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis) around hongze lake, lower yangtze river basin, china.results of a survey of 156 chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis) grow-out farms around hongze lake (118.48-118.72°e; 33.36-33.38°n) are reported. area farmed has remained relatively unchanged but production (59 932 t in 2012) increased steadily over the last 7 years, indicative of the viability and sustainability of the farming system that has gradually replaced intensive chinese major carp polyculture around hongze lake. results showed that production range was 135-2400 kg ha(-1) cycle(-1) ( ...201626508174
single nucleotide polymorphisms of δ6-desaturase and elovl5 segments and their associations with common carp (cyprinus carpio) growth traits.highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufas) are crucial for the nutritional health, physiology, and reproduction of vertebrates. the δ6-desaturase and elovl5 elongase genes produce essential enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of hufas. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis of genes functionally related to the growth traits of the common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) can provide useful information for common carp molecular breeding. in this study, we isolated two δ6 fad genes and two elovl ...201526505436
stress-induced adaptation of neutrophilic granulocyte activity in k and r3 carp lines.both in mammals and fish, stress induces remarkable changes in the immune response. we focused on stress-induced changes in the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in the r3 and k lines of common carp, which showed differential stress responses. our study clearly demonstrates that a prolonged restraint stress differentially affects the activity of k and r3 carp neutrophils. in the k line, stress decreased the respiratory burst, while in the r3 line it reduced the release of extracellular dna. ...201526505123
proteomic analysis of cytoskeleton proteins in fish.in this chapter, we describe laboratory protocols for rearing fish and a simple and efficient method of extracting and identifying pathogen and host proteins that may be involved in entry and replication of commercially important fish viruses. we have used the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and goldfish (cyprinus auratus) as a model system for studies of proteins involved in viral entry and replication. the chapter describes detailed protocols for maintenance of carp, cell culture, antibody pu ...201626498797
immunomodulation by zearalenone in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the mycotoxin zearalenone (zen) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but its effects on fish have not yet been investigated extensively. in order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. three groups of fish were fed feeds contaminated with zen at three concentrations (low: 332 μg kg(-1), medium: 621 μg kg(-1), and high: 797 μg kg(-1) feed) for four weeks. possible reversible effects of zen were evaluated by feeding additional groups with the zen-contaminated feed ...201526491670
identification and testing of novel carp-1 functional mimetic compounds as inhibitors of non-small cell lung and triple negative breast cancers.the triple negative breast cancer (tnbcs) and non-small cell lung cancers (nsclcs) often acquire mutations that contribute to failure of drugs in clinic and poor prognosis, thus presenting an urgent need to develop new and improved therapeutic modalities. here we report that carp-1 functional mimetic (cfms) compounds 4 and 5, and 4.6, a structurally related analog of cfm-4, are potent inhibitors of tnbc and nsclc cells in vitro. cell growth suppression by cfm-4 and -4.6 involved interaction and ...201526485930
enzyme activity in energy supply of spermatozoon motility in two taxonomically distant fish species (sterlet acipenser ruthenus, acipenseriformes and common carp cyprinus carpio, cypriniformes).as spermatozoon motility duration differs significantly among fish species, the mechanism of atp generation-regeneration and its distribution along the flagellum may be species-dependent. the present study compared the role of creatine kinase (ck) with that of adenylate kinase (ak) in atp regeneration during motility of demembranated spermatozoa of taxonomically distant fish species, sterlet, and common carp, allowing investigation for the presence of the creatine-phosphocreatine (pcr) shuttle i ...201626483312
protective action of the phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in cyprinus carpio.the present study was to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatocyte damage in carp. phyllanthin (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) was added to carp primary hepatocytes before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) incubation of the hepatocytes in medium containing ccl4 at 8 mm; supernatant and cell were collected for the analyses of cell viability, biochemical parameters, and gene expression. the results showed that phyl ...201626481798
recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as novel carrier for oral dna vaccines in carassius auratus.oral delivery of dna vaccines represents a promising vaccinating method for fish. recombinant yeast has been proved to be a safe carrier for delivering antigen proteins and dnas to some species in vivo. however, whether recombinant yeast can be used to deliver functional dnas for vaccination to fish is still unknown. in this study, red crucian carp (carassius auratus) was orally administrated with recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring cmv-egfp expression cassette. on day 5 post the firs ...201526481518
