Publications

[human ehrlichiosis].	human ehrlichiosis is a newly recognized disease. it is a tick-borne disease caused by several bacterial species of the genhus erlichia. these are small gram-negative pleomorphic cocci, that are obligatory intracellular bacteria. tick ixodes is the principle vector in europe, and amblyomma amenicanum in the united states. bacterial organisms replicate in a tick, and are transmited from infected cells in a vector to the blood cells of animals or humans. human ehrlichiosis is a name for a group of ...	2006	16683411
the natural hosts of larvae and nymphs of amblyomma tigrinum koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae).	the hosts of larvae and nymphs of amblyomma tigrinum, a tick whose adults feed on wild and domestic canidae in south america, are uncertain. a 17 months survey was carried out trapping wild vertebrates in north-western córdoba, argentina, to evaluate their parasitism with a. tigrinum subadults. larvae and nymphs of this tick species were identified conventionally and by comparison of 16s rdna sequences with genbank deposited sequences. a total of 207 small and medium-sized rodents and 182 birds ...	2006	16682121
[the effect of immersion in distilled water on the engorged larvae and nymphs of amblyomma dubitatum neumann, 1899 (acari: ixodidae)].	to evaluate the effect of the immersion of engorged larvae and nymphs of amblyomma dubitatum experimentally fed on rabbits, the ticks were collected and formed control groups, without immersion, and groups witch were immersed by 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and, for engorged larvaes, by eight weeks, in test tubes containing distilled water. during all experiment ticks were kept at 27 +/- 1 degrees c, 80 +/- 10% ru and scotophase the parameters evaluated were: pre-ecdysis, ecdysis and moulting periods; a ...	2006	16646997
the impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in limpopo province, south africa.	a 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the bushbuckridge region, limpopo province, south africa. the main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) and anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. to this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were ass ...	2005	16642719
human infestation by larval amblyomma ticks.		2006	16618871
multiple pruritic papules from lone star tick larvae bites.	ticks are the second most common vectors of human infectious diseases in the world. in addition to their role as vectors, ticks and their larvae can also produce primary skin manifestations. infestation by the larvae of ticks is not commonly recognized, with only 3 cases reported in the literature. the presence of multiple lesions and partially burrowed 6-legged tick larvae can present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians.	2006	16618870
tick infestations of the eastern cottontail rabbit (sylvilagus floridanus) and small rodentia in northwest alabama and implications for disease transmission.	studies were conducted over a four-county area of northwest alabama to determine the association of eastern cottontail rabbits with dermacentor variabilis, the eastern united states vector of rocky mountain spotted fever. a secondary objective was to compare infestations of this tick on rabbits with infestations on commonly encountered rodent species as a means of determining the relative importance of each in the disease transmission cycle. these epidemiologic surveys were conducted in response ...	2005	16599149
performance of a prototype baited-trap in attracting and infecting the tick amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) in field experiments.	investigations were commenced to study the potential use of the fungi, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and the attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (aaap) for the control of ambloyomma variegatum as an environmentally friendly technology. the objective of the study was to develop and test a device, which could be used for pheromone and carbon dioxide delivery and infection of ticks with the fungi in an attempt to control the tick populations in the vegetation. using a pheromon ...	2006	16596354
[characterization of rickettsia spp. circulating in a silent peri-urban focus for brazilian spotted fever in caratinga, minas gerais, brazil].	the present study was intended to characterize rickettsia spp. circulating in arthropod vectors in caratinga, minas gerais, brazil, by pcr and to investigate the presence of antibodies against the spotted fever rickettsiae group (sfrg) in dogs and horses. 2,610 arthropods were collected and taxonomically identified. dna samples obtained from these vectors were submitted to pcr and cycle-sequenced. ctenocephalides and amblyomma cajennense showed sequences presenting 100.0% homology with r. felis. ...	2006	16583093
ticks on crested francolins, francolinus sephaena, and on the vegetation on a farm in limpopo province, south africa.	ticks were collected at approximately bi-monthly intervals between june 1996 and june 1997 from crested francolins, francolinus sephaena, and from the vegetation on a mixed cattle and wildlife farm in limpopo province, south africa. the birds were infested with the immature stages of 13 tick species, of which amblyomma hebraeum, amblyomma marmoreum and hyalomma marginatum rufipes were the most numerous and prevalent. ten ixodid tick species were collected from the vegetation, of which the immatu ...	2005	16562738
acaricide efficiency of amitraz/cypermethrin and abamectin pour-on preparations in game.	the efficacy of an amitraz/cypermethrin pour-on preparation (1% w/v each) was tested against natural tick infestations of buffaloes, eland and blesbok in three separate trials. the eland were also treated with a 0.02% abamectin (w/v) acaricidal pour-on preparation. the amitraz/cypermethrin pour-on was effective against amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and hyalomma marginatum rufipes on the buffaloes. both acaricides were effective against r. appendi ...	2005	16562734
cross-sectional survey of ixodid tick species on grazing cattle in japan.	ixodid tick species were collected from cattle in 60 grazing fields throughout japan. haemaphysalis longicornis was mainly recovered in the western and southern regions, while ixodes species were collected mainly in the central to northern regions. other tick species such as amblyomma testudinarium, boophilus microplus, h. flava and h. kitaokai were identified from a few fields in the central and southern regions. haemaphysalis longicornis were recovered in the fields with higher temperatures an ...	2006	16550336
importation of exotic ticks into the united kingdom via the international trade in reptiles.	due to the increased trade in exotic reptiles, many of which are infested with ticks of various genera, there is an increased risk of exotic ticks and pathogens being introduced and potentially becoming established in new geographical areas. despite the number and variety of tick species collected from reptiles, their role in the maintenance of pathogens and transmission to humans has not been fully investigated for all species. the potential public health risks to the united kingdom have been e ...	2006	16550335
