Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| common epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria, africa. | this study aimed to compare the epidemiology of rickettsia felis infection and malaria in france, north africa, and sub-saharan africa and to identify a common vector. blood specimens from 3,122 febrile patients and from 500 nonfebrile persons were analyzed for r. felis and plasmodium spp. we observed a significant linear trend (p<0.0001) of increasing risk for r. felis infection. the risks were lowest in france, tunisia, and algeria (1%), and highest in rural senegal (15%). co-infections with r ... | 0 | 24188709 |
| application of a reverse dot blot dna-dna hydridization method to quantify host-feeding tendencies of two sibling species in the anopheles gambiae complex. | a dna-dna hybridization method, reverse dot blot analysis (rdba), was used to identify anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) hosts. of 299 blood-fed and semi-gravid an. gambiae s.l. collected from kisian, kenya, 244 individuals were identifiable to species; of these, 69.5% were an. arabiensis and 29.5% were an. gambiae s.s. host identifications with rdba were comparable with those of conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by direct sequencing of ampl ... | 2013 | 24188164 |
| sugar-source preference, sugar intake and relative nutritional benefits in anopheles arabiensis males. | plant-derived sugar is the only source of dietary carbohydrate for males of most mosquito species. male resource acquisition and utilization remain an under-researched area of behavior in vectors of human diseases. however, the renewed interest in the use of sterile males against disease vector mosquitoes reinforces the urgent need for studies on the behavioral and ecological processes that underpin male fitness and reproductive success. here an attempt was made first to characterize the conditi ... | 2014 | 24184355 |
| antennal transcriptome profiles of anopheline mosquitoes reveal human host olfactory specialization in anopheles gambiae. | two sibling members of the anopheles gambiae species complex display notable differences in female blood meal preferences. an. gambiae s.s. has a well-documented preference for feeding upon human hosts, whereas an. quadriannulatus feeds on vertebrate/mammalian hosts, with only opportunistic feeding upon humans. because mosquito host-seeking behaviors are largely driven by the sensory modality of olfaction, we hypothesized that hallmarks of these divergent host seeking phenotypes will be in evide ... | 2013 | 24182346 |
| monitoring malaria vector control interventions: effectiveness of five different adult mosquito sampling methods. | long-term success of ongoing malaria control efforts based on mosquito bed nets (long-lasting insecticidal net) and indoor residual spraying is dependent on continuous monitoring of mosquito vectors, and thus on effective mosquito sampling tools. the objective of our study was to identify the most efficient mosquito sampling tool(s) for routine vector surveillance for malaria and lymphatic filariasis transmission in coastal kenya. we evaluated relative efficacy of five collection methods--light ... | 0 | 24180120 |
| malaria control in south sudan, 2006-2013: strategies, progress and challenges. | south sudan has borne the brunt of years of chronic warfare and probably has the highest malaria burden in sub-saharan africa. however, effective malaria control in post-conflict settings is hampered by a multiplicity of challenges. this manuscript reports on the strategies, progress and challenges of malaria control in south sudan and serves as an example epitome for programmes operating in similar environments and provides a window for leveraging resources. | 2013 | 24160336 |
| the efficacy of long-lasting nets with declining physical integrity may be compromised in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (llins) are a primary malaria prevention strategy in sub-saharan africa. however, emergence of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of llins. | 2013 | 24156715 |
| divergence in threat sensitivity among aquatic larvae of cryptic mosquito species. | predation is a major evolutionary force driving speciation. the threat-sensitive response hypothesis predicts that prey adjust and balance the time spent on a costly antipredator response with other activities that enhance their fitness. thus, prey able to develop an antipredator response proportional to risk intensity should have a selective advantage. knowledge on how evolution has shaped threat sensitivity among closely related species exposed to different predation pressures is scarce, promp ... | 2014 | 24138173 |
| water vapour is a pre-oviposition attractant for the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | to date no semiochemicals affecting the pre-oviposition behaviour of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu lato have been described. water vapour must be the major chemical signal emanating from a potential larval habitat, and although one might expect that gravid an. gambiae s.l. detect and respond to water vapour in their search for an aquatic habitat, this has never been experimentally confirmed for this species. this study aimed to investigate the role of relative humidity or water vapo ... | 2013 | 24120083 |
| human impacts have shaped historical and recent evolution in aedes aegypti, the dengue and yellow fever mosquito. | although anthropogenic impacts are often considered harmful to species, human modifications to the landscape can actually create novel niches to which other species can adapt. these "domestication" processes are especially important in the context of arthropod disease vectors, where ecological overlap of vector and human populations may lead to epidemics. here, we present results of a global genetic study of one such species, the dengue and yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, whose evolutionar ... | 2013 | 24111703 |
| distribution of erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (eba-175) gene dimorphic alleles in plasmodium falciparum field isolates from sudan. | the erythrocyte binding antigen (eba) 175 has been considered as one of the most important plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum) merozoite ligands that mediate invasion of the erythrocytes through their sialated receptor: glycophorin a (gpa). the effect of the eba 175 dimorphic alleles (f and c) on the severity of the disease is not yet fully understood. therefore this study was designed to assess the distribution of the divergent dimorphic alleles of p. falciparum eba-175 (f and c) in three dif ... | 2013 | 24103447 |
| in silico identification of a candidate synthetic peptide (tsgf118-43) to monitor human exposure to tsetse flies in west africa. | the analysis of humoral responses directed against the saliva of blood-sucking arthropods was shown to provide epidemiological biomarkers of human exposure to vector-borne diseases. however, the use of whole saliva as antigen presents several limitations such as problems of mass production, reproducibility and specificity. the aim of this study was to design a specific biomarker of exposure to tsetse flies based on the in silico analysis of three glossina salivary proteins (ada, ag5 and tsgf1) p ... | 2013 | 24086785 |