identification of a soluble leptin receptor in crucian carp with different binding affinity to leptin-a and leptin-b.soluble leptin receptor (slepr) is the main leptin-binding protein in plasma and contributes to activation of circulating leptin. in this study, we identified a slepr in plasma of crucian carp (carassius carassius) using a pull-down assay, and the interaction of slepr with its ligand is confirmed by a cross-linking study. in addition, we found that leptin-a has higher affinity than leptin-b for slepr. according to our knowledge, this is the first experimental report about the main ligand of slep ...201626478266
gymnocypris przewalskii decreases cytosolic carbonic anhydrase expression to compensate for respiratory alkalosis and osmoregulation in the saline-alkaline lake qinghai.naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii), endemic to the saline-alkaline lake qinghai, have the capacity to tolerate combined high salinity and alkalinity, but migrate to spawn in freshwater rivers each year. in this study, the full-length cdna of the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase c isoform of g. przewalskii (gpcac) was amplified and sequenced; mrna levels and enzyme activity of gpcac and blood chemistry were evaluated to understand the compensatory responses as the naked carp returned to the saline- ...201626475604
antioxidant properties of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) protein ex vivo and in vitro hydrolysates.the presence of specific peptides with antioxidant properties released during carp protein ex vivo and in vitro hydrolysis by human/porcine digestive enzymes, respectively, was examined. based on the results of the in silico data analysis, antioxidant peptides were selected for subsequent identification in the digests/hydrolysates. carp proteins were more resistant to hydrolysis by porcine enzymes than by human digestive juices. the sarcoplasmic proteins were hydrolyzed faster than the myofibril ...201626471617
an estimation of the biological properties of fish collagen in an experimental in vitro study.the principal sources of medical collagen are pork, calf skin and bone. there are now more studies on a much safer, alternative source of active collagen, mainly from aquatic life. active collagen and its peptides fcp (fish collagen peptides) have already been extracted from the skin of salmon, cobia, hoki, tilapia, zebrafish, ling, shark, silver carp and also jellyfish.201526467125
microrna profiles reveal female allotetraploid hybrid fertility.the bisexual fertile tetraploid fish is important in biological evolution. tetraploid fish fertility is the key factor for stable inheritance. therefore, elucidating tetraploid fish fertility at the molecular level is essential. micrornas regulate gene expression and are involved in many aspects of gonad development.201526466572
hematological alterations in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to herbicides: pendimethalin and ethofumesate tested separately and in mixture.herbicides are used in large amounts in agriculture and the evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to environmental safety. the aim of the present study was to investigate common carp hematological alterations caused by herbicide exposure. fish were treated with pendimethalin and ethofumesate tested separately and in mixture administered to aquarium water. peripheral blood of treated fish was collected after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure and compared to control. the total number of ...201526462329
effects of chronic exposure to tributyltin on tissue-specific cytochrome p450 1 regulation in juvenile common carp.1. the purpose of this study was to compare tributyltin (tbt)-induced cytochrome p450 1 (cyp450 1) regulation in liver, gills and muscle of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). 2. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of tbt (75, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/l) for 60 days. cyp450 1a was measured at the enzyme activity level as 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, as well as the mrna expression of cyp450 1 family genes (cyp1a, cyp1b, cyp1c1 and cyp1c2) in fish tissues. 3. based on the r ...201626446983
male gender is associated with a high risk for chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis and ileal pouch anastomotic sinus.the impact of gender on the development of chronic ileal pouch disorders following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa) has not been evaluated. this study was aimed to assess the association between gender and pouch outcomes.201626446071
anticarbamylated protein antibodies are associated with long-term disability and increased disease activity in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from the norfolk arthritis register.anticarbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are a novel family of autoantibodies recently identified in patients with inflammatory arthritis. the aim of this study was to investigate their association with long-term outcomes of disability and disease activity over 20 years' follow-up in a cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (ip).201626443608