interactions between climate, host refuge use, and tick population dynamics.	the relationship between australian sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa) microhabitat use and tick (amblyomma limbatum) population dynamics was investigated. over 3 years (2002-2004) between 23 and 50 lizards were radio-tracked up to four times a week to record microhabitat use and each fortnight to determine tick loads. daily maximum temperature was highly predictive of lizard microhabitat use. in hotter fortnights lizards used larger bushes and burrows for refuge. peak background tick infestation le ...	2006	16541265
amblyomma triste (koch, 1844) (acari: ixodidae): morphological description of the ovary and of vitellogenesis.	the present study presents the morphology, histology, and the dynamics of vitellogenesis in females of the tick amblyomma triste. the ovary in this species is of the panoistic type, therefore it lacks nurse cells. it is composed of a layer of epithelial cells that outwardly form the wall of the ovary, but also originate the pedicel, the structure that attaches the oocytes to its external margin, as well the oocytes themselves. in amblyomma triste, the oocytes develop in four synchronic stages, w ...	2006	16540108
parasites of the collared peccary from texas.	results of a survey of the parasites of the collared peccary (dicotyles tajacu angulatus) in texas are presented. three ectoparasites, amblyomma cajennense, dermacentor variabilis, and pulex porcinus were very common on peccaries from south texas, but less common or absent in arid west texas. sucking lice, pecaroecus javalii, were common on peccaries from west texas, but were not found in south texas. the known range of this louse in texas is extended into the big bend area. two ticks, amnblyomm ...	1970	16509125
kinetics of borrelia burgdorferi infection in larvae of refractory and competent tick vectors.	the acquisition of borrelia burgdorferi by the larvae of competent and refractory ixodid ticks was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr). larvae were fed on infected mice, and the spirochete loads were determined during feeding and up to 93 d postfeeding. amblyomma americanum (l.) was refractory to b. burgdorferi infection, with almost no detection of spirochete dna during or postfeeding. in contrast, ixodes scapularis say supported high loads of spirochetes (10(3)-10(4) per l ...	2006	16506448
[rickettsiae detection in amblyomma ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected in the urban area of campinas city, sp].	the city of campinas is located in an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever in são paulo state, where several cases have recently occurred. capybaras have been associated with the cycle of this disease, for they present positive serology and serve as host for ticks of the genus amblyomma, the main vectors of brazilian spotted fever. ticks were collected both from capybaras and from the vegetation in the city park lago do café, located in the urban area of campinas city, sp, a site associated ...	2006	16501770
amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae): salivary gland cells of partially engorged females ticks and the production of lipid by their mitochondria.	morphologically, the salivary glands of ticks are paired structures consisting of a secretory and an excretory portion, lacking a reservoir for the storage of the secretion. the secretory portion is composed in females by cells that form acini classified into the types i, ii, and iii. the excretory possess a major duct, from which arise several intermediate ducts that then subdivide to form the canaliculi or acinal tubules, which end at the acini from where they collect the secretion. the presen ...	2006	16500644
rickettsia africae in the west indies.	rickettsia africae is the agent of african tick-bite fever, a mild but common disease of local persons and tourists in africa. the major vector of this spotted fever group rickettsia is most likely amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick, which has become widely distributed through the west indies in the last 30 years. this report reviews all available information on r. africae in the west indies.	2006	16494746
overcoming barriers to the transformation of the genus ehrlichia.	while bacterial transformation has evolved since the early 20th century to allow for the genetic manipulation of a variety of microbial agents, rickettsial organisms have proved resistant to such advances until only recently. the ehrlichia are small, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacterial parasites, which belong to the family anaplasmataceae and cause a variety of infections in human and animal hosts. e. chaffeensis is the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis and is tr ...	2005	16481548
novel spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) infecting amblyomma americanum ticks in ohio, usa.		2005	16481541
phylogenetic analysis of a novel molecular isolate of spotted fever group rickettsiae from northern peru: candidatus rickettsia andeanae.	phylogenetic analysis of five rickettsial genes (17-kda gene, glta, ompb, ompa, and sca4) from two molecular isolates of candidatus rickettsia andeanae from two ticks (amblyomma maculatum and ixodes boliviensis) collected from two domestic horses living in two separate locations in northern peru (coletas and naranjo) was conducted to more clearly characterize this recently reported novel spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia. following nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the 1 ...	2005	16481537
detection of a typhus group rickettsia in amblyomma ticks in the state of nuevo leon, mexico.	the state of nuevo leon, mexico has had outbreaks of typhus group rickettsiosis, most recently recognized in 1997. evaluation of the sera of 345 patients with a dengue-like illness revealed that 25.5% had antibodies reactive with typhus group rickettsiae and 16% had antibodies to rickettsia parkeri. rickettsiae were detected by pcr and shell-vial isolations in the field-collected amblyomma ticks. molecular characterization by dna sequence analysis of the glta, ompb, and 17-kda gene identified th ...	2005	16481535
rickettsia parkeri as a paradigm for multiple causes of tick-borne spotted fever in the western hemisphere.	among the many contributions made to rickettsiology by entomologist and rickettsiologist ralph r. parker was his discovery in 1937 of a novel rickettsia isolated from the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. this bacterium was subsequently characterized as a unique rickettsial species in 1965 and named rickettsia parkeri in honor of its discoverer. during the next several decades r. parkeri was generally considered as one of several "nonpathogenic" spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae that res ...	2005	16481534
first report of the male of amblyomma rotundatum (acari: ixodidae) from a field-collected host.	an adult male of the tick amblyomma rotundatum koch was collected on a naturally infested lizard, tropidurus sp. (squamata: tropiduridae), at monte negro, state of rondonia, brazil. the tick's identity was confirmed morphologically and by analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal dna. this is the third known male specimen of a. rotundatum, a species that has been shown to reproduce exclusively by parthenogenesis. the two previously reported male specimens seemed to be p ...	2005	16465732
