Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| artificial selection for different host preferences in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes. | most mosquito species display host preferences that are a crucial determinant of the transmission rate of mosquito-borne pathogens. although a transgenic approach, based on driving genes for zoophily into vector populations, has been advocated as a malaria control strategy by the world health organization since 1982, the genes involved in mosquito host choice remain poorly understood. culex pipiens pallens coquillet mosquitoes were artificially selected for two different host preferences in a sp ... | 2015 | 26336219 |
| species composition and seasonal distribution of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) in southern new jersey, burlington county. | a total of 36,495 larvae consisting of 45 species from 11 genera were collected from 7,189 sites from southern new jersey, burlington county between the months of march and october, 2001-2014. density and seasonal distribution were determined among natural and artificial habitat. the most dominant species collected from natural habitat was aedes vexans (meigen) followed by ochlerotatus canadensis canadensis (theobald), culex restuans theobald, culex pipiens l., and culex territans walker. the mo ... | 2015 | 26336214 |
| physico-chemical characteristics of culex pipiens sensu lato and culex torrentium (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites in germany. | culex pipiens sensu lato (l.) and culex torrentium martini, 1925 are two widely distributed mosquito species in europe. due to difficulties in morphological discrimination, the current knowledge on differences in the breeding ecology is fragmentary. therefore, this study evaluated the relation between the presence-absence of both species at various types of breeding habitats in response to physico-chemical parameters, using a recently developed molecular assay that allows reliable species-specif ... | 2015 | 26336210 |
| west nile virus activity in a winter roost of american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos): is bird-to-bird transmission important in persistence and amplification? | since its emergence in north america, west nile virus (wnv) has had a large impact on equines, humans, and wild bird communities, yet gaps remain in our understanding of how the virus persists at temperate latitudes when winter temperatures preclude virus replication and host-seeking activity by mosquito vectors. bird-to-bird transmission at large communal american crow roosts could provide one mechanism for wnv persistence. herein, we describe seasonal patterns of crow and culex mosquito abunda ... | 2015 | 26335475 |
| venom allergen 5 is associated with deltamethrin resistance in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | the mosquito, culex pipiens pallens (l.), is an important vector of encephalitis and filariasis in northern china. the control of these mosquitoes occurs primarily via the use of pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin. the widespread and improper application of pyrethroid has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance amongst many mosquito populations, including cx. pipiens pallens. previous studies using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing have identified that the venom alle ... | 2015 | 26335474 |
| identification of avian and hemoparasite dna in blood-engorged abdomens of culex pipiens (diptera; culicidae) from a west nile virus epidemic region in suburban chicago, illinois. | multiple mosquito-borne parasites cocirculate in nature and potentially interact. to understand the community of parasites cocirculating with west nile virus (wnv), we screened the bloodmeal content of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes for three common types of hemoparasites. blood-fed cx. pipiens were collected from a wnv-epidemic area in suburban chicago, il, from may to september 2005 through 2010. dna was extracted from dissected abdomens and subject to pcr and direct sequencing to identify the ve ... | 2015 | 26334822 |
| vector-host interactions of culiseta melanura in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in southeastern virginia. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe illness in humans and equines in the eastern usa. culiseta (cs.) melanura is the primary vector of eeev in most geographic regions but its feeding patterns on specific avian and mammalian hosts are largely unknown in the mid-atlantic region. the objectives of our study were to: 1) identify avian hosts of cs. melanura and evaluate their potential role in ... | 2015 | 26327226 |
| tracking dengue virus intra-host genetic diversity during human-to-mosquito transmission. | dengue virus (denv) infection of an individual human or mosquito host produces a dynamic population of closely-related sequences. this intra-host genetic diversity is thought to offer an advantage for arboviruses to adapt as they cycle between two very different host species, but it remains poorly characterized. to track changes in viral intra-host genetic diversity during horizontal transmission, we infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes by allowing them to feed on denv2-infected patients. we then p ... | 2015 | 26325059 |
| temperature-sensitive mutations for live-attenuated rift valley fever vaccines: implications from other rna viruses. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to the african continent. rvf is characterized by high rate of abortions in ruminants and hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or blindness in humans. rvf is caused by the rift valley fever virus (rvfv: genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae). vaccination is the only known effective strategy to prevent the disease, but there are no licensed rvf vaccines available for humans. a live-attenuated vaccine candidate derived from the wild ... | 2015 | 26322023 |
| a genetic model of the effects of insecticide-treated bed nets on the evolution of insecticide-resistance. | the evolution of insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors is emerging as a serious challenge for the control of malaria. modelling the spread of insecticide-resistance is an essential tool to understand the evolutionary pressures and dynamics caused by the application of insecticides. | 2015 | 26320183 |
| population dynamics of culex restuans and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) related to climatic factors in northwest ohio. | two species of culex mosquitoes are common throughout much of north america. culex restuans theobold is a native species, whereas culex pipiens l. is a european immigrant that has been in north america since the 1600s. larvae of cx. restuans are numerically dominant in spring and early summer but cx. pipiens dominates by mid-summer. this transition is termed the "culex crossover" and has been previously explored in larval populations, largely because cx. pipiens is more likely to transfer west n ... | 2015 | 26314047 |
| molecular identification of saint louis encephalitis virus genotype iv in colombia. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a member of the japanese-encephalitis virus serocomplex of the genus flavivirus. slev is broadly distributed in the americas and the caribbean islands, where it is usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus culex and primarily to birds and mammalian-hosts. humans are occasionally infected by the virus and are dead-end hosts. slev causes encephalitis in temperate regions, while in tropical regions of the americas, several human cases and a wide biologi ... | 2015 | 26313538 |