effects of date palm fruit extracts on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of date palm fruit extracts (dpfe) on skin mucosal immunity, immune related genes expression and growth performance of fry common carp (cyprinus carpio). one hundred and twenty specimens (4.06 ± 0.13 g) were supplied and allocated into six aquaria; specimens in three aquaria were fed non-supplemented diet (control) while the fish in the other 3 aquaria were fed with dpfe at 200 ml kg(-1). at the end of feeding trial (8 weeks) skin mucus immune ...201526439417
tc1-like transposase thm3 of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) can mediate gene transposition in the genome of blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala).tc1-like transposons consist of an inverted repeat sequence flanking a transposase gene that exhibits similarity to the mobile dna element, tc1, of the nematode, caenorhabditis elegans. they are widely distributed within vertebrate genomes including teleost fish; however, few active tc1-like transposases have been discovered. in this study, 17 tc1-like transposon sequences were isolated from 10 freshwater fish species belonging to the families cyprinidae, adrianichthyidae, cichlidae, and salmoni ...201526438298
the effect of gamma radiation on the common carp (cyprinus carpio): in vivo genotoxicity assessment with the micronucleus and comet assays.radioactive wastes may be leached into freshwater, either accidentally or in industrial effluents. we have studied gamma radiation-induced dna damage in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio. fish were irradiated with 2-10gy gamma radiation and genotoxic effects in blood cells were studied with the micronucleus (mn) and comet assays. micronuclei and a dose-dependent increase in comet-tail dna were seen in dose- and time-dependent studies. the highest % tail dna was observed at 24h, declining until ...201526433258
the primary culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) macrophages and the verification of its phagocytosis activity.this study establishes the primary culture method for red carp (cyprinus carpio) macrophages in vitro and lays the foundation for further research in the fish immune system. the healthy adult red carp was chosen, and mechanical separation and cell adherent culture methods were used to isolate the primary macrophages. compared to the traditional method of percoll discontinuous density gradient isolation, the protocol we reported here makes cell isolation steps more concise and obtains more health ...201626427708
toxicity of tributyltin in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio): physiological responses, hepatic gene expression, and stress protein profiling.in this study, the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on biochemical parameters (antioxidant responses and na(+) -k(+) -atpase) in different tissues were investigated by using juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) as well as growth and ion regulation-related genes expression and stress-related proteins profiling in fish liver. oxidative stress indices and na(+) -k(+) -atpase showed tissues-specific responses in fish exposed to different tbt concentrations. all tested genes related to gh/igf-i axis an ...201626418422
mechanism of polyphosphates hydrolysis by purified polyphosphatases from the dorsal muscle of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as detected by ³¹p nmr.the dynamic hydrolysis of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (tspp), sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp) and polyphosphate compound, which was catalyzed by purified pyrophosphatase (ppase) and myosin- tripolyphosphatase (tppase) from the silver carp dorsal muscle, was studied using (31) p nmr spectroscopy. in the ppase + tspp system, the pyrophosphate (pp) was hydrolyzed quickly and completely within 8 h and the hydrolysis rate of pp was 12.51%/h. in the tppase + stpp system, the first-order hydrolysis of tri ...201526417665
anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in unaffected first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients: lack of correlation with anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor.to investigate the prevalence of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) in the healthy first-degree relatives (hfdrs) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra).201726411477
pathogenesis of spring viremia of carp virus in emerald shiner notropis atherinoides rafinesque, fathead minnow pimephales promelas rafinesque and white sucker catostomus commersonii (lacepede).spring viremia of carp (svc) is a reportable disease to the world organization of animal health (oie) as it is known to cause significant international economic impact. in canada, the first and only isolation of svc virus (svcv) was in 2006, from common carp cyprinus carpio l., at hamilton harbour, lake ontario. the susceptibility of fathead minnow pimephales promelas rafinesque, emerald shiner notropis atherinoides rafinesque and white sucker catostomus commersonii (lacepede) to intraperitoneal ...201626411333
response of plasma copper, ceruloplasmin, iron and ions in carp, cyprinus carpio to waterborne copper ion and nanoparticle exposure.in this study, cyprinus carpio was exposed to 0.25mgl(-1) copper as either copper sulfate (cuso4) or copper oxide nanoparticles (nano-cu), and 25mgl(-1) copper as nano-cu for 14days. cuso4 and high concentration of nano-cu led to a significant increase in plasma total copper levels. plasma free copper levels increased significantly in all copper-exposed treatments. except for low concentration of nano-cu after 7 and 14days, copper exposure generally led to a significant decrease in plasma cerulo ...201626408942