ectoparasites of free-ranging pumas and jaguars in the paraguayan chaco.	ectoparasites were collected from seven puma (puma concolor) and seven jaguar (panthera onca) live-captures (each representing six different animals) in the paraguayan chaco from 2002 to 2004. the same five species of ectoparasites were recovered from both host species: the flea, pulex simulans (total on both hosts combined=30 male, 49 female), and the ticks, amblyomma cajennense (1 male, 4 female, 46 nymphs, 241 larvae), amblyomma parvum (42 male, 25 female), amblyomma tigrinum (1 male, 7 femal ...	2006	16464533
white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) develop spirochetemia following experimental infection with borrelia lonestari.	borrelia lonestari is considered a putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness (stari) and is known to occur naturally only in lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). we used a low passage isolate of b. lonestari (ls-1) to inoculate white-tailed deer, c3h mice, holstein cattle, and beagles. animals were monitored via examination of giemsa and acridine orange stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent anti ...	2006	16459029
theileriosis in a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn.	a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn was collected in missouri (usa) and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. necropsy and histologic examination revealed severe amblyomma americanum infestation, pronounced icterus, and marked hemosiderin deposition in the liver and spleen. whole blood evaluation revealed a normocytic normochromic anemia and a piroplasm parasitemia of approximately 70%. the piroplasm was identified as theileria cervi by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of th ...	2005	16456174
detection of rickettsia rickettsii in the tick amblyomma cajennense in a new brazilian spotted fever-endemic area in the state of minas gerais.	the present study evaluated rickettsial infection in amblyomma spp. ticks collected in a farm in coronel pacheco, a brazilian spotted fever (bsf) endemic area. a total of 78 a. cajennense and 78 a. dubitatum free-living adult ticks were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting a fragment of the rickettsial gene glta. only one pool of three a. cajennense ticks showed the expected product by pcr. this pool was further tested by pcr using sets of primers targeting the ricke ...	2006	16444414
distribution of borreliae among ticks collected from eastern states.	lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the united states and is transmitted by borrelia burgdorferi-infected ixodes species. the disease is typically characterized by an erythema migrans (em) rash at the site of tick feeding. em rashes have also been associated with feeding by amblyomma americanum ticks despite evidence suggesting that they are incompetent vectors for lyme disease. in 1996, a borrelia organism only recently cultivated in the laboratory was described i ...	2005	16417434
human skin lesions in east central state, nigeria due to the larvae of amblyomma variegatum (fabricius, 1794).		1973	16366347
capillary tube feeding system for studying tick-pathogen interactions of dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae).	a capillary tube feeding (ctf) system was adapted for studying the interaction between dermacentor variabilis (say) and the rickettsial cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks that begins in midguts and ends by transmission from salivary glands. in this ctf system, male d. variabilis were fed a. marginale-infected blood or cultured tick cells. ticks that fed on highly rickettsemic calves developed midgut and salivary gland infect ...	2005	16366000
ehrlichia under our noses and no one notices.	ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligately intracellular bacterium, resides within a cytoplasmic vacuole in macrophages, establishes persistent infection in natural hosts such as white-tailed deer and canids, and is transmitted transstadially and during feeding by ticks, particularly amblyomma americanum. ehrlichial cell walls contain glycoproteins and a family of divergent 28 kda proteins, but no peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide. the dense-cored ultrastructural form preferentially expresses certai ...	2005	16358425
orally active acaricidal peptide toxins from spider venom.	numerous species of ticks and mites (collectively known as acarines) are serious pests of animals, humans, and crops. there are few commercially available acaricides and major classes of these chemicals continue to be lost from the marketplace due to resistance development or deregistration by regulatory agencies. there is consequently a pressing need to isolate new and safe acaricidal compounds. in this study, we show that two families of peptide neurotoxins isolated from the venom of the austr ...	2006	16330063
histopathology of tick-bite lesions in naturally infested capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in brazil.	in the present work features of tick-bite lesions were evaluated in capybaras naturally infested with amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum ticks. gross appearance of tick bite site was characterized by a mild swelling and erythema. microscopic examination revealed the cement cone, a tube-like homogenous eosinophilic mass penetrating deep into the dermis. this structure was surrounded in the dermis by a cellular infiltrate and free eosinophilic granules and was associated to edema of vari ...	2005	16323054
the molecular and biological analysis of ixodid ticks histamine release factors.	we previously described a dermacentor varibialis (dv) cdna that encodes a ubiquitously expressed and tick saliva-secreted functional histamine release factor (hrf) homolog. in this study gene specific primers based on dvhrf open reading frame nucleotide sequence were utilized to amplify three orthologs, from the wood tick, d. andersoni (da), the black legged tick, the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (bm) and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (aa). at nucleotide level, sequence c ...	2005	16323052
characterization of stages of hepatozoon americanum and of parasitized canine host cells.	american canine hepatozoonosis is caused by hepatozoon americanum, a protozoan parasite, the definitive host of which is the tick, amblyomma maculatum. infection of the dog follows ingestion of ticks that harbor sporulated h. americanum oocysts. following penetration of the intestinal mucosa, sporozoites are disseminated systemically and give rise to extensive asexual multiplication in cells located predominantly in striated muscle. the parasitized canine cells in "onion skin" cysts and in granu ...	2005	16301575
factors influencing in vitro infectivity and growth of rickettsia peacockii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an endosymbiont of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni (acari, ixodidae).	rickettsia peacockii, a spotted fever group rickettsia, is a transovarially transmitted endosymbiont of rocky mountain wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni. this rickettsia, formerly known as the east side agent and restricted to female ticks, was detected in a chronically infected embryonic cell line, dae100, from d. andersoni. we examined infectivity, ability to induce cytopathic effect (cpe) and host cell specificity of r. peacockii using cultured arthropod and mammalian cells. aposymbiotic dae1 ...	2005	16288906
