Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| modeling the impact of climate and landscape on the efficacy of white tailed deer vaccination for cattle tick control in northeastern mexico. | cattle ticks are distributed worldwide and affect animal health and livestock production. white tailed deer (wtd) sustain and spread cattle tick populations. the aim of this study was to model the efficacy of anti-tick vaccination of wtd to control tick infestations in the absence of cattle vaccination in a territory where both host species coexist and sustain cattle tick populations. agent-based models that included land cover/landscape properties (patch size, distances to patches) and climatic ... | 2014 | 25047078 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two novel autophagy-related genes belonging to the atg8 family from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is an obligate haematophagous arthropod and the major problem for cattle industry due to economic losses it causes. the parasite shows a remarkable adaptability to changing environmental conditions as well as an exceptional ability to survive long-term starvation. this ability has been related to a process of intracellular protein degradation called autophagy. this process in ticks is still poorly understood and only few autophagy-related (atg) genes have been ... | 2014 | 25039003 |
| partial sequencing of bm86 gene for studying the phylogeny of an indian isolate of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. | tick gut glycoprotein, designated as bm86, found on the luminal surface of the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells of boophilus microplus, which is a concealed antigen, has been used as vaccine candidate molecule for immunization against ticks. to better understand the molecular diversity of bm86 gene in ticks, a portion of the cdna was sequenced from an indian isolate of b. microplus. comparison of nucleotide sequence revealed that indian isolate had 97 % homology (18 polymorphisms) with th ... | 2013 | 25035581 |
| acaricide activity in vitro of acmella oleracea against rhipicephalus microplus. | cattle tick control has been limited by the resistance of these parasites to synthetic acaricides. natural products are a possible alternative as they have different mechanisms of action. acmella oleracea is a native plant with a large cultivated area in the amazon region and could be easily used for large-scale preparation of a commercial product. this study evaluated the in vitro action of the hexane extract of the aerial parts of a. oleracea on larvae and engorged females of the cattle tick r ... | 2014 | 25033813 |
| first molecular evidence of hepatozoon canis infection in red foxes and golden jackals from hungary. | recently, hepatozoon canis infection has been detected among shepherd, hunting and stray dogs in the southern part of hungary, which is considered to be free of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and close to the border with croatia. the aim of this study was to acquire information on the possibility that red foxes and/or golden jackals could play a role in the appearance and spread of h. canis in hungary. | 2014 | 24985073 |
| a 24-48 h fed amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. | multiple tick saliva proteins, the majority of which are unknown, confer tick resistance in repeatedly infested animals. the objective of this study was to identify the 24-48 h fed amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. the 24-48 h tick-feeding phase is critical to tick parasitism as it precedes important events in tick biology, blood meal feeding and disease agent transmission. fed male, 24 and 96 h fed female phage display cdna expression libraries were biopanned using rabbit antibo ... | 2014 | 24962723 |
| in vitro establishment of ivermectin-resistant rhipicephalus microplus cell line and the contribution of abc transporters on the resistance mechanism. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most economically damaging livestock ectoparasites, and its widespread resistance to acaricides is a considerable challenge to its control. in this scenario, the establishment of resistant cell lines is a useful approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of acaricide resistance, to identify drug resistance markers, and to develop new acaricides. this study describes the establishment of an ivermectin (ivm)-resistant r. ... | 2014 | 24956999 |
| inhibition of the recombinant cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus glutathione s-transferase. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus is a bloodsucking ectoparasite that causes severe production losses in the cattle industry. this study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects of tannic acid, hematin (gst inhibitors) and different plant extracts (rich in tannic acid) on the activity of the recombinant glutathione s-transferase enzyme of the egyptian cattle tick r. annulatus (rragst), in order to confirm their ability to inhibit the parasitic essential detoxification enzyme glutathione s-transfe ... | 2014 | 24953796 |
| the salivary secretome of the biting midge, culicoides sonorensis. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about culicoides genomics and proteomics. detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding dipteran families, including those of mosquito (culicidae) and black fly (simuliidae), have shown that protein components with ... | 2014 | 24949243 |