| agro-ecosystems impact malaria prevalence: large-scale irrigation drives vector population in western ethiopia. | development strategies in ethiopia have largely focused on the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the last decade to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. however, such irrigation schemes can worsen the socio-economic state by aggravating the problem of mosquito-borne diseases. in this study, the effect of agro-ecosystem practices on malaria prevalence and the risk of malaria transmission by the primary vector mosquito, anopheles arabiensis, in ethiopia were investigated. | 2013 | 24083353 |
| mapping malaria transmission intensity in malawi, 2000-2010. | substantial development assistance has been directed towards reducing the high malaria burden in malawi over the past decade. we assessed changes in transmission over this period of malaria control scale-up by compiling community plasmodium falciparum rate (pfpr) data during 2000-2011 and used model-based geostatistical methods to predict mean pfpr2-10 in 2000, 2005, and 2010. in addition, we calculated population-adjusted prevalences and populations at risk by district to inform malaria control ... | 2013 | 24062477 |
| declining burden of malaria over two decades in a rural community of muheza district, north-eastern tanzania. | the recently reported declining burden of malaria in some african countries has been attributed to scaling-up of different interventions although in some areas, these changes started before implementation of major interventions. this study assessed the long-term trends of malaria burden for 20 years (1992-2012) in magoda and for 15 years in mpapayu village of muheza district, north-eastern tanzania, in relation to different interventions as well as changing national malaria control policies. | 2013 | 24053121 |
| the effect of screening doors and windows on indoor density of anopheles arabiensis in south-west ethiopia: a randomized trial. | screening of houses might have impact on density of indoor host-seeking anopheles mosquitoes. a randomized trial of screening windows and doors with metal mesh, and closing openings on eves and walls by mud was conducted to assess if reduce indoor densities of biting mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24028542 |
| effects of drying eggs and egg storage on hatchability and development of anopheles arabiensis. | the mass rearing of insects requires a large colony from which individuals can be harvested for sterilization and release. attention is given to larval food requirements and to handling and rearing conditions to ensure predictability and synchrony of development. maximizing production requires optimized adult holding to ensure mating success, blood feeding and oviposition. appropriate egg storage and harvesting is necessary to compensate any unpredicted reduction in egg production. | 2013 | 24028497 |
| diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
| testing fungus impregnated cloths for the control of adult aedes aegypti under natural conditions. | entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti. here the efficiency of fungus (metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [imi]) was evaluated against adult a. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. | 2013 | 24010874 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection during dry season: igg responses to anopheles gambiae salivary gsg6-p1 peptide as sensitive biomarker for malaria risk in northern senegal. | the northern part of senegal is characterized by a low and seasonal transmission of malaria. however, some plasmodium falciparum infections and malaria clinical cases are reported during the dry season. this study aims to assess the relationship between igg antibody (ab) responses to gsg6-p1 mosquito salivary peptide and the prevalence of p. falciparum infection in children during the dry season in the senegal river valley. the positive association of the ab response to gsg6-p1, as biomarker of ... | 2013 | 23988032 |
| anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (carassius auratus auratus). | the sterile insect technique (sit) is a biological control tactic that is used as a component of area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) programs. the sit can only be applied against disease-transmitting mosquitoes when only sterile male mosquitoes are released, and the blood-sucking and potentially disease-transmitting females are eliminated from the production line. for anopheles arabiensis, a potent vector of malaria, a genetic sexing strain was developed whereby females can be eliminat ... | 2013 | 23983078 |
| impact of community-based larviciding on the prevalence of malaria infection in dar es salaam, tanzania. | the use of larval source management is not prioritized by contemporary malaria control programs in sub-saharan africa despite historical success. larviciding, in particular, could be effective in urban areas where transmission is focal and accessibility to anopheles breeding habitats is generally easier than in rural settings. the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a community-based microbial larviciding intervention to reduce the prevalence of malaria infection in dar es ... | 2013 | 23977099 |
| quantifying the mosquito's sweet tooth: modelling the effectiveness of attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) for malaria vector control. | current vector control strategies focus largely on indoor measures, such as long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs); however mosquitoes frequently feed on sugar sources outdoors, inviting the possibility of novel control strategies. attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb), either sprayed on vegetation or provided in outdoor bait stations, have been shown to significantly reduce mosquito densities in these settings. | 2013 | 23968494 |
| efficacy of leaves extract of calotropis procera ait. (asclepiadaceae) in controlling anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. | the present study aimed to investigate, the larvicidal, adult emergence inhibition and oviposition deterrent activity of aqueous leaves extract of calotropis procera against anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus as natural mosquito larvicide. the larvicidal activity was monitored against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of each mosquito species 24 h post-treatment. adult emergence inhibition activity was tested by exposing 3rd instar larvae of each mosquito species to different concentra ... | 0 | 23961048 |
| efficiency of household reactive case detection for malaria in rural southern zambia: simulations based on cross-sectional surveys from two epidemiological settings. | case detection and treatment are critical to malaria control and elimination as infected individuals who do not seek medical care can serve as persistent reservoirs for transmission. | 2013 | 23940677 |