detection of babesia caballi in amblyomma variegatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from cattle in the republic of guinea.	a reverse line blot hybridisation (rlb) assay was applied to screen amblyomma variegatum adult ticks (n = 504) collected from n'dama cattle in the republic of guinea. in a pcr, the v1 hypervariable region of the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene was amplified with a set of primers unique for species of the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia, and the v4 hypervariable region of the 18s rrna gene was amplified with primers specific for members of the genera theileria and babesia. amplified pcr products fro ...	2005	16252481
experimental infection of adult and juvenile coyotes with domestic dog and wild coyote isolates of hepatozoon americanum (apicomplexa: adeleorina).	each of five adult and four juvenile coyotes (canis latrans) was exposed to an oral dose of 50 hepatozoon americanum oocysts recovered from amblyomma maculatum ticks that previously fed on either naturally infected domestic dogs (canis familiaris) or naturally infected wild coyotes. all coyotes exposed to h. americanum became infected, regardless of isolate source, and all exhibited mild to moderate clinical disease that simulated american canine hepatozoonosis in naturally infected dogs. at 100 ...	2005	16244069
geographic distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in iowa with emphasis on ixodes scapularis and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi.	in iowa, public concern regarding lyme disease has increased markedly over the last decade. in response to these concerns, a statewide surveillance program was initiated in 1990 based on ticks received by the department of entomology at iowa state university. ticks were received from health care professionals, state government agencies, and the general public. a total of 5,343 ticks from all 99 iowa counties were identified during the 12 years of this study. dermacentor variabilis was the most n ...	2005	16187889
ehrlichial infection in cameroonian canines by ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia ewingii.	ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are agents of emerging human ehrlichioses in north america and are transmitted primarily by amblyomma americanum ticks, while ehrlichia canis is the globally distributed cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is transmitted by the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. although e. canis and ehrlichia ruminantium are endemic in africa, the presence of ehrlichial agents in dogs and ticks in cameroon has not been investigated. the objective o ...	2005	16181750
hemorrhagic disease in dogs infected with an unclassified intraendothelial piroplasm in southern brazil.	a hemorrhagic disease affecting dogs in brazil, referred to popularly as "nambiuvú" (bloody ears) and believed to be transmitted by ticks, has been observed in animals infected with an organism described originally in 1910 as a piroplasm, and known locally as rangelia vitalii. in this series of 10 cases, the disease was characterized by anaemia, jaundice, fever, spleno- and lymphadenomegaly, hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, and persistent bleeding from the nose, oral cavity and tips, ma ...	2005	16153781
[the effect of immersion in distilled water on the engorged larvae and nymphs of amblyomma cajennense (fabricius,1787)(acari: ixodidae)].	to evaluate the effect of the immersion of engorged larvae and nymphs of amblyomma cajennense, these stages were immersed by 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in test tubes containing distilled water. the period of premolt of the nymphs increased proportionally to the time of immersion (p<0.05). the ecdisis period, the longevity and the mortality (days) were similar in all of treatments (p>0.05). the percentage of ecdisis in nymphs was reduced after 72 hours of immersion of the larvae (p<0.05). none of th ...	2005	16153347
description of the larva of amblyomma longirostre (koch,1844)(acari: ixodidae) by light and scanning electron microscopy.	the description of the larva of amblyomma longirostre (koch, 1844) is based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. larvae (f1) were obtained under laboratory conditions from an engorged a. longirostre female, which had been collected on a coendu prehensilis (linnaeus) (rodentia: erethizontidae) from the jaraguá mountain, são paulo municipality, state of são paulo, brazil. several characters are presented including the chaetotaxy of idiosoma, palps and haller's organ, campaniform sensillum ...	2005	16153345
amblyomma tigrinum (acari: ixodidae): new data on hosts and biology of immature stages and on dna composition.	biological data of immature stages of amblyomma tigrinum were obtained from larvae and nymphs both fed on rats and rabbits. data from nymphs recovered from a wild rodent (galea musteloides) are also reported. additional results in dna composition of males moulted from nymphs fed on laboratory and wild hosts are presented. the ticks were maintained in darkness at 27 +/- 1 degrees c and 83-86% rh. the mean recovery rates were 49.1% and 43.6% with a moulting success of 96.2% and 90.8% in larvae fed ...	2005	16143451
ticks parasitizing reptiles in the bahamas.	two species of reptile ticks, amblyomma dissimile koch and amblyomma torrei pérez vigueras (acari: ixodidae), are reported from the bahama islands for the first time. the widespread neotropical (including the caribbean and southern florida) a. dissimile was recovered on andros island from three species of reptiles all for the first time: the andros iguana cyclura cychlura cychlura cuvier, the andros curly tail lizard leiocephalus carinatus coryi schmidt, and the andros boa epicrates striatus fow ...	2005	16134982
a collection of ticks (ixodidae) from wild birds in uruguay.	thirty nine wild birds from seven families (alcedinidae, emberizidae, furnariidae, parulidae, trochilidae, turdidae and tyrannidae) were caught from 4 to 7 of february, 2004 at rincón da vassoura (31 degrees 15' s 56 degrees 03' w) department of tacuarembó, uruguay. ninety one nymphs and forty one larvae of ixodidae were recovered from them. the majority of ticks were conventionally identified but 16s mitochondrial rdna sequences were obtained for larvae and nymphs of amblyomma with uncertain sp ...	2005	16132744
drop off rhythm and survival periods of amblyomma lepidum (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions.	in this study, engorged amblyomma lepidum ticks were found to drop off in two peaks, one in the morning and one in the evening. most larvae and females engorged during the morning hours between 06.00 h and 10.00 h with a peak around 08.00 h, whereas the majority of the nymphs dropped in the evening between 18.00 h and 24.00 h with the peak around 22.00 h. although the effect of time on drop-off patterns of the ticks was statistically significant (p< or = 0.001), there were no significant seasona ...	2005	16132736
amblyomma latepunctatum, a valid tick species (acari: ixodidae) long misidentified with both amblyomma incisum and amblyomma scalpturatum.	in 2000, we initiated an investigation on the tick fauna of rondônia state, where we collected many specimens of amblyomma scalpturatum neumann, 1906 and amblyomma incisum neumann, 1906. in addition, we also collected a third group of ticks that were morphologically closely related to those 2 species, but sufficiently different to be considered a distinct species; members of this group were subsequently identified as amblyomma latepunctatum tonelli-rondelli, 1939, through comparison with the typ ...	2005	16108543