| estimation of the genome sizes of the chigger mites leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare based on quantitative pcr and k-mer analysis. | leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare are the major vector mites for orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. before these organisms can be subjected to whole-genome sequencing, it is necessary to estimate their genome sizes to obtain basic information for establishing the strategies that should be used for genome sequencing and assembly. | 2014 | 24947244 |
| ticks of australia. the species that infest domestic animals and humans. | the book australian ticks by f.h.s. roberts (1970) is a land-mark in australian tick biology. but it is time for a new and improved book on the ticks of australia. the present book has identification guides and accounts of the biology and diseases associated with the 16 species of ticks that may feed on domestic animals and humans in australia. these comprise five argasid (soft) ticks: argas persicus (poultry tick), argas robertsi (robert's bird tick), ornithodoros capensis (seabird soft tick), ... | 2014 | 24943801 |
| expression of immune response genes in peripheral blood of cattle infested with rhipicephalus microplus. | the bovine tick rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for severe economic losses in tropical cattle production. bos indicus breeds are more resistant to tick infestations than are bos taurus breeds, and the understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in this difference is important for the development of new methods of parasite control. we evaluated differences in the transcript expression of genes related to the immune response in the peripheral blood of cattle previously characteri ... | 2014 | 24938612 |
| esterase mediated resistance against synthetic pyrethroids in field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in punjab districts of india. | detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (sp), in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from thirteen districts of punjab (india) was carried out using adult immersion test. the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of concentrations of drugs were utilized for the determination of slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (lc50), 95% (lc95) and resistance factor (rf). on t ... | 2014 | 24927858 |
| the modulation of the symbiont/host interaction between wolbachia pipientis and aedes fluviatilis embryos by glycogen metabolism. | wolbachia pipientis, a maternally transmitted bacterium that colonizes arthropods, may affect the general aspects of insect physiology, particularly reproduction. wolbachia is a natural endosymbiont of aedes fluviatilis, whose effects in embryogenesis and reproduction have not been addressed so far. in this context, we investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism and morphological alterations during a. fluviatilis embryo development in wolbachia-positive (w+) and wolbachia-negative (w ... | 2014 | 24926801 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype strain distinguished by the trp36 gene naturally infects cattle in brazil and causes clinical manifestations associated with ehrlichiosis. | a novel ehrlichia genotype most closely related to e. canis was reported in north american cattle in 2010, and a similar agent was subsequently identified in the hemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks and isolated in 2012. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this or other novel ehrlichial agents naturally infect brazilian cattle. using pcr targeting the genus-conserved dsb gene, dna from this novel ehrlichial agent in brazilian cattle was detected. attemp ... | 2014 | 24915874 |
| a treatment with a protease inhibitor recombinant from the cattle tick (rhipicephalus boophilus microplus) ameliorates emphysema in mice. | to determine whether a serine protease inhibitor treatment can prevent or minimize emphysema in mice. | 2014 | 24886716 |
| tick-borne pathogens and associated co-infections in ticks collected from domestic animals in central china. | ticks can transmit a number of pathogens to humans and domestic animals. tick borne diseases (tbds), which may lead to organ failure and death have been recently reported in china. 98.75% of the total cases (>1000) in henan provinces have been reported in xinyang city. therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the fauna of ticks and detect the potential pathogens in ticks in xinyang, the region of central china. | 2014 | 24886497 |
| assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity of 2 ethyl-carbamates with activity against rhipicephalus microplus in rats. | the acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. the oral ld50 of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal ld50 of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (p < 0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. these clinical signs were evident from the 300 m ... | 2014 | 24883331 |
| knockdown of the rhipicephalus microplus cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii gene is associated with a failure of anaplasma marginale transmission. | rhipicephalus microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle and an important biological vector of anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions. the primary determinants for a. marginale transmission are infection of the tick gut, followed by infection of salivary glands. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs via infected saliva delivered during tick feeding. interference in colonization of either the tick gut or salivary glands can affect transmission of a. mar ... | 2014 | 24878588 |