| immunogenicity and serological cross-reactivity of saliva proteins among different tsetse species. | tsetse are vectors of pathogenic trypanosomes, agents of human and animal trypanosomiasis in africa. components of tsetse saliva (sialome) are introduced into the mammalian host bite site during the blood feeding process and are important for tsetse's ability to feed efficiently, but can also influence disease transmission and serve as biomarkers for host exposure. we compared the sialome components from four tsetse species in two subgenera: subgenus morsitans: glossina morsitans morsitans (gmm) ... | 2015 | 26313460 |
| exploring genomic, geographic and virulence interactions among epidemic and non-epidemic st. louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus) strains. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a re-emerging arbovirus in south america. in 2005, an encephalitis outbreak caused by slev was reported in argentina. the reason for the outbreak remains unknown, but may have been related to virological factors, changes in vectors populations, avian amplifying hosts, and/or environmental conditions. the main goal of this study was to characterize the complete genome of epidemic and non-epidemic slev strains from argentina. seventeen amino acid changes were ... | 2015 | 26312485 |
| inhibitory effects of amorphigenin on the mitochondrial complex i of culex pipiens pallens coquillett (diptera: culicidae). | previous studies in our laboratory found that the extract from seeds of amorpha fruticosa in the leguminosae family had lethal effects against mosquito larvae, and an insecticidal compound amorphigenin was isolated. in this study, the inhibitory effects of amorphigenin against the mitochondrial complex i of culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) were investigated and compared with that of rotenone. the results showed that amorphigenin and rotenone can decrease the mitochondrial complex i act ... | 2015 | 26307964 |
| surveillance potential of non-native hawaiian birds for detection of west nile virus. | west nile virus (wnv) was first detected in north america in 1999. alaska and hawaii (hi) remain the only u.s. states in which transmission of wnv has not been detected. dead bird surveillance has played an important role in the detection of the virus geographically, as well as temporally. in north america, corvids have played a major role in wnv surveillance; however, the only corvid in hi is the endangered hawaiian crow that exists only in captivity, thus precluding the use of this species for ... | 2015 | 26304918 |
| testing of uk populations of culex pipiens l. for schmallenberg virus vector competence and their colonization. | schmallenberg virus (sbv), an arboviral pathogen of ruminants, emerged in northern europe during 2011 and has subsequently spread across a vast geographic area. while culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) have been identified as a biological transmission agent of sbv, the role of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) as potential vectors has not been defined beyond small-scale field collections in affected areas. culex pipiens l. are one of the most widespread mosquitoes in northern euro ... | 2015 | 26291533 |
| predicting potential ranges of primary malaria vectors and malaria in northern south america based on projected changes in climate, land cover and human population. | changes in land use and land cover (lulc) as well as climate are likely to affect the geographic distribution of malaria vectors and parasites in the coming decades. at present, malaria transmission is concentrated mainly in the amazon basin where extensive agriculture, mining, and logging activities have resulted in changes to local and regional hydrology, massive loss of forest cover, and increased contact between malaria vectors and hosts. | 2015 | 26289677 |
| development of resistance to pyrethroid in culex pipiens pallens population under different insecticide selection pressures. | current vector control programs are largely dependent on pyrethroids, which are the most commonly used and only insecticides recommended by the world health organization for insecticide-treated nets (itns). however, the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance worldwide compromises the effectiveness of control programs and threatens public health. since few new insecticide classes for vector control are anticipated, limiting the development of resistance is crucial for prolonging efficacy of pyreth ... | 2015 | 26275298 |
| molecular species identification, host preference and detection of myxoma virus in the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae) in southern england, uk. | determining the host feeding patterns of mosquitoes by identifying the origin of their blood-meals is an important part of understanding the role of vector species in current and future disease transmission cycles. collecting large numbers of blood-fed mosquitoes from the field is difficult, therefore it is important to maximise the information obtained from each specimen. this study aimed to use mosquito genome sequence to identify the species within anopheles maculipennis sensu lato (an. macul ... | 2015 | 26271277 |
| first report outside eastern europe of west nile virus lineage 2 related to the volgograd 2007 strain, northeastern italy, 2014. | west nile virus (wnv) is a flavivirus transmitted to vertebrate hosts by mosquitoes, maintained in nature through an enzootic bird-mosquito cycle. in europe the virus became of major public health and veterinary concern in the 1990s. in italy, wnv re-emerged in 2008, ten years after the previous outbreak and is currently endemic in many areas of the country. in particular, the northeastern part of italy experience continuous viral circulation, with human outbreaks caused by different genovariant ... | 2015 | 26265490 |
| effects of fish cues on mosquito larvae development. | we investigated the effects of predator-released kairomones on life history traits of larval culex pipiens (linnaeus). we compared the development time and survival of sibling larvae, reared in either water conditioned by the presence of gambusia affinis (baird and girard) or fishless control-water. our results indicate that larvae developing in fish-conditioned water (fcw) pupated faster than larvae in fishless-control water. the effect of fcw on larval survival was evident only in females. sur ... | 2015 | 26259816 |
| atp binding cassette transporter mediates both heme and pesticide detoxification in tick midgut cells. | in ticks, the digestion of blood occurs intracellularly and proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin takes place in a dedicated type of lysosome, the digest vesicle, followed by transfer of the heme moiety of hemoglobin to a specialized organelle that accumulates large heme aggregates, called hemosomes. in the present work, we studied the uptake of fluorescent metalloporphyrins, used as heme analogs, and amitraz, one of the most regularly used acaricides to control cattle tick infestations, by rhipic ... | 2015 | 26258982 |
| combining the sterile insect technique with wolbachia-based approaches: ii--a safer approach to aedes albopictus population suppression programmes, designed to minimize the consequences of inadvertent female release. | due to the absence of a perfect method for mosquito sex separation, the combination of the sterile insect technique and the incompatible insect technique is now being considered as a potentially effective method to control aedes albopictus. in this present study first we examine the minimum pupal irradiation dose required to induce complete sterility in wolbachia triple-infected (hc), double-infected (gua) and uninfected (gt) female ae. albopictus. the hc line is a candidate for ae. albopictus p ... | 2015 | 26252474 |