ticks (acari: ixodida) on wild carnivores in brazil.	the present study reports field data of ticks infesting wild carnivores captured from july 1998 to september 2004 in brazil. additional data were obtained from one tick collection and from previous published data of ticks on carnivores in brazil. during field work, a total of 3437 ticks were collected from 89 cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 58 chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 30 puma concolor (puma), 26 panthera onca (jaguar), 12 procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon), 4 speothos venati ...	2005	16082932
diagnosis of hepatozoon spp. in amblyomma ovale and its experimental transmission in domestic dogs in brazil.	transmission of hepatozoon spp. to dogs was investigated using four species of ixodid ticks: rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma ovale and amblyomma cajennense. we collected completely or partially engorged adult ticks of these species from dogs that were naturally infested and positive for hepatozoon spp. we selected some of these ixodids and inoculated them orally in four negative dogs. the other ticks were dissected and examined for oocysts. of all dogs inoculated orally ...	2005	16081219
rnai-mediated gene silencing to assess the role of synaptobrevin and cystatin in tick blood feeding.	in addition to being the conduit for pathogens into hosts, tick saliva contains a broad array of secretory products that facilitate prolonged tick attachment and blood feeding. proteins found in tick saliva modulate host hemostasis and immune responses. however, it is not clear whether ticks manipulate the immune responses of their hosts by disrupting the antigen-processing pathways of the hosts. protein secretion into tick saliva from the salivary glands is due to exocytosis of vesicular membra ...	2005	16040003
identification of candidate sialome components expressed in ixodid tick salivary glands using secretion signal complementation in mammalian cells.	ixodid ticks manipulate mammalian host pathways by secreting molecules from salivary glands. novel cdnas containing functional secretion signals were isolated from ixodid tick salivary glands using a signal sequence trap. only 15/61 rhipicephalus appendiculatus and 1/7 amblyomma variegatum cdnas had significant identity (< 1e-15) to previously identified sequences. polypeptides that may interact with host pathways included a kinase inhibitor. two proteins encoded homologues of the yolk protein v ...	2005	16033433
detection of ehrlichia spp. in raccoons (procyon lotor) from georgia.	raccoons (procyonis lotor) and opossums (didelphis virginianus) acquired from six contiguous counties in the piedmont physiographic region of georgia were investigated for their potential role in the epidemiology of ehrlichial and anaplasmal species. serum was tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) assay for the presence of antibodies reactive to ehrlichia chaffeensis, e. canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum (hga agent). nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to test whole ...	2005	16011433
rapid detection methods and prevalence estimation for borrelia lonestari glpq in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) pools of unequal size.	dna was extracted from pools of amblyomma americanum ticks collected from vegetation at two sites in fort leonard wood, missouri and tested for the presence of borrelia spp. two new methods were developed to detect borrelia lonestari dna by targeting the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) gene. the first method detected b. lonestari dna using a sybr green i melting curve analysis of the pcr product obtained with glpq gene primers. the second method, a glpq taqman assay, detected and ...	2005	16011431
possible tick-borne human enterovirus resulting in aseptic meningitis.	enterovirus-specific genetic sequences were isolated from two amblyomma americanum tick pools. identical genetic sequences were later obtained from cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with aseptic meningitis and a recent history of tick attachment. these observations suggest the possibility of an emerging tick-borne human enterovirus associated with aseptic meningitis.	2005	16000481
transcription analysis of the major antigenic protein 1 multigene family of three in vitro-cultured ehrlichia ruminantium isolates.	ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, causes heartwater disease in ruminants. the gene coding for the major antigenic protein map1 is part of a multigene family consisting of a cluster containing 16 paralogs. in the search for differentially regulated genes between e. ruminantium grown in endothelial and tick cell lines that could be used in vaccine development and to determine if differences in the map1 gene cluster exist between ...	2005	15995193
repellent efficacy of four commercial deet lotions against amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae), the principal vector of rickettsia africae in southern africa.	african tick bite fever, caused by rickettsia africae, is an emerging zoonotic infection in rural sub-saharan africa and the french west indies. we tested the repellent efficacy of four commercial diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) lotions against amblyomma hebraeum koch, the principal vector of r. africae in southern africa, by using a human bioassay in which repellent-treated fingers were presented to questing tick nymphs hourly for 4h. three lotions with 19.5, 31.6 and 80% deet concentrations, ...	2005	15993907
feeding predilection of gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum koch, nymphs on cattle.	gulf coast tick nymphs successfully attached and fed on cattle after being freely released. six hereford heifers were each infested with approximately 2000 gulf coast tick nymphs, three with a strain originating from refugio co., tx, and three with ticks from osage co., ks by free release on the head and legs to simulate field acquisition of questing nymphs. two re-infestations were conducted, the first at 7 days and the second at 28 days. nymph dispersal was estimated by daily inspection of 22 ...	2005	15993001
polymerase chain reaction detection of cytauxzoon felis from field-collected ticks and sequence analysis of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the ribosomal rna gene.	cytauxzoon felis produces a disease in domestic cats in the midwest (u.s.a.), which often leads to a fatal outcome. although the clinical disease process is well described, there are still many unanswered questions about this organism. for example, it is unknown whether species of ticks other than dermacentor variabilis can serve as vectors for transmission. with recent reports of surviving cats from limited geographic areas, another relevant question is the potential for genetically less virule ...	2005	15986625
sequence variation of the ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer region in two spatially-distinct populations of amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae).	sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) region in 2 spatially distinct populations of amblyomma americanum (l.) revealed intraspecific variation. nucleotide sequences from multiple dna extractions and several polymerase chain reaction amplifications of eggs from mixed-parentage samples from both populations of ticks revealed that 12 of 1,145 (1.0%) sites varied. three of the 12 sites of variation were distinct between the 2 a. americanum populations, whi ...	2005	15986597