| ddt and pyrethroid resistance in anopheles arabiensis from south africa. | pyrethroid resistance has been well documented in anopheles arabiensis, one of the major african malaria vectors, and the predominant malaria vector in south africa. | 2013 | 23924547 |
| in-vivo parasitological response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnant women in southern malawi. | malaria in pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. malawi adopted intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (sp) for the control of malaria in pregnancy in 1993. however there is little information on the in-vivo sp efficacy in pregnant women. this study was conducted to determine: prevalence of malaria and anaemia at the first antenatal visit and rate of parasitological failure to sp in pregnancy. | 0 | 23878625 |
| entomologic inoculation rates of anopheles arabiensis in southwestern ethiopia. | we collected anophelines every second week for one year from randomly selected houses in southwestern ethiopia by using centers for disease control (cdc) light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, and artificial pit shelter constructions to detect circumsporozoite proteins and estimate entomologic inoculation rates (eirs). of 3,678 anopheles arabiensis tested for circumsporozoite proteins, 11 were positive for plasmodium falciparum and three for p. vivax. the estimated annual p. falciparum eir of an. ... | 2013 | 23878184 |
| modest additive effects of integrated vector control measures on malaria prevalence and transmission in western kenya. | the effect of integrating vector larval intervention on malaria transmission is unknown when insecticide-treated bed-net (itn) coverage is very high, and the optimal indicator for intervention evaluation needs to be determined when transmission is low. | 2013 | 23870708 |
| anospex: a stochastic, spatially explicit model for studying anopheles metapopulation dynamics. | anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria, a major public health problem among many african countries. one of the most effective methods to control malaria is by controlling the anopheles mosquito vectors that transmit the parasites. mathematical models have both predictive and explorative utility to investigate the pros and cons of different malaria control strategies. we have developed a c++ based, stochastic spatially explicit model (anospex; ano pheles spatially-explicit) to simulate anopheles m ... | 2013 | 23861847 |
| the suitability of p. falciparum merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 as genetic markers for in vivo drug trials in yemen. | the accuracy of the conclusions from in vivo efficacy anti-malarial drug trials depends on distinguishing between recrudescences and re-infections which is accomplished by genotyping genes coding p. falciparum merozoite surface 1 (msp1) and msp2. however, the reliability of the pcr analysis depends on the genetic markers' allelic diversity and variant frequency. in this study the genetic diversity of the genes coding for msp1 and msp2 was obtained for p. falciparum parasites circulating in yemen ... | 2013 | 23861823 |
| colonized aedes albopictus and its sexual performance in the wild: implications for sit technology and containment. | mating is a physiological process of crucial importance underlying the size and maintenance of mosquito populations. in sterile and incompatible insect technologies (sit and iit), mating is essential for mass production, persistence, and success of released individuals, and is a central parameter for judging the effectiveness of sit/iit programs. some mosquitoes have an enormous reproductive potential for both themselves and pathogens and mating may contribute to persistence of infection in natu ... | 2013 | 23856274 |
| plasmodium vivax associated severe malaria complications among children in some malaria endemic areas of ethiopia. | although, plasmodium vivax is a rare parasite in most parts of africa, it has significant public health importance in ethiopia. in some parts of the country, it is responsible for majority of malaria associated morbidity. recently severe life threatening malaria syndromes, frequently associated to p. falciparum, has been reported from p. vivax mono-infections. this prompted designing of the current study to assess prevalence of severe malaria complications related to p. vivax malaria in ethiopia ... | 2013 | 23834734 |
| eliminating female anopheles arabiensis by spiking blood meals with toxicants as a sex separation method in the context of the sterile insect technique. | ivermectin has longevity reducing effects in several insect species, including disease transmitting mosquitoes after feeding on hosts that have received ivermectin treatment. this has important implications in mosquito population control and thus the reduction of disease transmission. in addition, ivermectin could play an enormous role in mosquito control operations by its use in the female elimination process during mass-rearing, enabling the release of only sterile males in the context of the ... | 2013 | 23822117 |
| a preliminary investigation of the relationship between water quality and anopheles gambiae larval habitats in western cameroon. | water quality and anopheline habitat have received increasing attention due to the possibility that challenges during larval life may translate into adult susceptibility to malaria parasite infection and/or insecticide resistance. | 2013 | 23819866 |
| changes in the burden of malaria following scale up of malaria control interventions in mutasa district, zimbabwe. | to better understand trends in the burden of malaria and their temporal relationship to control activities, a survey was conducted to assess reported cases of malaria and malaria control activities in mutasa district, zimbabwe. | 2013 | 23815862 |
| seroepidemiological and parasitological evaluation of the heterogeneity of malaria infection in the gambia. | as countries make progress in malaria control, transmission may be reduced to such an extent that few cases occur, and identification of the remaining foci of transmission may require a combination of surveillance tools. the study explored the usefulness of parasite prevalence, seroprevalence and model-estimated seroconversion rates for detecting local differences in malaria transmission in a west african country. | 2013 | 23815826 |
| effects of changing mosquito host searching behaviour on the cost effectiveness of a mass distribution of long-lasting, insecticidal nets: a modelling study. | the effectiveness of long-lasting, insecticidal nets (llins) in preventing malaria is threatened by the changing biting behaviour of mosquitoes, from nocturnal and endophagic to crepuscular and exophagic, and by their increasing resistance to insecticides. | 2013 | 23802594 |
| a sticky situation: the unexpected stability of malaria elimination. | malaria eradication involves eliminating malaria from every country where transmission occurs. current theory suggests that the post-elimination challenges of remaining malaria-free by stopping transmission from imported malaria will have onerous operational and financial requirements. although resurgent malaria has occurred in a majority of countries that tried but failed to eliminate malaria, a review of resurgence in countries that successfully eliminated finds only four such failures out of ... | 2013 | 23798693 |