effects of body chemical components on the allometric scaling of the resting metabolic rate in four species of cyprinids.metabolic scaling is hypothesized to be affected by ontogenetic changes in the body chemical composition because several body components do not consume significant amounts of oxygen but contribute more to body mass (m) as a fish grows. we tested this hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr) and body compositions of lipid, protein, ash, and water in four species of cyprinids, hypophthalmichthys molitrix (m range 9.5-218.3 g), cyprinus carpio (m range 14.6-226.9 ...201626407956
effects of phenol on ovarian p450arom gene expression and aromatase activity in vivo and antioxidant metabolism in common carp cyprinus carpio.ovarian cyp19a mrna expression and p450 aromatase activity were measured in vivo in common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to phenol for 96 h. production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and parameters of antioxidant defense system in serum ovary and liver of this fish after long-term phenol exposure were also studied. in vivo exposure of fish to sublethal dose of phenol for 96 h caused marked attenuation of ovarian cyp19a1a gene expression and p450 aromatase activity. production of ros like hydrog ...201626403910
alteration of cytochrome p450 1 regulation and hsp 70 level in brain of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) after chronic exposure to tributyltin.tributyltin (tbt), a toxic contaminant in aquatic environments, has bio-accumulated in aquatic food webs throughout the world and can be found at toxic levels in some biota. however, the molecular mechanisms and effects of tbt are not fully understood. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of tbt on cytochrome p450 (cyp450) 1 regulation and heat-shock proteins (hsps) profiling in brain of freshwater teleost. the effects of long-term exposure to tbt on m ...201626400268
perturbation of xenobiotic metabolism in dreissena polymorpha model exposed in situ to surface water (lake trasimene) purified with various disinfectants.sanitation is of crucial importance for the microbiological safety of drinking water. however, chlorination of water rich in organic material produces disinfection by-products (dbps), many of which have been reported to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds such as haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. epidemiological studies have suggested a link between drinking water consumption and cancer. we previously observed that cyprinus carpio fish exposed to dbps, may be subject to epigenetic eff ...201626397472
quantification of histamine in various fish samples using square wave stripping voltammetric method.the objective of this study was to describe a new and simple method for the determination of histamine so that it can be used in routine food analysis. a square wave stripping voltammetric (swsv) method has been used for the indirect determination of histamine. the method is based on accumulation copper (ii) - histamine complex onto a hanging mercury drop electrode and reduction of complex. the optimum conditions include an accumulation potential of -420 mv (versus ag/agcl), an accumulation time ...201526396415
temporal changes in growth, condition and trophic niche in juvenile cyprinus carpio infected with a non-native parasite.in host-parasite relationships, parasite prevalence and abundance can vary over time, potentially impacting how hosts are affected by infection. here, the pathology, growth, condition and diet of a juvenile cyprinus carpio cohort infected with the non-native cestode bothriocephalus acheilognathi was measured in october 2012 (end of their first summer of life), april 2013 (end of first winter) and october 2013 (end of second summer). pathology revealed consistent impacts, including severe compres ...201526394706
effects of antimicrobial peptides (amps) on blood biochemical parameters, antioxidase activity, and immune function in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).antibiotic use in livestock feed additives has resulted in harmful residue accumulation and spread of drug-resistance. we examined the use of antimicrobial peptides (amps) as a safer alternative to antibiotics in feeding the common carp. amps were added to common carp basal diets (control) as additives at four concentrations: 100 mg kg(-1) (b1), 200 mg kg(-1) (b2), 400 mg kg(-1) (b3), 600 mg kg(-1) (b4) by dry weight of basal diet. after a 60-day feeding experiment, the final weight, dg and sgr ...201526386195
'medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. part 1: anti-mglur1, anti-homer-3, anti-sj/itpr1 and anti-carp viii.serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. while some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most cns neurons (e.g. anti-hu, anti-ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of purkinje cells (pc). in this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical an ...201526377085
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 il10 inhibits inflammatory activities of carp macrophages and promotes proliferation of igm+ b cells and memory t cells in a manner similar to carp il10.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease of carp and encodes for an il10 homolog (orf134). our previous studies with a recombinant orf134-deleted strain and the derived revertant strain suggested that cyprinid herpesvirus 3 il10 (cyhv-3 il10 [cyhv3il10]) is not essential for viral replication in vitro, or virulence in vivo. in apparent contrast, cyhv3il10 is one of the most abundant proteins of the cyhv-3 secretome and is structurally very similar to carp il10 a ...201526371255