| design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation and preliminary sar studies of n-(2-(heteroaryloxy)propyl)phenothiazines against rhipicephalus microplus cattle tick. | a family of 15 n-substituted phenothiazines was designed, synthesized and their acaricidal activity against rhipicephalus microplus was determined in vitro. the synthetic methodology is simple and can be employed in multigram scale. the rationale for the structure-based design of these compounds is the potential for azines and phenothiazine to engage in π-π interactions; these fragments, joined together by a short, flexible alkoxide linker, structurally resemble phenothiazine-based cholinesteras ... | 2014 | 24878192 |
| rural residents in china are at increased risk of exposure to tick-borne pathogens anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | as emerging tick born rickettsial diseases caused by a. phagocytophilum and e. chaffeensis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis have become a serious threat to human and animal health throughout the world. in particular, in china, an unusual transmission of nosocomial cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis occurred in anhui province in 2006 and more recent coinfection case of a. phagocytophilum and e. chaffeensis was documented in shandong province. although the seroprevalence of human granulocytic ... | 2014 | 24877080 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick in vitro feeding methods for functional (dsrna) and vaccine candidate (antibody) screening. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) ticks cause economic losses for cattle industries throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world estimated at $us2.5 billion annually. lack of access to efficacious long-lasting vaccination regimes and increases in tick acaricide resistance have led to the investigation of targets for the development of novel tick vaccines and treatments. in vitro tick feeding has been used for many tick species to study the effect of new acaricides ... | 2014 | 24875450 |
| efficacy of fipronil (1.0 mg/kg) against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus strains resistant to ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg). | the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fipronil (1 mg/kg) against three strains of ivermectin-resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (r. (b.) microplus), naturally infesting cattle from different states of brazil. three rural properties with a history of macrocyclic lactones ineffectiveness against the cattle tick, and low frequency use of fipronil in the herd, were selected for the study. the animals were randomized according to the mean tick counts, performed on days -3, -2 ... | 2014 | 24853051 |
| targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis. | babesia bovis is a tick-borne intraerythocytic protozoan responsible for acute disease in cattle which can be controlled by vaccination with attenuated b. bovis strains. emerging b. bovis transfection technologies may increase the usefulness of these live vaccines. one use of transfected b. bovis parasites may be as a vaccine delivery platform. previous transfection methods for b. bovis were limited by single expression sites and intracellular expression of transfected antigens. this study descr ... | 2014 | 24840336 |
| effects of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of fluazuron (3.0 mg/kg) + abamectin (0.5 mg/kg) on the reproductive parameters of a field population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on experimentally infested cattle. | the current study assessed the deleterious effects of two formulations of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg fluazuron and a combination of 3.0 mg/kg fluazuron + 0.5 mg/kg abamectin) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that naturally detached from experimentally infested cattle in two experiments. based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) showed deleterious effects only on the hatchability percentage in the period of 2-7 po ... | 2014 | 24837997 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in insect cadaver formulations for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | this study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains in insect cadaver formulations against rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent epns applied in cadavers of galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. in the first experiment, infected g. mellonela larvae were used as the source of epns. engorged females of r. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of g. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species o ... | 2014 | 24836639 |
| subchronic toxicity study in rats of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. | female and male wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). the evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. however, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations i ... | 2014 | 24818142 |