| an analysis of two island groups as potential sites for trials of transgenic mosquitoes for malaria control. | considerable technological advances have been made towards the generation of genetically modified mosquitoes for vector control. in contrast, less progress has been made towards field evaluations of transformed mosquitoes which are critical for evaluating the success of, and hazards associated with, genetic modification. oceanic islands have been highlighted as potentially the best locations for such trials. however, population genetic studies are necessary to verify isolation. here, we used a p ... | 2013 | 23789035 |
| health effects of drought: a systematic review of the evidence. | introduction. climate change projections indicate that droughts will become more intense in the 21 century in some areas of the world. the el niño southern oscillation is associated with drought in some countries, and forecasts can provide advance warning of the increased risk of adverse climate conditions. the most recent available data from emdat estimates that over 50 million people globally were affected by drought in 2011. documentation of the health effects of drought is difficult, given t ... | 2013 | 23787891 |
| living on the edge: a longitudinal study of anopheles funestus in an isolated area of mozambique. | understanding the survival strategies of malaria vectors at the edges of their distribution, where they are under stress from environmental conditions, may lead to the development of novel control techniques and may help predict the effects of climate change on these mosquitoes. | 2013 | 23773359 |
| equivalent susceptibility of anopheles gambiae m and s molecular forms and anopheles arabiensis to plasmodium falciparum infection in burkina faso. | the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species complex in burkina faso consists of anopheles arabiensis, and molecular forms m and s of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.). previous studies comparing the m and s forms for level of infection with plasmodium falciparum have yielded conflicting results. | 2013 | 23764031 |
| population genetics analysis during the elimination process of plasmodium falciparum in djibouti. | case management of imported malaria within the context of malaria pre-elimination is increasingly considered to be relevant because of the risk of resurgence. the assessment of malaria importation would provide key data i) to select countries with propitious conditions for pre-elimination phase and ii) to predict its feasibility. recently, a sero-prevalence study in djibouti indicated low malaria prevalence, which is propitious for the implementation of pre-elimination, but data on the extent of ... | 2013 | 23758989 |
| eliminating malaria vectors. | malaria vectors which predominantly feed indoors upon humans have been locally eliminated from several settings with insecticide treated nets (itns), indoor residual spraying or larval source management. recent dramatic declines of an. gambiae in east africa with imperfect itn coverage suggest mosquito populations can rapidly collapse when forced below realistically achievable, non-zero thresholds of density and supporting resource availability. here we explain why insecticide-based mosquito eli ... | 2013 | 23758937 |
| environmentally friendly tool to control mosquito populations without risk of insecticide resistance: the lehmann's funnel entry trap. | current malaria control strategies have cut down the malaria burden in many endemic areas, however the emergence and rapid spread of insecticide and drug resistance undermine the success of these efforts. there is growing concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. one approach that has been developed in the last few years is based on house screening to reduce indoor mosquito vector densities and consequently decrease malaria transmissio ... | 2013 | 23758904 |
| optimization of photobioreactor growth conditions for a cyanobacterium expressing mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. | an anabaena strain (pcc 7120#11) that was genetically engineered to express bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry genes has shown good larvicidal activity against anopheles arabiensis, a major vector of malaria in africa. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the relationship between key growth factors and the volumetric productivity of pcc 7120#11 in an indoor, flat-plate photobioreactor. the interaction of input co₂ concentration and airflow rate had a statistically signifi ... | 2013 | 23732832 |
| synthesis and antimosquito properties of 2,6-substituted benzo[d]thiazole and 2,4-substituted benzo[d]thiazole analogues against anopheles arabiensis. | a novel and efficient one pot synthesis was developed for 2,6-substituted-benzo[d]thiazole analogues 4a-k and 2,4-substituted-benzo[d]thiazole analogues 4l-pvia three component condensation reaction of substituted arylaldehyde, 2-amino-6-halo/4-methyl-benzo[d]thiazole and 2-naphthol or 6-hydroxyquinoline in presence of 10% w/v nacl in water by microwave method. this method enabled for short reaction times, easy work-up and significant high yields. the title compound 4b was used for single crysta ... | 2013 | 23727539 |
| sterilising effects of pyriproxyfen on anopheles arabiensis and its potential use in malaria control. | insecticide resistance poses a major threat to current vector control campaigns. insecticides with novel modes of action are therefore in high demand. pyriproxyfen (ppf), a conventional mosquito pupacide, has a unique mode of action that also sterilises adult mosquitoes (unable to produce viable offspring) upon direct contact. however, the timing of ppf exposure in relation to when mosquitoes take a blood meal has an important impact on that sterilisation. this study investigated the relationshi ... | 2013 | 23683439 |
| a potential threat to malaria elimination: extensive deltamethrin and ddt resistance to anopheles sinensis from the malaria-endemic areas in china. | insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a growing concern in many countries and requires immediate attention because of the limited chemical arsenal available for vector control. there is lack of systematic and standard monitoring data of malaria vector resistance in the endemic areas, which is essential for the ambitious goal of malaria elimination programme of china. | 2013 | 23683359 |
| [updated inventory of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) of the island of la réunion, indian ocean]. | a literature analysis coupled with new entomological surveys conducted between 2009 and 2012 led to changes in the list of mosquito species present on the island of la réunion. using morphological criteria, orthopodomyia arboricollis is replaced by or. reunionensis. on the basis of morphometrical and genetic criteria, culex univittatus is replaced by cx. neavei. cx. poicilipes, which was already reported missing 40 years ago, has not been found again. anopheles arabiensis is confirmed as the onl ... | 2013 | 23681758 |