effects of combining the fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae on the mortality of the tick amblyomma variegatum (ixodidae) in relation to seasonal changes.	the effect of formulation, fungal concentration, type and seasonal changes on the mortality of the tick amblyomma variegatum was investigated. a previous study demonstrated high pathogenicity of strains of the fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae against the ticks rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum (kaaya et al. j invertebr pathol 1996; 67: 15-20). the present study was undertaken to explore possible additive or synergistic effects of the two fungi on a. variega ...	2005	15983739
redescription of amblyomma fuscum neumann, 1907 (acari: ixodidae), a rare south america tick confirmed in brazil.	the species amblyomma fuscum neumann, 1907 is a rare tick found on the neotropical region, but it has not been recorded as a valid taxon in some lists proposed by current taxonomists. after a comparison between the brazilian material of a. fuscum deposited in the acari collection of the butantan institute, são paulo, brazil, and the male type deposited in leiden museum of natural history, the netherlands, we confirm the taxonomic validity of a. fuscum and redescribe the adult specimens based on ...	2005	15980961
reptile trade and the risk of exotic tick introductions into southern south american countries.	ticks exotic for the neotropical region were found on python regius imported into argentina and chile. all ticks (7 males and 3 females) were classified as amblyomma latum koch, 1844 ( = aponomma latum). additionally, four lots comprising 18 males of the argentinean tortoise tick, amblyomma argentinae neumann, 1904, were found on a terrestrial tortoise, chelonoidis chilensis, and on three terrestrial tortoises (probably c. chilensis) imported to uruguay presumably from argentina). these findings ...	2005	15969465
relative encounter frequencies and prevalence of selected borrelia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma infections in amblyomma americanum and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) ticks from central new jersey.	to evaluate their relative importance in tick-borne disease transmission in new jersey, host-seeking amblyomma americanum (l.) and ixodes scapularis say adults and nymphs were collected during spring activity periods in 2003 and 2004 to determine relative frequencies at which these ticks were encountered from an area known to be hyperendemic for lyme disease. although similar numbers of the two species were encountered during early spring of both years, a. americanum were encountered more often ...	2005	15962799
the fc fragment mediates the uptake of immunoglobulin c from the midgut to hemolymph in the ixodid tick amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	the phenomenon of immunoglobulin uptake from the midgut into the hemolymph has been observed in both argasid and ixodid ticks, but the mechanism of the uptake is not known. using capillary feeding of adult amblyomma americanum (l.) female ticks, we investigated the role of immunoglobulin g fc and fab fragments in the uptake process. intact igg and fragments labeled with 125i were introduced alone or as a mixture with a 10-fold molar excess of unlabeled compounds into ticks, and then the concentr ...	2005	15962788
influence of meso- and microscale habitat structure on focal distribution of sympatric ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae).	we compared the distribution of sympatric ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) within several suitable forested habitats at different spatial scales and characterized differences in microhabitat features accounting for the observed distribution of questing ticks. we used automatic data loggers placed in the shrub and litter layers to contrast mesoclimate and microclimate conditions experienced by questing ticks. larger numbers of i. scapularis were collected at sites where the for ...	2005	15962776
tick-borne viruses.	at least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (argasidae and ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. however, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. ixodes ricinus, amblyomma variegatum) or many (i. uriae) tick-borne viruses. tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (asfarviridae, reoviridae, rhabdoviridae, orthomyxoviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviri ...	2004	15938513
systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names.	in recent years there has been much progress in our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of ticks, in particular the hard ticks (ixodidae). indeed, a consensus about the phylogeny of the hard ticks has emerged which is quite different to the working hypothesis of 10 years ago. so that the classification reflects our knowledge of ticks, several changes to the nomenclature of ticks are imminent or have been made. one subfamily, the hyalomminae, should be sunk, while another, the bothriocro ...	2004	15938503
ticks and tick-borne disease in guatemalan cattle and horses.	blood samples and ticks were collected from 48 cattle and 74 horses from seven sites in the peten region of guatemala. data on body condition, mucous membrane capillary refill time and tick infestation levels were recorded for each animal in the study. horses had significantly higher levels of tick infestation than cattle, as well as poorer body condition scores. seroprevalence of babesia spp. was 95.8% for b. bovis in cattle, 89.6% for b. bigemina in cattle, and 92.7% for b. equi in horses. ser ...	2005	15936147
a cross-reactive tick cement antigen is a candidate broad-spectrum tick vaccine.	truncated constructs of 64p (64trps), a secreted cement protein from salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, provided cross-protection against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ixodes ricinus, apparently by targeting antigens in the midgut and salivary glands of adults and nymphs, causing mortality. tick feeding on 64trp-immunised animals stimulated local inflammatory immune responses (involving basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic-like cells) t ...	2005	15913855
the amblyomma maculatum koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae: amblyomminae) tick group: diagnostic characters, description of the larva of a. parvitarsum neumann, 1901, 16s rdna sequences, distribution and hosts.	a review of the largely confused amblyomma maculatum koch, 1844 tick group of the subgenus anastosiella santos dias, 1963 (a. neumanni ribaga, 1902, a. maculatum, a. parvitarsum neumann, 1901, a. tigrinum koch, 1844 and a. triste koch, 1844) is presented together with a discussion of the diagnostic characters used for the determination of adults, nymphs and, to a lesser extent, larvae. a key for this tick group is produced, including the description of the larva of a. parvitarsum, 1901. sequence ...	2005	15841347