| rmkk, a tissue kallikrein inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus eggs. | rhipicephalus microplus is an important ectoparasite that is responsible for transmission of anaplasmosis and babesiosis to cattle. tissue kallikrein inhibitors might play an important role in r. microplus eggs. in the present work, we purified and characterized, a tissue kallikrein inhibitor presents in r. microplus eggs (rmkk), a protein which contains two kunitz domain in tandem. purified inhibitor was confirmed by amino terminal determination and its dissociation constant (ki) for bovine try ... | 2014 | 24814709 |
| subclinical anaplasmosis in camel (camelus dromedarius) and its successful therapeutic management. | on the indian sub continent, dromedarian camel -'the ship of the desert' is an important constituent of the socio economic life style of nomadic owners in the semi arid to arid ecosystems. the animal suffers from a few parasitic diseases viz. surra, coccidiosis, sarcocystis, gastro intestinal concurrent metazoan infections, mange, nasal bots and ticks infestations. however, anaplasmosis in camel has not been reported so far from the indian subcontinent. systematic investigations of a 7 year male ... | 2012 | 24808644 |
| subolesin: a candidate vaccine antigen for the control of cattle tick infestations in indian situation. | identification of cross-protective tick vaccine antigens is a challenging area of veterinary research. to address this challenge, a recently identified candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), was targeted in this research. the conservation of subolesin ortholog of hyalomma anatolicum and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus across different indian strains was 98.1-99.4% (within species), while at the amino acid level sub sequence homology was ≥53.2% (between tick species). recombinant ... | 2014 | 24795229 |
| proteomic analysis of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus saliva: a comparison between partially and fully engorged females. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful parasites affecting bovines. similarly to other hematophagous ectoparasites, r. microplus saliva contains a collection of bioactive compounds that inhibit host defenses against tick feeding activity. thus, the study of tick salivary components offers opportunities for the development of immunological based tick control methods and medicinal applications. so far, only a few proteins have been identified in cattle tick ... | 2014 | 24762651 |
| a tick-borne segmented rna virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors. | although segmented and unsegmented rna viruses are commonplace, the evolutionary links between these two very different forms of genome organization are unclear. we report the discovery and characterization of a tick-borne virus--jingmen tick virus (jmtv)--that reveals an unexpected connection between segmented and unsegmented rna viruses. the jmtv genome comprises four segments, two of which are related to the nonstructural protein genes of the genus flavivirus (family flaviviridae), whereas th ... | 2014 | 24753611 |
| invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern united states. | for >100 years cattle production in the southern united states has been threatened by cattle fever. it is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites babesia bovis and b. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus boophilus. in 1906 an eradication effort was started and by 1943 boophilus ticks had been confined to a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the texas-mexico border. ho ... | 2014 | 24742062 |
| widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (rhipicephalus microplus) in southern texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (babesia bovis and b. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. r. microplus and babesia are endemic in mexico and ticks persist in the united states inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the rio grande. this containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus). | 2014 | 24742041 |
| high genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale detected from philippine cattle. | a total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groel) gene-pcr assay. the screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (msp1a) gene-pcr assay. screening pcr results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the a. marginale infection. subsequent amplification using the msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. in addition, 37 tandem-repe ... | 2014 | 24717413 |
| detection of borrelia theileri in rhipicephalus geigyi from mali. | disease burden within cattle is a concern around the world. bovine borreliosis, one such disease, is caused by the spirochete borrelia theileri transmitted by the bite of an infected rhipicephalus (boophilus) species tick. a number of species within the genus are capable of transmitting the agent and are found on multiple continents. cattle in the west african nation of mali are infested with four species of rhipicephalus ticks of the subgenus boophilus: rhipicephalus annulatus, rhipicephalus mi ... | 2014 | 24709337 |
| acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: the state of play. | cattle ticks are an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. use of synthetic acaricides is the primary method of tick control; therefore, it would be imperative to develop strategies to preserve the efficacy of existing acaricides. this paper summarizes the status of acaricide resistance in cattle ticks from different parts of the world and reviews modes of action of currently used acaricides, mechanism of resistance development, contributory ... | 2014 | 24709006 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus). | in this study, we report the basic characteristics of the cattle tick mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rrnas, trnas and protein-coding genes. the total length of the mitogenome was 14,901 bp and its overall base composition was estimated to be 38.8% for a, 40.8% for t, 11.3 % for c, 9.1% for g, respectively, indicating an a-t(79.6 %)-rich feature in rhipicephalus microplus mitogenome. | 2016 | 24708109 |
| rnai in arthropods: insight into the machinery and applications for understanding the pathogen-vector interface. | the availability of genome sequencing data in combination with knowledge of expressed genes via transcriptome and proteome data has greatly advanced our understanding of arthropod vectors of disease. not only have we gained insight into vector biology, but also into their respective vector-pathogen interactions. by combining the strengths of postgenomic databases and reverse genetic approaches such as rnai, the numbers of available drug and vaccine targets, as well as number of transgenes for su ... | 2012 | 24705082 |
| molecular biology of insect sodium channels and pyrethroid resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the initiation and propagation of the action potential in neurons and other excitable cells. because of their critical roles in electrical signaling, sodium channels are targets of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic neurotoxins, including several classes of insecticides. this review is intended to provide an update on the molecular biology of insect sodium channels and the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. although mammalian ... | 2014 | 24704279 |
| secretome of the biocontrol agent metarhizium anisopliae induced by the cuticle of the cotton pest dysdercus peruvianus reveals new insights into infection. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus that has evolved specialized strategies to infect insect hosts. here we analyzed secreted proteins related to dysdercus peruvianus infection. using shotgun proteomics, abundance changes in 71 proteins were identified after exposure to host cuticle. among these proteins were classical fungal effectors secreted by pathogens to degrade physical barriers and alter host physiology. these include lipolytic enzymes, pr1a, b, c, i, and j proteases, ro ... | 2014 | 24702058 |
| analysis of the risk factors relating to cows' resistance to rhipicephalus microplus ticks during the peripartum. | this study aimed to evaluate season, breed, number of lactations and milk production as risk factors relating to rhipicephalus microplus infestation in dairy cows during the peripartum. eighty-four animals were randomly selected through proportional stratified sampling. all engorged and partially engorged female r. microplus specimens measuring 4.5-8.0 mm were counted during the 5 weeks before calving, calving week and 5 weeks after calving. the peripartum had a significant effect [calving (p < ... | 2014 | 24699772 |
| transcriptional activation of antioxidants may compensate for selenoprotein deficiencies in amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae) injected with selk- or selm-dsrna. | the gulf-coast tick, amblyomma maculatum, possesses an elaborate set of selenoproteins, which prevent the deleterious effects from oxidative stress that would otherwise occur during feeding. in the current work, we examined the role of selenoprotein k (selk) and selenoprotein m (selm) in feeding a. maculatum by bioinformatics, transcriptional gene expression, rna interference and antioxidant assays. the transcriptional expression of selk did not vary significantly in salivary glands or midguts t ... | 2014 | 24698418 |
| reprolysin metalloproteases from ixodes persulcatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus microplus ticks. | metalloproteases (mps) have been considered essential for blood feeding and other physiological functions in several hematophagous animals, including ticks. we report the characterization of mp sequences of three important ticks from asia, africa and america: ixodes persulcatus (ip-mps), rhipicephalus sanguineus (rs-mps) and r. microplus (brrm-mps). amino acid sequence identity between r. microplus and r. sanguineus mps ranged from 76 to 100 %, and identities among i. persulcatus, i. ricinus and ... | 2014 | 24687173 |
| phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences indicates that the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, contains a cryptic species. | cattle ticks of the subgenus rhipicephalus (boophilus) are major agricultural pests worldwide, causing billions of dollars in losses annually. rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus and r. microplus are the most well-known and widespread species, and a third species, r. australis, was recently reinstated for 'r. microplus' from australia and parts of southeast asia. we use mitochondrial genome sequences to address the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the subgenus boophilus. we sequen ... | 2014 | 24685498 |