| using a new odour-baited device to explore options for luring and killing outdoor-biting malaria vectors: a report on design and field evaluation of the mosquito landing box. | mosquitoes that bite people outdoors can sustain malaria transmission even where effective indoor interventions such as bednets or indoor residual spraying are already widely used. outdoor tools may therefore complement current indoor measures and improve control. we developed and evaluated a prototype mosquito control device, the 'mosquito landing box' (mlb), which is baited with human odours and treated with mosquitocidal agents. the findings are used to explore technical options and challenge ... | 2013 | 23642306 |
| taxis assays measure directional movement of mosquitoes to olfactory cues. | malaria control methods targeting indoor-biting mosquitoes have limited impact on vectors that feed and rest outdoors. exploiting mosquito olfactory behaviour to reduce blood-feeding outdoors might be a sustainable approach to complement existing control strategies. methodologies that can objectively quantify responses to odour under realistic field conditions and allow high-throughput screening of many compounds are required for development of effective odour-based control strategies. | 2013 | 23642138 |
| high level of resistance in the mosquito anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western tanzania. | to control malaria in tanzania, two primary vector control interventions are being scaled up: long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the main threat to effective malaria control is the selection of insecticide resistance. while resistance to pyrethroids, the primary insecticide used for llins and irs, has been reported among mosquito vectors in only a few sites in tanzania, neighbouring east african countries are recording increasing levels of resistanc ... | 2013 | 23638757 |
| cattle and climate in africa: how climate variability has influenced national cattle holdings from 1961-2008. | the role of cattle in developing countries is as a source of high-quality food, as draft animals, and as a source of manure and fuel. cattle represent important contribution to household incomes, and in drought prone areas they can act as an insurance against weather risk. so far, no studies have addressed how historical variations in temperature and rainfall have influenced cattle populations in africa. the focus of this study is to assess the historical impact of climate variability on nationa ... | 2013 | 23638393 |
| new insights into the population structure of anopheles gambiae s.s. in the gulf of guinea islands revealed by herves transposable elements. | transposable elements (tes) are mobile portions of dna that are able to replicate and spread in the genome of many organisms. tes can be used as a means to insert transgenes in insects, being stably inherited throughout generations. anopheles gambiae is the main vector of human malaria in sub-saharan africa. given the extraordinary burden this disease imposes, the mosquito became a choice target for genetic control approaches with the purpose of reducing malaria transmission. in this study, we i ... | 2013 | 23638171 |
| standardizing operational vector sampling techniques for measuring malaria transmission intensity: evaluation of six mosquito collection methods in western kenya. | operational vector sampling methods lack standardization, making quantitative comparisons of malaria transmission across different settings difficult. human landing catch (hlc) is considered the research gold standard for measuring human-mosquito contact, but is unsuitable for large-scale sampling. this study assessed mosquito catch rates of cdc light trap (cdc-lt), ifakara tent trap (itt), window exit trap (wet), pot resting trap (prt), and box resting trap (brt) relative to hlc in western keny ... | 2013 | 23631641 |
| the receptive versus current risks of plasmodium falciparum transmission in northern namibia: implications for elimination. | countries aiming for malaria elimination need to define their malariogenic potential, of which measures of both receptive and current transmission are major components. as namibia pursues malaria elimination, the importation risks due to cross-border human population movements with higher risk neighboring countries has been identified as a major challenge. here we used historical and contemporary plasmodium falciparum prevalence data for namibia to estimate receptive and current levels of malari ... | 2013 | 23617955 |
| the role of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles coustani in indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in taveta district, kenya. | the scaling up of malaria vector control efforts in africa has resulted in changing the malaria vectorial systems across different ecological settings. in view of the ongoing trends in vector population dynamics, abundance, species composition and parasite infectiousness, there is a need to understand vector distribution and their contribution to malaria transmission to facilitate future planning of control strategies. we studied indoor and outdoor malaria transmission dynamics and vector popula ... | 2013 | 23601146 |
| review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in zambia. | a comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria control. this review considered data from the national health information management system, malaria surveys and programme review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all ages. data showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria re ... | 0 | 23593585 |
| stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | understanding the biology of malaria vector mosquitoes is crucial to understanding many aspects of the disease, including control and future outcomes. the development rates and survival of two afrotropical malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus, are investigated here under conditions of constant and fluctuating temperatures. these data can provide a good starting point for modelling population level consequences of temperature change associated with climate change. for comp ... | 2013 | 23590860 |
| a second chance to tackle african malaria vector mosquitoes that avoid houses and don't take drugs. | 2013 | 23589532 | |
| mathematical models of within-host and transmission dynamics to determine effects of malaria interventions in a variety of transmission settings. | a model for anopheles population dynamics and malaria transmission is combined with a within-host dynamics microsolver to study baseline transmission, the effects of seasonality, and the impact of interventions. the garki project is recreated in simulation of the pre-intervention baseline and the different combinations of interventions deployed. modifications are introduced, and longer project duration, extension of dry-season spraying, and transmission-blocking vaccines together achieve local e ... | 2013 | 23589530 |