| molecular cloning and functional studies of two kazal-type serine protease inhibitors specifically expressed by nasonia vitripennis venom apparatus. | two cdna sequences of kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (kspis) in nasonia vitripennis, nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2, were characterized and their open reading frames (orfs) were 198 and 264 bp, respectively. both nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 contained a typical kazal-type domain. real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) results revealed that nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 mrnas were mostly detected specifically in the venom apparatus, while they were expressed at lower levels in the ovary and much lower levels in oth ... | 2015 | 26248077 |
| efficacy of two common methods of application of residual insecticide for controlling the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), in urban areas. | after its first introduction in the 1980's the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), has spread throughout southern europe. ae. albopictus is considered an epidemiologically important vector for the transmission of many viral pathogens such as the yellow fever virus, dengue fever and chikungunya fever, as well as several filarial nematodes such as dirofilaria immitis or d. repens. it is therefore crucial to develop measures to reduce the risks of disease transmission by controlling the ... | 2015 | 26248028 |
| how diverse detrital environments influence nutrient stoichiometry between males and females of the co-occurring container mosquitoes aedes albopictus, ae. aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. | allocation patterns of carbon and nitrogen in animals are influenced by food quality and quantity, as well as by inherent metabolic and physiological constraints within organisms. whole body stoichiometry also may vary between the sexes who differ in development rates and reproductive allocation patterns. in aquatic containers, such as tree holes and tires, detrital inputs, which vary in amounts of carbon and nitrogen, form the basis of the mosquito-dominated food web. differences in development ... | 2015 | 26244643 |
| better to be in bad company than to be alone? aedes vectors respond differently to breeding site quality in the presence of others. | this study focuses on two competing species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), both invasive mosquitoes of the new world. context-specific competition between immature forms inside containers seems to be an important determinant of the coexistence or displacement of each species in different regions of the world. here, competition experiments developed at low density (one, two or three larvae) and receiving four different resource food concentration, were designed to test ... | 2015 | 26244511 |
| unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a kenyan wildlife-livestock interface. | the blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are directly linked to the spread of pathogens that they transmit. efficient identification of arthropod vector bloodmeal hosts can identify the diversity of vertebrate species potentially involved in disease transmission cycles. while molecular bloodmeal analyses rely on sequencing of cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase 1 gene pcr products, recently developed bloodmeal host identification based on high resolution melting (hrm) analyses of cyt b pc ... | 2015 | 26230507 |
| the genome of winter moth (operophtera brumata) provides a genomic perspective on sexual dimorphism and phenology. | the winter moth (operophtera brumata) belongs to one of the most species-rich families in lepidoptera, the geometridae (approximately 23,000 species). this family is of great economic importance as most species are herbivorous and capable of defoliating trees. genome assembly of the winter moth allows the study of genes and gene families, such as the cytochrome p450 gene family, which is known to be vital in plant secondary metabolite detoxification and host-plant selection. it also enables expl ... | 2015 | 26227816 |
| west nile virus: high transmission rate in north-western european mosquitoes indicates its epidemic potential and warrants increased surveillance. | west nile virus (wnv) is a highly pathogenic flavivirus transmitted by culex spp. mosquitoes. in north america (na), lineage 1 wnv caused the largest outbreak of neuroinvasive disease to date, while a novel pathogenic lineage 2 strain circulates in southern europe. to estimate wnv lineage 2 epidemic potential it is paramount to know if mosquitoes from currently wnv-free areas can support further spread of this epidemic. | 2015 | 26225555 |
| trypanosomatids in ornithophilic bloodsucking diptera. | trypanosomes are known as widespread blood parasites of birds; however, knowledge of their prevalences in vectors and their overall biodiversity is rather limited. to assess the prevalences in potential vectors, we have microscopically examined ornithophilic bloodsucking diptera (culicidae, simuliidae and hippoboscidae) for the presence of trypanosomatids in their guts. in total, 3270 specimens were dissected, namely culex pipiens linnaeus, 1758 (n = 898), c. modestus ficalbi, 1890 (136), simuli ... | 2015 | 26211924 |
| genotype-specific variation in west nile virus dispersal in california. | west nile virus (wnv) is an arbovirus that was first reported in north america in new york in 1999 and, by 2003, had spread more than 4000 km to california. however, variation in viral genetics associated with spread is not well understood. herein, we report sequences for more than 100 wnv isolates made from mosquito pools that were collected from 2003 to 2011 as part of routine surveillance by the california mosquito-borne virus surveillance system. we performed phylogeographic analyses and dem ... | 2015 | 26210076 |
| experimental host preference of diapause and non-diapause induced culex pipiens pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | culex pipiens pipiens plays an important role in the transmission of several vector-borne pathogens such as west nile virus (wnv) in north america. laboratory and field studies suggest that this species is ornithophilic but because of genetic hybridization with sibling species during the active mosquito season, it may occasionally feed on mammals. adult female cx. p. pipiens undergo a facultative diapause and may serve as an overwintering mechanism for wnv. to determine the effect of diapause on ... | 2015 | 26205410 |
| developmental succession of the microbiome of culex mosquitoes. | the native microflora associated with mosquitoes have important roles in mosquito development and vector competence. sequencing of bacterial v3 region from 16s rrna genes across the developmental stages of culex mosquitoes (early and late larval instars, pupae and adults) was used to test the hypothesis that bacteria found in the larval stage of culex are transstadially transmitted to the adult stage, and to compare the microbiomes of field-collected versus laboratory-reared mosquitoes. | 2015 | 26205080 |
| susceptibility of carrion crows to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 west nile viruses. | west nile virus (wnv) outbreaks in north america have been characterized by substantial die-offs of american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos). in contrast, a low incidence of bird deaths has been observed during wnv epidemic activity in europe. to examine the susceptibility of the western european counterpart of american crows, we inoculated carrion crows (corvus corone) with wnv strains isolated in greece (gr-10), italy (fin and ita09), and hungary (578/10) and with the highly virulent north ameri ... | 0 | 26197093 |