| detection of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from sbs nagar, punjab, india. | the resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from sbs nagar, punjab, was evaluated against amitraz by adult immersion test (ait). the regression graph of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz revealed the slope of mortality (95% ci) as 2.36 ± 0.61 (0.38 to 4.33). the lc50 (95% ci) and lc95 (95% ci) values were recorded as 332.52 ppm (305.06-362.44) and 1646.93 ppm (1383.97-1959.84), respectively, and t ... | 2014 | 24683347 |
| an immunomics approach to schistosome antigen discovery: antibody signatures of naturally resistant and chronically infected individuals from endemic areas. | schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is responsible for almost 300,000 deaths annually. mass drug administration (mda) is used worldwide for the control of schistosomiasis, but chemotherapy fails to prevent reinfection with schistosomes, so mda alone is not sufficient to eliminate the disease, and a prophylactic vaccine is required. herein, we take advantage of recent advances in systems biology and longitudinal studies in schistosomiasis endemic areas in brazil to pilot an immun ... | 2014 | 24675823 |
| mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ... | 2014 | 24662974 |
| enzymatic activities and effects of mycovirus infection on the virulence of metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus microplus. | the present study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of different metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates and to determine whether differences in enzymatic activities of proteases, lipases and chitinases and infection with mycoviruses affect the control of rhipicephalus microplus achieved by these fungal isolates. engorged female ticks were exposed to fungal suspensions. the lipolytic and proteolytic activities in the isolates were evaluated using chromogenic substrates and the chitinolytic ... | 2014 | 24661809 |
| determination of discriminating dose and evaluation of amitraz resistance status in different field isolates of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in india. | field tick isolates of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were collected from eleven districts located in the northern and eastern states of india to access the resistance status to "amitraz". adult immersion test was optimized using laboratory reared acaricide susceptible ivri-i line and minimum effective concentration was determined as 487.7 ppm with 95 % confidence interval of 455.8-521.8. the discriminating concentration was determined as 975.4 ppm and was tested on female ticks collected b ... | 2014 | 24659517 |
| acaricidal effect of herbal extracts against cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using in vitro studies. | the crude methanolic extract of datura stramonium, azadirachta indica, and calotropis procera leaves, allium sativum (as) cloves, and carica papaya (cp) seeds collected from banaskanta, gujarat (india) was tested for its acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ... | 2014 | 24633906 |
| characterisation of divergent flavivirus ns3 and ns5 protein sequences detected in rhipicephalus microplus ticks from brazil. | transcripts similar to those that encode the nonstructural (ns) proteins ns3 and ns5 from flaviviruses were found in a salivary gland (sg) complementary dna (cdna) library from the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. tick extracts were cultured with cells to enable the isolation of viruses capable of replicating in cultured invertebrate and vertebrate cells. deep sequencing of the viral rna isolated from culture supernatants provided the complete coding sequences for the ns3 and ns5 proteins an ... | 2013 | 24626302 |
| molecular cloning of ra-shspi, a novel member of the hsp20 family from rhipicephalus annulatus salivary glands. | infestation of cattle by ticks of rhipicephalus spp. results in severe veterinary and economical losses. identification of novel proteins from tick salivary glands will enhance our understanding of several aspects of tick physiology and will aid in the development of anti-tick vaccines. small heat shock proteins (hsps) have important roles in infection and immunity, especially between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts while initially performing their molecular chaperone activity. here, we ... | 2014 | 24625965 |
| gene cloning, expression and immunogenicity of the protective antigen subolesin in dermacentor silvarum. | subolesin (4d8), the ortholog of insect akirins, is a highly conserved protective antigen and thus has the potential for development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against ticks and mosquitoes. to date, no protective antigens have been characterized nor tested as candidate vaccines against dermacentor silvarum bites and transmission of associated pathogens. in this study, we cloned the open reading frame (orf) of d. silvarum 4d8 cdna (ds4d8), which consisted of 498 bp encoding 165 amino acid residu ... | 2014 | 24623890 |
| identification of rhipicephalus microplus genes that modulate the infection rate of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. | arthropod vectors transmit a diversity of animal and human pathogens, ranging from rna viruses to protozoal parasites. chemotherapeutic control of pathogens has classically focused either on insecticides that kill the vector itself or antimicrobials for infected patients. the limitation of the former is that it targets both infected and uninfected vectors and selects for resistant populations while the latter requires prompt and accurate diagnosis. an alternative strategy is to target vector mol ... | 2014 | 24608654 |