| entomological surveillance of behavioural resilience and resistance in residual malaria vector populations. | the most potent malaria vectors rely heavily upon human blood so they are vulnerable to attack with insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) within houses. mosquito taxa that can avoid feeding or resting indoors, or by obtaining blood from animals, mediate a growing proportion of the dwindling transmission that persists as itns and irs are scaled up. | 2013 | 23577656 |
| repellent properties of cardiospermum halicacabum linn. (family: sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. | to determine repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol extract of cardiospermum halicacabum (c. halicacabum) against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23569979 |
| acaricidal activity of cymbopogon citratus and azadirachta indica against house dust mites. | to examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites dermatophagoides farinae (d. farinae) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d. pteronyssinus). | 2011 | 23569794 |
| the effect of dams and seasons on malaria incidence and anopheles abundance in ethiopia. | reservoirs created by damming rivers are often believed to increase malaria incidence risk and/or stretch the period of malaria transmission. in this paper, we report the effects of a mega hydropower dam on p. falciparum malaria incidence in ethiopia. | 2013 | 23566411 |
| the importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to malaria control in africa. | over the past decade the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), in combination with improved drug therapies, indoor residual spraying (irs), and better health infrastructure, has helped reduce malaria in many african countries for the first time in a generation. however, insecticide resistance in the vector is an evolving threat to these gains. we review emerging and historical data on behavioral resistance in response to llins and irs. overall the current literature suggests behavioral ... | 2013 | 23550770 |
| the malaria transition on the arabian peninsula: progress toward a malaria-free region between 1960-2010. | the transmission of malaria across the arabian peninsula is governed by the diversity of dominant vectors and extreme aridity. it is likely that where malaria transmission was historically possible it was intense and led to a high disease burden. here, we review the speed of elimination, approaches taken, define the shrinking map of risk since 1960 and discuss the threats posed to a malaria-free arabian peninsula using the archive material, case data and published works. from as early as the 194 ... | 0 | 23548086 |
| rapid discrimination between anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis by high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis. | there is a need for more cost-effective options to more accurately discriminate among members of the anopheles gambiae complex, particularly an. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis. these species are morphologically indistinguishable in the adult stage, have overlapping distributions, but are behaviorally and ecologically different, yet both are efficient vectors of malaria in equatorial africa. the method described here, high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis, takes advantage of minute differences in ... | 0 | 23543777 |
| different blood and sugar feeding regimes affect the productivity of anopheles arabiensis colonies (diptera: culicidae). | the success of the sterile insect technique for the management of mosquito populations depends on the release of large numbers of competitive sterile male insects. sustainable mosquito production can only be obtained when proper mass-rearing equipment and adequate methods are available, including those to feed blood to the female mosquitoes. the blood feeding apparatus hemotek consists of a small aluminum plate to which a collagen membrane is fixed and filled with blood kept warm by an electric ... | 2013 | 23540122 |
| anopheles arabiensis sperm production after genetic manipulation, dieldrin treatment, and irradiation. | the use of the sterile insect technique relies on the release of sterilized mass-reared male insects which, before field releases, endure several unnatural treatments. in the case of anopheles arabiensis (patton) sterile insect technique program in sudan, the genetic background of the original strain was first changed to create a genetic sexing strain that is based on a dieldrin-resistant mutation. secondly, the eggs of the genetic sexing strain require treatment with dieldrin to allow complete ... | 2013 | 23540119 |
| challenges for malaria elimination in zanzibar: pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and poor performance of long-lasting insecticide nets. | long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) and indoor residual house spraying (irs) are the main interventions for the control of malaria vectors in zanzibar. the aim of the present study was to assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors against the insecticides used for llins and irs and to determine the durability and efficacy of llins on the island. | 2013 | 23537463 |
| netting barriers to prevent mosquito entry into houses in southern mozambique: a pilot study. | one of the best ways to control the transmission of malaria is by breaking the vector-human link, either by reducing the effective population size of mosquitoes or avoiding infective bites. reducing house entry rates in endophagic vectors by obstructing openings is one simple way of achieving this. mosquito netting has previously been shown to have this effect. more recently different materials that could also be used have come onto the market. therefore, a pilot study was conducted to investiga ... | 2013 | 23497325 |
| dose-response tests and semi-field evaluation of lethal and sub-lethal effects of slow release pyriproxyfen granules (sumilarv®0.5g) for the control of the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae sensu lato. | recently research has shown that larviciding can be an effective tool for integrated malaria vector control. nevertheless, the uptake of this intervention has been hampered by the need to re-apply larvicides frequently. there is a need to explore persistent, environmentally friendly larvicides for malaria vector control to reduce intervention efforts and costs by reducing the frequency of application. in this study, the efficacy of a 0.5% pyriproxyfen granule (surmilarv®0.5g, sumitomo chemicals) ... | 2013 | 23497149 |
| identification of cryptic anopheles mosquito species by molecular protein profiling. | vector control is the mainstay of malaria control programmes. successful vector control profoundly relies on accurate information on the target mosquito populations in order to choose the most appropriate intervention for a given mosquito species and to monitor its impact. an impediment to identify mosquito species is the existence of morphologically identical sibling species that play different roles in the transmission of pathogens and parasites. currently pcr diagnostics are used to distingui ... | 2013 | 23469000 |