| long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against mosquito bites in outdoor workers. | outdoor exposure to mosquitoes is a risk factor for many diseases, including malaria and dengue. we have previously shown that long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against tick and chigger bites in a double-blind randomized controlled trial in north carolina outdoor workers. here, we evaluated whether this clothing is protective against mosquito bites by measuring changes in antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland extracts. on average, there was a 10-fold increase in titer du ... | 2015 | 26195460 |
| tissue barriers to arbovirus infection in mosquitoes. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulate in nature between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. arboviruses often cause devastating diseases in vertebrate hosts, but they typically do not cause significant pathology in their arthropod vectors. following oral acquisition of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, the arbovirus disease cycle requires replication in the cellular environment of the arthropod vector. once the vector has become systemically and persistently infected, the ... | 2015 | 26184281 |
| use of centers for disease control and prevention gravid trap in catch basins: proof-of-concept trials. | gravid traps are commonly used by mosquito control agencies to collect local populations of culex pipiens, which are then tested for the presence of west nile virus. culex pipiens adults disperse a relatively short distance (~2.5 km) from their breeding site, so it can be challenging to position a sufficient number of gravid traps to accurately monitor these mosquitoes in large urban areas. as placement of these traps is often limited to locations out of public?view, the potential for placing th ... | 2015 | 26181700 |
| operational evaluation of vectomax® wsp (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis+bacillus sphaericus) against larval culex pipiens in septic tanks (1). | the residual effectiveness of vectomax® wsp (a water-soluble pouch formulation containing a combination of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain am65-52 and b. sphaericus strain abts 1743) when applied to septic tanks against 3rd- and 4th-stage larvae of culex pipiens l. was evaluated in this study. this formulation was evaluated at operational application rates of 1 pouch (10 g) and 2 pouches (20 g) per septic tank. both application rates resulted in >96% control of larvae for 24 day ... | 2015 | 26181699 |
| la crosse virus field detection and vector competence of culex mosquitoes. | la crosse virus (lacv), a leading cause of arboviral pediatric encephalitis in the united states, is emerging in appalachia. here, we report field and laboratory evidence that suggest lacv may be using culex mosquitoes as additional vectors in this region. this bunyavirus was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in two pools of culex mosquitoes in southwestern virginia and in six pools in west virginia. to assess vector competence, we offered lacv blood meals to field-coll ... | 2015 | 26175029 |
| in-depth characterization of trypsin-like serine peptidases in the midgut of the sugar fed culex quinquefasciatus. | culex quinquefasciatus is a hematophagous insect from the culicidae family that feeds on the blood of humans, dogs, birds and livestock. this species transmits a wide variety of pathogens between humans and animals. the midgut environment is the first location of pathogen-vector interactions for blood-feeding mosquitoes and the expression of specific peptidases in the early stages of feeding could influence the outcome of the infection. trypsin-like serine peptidases belong to a multi-gene famil ... | 2015 | 26174750 |
| identifying biotic interactions which drive the spatial distribution of a mosquito community. | spatial variation in the risk of many mosquito-borne pathogens is strongly influenced by the distribution of communities of suitable vector mosquitoes. the spatial distributions of such communities have been linked to the abiotic habitat requirements of each constituent mosquito species, but the biotic interactions between mosquitoes and other species are less well understood. determining which fauna restrict the presence and abundance of key mosquito species in vector communities may identify s ... | 2015 | 26170202 |
| laboratory maintenance of the bacterial endosymbiont, neorickettsia sp., through the life cycle of a digenean, plagiorchis elegans. | the digenea (platyhelminthes: trematoda) are a diverse and complex group of internal metazoan parasites. these parasites can serve as hosts to obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus neorickettsia (family: anaplasmataceae). neorickettsiae persist within all stages of the fluke life cycle and thus are maintained through vertical transmission. however, the low prevalence of neorickettsia in nature limits study of their transmission biology at different steps of digenean life cycles. ... | 2015 | 26160679 |
| identifying avian malaria vectors: sampling methods influence outcomes. | the role of vectors in the transmission of avian malaria parasites is currently understudied. many studies that investigate parasite-vector relationships use limited trapping techniques and/or identify potential competent vectors in the field in such ways that cannot distinguish between an infected or infectious vector. without the use of multiple trapping techniques that address the specific biology of diverse mosquito species, and without looking at the infection status of individual mosquitoe ... | 2015 | 26160384 |
| avian malaria: a new lease of life for an old experimental model to study the evolutionary ecology of plasmodium. | avian malaria has historically played an important role as a model in the study of human malaria, being a stimulus for the development of medical parasitology. avian malaria has recently come back to the research scene as a unique animal model to understand the ecology and evolution of the disease, both in the field and in the laboratory. avian malaria is highly prevalent in birds and mosquitoes around the world and is amenable to laboratory experimentation at each stage of the parasite's life c ... | 0 | 26150666 |
| detection of low-level cardinium and wolbachia infections in culicoides. | bacterial endosymbionts have been identified as potentially useful biological control agents for a range of invertebrate vectors of disease. previous studies of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species using conventional pcr assays have provided evidence of wolbachia (1/33) and cardinium (8/33) infections. here, we screened 20 species of culicoides for wolbachia and cardinium, utilizing a combination of conventional pcr and more sensitive quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays. low levels of cardin ... | 2015 | 26150447 |
| a stochastic model to study rift valley fever persistence with different seasonal patterns of vector abundance: new insights on the endemicity in the tropical island of mayotte. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease causing abortion storms in cattle and human epidemics in africa. our aim was to evaluate rvf persistence in a seasonal and isolated population and to apply it to mayotte island (indian ocean), where the virus was still silently circulating four years after its last known introduction in 2007. we proposed a stochastic model to estimate rvf persistence over several years and under four seasonal patterns of vector abundance. firstly, the mo ... | 2015 | 26147799 |