| emerging phleboviruses. | the bunyavidae family is the largest grouping of rna viruses and arguably the most diverse. bunyaviruses have a truly global distribution and can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. the majority of bunyaviruses are vectored by arthropods and thus have the remarkable capability to replicate in hosts of disparate phylogeny. the family has provided many examples of emerging viruses including sin nombre and related viruses responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the americas ... | 2014 | 24607799 |
| an insight into the microbiome of the amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of this study was to survey the bacterial diversity of amblyomma maculatum koch, 1844, and characterize its infection with rickettsia parkeri. pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16s rrna was used to determine the total bacterial population in a. maculatum. pyrosequencing analysis identified rickettsia in a. maculatum midguts, salivary glands, and saliva, which indicates successful trafficking in the arthropod vector. the identity of rickettsia spp. was determined based on sequencing the ric ... | 0 | 24605461 |
| assessment of four dna fragments (coi, 16s rdna, its2, 12s rdna) for species identification of the ixodida (acari: ixodida). | the 5' region of cytochrome oxidase i (coi) is the standard marker for dna barcoding. however, coi has proved to be of limited use in identifying some species, and for some taxa, the coding sequence is not efficiently amplified by pcr. these deficiencies lead to uncertainty as to whether coi is the most suitable barcoding fragment for species identification of ticks. | 2014 | 24589289 |
| in vitro culture of a novel genotype of ehrlichia sp. from brazil. | ehrlichiae are obligate intracytoplasmic gram-negative, tick-borne bacteria belonging to the anaplasmataceae family. ehrlichioses are considered emerging diseases in both humans and animals. several members of the genus ehrlichia have been isolated and propagated in vitro. this study describes the continuous propagation of a brazilian ehrlichia sp. isolate in ide8 tick cells, canine dh82 cells and bovine aorta cells. initially, the organisms were isolated from the haemolymph of a rhipicephalus ( ... | 2013 | 24589106 |
| a systems biology approach to the characterization of stress response in dermacentor reticulatus tick unfed larvae. | dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794) is distributed in europe and asia where it infests and transmits disease-causing pathogens to humans, pets and other domestic and wild animals. however, despite its role as a vector of emerging or re-emerging diseases, very little information is available on the genome, transcriptome and proteome of d. reticulatus. tick larvae are the first developmental stage to infest hosts, acquire infection and transmit pathogens that are transovarially transmitted a ... | 2014 | 24586875 |
| comparative bioinformatics, temporal and spatial expression analyses of ixodes scapularis organic anion transporting polypeptides. | organic anion-transporting polypeptides (oatps) are an integral part of the detoxification mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates. these cell surface proteins are involved in mediating the sodium-independent uptake and/or distribution of a broad array of organic amphipathic compounds and xenobiotic drugs. this study describes bioinformatics and biological characterization of 9 oatp sequences in the ixodes scapularis genome. these sequences have been annotated on the basis of 12 transmembrane ... | 2014 | 24582512 |
| rickettsia and vector biodiversity of spotted fever focus, atlantic rain forest biome, brazil. | 0 | 24565262 | |
| first report of fluazuron resistance in rhipicephalus microplus: a field tick population resistant to six classes of acaricides. | the control of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus is based mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, which has contributed to the emerging problem of selection of resistant tick populations. currently, there are six main classes of acaricides commercially available in brazil to control cattle ticks, with fluazuron, a tick growth regulator with acaricidal properties, being the only active ingredient with no previous reports of resistance. ticks (designated the jaguar strain) were collected i ... | 2014 | 24560364 |
| distribution patterns of three sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations from north and south america, south africa and australia. | resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (sp) in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is widespread throughout its distribution area. three single nucleotide substitutions identified in domains ii and iii of the sodium channel gene of r. (b.) microplus are known to be associated with target site pyrethroid resistance. we developed a multiplex pcr using allele-specific primers to amplify wild type or mutated genotypes of the three mutations simultaneously. this assay was used to screen ... | 2012 | 24533283 |