sensitization rates for various allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in qingdao, china.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization to common allergens in children with allergic rhinitis (ar) living in qingdao, china. we conducted a retrospective analysis for ar cases, who underwent skin prick tests (spt) in qingdao. a total of 2841 children with ar qualified for the inclusion criteria (age 3-5 years: 1500 children; age 6-12 years: 1341 children). the most common inhaled allergens to which the ar children were sensitive were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ...201526371014
gene expression variations of red-white skin coloration in common carp (cyprinus carpio).teleosts have more types of chromatophores than other vertebrates and the genetic basis for pigmentation is highly conserved among vertebrates. therefore, teleosts are important models to study the mechanism of pigmentation. although functional genes and genetic variations of pigmentation have been studied, the mechanisms of different skin coloration remains poorly understood. the koi strain of common carp has various colors and patterns, making it a good model for studying the genetic basis of ...201526370964
effects of the terbuthylazine metabolite terbuthylazine-desethyl on common carp embryos and larvae.toxicity of terbuthylazine-desethyl to embryos and larvae of common carp (cyprinus carpio) was assessed. based on mortality, the lethal concentration of terbuthylazine-desethyl was estimated to be 31days lc50=441.6μg/l. carp exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl at 1800μg/l exhibited lower weight and length at 7days of exposure compared to the control group. by day 20, carp exposed to 900μg/l terbuthylazine-desethyl showed lower weight and length compared to control group. terbuthylazine-desethyl i ...201626363394
inhibition of serpine1 reduces rhabdoviral infections in zebrafish.while exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the fin hemorrhages that follow zebrafish (danio rerio) early infection with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), we discovered that most serpin (serine protease inhibitor) gene transcripts were upregulated, except those of serpine1. surprisingly, only serpine1-derived 14-mer peptide and low molecular weight drugs targeting serpine1 (i.e. tannic acid, egcg, tiplaxtinin) inhibited in vitro infections not only of vhsv, but also of other fish r ...201526363229
interspecific and spatial comparisons of perfluorinated compounds in bighead and silver carp in the illinois river, illinois, usa.we examined perfluoroalkyl compounds (pfc) in bighead (bhcp; hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver (svcp; h. molitrix) carp from the illinois river, illinois, usa. summed pfc concentrations in whole fish did not differ by species or river reach. perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) concentrations were much greater in whole fish (16.4 ng/g) than in fillets (3.4 ng/g). pfos concentrations represented 35%-51% of total measured pfc concentrations in whole fish, and in fillets were weakly associated with ...201526358646
traditional chinese medicine induced liver injury.traditional chinese medicine (tcm) is popular around the world and encompasses many different practices with particular emphasis on herbal tcm. using the pubmed database, a literature search was undertaken to assess the extent herbal tcm products exert rare hepatotoxicity. analysis of reported cases revealed numerous specified herbal tcm products with potential hepatotoxicity. among these were an shu ling, bai fang, bai xian pi, ban tu wan, bo he, bo ye qing niu dan, bofu tsu sho san, boh gol zh ...201426357619
a novel genus in the order picornavirales detected in human stool.recently, four new viruses belonging to an unassigned family within the order picornavirales were identified in excrements of healthy carp (fisavirus) and pigs (posavirus 1, 2 and 3). we report the detection and characterization of a fifth virus present in human faeces. the virus, named human stool-associated rna virus (husavirus), contains a single orf encoding a putative 2993 aa polyprotein, with a hel-pro-pol replication block, typical for the picornavirales. phylogenetic analysis revealed th ...201526354795
antibodies against carbamylated proteins are present in primary sjögren's syndrome and are associated with disease severity.herein, we investigate the presence and prognostic value of autoantibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) in the serum of patients with primary sjögren's syndrome (pss).201626350884
soyabean glycinin depresses intestinal growth and function in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var jian): protective effects of glutamine.this study investigated the effects of glycinin on the growth, intestinal oxidative status, tight junction components, cytokines and apoptosis signalling factors of fish. the results showed that an 80 g/kg diet of glycinin exposure for 42 d caused poor growth performance and depressed intestinal growth and function of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). meanwhile, dietary glycinin exposure induced increases in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation; it caused reductions in superoxi ...201526349522