| cockroach, tick, storage mite and other arthropod allergies: where do we stand with molecular allergy diagnostics?: part 15 of the series molecular allergology. | arthropods form a broad phylum within the animal kingdom, comprising widely varying members such as insects, arachnids, crabs and centipedes. in addition to common allergies to house dust mites or hymenoptera venom, there are also rarer allergies that can be attributed to three major sources of allergens: cockroaches, ticks and storage mites. other less known allergen sources include spiders, mosquitos, horseflies, red chironomid larvae, silverfish and ladybugs, as well as a variety of storage p ... | 2014 | 26146603 |
| current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the uk. | non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into europe, and are now established in many european countries. the continued european importation of potential vectors and their expansion within europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the uk. coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. | 2015 | 26122427 |
| resistance mechanisms of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to temephos. | anopheles stephensi is a sub-tropical species and has been considered as one of the most important vector of human malaria throughout the middle east and south asian region including the malarious areas of southern iran. current reports confirmed an. stephensi resistance to temephos in oman and india. however, there is no comprehensive research on mechanisms of temephos resistance in an. stephensi in the literature. this study was designed in order to clarify the enzymatic and molecular mechanis ... | 2014 | 26114145 |
| the fauna and ecology of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in western iran. | the aim of this study was to obtain new data which would be valuable to develop programs for future planning of mosquito controls in in western iran. | 2014 | 26114143 |
| susceptibility of culicidae mosquitoes to some insecticides recommended by who in a malaria endemic area of southeastern iran. | according to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the culicidae mosquitoes to the who-recommended insecticides in an endemic focus of malaria in southeastern iran. | 2014 | 26114141 |
| assessing the susceptibility status of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in a dirofilariasis focus, northwestern iran. | mosquitoes are considered as the vectors of dirofilariasis and some vector borne disease in iran. the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility level of the vectors to various insecticides recommended by who for any control measures in an endemic area in northwestern iran. | 2014 | 26114140 |
| mosquito fauna (diptera: culicidae) of hamedan county, western iran. | this study aimed to identify and determine the larval and adult mosquitoes (culicidae) fauna in hamedan county, western iran. | 2014 | 26114135 |
| differential larval toxicity and oviposition altering activity of some indigenous plant extracts against dengue and chikungunya vector aedes albopictus. | mosquitoes are well known as vectors of several disease causing pathogens. the extensive use of synthetic insecticides in the mosquito control strategies resulted to the development of pesticide resistance and fostered environmental deterioration. hence in recent years plants become alternative source of mosquito control agents. the present study assessed the larvicidal and oviposition altering activity of six different plants species-alstonia scholaris, callistemon viminalis, hyptis suaveolens, ... | 2014 | 26114131 |
| fauna and larval habitats of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) of west azerbaijan province, northwestern iran. | several important diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes. despite of the potential of the occurrence of some mosquito-borne diseases such as west nile, dirofilariasis and malaria in the region, there is no recent study of mosquitoes in west azerbaijan province. the aim of this investigation was to study the fauna, composition and distribution of mosquitoes and the characteristics of their larval habitats in this province. | 2014 | 26114130 |
| the impact of selection with diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the fitness of two brazilian aedes aegypti field populations. | several aedes aegypti field populations are resistant to neurotoxic insecticides, mainly organophoshates and pyrethroids, which are extensively used as larvicides and adulticides, respectively. diflubenzuron (dfb), a chitin synthesis inhibitor (csi), was recently approved for use in drinking water, and is presently employed in brazil for ae. aegypti control, against populations resistant to the organophosphate temephos. however, tests of dfb efficacy against field ae. aegypti populations are lac ... | 2015 | 26107715 |
| phylogeography of the coastal mosquito aedes togoi across climatic zones: testing an anthropogenic dispersal hypothesis. | the coastal mosquito aedes togoi occurs more or less continuously from subarctic to subtropic zones along the coasts of the japanese islands and the east asian mainland. it occurs also in tropical southeast asia and the north american pacific coast, and the populations there are thought to have been introduced from japan by ship. to test this hypothesis, the genetic divergence among geographic populations of a. togoi was studied using one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene sequences. we detect ... | 2015 | 26107619 |
| paratransgenesis: a promising new strategy for mosquito vector control. | the three main mosquito genera, anopheles, aedes and culex, transmit respectively malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis. current mosquito control strategies have proved unsuccessful, and there still is a substantial number of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. genetic control methods have now arisen as promising alternative strategies, based on two approaches: the replacement of a vector population by disease-refractory mosquitoes and the release of mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene ... | 2015 | 26104575 |
| contributions of temporal segregation, oviposition choice, and non-additive effects of competitors to invasion success of aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in north america. | the mosquito aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly through north america since its introduction in the 1990s. the mechanisms underlying its establishment in container communities occupied by competitors aedes triseriatus and aedes albopictus are unclear. possibilities include (a) temporal separation of a. japonicus from other aedes, (b) oviposition avoidance by a. japonicus of sites containing heterospecific aedes larvae, and (c) non-additive competitive effects in assemblages ... | 0 | 26101466 |