anointing chemicals and ectoparasites: effects of benzoquinones from millipedes on the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum.	many mammals and birds roll on or rub themselves with millipedes that discharge benzoquinones. chemicals transferred from millipedes onto the integument of anointing animals are thought to deter ectoparasites. we tested the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), for responses to three widespread components of millipede defensive secretions, 1,4-benzoquinone; 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (toluquinone); and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (mmb). in toxicity tests, ticks were confined for 1 hr ...	2005	15839480
comparison of in vitro and in vivo ectoparasiticide activity of experimental benzimidazole-carbamate with permethrin and amitraz.	a series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. this compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini); and adult stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l. ...	2005	15799532
observations on distribution and seasonal activity of the gulf coast tick in mississippi.	medical importance of the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum koch, has been highlighted with the recent discovery of a new rickettsial pathogen associated with this tick. accordingly, distribution and seasonal collection records of a. maculatum were assessed in mississippi by using three sources of data: sampling of experimental field plots, national tick collection records, and mississippi department of health human tick biting records. a. maculatum was collected in 17/82 (21%) mississippi co ...	2005	15799527
manipulation of host cytokine network by ticks: a potential gateway for pathogen transmission.	ticks are obligatory blood-feeding arthropods that secrete various immunomodulatory molecules to antagonize host inflammatory and immune responses. cytokines play an important role in regulating these responses. we investigated the extent to which ticks interact with the sophisticated cytokine network by comparing the effect of salivary gland extracts (sge) of 3 ixodid tick species, dermacentor reticulatus, amblyomma variegatum and ixodes ricinus, all of which are important vectors of tick-borne ...	2005	15796016
susceptibility of amblyomma variegatum ticks to acaricides in ghana.	abstract. the susceptibility of unfed and fed stages of larvae, nymphs and adult females of amblyomma variegatum ticks were tested using shaw's filter paper dip method against four acaricides; chlorfenvinphos and dioxathion, chlorfenvinphos, gamma benzene hexachloride and amitraz at four different concentrations including the recommended dose rates. based on their lethal concentrations (lc50 & lc90) chlorfenvinphos and dioxathion combined and chlorfenvinphos alone placed first and second, respec ...	2005	15792105
ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of chile.	the tick species recorded from chile can be listed under the following headings: (1) endemic or established: argas keiransi estrada-peña, venzal and gonzalez-acuña, a. neghmei kohls and hoogstraal; ornithodoros amblus chamberlin; otobius megnini (dugès); amblyomma parvitarsum neumann; a. tigrinum koch; ixodes auritulus neumann; i. chilensis kohls; i. cornuae arthur, i. sigelos keirans, clifford and corwin; i. stilesi neumann; i. uriae white; rhipicephalus sanguineus koch. (2) probably establishe ...	2005	15777007
an opioid peptide from synganglia of the tick, amblyomma testindinarium.	an opioid peptide, which shares similarity with mammalian hemorphins, has been identified from the synganglia (central nervous system) of the hard tick, amblyomma testindiarium. its primary sequence was established as lvvypwtkm that contains a tetrapeptide sequence tyr-pro-trp-thr of hemorphin-like opioid peptides. by hot-plate bioassay, the purified peptide and synthetic peptide displayed dose-related antinociceptive effect in mice, as observed for other hemorphin-like opioid peptides. this is ...	2004	15752574
rickettsial infection in animals and brazilian spotted fever endemicity.	we compared the rickettsial infection status of amblyomma cajennense ticks, humans, dogs, and horses in both brazilian spotted fever (bsf)-endemic and -nonendemic areas in the state of sao paulo, brazil. most of the horses and few dogs from bsf-endemic areas had serologic titers against rickettsia rickettsii antigens. in contrast, no dogs or horses from bsf-nonendemic areas had serologic titers against r. rickettsii antigens, although they were continually exposed to a. cajennense ticks. all hum ...	2005	15752445
improving the specificity of 16s rdna-based polymerase chain reaction for detecting borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-causative agents of human lyme disease.	16s rdna sequences of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were aligned with the 16s rdna sequences of borrelia hermsii, borrelia turicatae, and borrelia lonestari in order to identify primers that might be used to more specifically identify agents of human lyme disease in ticks in human skin samples.	2005	15752343
repellency of deet and ss220 applied to skin involves olfactory sensing by two species of ticks.	responses of host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say and lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (linnaeus) (acari: ixodidae) to the repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and (1s, 2's)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (ss220) were studied using fingertip laboratory bioassays. ethanol solutions of both compounds applied to the skin strongly repelled both species of ticks at 0.8 and 1.6 micromole of compound/cm2 skin. the ticks were also repelled wh ...	2005	15752184
borreliacidal activity of saliva of the tick amblyomma americanum.	amblyomma americanum (linneaus) (acari: ixodidae), an important tick vector of human and animal disease, is not a competent vector of the bacterial agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, although its range overlaps the geographical distribution of lyme disease within the united states. a possible mechanism that could prevent acquisition of b. burgdorferi spirochetes from infected hosts is the toxic effect of a. americanum saliva on b. burgdorferi. the data presented here indicate that afte ...	2005	15752182
preliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in northern sudan.	in a cross sectional survey conducted during the period june 2001 to july 2002, the geographical distribution of ticks on cattle in the sudan was determined. seventeen locations were surveyed from northern, central, eastern, western, blue nile and white nile provinces. total body collections of ticks were made from 20 cattle at each location. four tick genera and 11 species were identified. the tick species collected included amblyomma lepidum, amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, hyalom ...	2004	15732459
an attenuated ehrlichia ruminantium (welgevonden stock) vaccine protects small ruminants against virulent heartwater challenge.	heartwater is a tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by the intracellular rickettsia ehrlichia ruminantium. the only commercially available immunization procedure involves infecting animals with cryopreserved sheep blood containing virulent e. ruminantium organisms, followed by treatment with tetracyclines when fever develops. the virulent welgevonden stock of e. ruminantium was attenuated by continuous propagation of the organisms in a canine macrophage-monocyte cell line (dh82), followed by ...	2005	15705474