| genomic insights into the glutathione s-transferase gene family of two rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens (stål) and sogatella furcifera (horváth) (hemiptera: delphacidae). | glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes control crucial traits for the metabolism of various toxins encountered by insects in host plants and the wider environment, including insecticides. the planthoppers nilaparvata lugens and sogatella furcifera are serious specialist pests of rice throughout eastern asia. their capacity to rapidly adapt to resistant rice varieties and to develop resistance to various insecticides has led to severe outbreaks over the last decade. | 2013 | 23457591 |
| identifying permethrin resistance loci in malaria vectors by genetic mapping. | identification of the major loci responsible for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors would aid the development and implementation of effective resistance management strategies, which are urgently needed to tackle the growing threat posed by resistance to the limited insecticides available for malaria control. genome-wide association studies in the major malaria vector, anopheles gambiae, have been hindered by the high degree of within-population structuring and very low levels of linkage d ... | 2013 | 23448678 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. ii. validation of species distribution and seasonal variations. | the first part of this study aimed to develop a model for anopheles gambiae s.l. with separate parametrization schemes for anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis. the characterizations were constructed based on literature from the past decades. this part of the study is focusing on the model's ability to separate the mean state of the two species of the an. gambiae complex in africa. the model is also evaluated with respect to capturing the temporal variability of an. arabiensis in ethi ... | 2013 | 23442727 |
| effects of pyrethroid resistance on the cost effectiveness of a mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets: a modelling study. | the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets in preventing malaria is threatened by developing resistance against pyrethroids. little is known about how strongly this affects the effectiveness of vector control programmes. | 2013 | 23442575 |
| comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is anopheles arabiensis. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are commonly used together in the same households to improve malaria control despite inconsistent evidence on whether such combinations actually offer better protection than nets alone or irs alone. | 2013 | 23433393 |
| blood meal sources and entomological inoculation rates of anophelines along a highland altitudinal transect in south-central ethiopia. | the role of anophelines in transmitting malaria depends on their distribution, preference to feed on humans and also their susceptibility to plasmodium gametocytes, all of which are affected by local environmental conditions. blood meal source and entomological inoculation rate of anophelines was assessed along a highland altitudinal transect in south- central ethiopia. | 2013 | 23433348 |
| blood meal origins and insecticide susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis from chano in south-west ethiopia. | anopheles arabiensis, the main malaria vector in ethiopia, shows both anthropophilic and zoophilic behaviours. insecticide resistance is increasing, and alternative methods of vector control are needed. the objectives of this study were to determine the blood meal origins and the susceptibility to insecticides of an. arabiensis from chano village near arba minch in south-west ethiopia. | 2013 | 23433306 |
| itn mixtures of chlorfenapyr (pyrrole) and alphacypermethrin (pyrethroid) for control of pyrethroid resistant anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus. | pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae malaria vectors are widespread throughout sub-saharan africa and continued efficacy of pyrethroid itns is under threat. chlorfenapyr is a promising pyrrole insecticide with a unique mechanism of action conferring no cross-resistance to existing public health insecticides. mixtures of chlorfenapyr (cfp) and alphacypermethrin (alpha) may provide additional benefits over chlorfenapyr or alphacypermethrin used alone. an itn mixture of cfp 100 mg/m(2)+alpha 25 m ... | 2013 | 23409042 |
| mitochondrial genome sequences reveal deep divergences among anopheles punctulatus sibling species in papua new guinea. | members of the anopheles punctulatus group (ap group) are the primary vectors of human malaria in papua new guinea. the ap group includes 13 sibling species, most of them morphologically indistinguishable. understanding why only certain species are able to transmit malaria requires a better comprehension of their evolutionary history. in particular, understanding relationships and divergence times among anopheles species may enable assessing how malaria-related traits (e.g. blood feeding behavio ... | 2013 | 23405960 |
| addressing malaria vector control challenges in south sudan: proposed recommendations. | upon the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in 2005, the republic of south sudan (rss) has faced a lot of challenges, such as a lack of infrastructure, human resources and an enormous burden of vector borne diseases including malaria. while a national malaria strategic plan 2006-2011 was developed, the vector control component has remained relatively weak. the strategy endorses the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) as the frontline intervention with other intervent ... | 2013 | 23394124 |
| evaluation of a rapid colorimetric field test to assess the effective life of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets in the lao pdr. | malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly reduced through the proper use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, but the extra protection afforded by the insecticide diminishes over time. the insecticide depletion rates vary according to location where wash frequency and wear are influenced by cultural habits as well as the availability of water. monitoring of available insecticides on the net surface is essential for determining the effective life of the net. therefore, a rapid and ... | 2013 | 23391349 |
| successful malaria elimination strategies require interventions that target changing vector behaviours. | the ultimate long-term goal of malaria eradication was recently placed back onto the global health agenda. when planning for this goal, it is important to remember why the original global malaria eradication programme (gmep), conducted with ddt-based indoor residual spraying (irs), did not achieve its goals. one of the technical reasons for the failure to eliminate malaria was over reliance on a single intervention and subsequently the mosquito vectors developed behavioural resistance so that th ... | 2013 | 23388506 |