| morphological and fecundity traits of culex mosquitoes caught in gravid traps in urban and rural berkshire, uk. | culex pipiens s.l. is one of the primary vectors of west nile virus in the usa and continental europe. the seasonal abundance and eco-behavioural characteristics of the typical form, cx. pipiens pipiens, make it a key putative vector in britain. surveillance of culex larvae and adults is essential to detect any changes to spatial and seasonal activity or morphological traits that may increase the risk of disease transmission. here we report the use of the modified reiter gravid box trap, which i ... | 2015 | 26095762 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pre-diapause and non-diapause eggs of migratory locust, locusta migratoria l. (orthoptera: acridoidea). | low temperature induces diapause in locusts. however, the physiological processes and initiation mechanism of diapause are not well understood. to understand the molecular basis of diapause, 'omics' analyses were performed to examine the differences between diapause and non-diapause eggs at both transcriptional and translational levels. results indicated that a total of 62,241 mrnas and 212 proteins were differentially expressed. among them, 116 transcripts had concurrent transcription and trans ... | 2015 | 26091374 |
| the role of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia in dipetalogaster maxima (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of chagas' disease. | in this work, we have investigated the involvement of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia of dipetalogaster maxima, a hematophagous insect vector of chagas' disease. for the studies, fat bodies, ovaries and hemolymph were sampled from anautogenous females at representative days of the reproductive cycle: pre-vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis as well as early and late atresia. real time pcr (qpcr) and western blot assays showed that dmcatd ... | 2015 | 26091289 |
| the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen terminates egg diapause in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is a highly invasive mosquito species that transmits chikungunya and dengue. this species overwinters as diapausing eggs in temperate climates. early diapause termination may be a beneficial strategy for winter mosquito control; however, a mechanism to terminate the diapause process using chemicals is not known. we tested the hypothesis that a hormonal imbalance caused by the administration of juvenile hormone analog would terminate egg diapause in a. ... | 2015 | 26090954 |
| landscape effects on the presence, abundance and diversity of mosquitoes in mediterranean wetlands. | environment determines the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases in that it influences the vector-host-pathogen transmission cycle, including vector distribution, abundance and diversity. in this study, we analyse the relationship between environmental variables estimated by remote sensing and the spatial distribution (presence, abundance and diversity) of seven mosquito species vectors of west nile and other pathogens (usutu, avian malaria and dirofilariasis) in the doñana natural park, spain ... | 2015 | 26086804 |
| evolutionary genomics of culex pipiens: global and local adaptations associated with climate, life-history traits and anthropogenic factors. | we present the first genome-wide study of recent evolution in culex pipiens species complex focusing on the genomic extent, functional targets and likely causes of global and local adaptations. we resequenced pooled samples of six populations of c. pipiens and two populations of the outgroup culex torrentium. we used principal component analysis to systematically study differential natural selection across populations and developed a phylogenetic scanning method to analyse admixture without hapl ... | 0 | 26085592 |
| larvicidal activity of magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species. | anopheles sinensis, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and west nile virus diseases respectively. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate (md-shd) and four experimental md-shd liquid formulations (10-50 mg l(-1) liquid) to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible cx. p. pallens and ae. aegypti as well as wild ae. albopictus and an. sinensis. | 2016 | 26085316 |
| autochthonous chikungunya transmission and extreme climate events in southern france. | extreme precipitation events are increasing as a result of ongoing global warming, but controversy surrounds the relationship between flooding and mosquito-borne diseases. a common view among the scientific community and public health officers is that heavy rainfalls have a flushing effect on breeding sites, which negatively affects vector populations, thereby diminishing disease transmission. during 2014 in montpellier, france, there were at least 11 autochthonous cases of chikungunya caused by ... | 2015 | 26079620 |
| identification and knockdown of the olfactory receptor (orco) in gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, is an important economic pest that causes large-scale damage to forests worldwide. because of its important role in initiating and controlling insect behavior, olfaction-and olfaction-based pest management-has drawn increasing attention from entomologists. in this study, we identified the gene that encodes the olfactory receptor co-receptor (orco). through amino acid sequence alignment, we found that ldisorco shares high identity with other orco proteins from di ... | 2015 | 26078719 |
| asymmetric effects of native and exotic invasive shrubs on ecology of the west nile virus vector culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | exotic invasive plants alter the structure and function of native ecosystems and may influence the distribution and abundance of arthropod disease vectors by modifying habitat quality. this study investigated how invasive plants alter the ecology of culex pipiens, an important vector of west nile virus (wnv) in northeastern and midwestern regions of the united states. | 2015 | 26076589 |
| revisiting classic clines in drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics. | adaptation to spatially varying environments has been studied for decades, but advances in sequencing technology are now enabling researchers to investigate the landscape of genetic variation underlying this adaptation genome wide. in this review we highlight some of the decades-long research on local adaptation in drosophila melanogaster from well-studied clines in north america and australia. we explore the evidence for parallel adaptation and identify commonalities in the genes responding to ... | 2015 | 26072452 |
| relationship between insecticide resistance and kdr mutations in the dengue vector aedes aegypti in southern china. | aedes aegypti is an important vector for dengue virus and thus has been targeted with pyrethroid insecticides in many areas of the world. as such, resistance has been detected to several of these insecticides, including in china, but the mechanisms of the resistance are not well understood in this country. | 2015 | 26068925 |
| seasonal gene expression kinetics between diapause phases in drosophila virilis group species and overwintering differences between diapausing and non-diapausing females. | most northern insect species experience a period of developmental arrest, diapause, which enables them to survive over the winter and postpone reproduction until favorable conditions. we studied the timing of reproductive diapause and its long-term effects on the cold tolerance of drosophila montana, d. littoralis and d. ezoana females in seasonally varying environmental conditions. at the same time we traced expression levels of 219 genes in d. montana using a custom-made microarray. we show th ... | 2015 | 26063442 |
| characterization of the doublesex gene within the culex pipiens complex suggests regulatory plasticity at the base of the mosquito sex determination cascade. | the doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation of many metazoan species, including the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae and the dengue and yellow fever vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). as in other studied dipteran dsx homologs, the gene maintains functionality via evolutionarily conserved protein domains and sex-specific alternative splicing. the upstream factors that regulate splicing of dsx and the manner in which they do so however remain variable even among closely re ... | 2015 | 26058583 |