molecular differentiation of metastriate tick immatures.	hard ticks, family ixodidae, are divided into two groups, the metastriata and the prostriata, based on morphological differences. in the united states, there are four medically important genera of the ixodidae: ixodes, amblyomma, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus. ixodes is the only genus in and representative of the prostriata, whereas the latter three genera are members of the metastriata. all developmental stages of the prostriata can be easily differentiated from the metastriata using morpholog ...	2004	15682516
lack of susceptibility of guinea pigs and gerbils to experimental infection with ehrlichia chaffeensis.	guinea pigs and mongolian gerbils were experimentally infected with ehrlichia chaffeensis (st. vincent strain, 10 passages in vitro). the infection was monitored by serial blood sampling for pcr and by xenodiagnosis with amblyomma americanum larvae. exposure to the pathogen was confirmed using serology. neither guinea pigs nor gerbils were susceptible to infection with e. chaffeensis, and ticks fed upon these animals did not become infected with the pathogen.	2004	15682515
evaluation of immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice (mus musculus) for infection with ehrlichia chaffeensis and transmission to amblyomma americanum ticks.	experiments on the natural history of ehrlichia chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), would be facilitated by the availability of a laboratory animal model for transmission to vector ticks. five strains of mice were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection with e. chaffeensis and transmission competence: c57bl/6 mice, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) deficient mice, mhc i deficient (beta2m /) mice, mhc ii deficient mice (abb /), and b and t cell deficient (ra ...	2004	15671738
microbiologic evaluation of patients from missouri with erythema migrans.	borrelia lonestari infects amblyomma americanum, the tick species that is the most common cause of tick bites in southeast and south-central united states, and this spirochete has been detected in an erythema migrans (em)-like skin rash in 1 patient. therefore, b. lonestari is considered to be a leading candidate for the etiologic agent of em in this region.	2005	15668867
susceptibility of mice (mus musculus) to repeated infestation with amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) ticks.	laboratory mice, mus musculus (l.), balb/c strain, were assessed for their ability to develop resistance to repeated infestation by amblyomma americanum (l.) ticks. mice were infested five consecutive times with a. americanum nymphs. no decrease in tick viability was seen after five infestations, suggesting that balb/c mice do not develop immune-mediated resistance to a. americanum. in contrast, tick viability was significantly reduced in the second infestation of a new zealand white rabbit, a l ...	2004	15605656
detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in adult and nymphal amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) ticks from long island, new york.	the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), has increased in abundance in several regions of the northeastern united states, including areas of long island, ny. adult and nymphal stage a. americanum collected from several sites on long island were evaluated for infection with ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), by using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. fifty-nine (12.5%) of 473 adults and eight of 113 pools of five nymphs each (estimated ...	2004	15605650
rickettsia bellii and rickettsia amblyommii in amblyomma ticks from the state of rondônia, western amazon, brazil.	this study evaluates the rickettsial presence in amblyomma ticks from eight areas of the amazon forest in rondônia, brazil. the following tick species (number in parentheses) were examined: amblyomma ovale koch (121), amblyomma cajennense (f.) (41), amblyomma naponense (packard) (36), amblyomma scalpturatum neumann (35), amblyomma oblongoguttatum koch (30), amblyomma incisum neumann (27), amblyomma rotundatum koch (16), amblyomma coelebs neumann (10), and amblyomma humerale koch (6). ticks were ...	2004	15605647
an in vitro larval immersion microassay for identifying and characterizing candidate acaricides.	we have optimized a larval immersion microassay (lim) that offers superior sensitivity, flexibility to accommodate multiple formulations, and a robust capability for rapidly screening many compounds with a minimal requirement of test article for evaluation. dose-response studies were conducted for representative members from the organophosphate, pyrethroid, pyrazole, carbamate, macrocyclic lactone, and formamidine chemistries against amblyomma americanum (l.). time-response experiments revealed ...	2004	15605642
the caribbean amblyomma program: some ecologic factors affecting its success.	the caribbean amblyomma program has been operational for 8 years. however, owing to funding availability, some islands did not commence eradication activities until late 1997. during the past 2 years, 6 of the 9 islands (st. kitts, st. lucia, anguilla, montserrat, barbados, and dominica) under the program have attained the status of provisional freedom from the tropical bont tick (tbt). there are several administrative and technical reasons why the attainment of the program goals took longer tha ...	2004	15604510
successful infestation by amblyomma pseudoconcolor and a. cooperi (acari: ixodidae) on horses.	the host relationships for most species of the genus amblyomma are poorly known in brazil. the ability of a. pseudoconcolor and a. cooperi to successfully feed on horses was investigated during ongoing research on the life cycle of these two species, which are primarily associated with wildlife. results of these experiments suggest that horses are potential hosts for the adult stages of both species.	2004	15604498
nested pcr for detection and genotyping of ehrlichia ruminantium: use in genetic diversity analysis.	ehrlichia ruminantium, the agent of cowdriosis transmitted by amblyomma ticks, presents an extensive genetic and antigenic diversity of key importance for vaccine formulation. two means of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting were developed to conduct molecular epidemiology studies in the caribbean and africa. the first used a conserved dna fragment for detection of the pathogen in animals and vectors, and the second relied on the polymorphic map1 gene for genotyping. as compared to ...	2004	15604477
[random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of the genomes among 7 species of ticks].	to study genomic polymorphic dna and genetic distance of 7 species of ticks.	2004	15587156
seasonal distribution and abundance of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in northwestern florida.	a 2-yr study was conducted in a northwestern florida state park and recreation area to determine tick species composition, seasonal abundance, and spatial distribution. risk of tick attachment to park visitors was also assessed relative to tick abundance from several habitats. tick collections consisted of weekly cloth drag samples obtained from ground and emergent vegetation along a deer trail, a walking trail located in a 3-mo-old control burned area of forest, a nonburned walking trail, picni ...	2000	15535590