mixed input to olfactory glomeruli from two subsets of ciliated sensory neurons does not impede relay neuron specificity in the crucian carp.the consensus view of olfactory processing is that the axons of receptor-specific primary olfactory sensory neurons (osns) converge to a small subset of glomeruli, thus preserving the odour identity before the olfactory information is processed in higher brain centres. in the present study, we show that two different subsets of ciliated osns with different odorant specificities converge to the same glomeruli. in order to stain different ciliated osns in the crucian carp carassius carassius we us ...201526347551
molecular characterization of beclin 1 in rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus) and its expression after waterborne cadmium exposure.beclin 1 plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis which are well documented in mammals. however, relevant reports are rare in fish. this study characterized beclin 1 of the rare minnow gobiocypris rarus (rmbeclin 1), which encodes a peptide of 447 amino acids using rt-pcr and race. the deduced peptide showed 96.4 and 80.8% similarity to beclin 1 of common carp and human, respectively. semiquantitative rt-pcr revealed that rmbeclin 1 was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues of m ...201626347097
vitamin d inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response potentially through the toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway in the intestine and enterocytes of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin d both in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in vivo and in enterocytes in vitro. in primary enterocytes, exposure to 10 mg lipopolysaccharide (lps)/l increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the culture medium (p<0·05) and resulted in a significant loss of cell viability (p<0·05). lps exposure increased (p<0·05) the mrna expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α, il-1β, il-6 and il-8), wh ...201526346737
description of a new species of myxobolus butschli, 1882 from the cirrhinus mrigala hamilton, 1822 an edible fish of india.myxobolus bütschli 1882 is an important group of parasitic protozoa infecting a large number of freshwater fish species worldwide. the severity of myxobolus infection leads to heavy loss in production of fishes. during the survey of the fish parasites, a new species of the genus myxobolus have been isolated from the gills of a freshwater edible fish cirrhinus mrigala hamilton, 1822 from canning, south 24 parganas, west bengal, india which has been described here.201526345052
myxobolus nanokiensis sp. nov. (myxozoa: bivalvulidae), a new pathogenic myxosporean parasite causing haemorrhagic gill disease in cultured indian major carp fish, labeo rohita (hamilton 1822) in punjab, india.the plasmodia of myxobolus nanokiensis sp. nov. were found infecting gills of labeo rohita (hamilton 1822) the infection rate was found to be 36.67 % (30 fishes were examined and 11 fishes were infected) in the nanoki pond in patiala district punjab. numerous minute plasmodia each filled with 150-200 spores were detected. smear of scrapped blood-tinged mucous from gills exhibited millions of spores. histological sections also indicated numerous plasmodia measuring 38.33-40.33 μm in diameter in t ...201526345042
antioxidant activity and functional properties of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from common carp (cyprinus carpio) roe (egg).previously, we have reported the composition, molecular mass distribution and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of common carp roe protein hydrolysates. in the current study, antioxidative activity and functional properties of common carp (cyprinus carpio) roe (egg) protein hydrolysates, prepared by pepsin, trypsin and alcalase, were evaluated. the three hydrolysates showed excellent antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner in various in vitro models such as 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ...201526344996
effects of dietary exposure to zearalenone (zen) on carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the mycotoxin zearalenone (zen) is frequently contaminating animal feeds including feed used in aquaculture. in the present study, the effects of dietary exposure to zen on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were investigated. zen at three different concentrations (low dose: 332 µg kg(-1), medium dose: 621 µg kg(-1) and high dose: 797 µg kg(-1) final feed, respectively) was administered to juvenile carp for four weeks. additional groups received the mycotoxin for the same time period but were fed with th ...201526343724
protective properties of sesamin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney of carp (cyprinus carpio) via jnk signaling pathway.sesamin, a major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. however, its protective effects against fluoride-induced injury in kidney of fish have not been clarified. previously we found that fluoride exposure caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of sesamin on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in fluoride-exposed fish were determined. the results showed that sesamin a ...201526340122
pollution problem in river kabul: accumulation estimates of heavy metals in native fish species.the contamination of aquatic systems with heavy metals is affecting the fish population and hence results in a decline of productivity rate. river kabul is a transcountry river originating at paghman province in afghanistan and inters in khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan and it is the major source of irrigation and more than 54 fish species have been reported in the river. present study aimed at the estimation of heavy metals load in the fish living in river kabul. heavy metals including c ...201526339622