| negeviruses found in multiple species of mosquitoes from southern portugal: isolation, genetic diversity, and replication in insect cell culture. | in this report, an rt-pcr approach based on the use of degenerate primers allowed the identification of negeviruses in four different species of mosquitoes (ochlerotatus caspius, culex pipiens, cx. theileri and cx. univittatus) collected in southern portugal. the genomes of two of these viruses, sequenced to full completion, were shown to encode all the proteins encoded by previously described negeviruses. one of these viruses induces exuberant cytopathic effect in insect cell culture, with no o ... | 2015 | 26057025 |
| a standard cytogenetic map of culex quinquefasciatus polytene chromosomes in application for fine-scale physical mapping. | southern house mosquito culex quinquefasciatus belongs to the c. pipiens cryptic species complex, with global distribution and unclear taxonomy. mosquitoes of the complex can transmit human and animal pathogens, such as filarial worm, west nile virus and avian malarial plasmodium. physical gene mapping is crucial to understanding genome organization, function, and systematic relationships of cryptic species, and is a basis for developing new vector control strategies. however, physical mapping w ... | 2015 | 26048143 |
| trapping biases of culex torrentium and culex pipiens revealed by comparison of captures in cdc traps, ovitraps, and gravid traps. | we evaluate three trapping methods for their effectiveness at capturing culex pipiens and culex torrentium, both enzootic vectors of bird-associated viruses in europe. the comparisons, performed in two regions in sweden, were among cdc traps baited with carbon dioxide, gravid traps, and ovitraps baited with hay infusion. the proportions of the two culex species in a catch differed between trap types, with cdc traps catching a lower proportion of cx. torrentium than both gravid traps and ovitraps ... | 2015 | 26047196 |
| carboxylesterase-mediated insecticide resistance: quantitative increase induces broader metabolic resistance than qualitative change. | carboxylesterases are mainly involved in the mediation of metabolic resistance of many insects to organophosphate (op) insecticides. carboxylesterases underwent two divergent evolutionary events: (1) quantitative mechanism characterized by the overproduction of carboxylesterase protein; and (2) qualitative mechanism caused by changes in enzymatic properties because of mutation from glycine/alanine to aspartate at the 151 site (g/a151d) or from tryptophan to leucine at the 271 site (w271l), follo ... | 2015 | 26047115 |
| the genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of the world. this phytotoxic aphid causes severe systemic damage symptoms in wheat, barley, and other small grains as a direct result of the salivary proteins it injects into the plant while feeding. | 2015 | 26044338 |
| transmission of a pathogenic virus (iridoviridae) of culex pipiens larvae mediated by the mermithid strelkovimermis spiculatus (nematoda). | little progress been made in elucidating the transmission pathway of the invertebrate iridescent virus (miv). it has been proposed that the miv has no active means to enter the mosquito larva. we have previously found that the presence of the mermithid nematode strelkovimermis spiculatus is associated with miv infection in culex pipiens under field conditions. in the present study, we evaluated the transmission of miv to c. pipiens larvae mediated by s. spiculatus and several factors involved in ... | 2015 | 26031563 |
| west nile virus circulation in south-eastern romania, 2011 to 2013. | lineage 2 west nile virus (wnv), previously found only in sub-saharan africa and madagascar, was identified in hungary in 2004 and has rapidly expanded in europe in the past decade. following a significant outbreak of west nile fever with neurological cases caused by lineage 1 wnv in romania in 1996, scattered cases have been recorded in the south-east of the country in each transmission season. another outbreak, affecting a larger area and caused by lineage 2 wnv, was recorded in 2010. we analy ... | 2015 | 26027486 |
| the baculovirus antiapoptotic p35 protein functions as an inhibitor of the host rna interference antiviral response. | rna interference (rnai) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. virus infections generate double-strand rnas (dsrnas) that trigger the rnai machinery to process dsrnas into virus-derived short interfering rnas (vsirnas), which target virus genomes, mrnas, or replication intermediates. viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of rnai (vsrs) to counter host antiviral rnai. following recent discoveries that insects mount an rnai response against d ... | 2015 | 26018163 |
| distribution and diversity of the vectors of rift valley fever along the livestock movement routes in the northeastern and coastal regions of kenya. | knowledge of vector ecology is important in understanding the transmission dynamics of vector borne disease. in this study, we determined the distribution and diversity of mosquitoes along the major nomadic livestock movement routes (lmr) in the traditional pastoral ecozone of northeastern kenya. we focused on the vectors of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) with the aim of understanding their ecology and how they can potentially influence the circulation of rvfv. | 2015 | 26018134 |
| toxicity of some plant extracts against vector of lymphatic filariasis, culex pipiens. | many insecticides are generally used as larvicides to control culex pipiens, vector of lymphatic filariasis. this study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal activity of some potential larvicidal plants extracts against c. pipiens larvae. the toxic effects of both ethanolic and petroleum ether plant extracts were evaluated under laboratory conditions against 3rd instar larvae of c. pipiens. forty ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of 10 plants namely echinochloa stagninum, phragmites aus ... | 2015 | 26012233 |
| efficiency of colocasia esculenta leaves extract and histopathological effects on culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | this study evaluated the toxicity of colocasia esculenta leaves extract on 3rd, 4th instars larvae and pupae of culex pipiens. bioassays showed that the 3rd instar larvae was the most susceptible to the different concentrations of extract, where the lc50 after 48 hr. post-exposure was 79.41, 109.65 & 141.25 for the 3rd, 4th instars larvae and pupal stage respectively. the histo-pathological effects of c. esculenta leaves extract on midgut regions and gastric caeca of the 3rd instar larvae were s ... | 2015 | 26012222 |
| the expanding implications of polyploidy. | polyploid cells, which contain more than two genome copies, occur throughout nature. beyond well-established roles in increasing cell size/metabolic output, polyploidy can also promote nonuniform genome, transcriptome, and metabolome alterations. polyploidy also frequently confers resistance to environmental stresses not tolerated by diploid cells. recent progress has begun to unravel how this fascinating phenomenon contributes to normal physiology and disease. | 0 | 26008741 |