| heterogeneity and changes in inequality of malaria risk after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets in macha, zambia. | in 2007, the first free mass distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) occurred in southern zambia. to determine the effect of itns on heterogeneity in biting rates, human dna from anopheles arabiensis blood meals was genotyped to determine the number of hosts that had contributed to the blood meals. the multiple feeding rate decreased from 18.9% pre-itn to 9.1% post-itn, suggesting that mosquito biting had focused onto a smaller fraction of the population. pre-itn, 20% of persons in a ... | 2013 | 23382169 |
| the effect of larval nutritional deprivation on the life history and ddt resistance phenotype in laboratory strains of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. | anopheles arabiensis is a major malaria vector in africa. it thrives in agricultural areas and has been associated with increased malaria incidence in areas under rice and maize cultivation. this effect may be due to increased adult size and abundance as a consequence of optimal larval nutrition. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of larval nutrition on the life history and expression of insecticide resistance in adults of laboratory reared an. arabiensis. | 2013 | 23368928 |
| no evidence for positive selection at two potential targets for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines in anopheles gambiae s.s. | human malaria causes nearly a million deaths in sub-saharan africa each year. the evolution of drug-resistance in the parasite and insecticide resistance in the mosquito vector has complicated control measures and made the need for new control strategies more urgent. anopheles gambiae s.s. is one of the primary vectors of human malaria in africa, and parasite-transmission-blocking vaccines targeting anopheles proteins have been proposed as a possible strategy to control the spread of the disease ... | 2013 | 23357581 |
| travel history and malaria infection risk in a low-transmission setting in ethiopia: a case control study. | malaria remains the leading communicable disease in ethiopia, with around one million clinical cases of malaria reported annually. the country currently has plans for elimination for specific geographic areas of the country. human movement may lead to the maintenance of reservoirs of infection, complicating attempts to eliminate malaria. | 2013 | 23347703 |
| a dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the afrotropical region. i. model description and sensitivity analysis. | most of the current biophysical models designed to address the large-scale distribution of malaria assume that transmission of the disease is independent of the vector involved. another common assumption in these type of model is that the mortality rate of mosquitoes is constant over their life span and that their dispersion is negligible. mosquito models are important in the prediction of malaria and hence there is a need for a realistic representation of the vectors involved. | 2013 | 23342980 |
| geographic coincidence of increased malaria transmission hazard and vulnerability occurring at the periphery of two tanzanian villages. | the goal of malaria elimination necessitates an improved understanding of any fine-scale geographic variations in transmission risk so that complementary vector control tools can be integrated into current vector control programmes as supplementary measures that are spatially targeted to maximize impact upon residual transmission. this study examines the distribution of host-seeking malaria vectors at households within two villages in rural tanzania. | 2013 | 23331947 |
| a simple chelex protocol for dna extraction from anopheles spp. | endemic countries are increasingly adopting molecular tools for efficient typing, identification and surveillance against malaria parasites and vector mosquitoes, as an integral part of their control programs. for sustainable establishment of these accurate approaches in operations research to strengthen malaria control and elimination efforts, simple and affordable methods, with parsimonious reagent and equipment requirements are essential. here we present a simple chelex-based technique for ex ... | 2013 | 23328684 |
| mathematical evaluation of community level impact of combining bed nets and indoor residual spraying upon malaria transmission in areas where the main vectors are anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | indoor residual insecticide spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are commonly used together even though evidence that such combinations confer greater protection against malaria than either method alone is inconsistent. | 2013 | 23324456 |
| the impact of host species and vector control measures on the fitness of african malaria vectors. | many malaria vector mosquitoes in africa have an extreme preference for feeding on humans. this specialization allows them to sustain much higher levels of transmission than elsewhere, but there is little understanding of the evolutionary forces that drive this behaviour. in tanzania, we used a semi-field system to test whether the well-documented preferences of the vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) for cattle and humans, respectively, are predicted by the ... | 2013 | 23303548 |
| genetic mapping identifies a major locus spanning p450 clusters associated with pyrethroid resistance in kdr-free anopheles arabiensis from chad. | prevention of malaria transmission throughout much of africa is dependent on bednets that are impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides. anopheles arabiensis is the major malaria vector in chad and efforts to control this vector are threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. who bioassays revealed that an. arabiensis from ndjamena is resistant to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) but fully susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates. no 1014f or 1014s kdr alleles ... | 2013 | 23299100 |
| operational scale entomological intervention for malaria control: strategies, achievements and challenges in zambia. | while consensus on malaria vector control policy and strategy has stimulated unprecedented political-will, backed by international funding organizations and donors, vector control interventions are expansively being implemented based on assumptions with unequaled successes. this manuscript reports on the strategies, achievements and challenges of the past and contemporary malaria vector control efforts in zambia. | 2013 | 23298401 |
| shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the kenyan coast over the past 20 years. | over the past 20 years, numerous studies have investigated the ecology and behaviour of malaria vectors and plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission on the coast of kenya. substantial progress has been made to control vector populations and reduce high malaria prevalence and severe disease. the goal of this paper was to examine trends over the past 20 years in anopheles species composition, density, blood-feeding behaviour, and p. falciparum sporozoite transmission along the coast of kenya. | 2013 | 23297732 |