changes in the microbial communities of air-packaged and vacuum-packaged common carp (cyprinus carpio) stored at 4 °c.the dominant microbiota of air-packaged (ap) and vacuum-packaged (vp) common carp fillets during storage were systematically identified. culture-dependent methods were used for microbial enumeration and 16s rrna genes of the isolated pure strains were sequenced and analyzed. different packaging conditions affected the growth of microbiota and the shelf life of carp. shelf-life of ap and vp fillets was 8 and 12 days, respectively. vacuum packaging delayed the increase of biogenic amines levels co ...201526338135
response of vitamins a, e, hematological and serum biochemical markers in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental pb(2+) and cd(2+).toxicity of pb(2+) and cd(2+) is a widespread issue in the world; however, few studies have been conducted to understand their effect at environmentally realistic concentration in a mixture. in the present study, crucian carp was exposed to pb(2+) (30 µg·l(-1)), cd(2+) (100 µg·l(-1)) and their mixture (30+100 µg·l(-1)) for 96 h and 21 d period to assess changes in the liver and muscle vitamin a and e content, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. the results indicated significant d ...201526336655
in vivo studies on hepato-renal impairments in freshwater fish cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide.reactive oxygen species is an inevitable composite of aerobic systems that could channelize their lethality by imparting oxidative stress under a stressful environment. cyanide is an important environmental toxicant that could be responsible in the resulting detrimental health issues of aquatic fauna. the present effort investigates the possibilities of hepato-renal damage in freshwater fish cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide (nacn). fish were expose ...201626335525
effects of nano-particles on histo-pathological changes of the fish.regarding fast development of the nanotechnology and the probably of it's side effects on aquatic body organs, this study investigate the effects of nanosilver administration on histology of gill, kidney and biochemical parameters in common carp. the silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-step reduction process in an aqueous solution. 60 o. mykiss were obtained from a local commercial hatchery. fish were divided randomly into four groups. control group was kept in dechlorinated tap water ...201526322234
ecotoxicological assessment of flocculant modified soil for lake restoration using an integrated biotic toxicity index.flocculant modified soils/clays are being increasingly studied as geo-engineering materials for lake restoration and harmful algal bloom control. however, the potential impacts of adding these materials in aquatic ecological systems remain unclear. this study investigated the potential effects of chitosan, cationic starch, chitosan modified soils (ms-c) and cationic starch modified soils (ms-s) on the aquatic organisms by using a bioassay battery. the toxicity potential of these four flocculants ...201626321048
expression patterns of toll-like receptors in natural triploid carassius auratus after infection with aeromonas hydrophila.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play the important roles in the innate immune system. in the present study, we have cloned fragments of 13 members of tlr family in natural triploid qihe crucian carp (c. auratus) and investigated the expression profiles of these tlrs in spleen and head kidney at different time points after a. hydrophila infection. the results showed that the expressions of certain tlrs including tlr4, tlr5, and tlr22 were significantly up-regulated after infection, and the expression ...201526319889
changes in biogenic amines and atp-related compounds and their relation to other quality changes in common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) stored at 20 and 0°c.biogenic amines, atp-related compounds, sensory attributes, total volatile basic nitrogen, microbial flora (total viable bacteria, pseudomonas, aeromonas, and h2s-producing bacteria), and free amino acids were determined in common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) stored at 20 and 0°c. pseudomonas and h2s-producing bacteria became the dominant bacteria in carp stored at 20 and 0°c, whereas aeromonas rapidly increased only in carp stored at 0°c. inosine monophosphate, which is responsible for flav ...201526319724
association of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies with long-term disability and increased disease activity in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from the norfolk arthritis register.anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) predict increased disease activity and disability in patients with inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis. however, the absence of these antibodies does not confer universally good prognosis. recently, a new set of antibodies, anti-carbamylated (anti-carp) antibodies, have been identified in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. this study aimed to investigate the association between anti-carp antibodies, disability, and disease activity in ...201526312866