| asymmetric mating interference between two related mosquito species: aedes (stegomyia) albopictus and aedes (stegomyia) cretinus. | aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) and aedes (stegomyia) cretinus edwards are closely related mosquito species with common morphological features and bio-ecological similarities. recent mosquito surveillance in athens, greece, showed that they are sympatric mosquito species, with ae. albopictus [corrected] developing quite higher population densities than ae. cretinus [corrected] . the potential of mating interference between these species was investigated by reciprocal and homologous mating e ... | 2015 | 26001099 |
| transcriptome profiling and genetic study reveal amplified carboxylesterase genes implicated in temephos resistance, in the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. | the control of aedes albopictus, a major vector for viral diseases, such as dengue fever and chikungunya, has been largely reliant on the use of the larvicide temephos for many decades. this insecticide remains a primary control tool for several countries and it is a potential reliable reserve, for emergency epidemics or new invasion cases, in regions such as europe which have banned its use. resistance to temephos has been detected in some regions, but the mechanism responsible for the trait ha ... | 2015 | 26000638 |
| apterous a modulates wing size, bristle formation and patterning in nilaparvata lugens. | apterous a (apa), a member of the lim-homeobox gene family, plays a critical role in the development of wing. the achaete-scute complex (as-c) encodes basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors and functions in bristle development. in the present study, we cloned apa (nlapa) and an achaete-scute homologue (nlash) from n. lugens. levels of nlapa and nlash were higher in nymphs than adults, with particularly high expression in the thorax of nymphs. nlapa expressed more highly in nymphs of ... | 2015 | 25995006 |
| basophil activation by mosquito extracts in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites. | hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (hmb) is a cutaneous disorder belonging to the group of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated t/natural killer (nk)-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, and is primarily mediated by ebv-infected nk cells. it is characterized by intense local skin reactions accompanied by general symptoms after mosquito bites, and infiltration of ebv-infected nk cells into the bite sites. however, the mechanisms underlying these reactions have not been fully examined. we recently de ... | 2015 | 25990049 |
| orthobunyavirus antibodies among humans in selected parts of the rift valley and northeastern kenya. | ngari, bunyamwera, ilesha, and germiston viruses are among the mosquito-borne human pathogens in the orthobunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae, associated with febrile illness. although the four orthobunyaviruses have been isolated from mosquito and/or tick vectors sampled from different geographic regions in kenya, little is known of human exposure in such areas. we conducted a serologic investigation to determine whether orthobunyaviruses commonly infect humans in kenya. orthobunyavirus-speci ... | 0 | 25988444 |
| observed loss and ineffectiveness of mosquito larvicides applied to catch basins in the northern suburbs of chicago il, 2014. | in the northeastern part of the greater chicago metropolitan area, the north shore mosquito abatement district (nsmad) treats approximately 50,000 catch basins each season with larvicide tablets as part of its effort to reduce local populations of the west nile virus (wnv) vector culex pipiens. during the 2014 season, an nsmad technician monitored a subset of 60-195 basins weekly for 18 weeks among the communities of the district for the presence of mosquitoes. monitoring found no clear evidence ... | 2015 | 25987841 |
| pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens mosquitoes. | mosquitoes within the culex pipiens complex are widely distributed and important in the transmission of many human diseases. insecticides, pyrethroids in particular, remain a mainstay for control of these important vectors. in this paper we review what is known about the levels, mechanisms and fitness costs of pyrethroid resistance in cx. pipiens. pyrethroid resistance in cx. pipiens is a global problem, and resistance ratios of up to 7000-fold have been found in larvae of field collected mosqui ... | 2015 | 25987223 |
| mutual exclusion of asaia and wolbachia in the reproductive organs of mosquito vectors. | wolbachia is a group of intracellular maternally inherited bacteria infecting a high number of arthropod species. their presence in different mosquito species has been largely described, but aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue virus, has never been found naturally infected by wolbachia. similarly, malaria vectors and other anophelines are normally negative to wolbachia, with the exception of an african population where these bacteria have recently been detected. asaia is an acetic acid bact ... | 2015 | 25981386 |
| chromosome-directed pcr-based detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group members with focus on b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis active against nematoceran larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is a wide-spread soil bacterium affiliated with the b. cereus group (bcg) and is widely used in biocontrol products applied against mosquito and black fly larvae. for monitoring and quantification of applied b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and its effect on indigenous b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and bcg assemblages, efficient and reliable tools are essential. the abundance and properties of b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains in t ... | 2015 | 25979887 |
| [isolation and identification of mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city, shanxi province, 2012]. | to investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city of shanxi province, china. | 2015 | 25975552 |
| coffee and its waste repel gravid aedes albopictus females and inhibit the development of their embryos. | dengue is a prevalent arboviral disease and the development of insecticide resistance among its vectors impedes endeavors to control it. coffee is drunk by millions of people daily worldwide, which is associated with the discarding of large amounts of waste. coffee and its waste contain large amounts of chemicals many of which are highly toxic and none of which have a history of resistance in mosquitoes. once in solution, coffee is brownish in colour, resembling leaf infusion, which is highly at ... | 2015 | 25966847 |
| comparing competitive fitness of west nile virus strains in avian and mosquito hosts. | enzootic transmission of west nile virus (wnv; flaviviridae, flavivirus) involves various species of birds and ornithophilic mosquitoes. single nucleotide substitutions in the wnv genome may impact viral fitness necessary for wnv adaptation and evolution as previously shown for the wn02 genotype. in an effort to study phenotypic change, we developed an in vivo fitness competition model in two biologically relevant hosts for wnv. the house finch (hofi; haemorhous mexicanus) and culex tarsalis mos ... | 2015 | 25965850 |
| video studies of passage by anopheles gambiae mosquitoes through holes in a simulated bed net: effects of hole size, hole orientation and net environment. | holes in netting provide potential routes for mosquitoes to enter itns. despite this, there is little information on how mosquitoes respond to holes in bed nets and how their responses are affected by hole size, shape and orientation or by ambient conditions around the net. | 2015 | 25962596 |