impact of dbp on histology and expression of hsp 70 in gill and liver tissue of cyprinus carpio.di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) widely used plasticizer in the plastic industry, affects regulation of the endocrine system and causes toxicity in animals. in the present study, the aim was to study the toxic effects/damages of dbp exposure using hsp70 levels and histopathological changes in carp liver and gill. hsp70 expression levels were assessed as specific biomarker of in vivo ecotoxicological stress. carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to sub-lethal concentration of dbp (di-n-butyl phthalate, 1 ...201526311152
a novel environmental dna approach to quantify the cryptic invasion of non-native genotypes.the invasion of non-native species that are closely related to native species can lead to competitive elimination of the native species and/or genomic extinction through hybridization. such invasions often become serious before they are detected, posing unprecedented threats to biodiversity. a japanese native strain of common carp (cyprinus carpio) has become endangered owing to the invasion of non-native strains introduced from the eurasian continent. here, we propose a rapid environmental dna- ...201626307935
identification and characterization of alpha-i-proteinase inhibitor from common carp sarcoplasmic proteins.purification of proteinase inhibitor from common carp (cyprinus carpio) sarcoplasmic proteins resulted in 2.8% yield with purification fold of 111. two inhibitors, namely inhibitor i and ii, exhibited molecular mass of 47 and 52 kda, respectively, based on non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. both inhibitors i and ii were identified to be alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-pi) based on lc-ms/ms. they were glycoproteins and molecular mass after peptide-n-glycosida ...201626304452
[two elovl5-like elongase genes in cyprinus carpio var. jian: gene characterization, mrna expression, and nutritional regulation].elovl5 elongase is a critical enzyme involved in the highly unsaturated fatty acid (hufa) biosynthesis. there is very little information on the evolution and functional characterization of elovl5-a and elovl5-b genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). in the present study, the genomic sequences and structures of two putative elovl5-like elongase genes in the common carp genome were obtained. the mrna expression patterns of elovl5-a and elovl5-b in tissues, hatching carp embryos, and juv ...201726299859
dephosphorylation during bleach and regeneration of visual pigment in carp rod and cone membranes.on absorption of light by vertebrate visual pigment, the chromophore, 11-cis retinal, is isomerized to all-trans retinal to activate the phototransduction cascade, which leads to a hyperpolarizing light response. activated pigment is inactivated by phosphorylation on the protein moiety, opsin. isomerized all-trans retinal is ultimately released from opsin, and the pigment is regenerated by binding to 11-cis retinal. in this pigment regeneration cycle, the phosphates incorporated should be remove ...201526286749
characterization of vasa in the gonads of different ploidy fish.vasa is an essential gene for germ cell development belonging to the dead-box family. in this study, we comparatively analyzed the expression characteristics of vasa in diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. the sequences showed high similarity among these fish and other vertebrates, with characteristic domains. tissue expression analysis revealed that vasa was expressed exclusively in the gonad of different ploidy fishes. during embryogenesis, vasa expression was lower in diploid than in triploi ...201526275938
pthrp attenuates osteoblast cell death and apoptosis induced by a novel class of anti-cancer agents.the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents often limits their use due to their negative effects on normal cells. apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 functional mimetics (cfms) belong to a novel class of compounds that possess anti-cancer properties with potential utility in breast and other cancers. in this study, we investigated the growth inhibitory action of cfm-4 and -5 in bone-forming osteoblasts and role of a skeletal regulator, parathyroid hormone (pth)-related peptide (pthrp), which ...201626260694
gut melatonin in vertebrates: chronobiology and physiology.melatonin, following discovery in the bovine pineal gland, has been detected in several extra-pineal sources including gastrointestinal tract or gut. arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) is the key regulator of its biosynthesis. melatonin in pineal is rhythmically produced with a nocturnal peak in synchronization with environmental light-dark cycle. a recent study on carp reported first that melatonin levels and intensity of a ~23 kda aanat protein in each gut segment also exhibit signific ...201526257705
fish remains as a source to reconstruct long-term changes of fish communities in the austrian and hungarian danube.the main objective of this paper is to investigate how archaeological fish remains and written historical records can contribute to the reconstruction of long-term developments of fish communities along the austrian and hungarian danube. although such approaches are sensitive to various factors, the chronological subdivision and relative quantification of proxy data demonstrate environmental and faunal changes from prehistory onwards. intensification of fisheries, decline of large specimens and ...201726257501
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