| moxidectin and the avermectins: consanguinity but not identity. | the avermectins and milbemycins contain a common macrocyclic lactone (ml) ring, but are fermentation products of different organisms. the principal structural difference is that avermectins have sugar groups at c13 of the macrocyclic ring, whereas the milbemycins are protonated at c13. moxidectin (mox), belonging to the milbemycin family, has other differences, including a methoxime at c23. the avermectins and mox have broad-spectrum activity against nematodes and arthropods. they have similar b ... | 2012 | 24533275 |
| quantitative study of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from são paulo state, brazil. | the qpcr technique with sybr green was used to estimate the prevalence and level of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle raised in areas endemic for babesiosis in brazil, where the animals were continuously exposed to ticks (rhipicephalus microplus). this is the first report in which qpcr was used to quantify and compare b. bovis dna in blood of different cattle breeds. blood samples were collected from 150 animals (75 cows and 75 calves) of the angus and nelore breeds and the first generation ... | 2014 | 24522252 |
| first record of borrelia burgdorferi b31 strain in dermacentor nitens ticks in the northern region of parana (brazil). | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in ticks that feed on horses used for animal traction in rural jataizinho, parana, brazil. between february and june 2008, a total of 224 ticks was collected of which 75% were identified as dermacentor nitens and 25% as amblyomma cajenense. to amplify b. burgdorferi s.l. dna, the intergenic space region (isr) between the 5s (rrf) 23s (rrl) rrna genes was used as targets for nested-pcr. two tick ... | 2014 | 24516456 |
| a review of hyalomma scupense (acari, ixodidae) in the maghreb region: from biology to control. | hyalomma scupense (syn. hyalomma detritum) is a two-host domestic endophilic tick of cattle and secondarily other ungulates in the maghreb region (africa). this species transmits several pathogens, among which two are major livestock diseases: theileria annulata and theileria equi. various other pathogens are also transmitted by this tick species, such as anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia bovis. hyalomma scupense is common in sub-humid and semi-arid areas of several regions in the world, m ... | 2014 | 24507485 |
| determination of lc50 and lc95 values of fipronil against haemaphysalis bispinosa based on adult immersion test. | the pattern of mortality of haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks against fipronil was studied based on adult immersion test. mortality occurred during 10-19 days post-treatment. the lc50 and lc95 values were calculated as 0.53 and 7.045 ppm, respectively. | 2012 | 24505192 |
| amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of theileria equi. | the apicomplexan hemoprotozoan parasite theileria equi is one of the etiologic agents causing equine piroplasmosis, a disease of equines that is endemic throughout large parts of the world. before 2009 the united states had been considered to be free of this parasite. occasional cases had occurred but there was no evidence for endemic vector-borne transmission in the u.s. until a 2009 outbreak in texas in which dermacentor variabilis and amblyomma cajennense were implicated as vectors. although ... | 2013 | 24499587 |
| hard tick factors implicated in pathogen transmission. | ticks are the most common arthropod vector, after mosquitoes, and are capable of transmitting the greatest variety of pathogens. for both humans and animals, the worldwide emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne disease is becoming increasingly problematic. despite being such an important issue, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. several recent studies, reviewed here, have reported that the expression of some tick factors can be modulated in response to pathogen infec ... | 2014 | 24498444 |
| effect of ethanolic extract of capsicum frutescens l. on adult female of rhipicephalus microplus (ixodidae). | this study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of capsicum frutescens l. (solanaceae), colloquially known as malagueta pepper, on egg production and hatching rate of larvae of rhipicephalus microplus. plant samples were collected in montes claros, minas gerais, brazil. selected mature fruits were washed, dehydrated in a forced air oven at 40 ± 5 °c to constant weight. the material was incubated in absolute ethanol during 10 days, and the extract was filtered, dried, and stored in amber vial ... | 2014 | 24496493 |
| calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle. | cattle ticks are responsible for great economic losses in cattle farming worldwide, and their main control method, chemicals, has been showing problems, whether resulting from the development of resistant strains of ticks or environmental contamination. research studies directed toward developing vaccines against ticks are emerging. one way to evaluate those vaccines is to calculate the percentage of efficacy. the aim of this study was to analyze scientific publications archived in pubmed that u ... | 2014 | 24473884 |
| efficacy of extracts from plants of the brazilian pantanal against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this research evaluated the in vitro acaricidal activity of extracts from 21 plant species from the pantanal of mato grosso do sul. during stage i, a larval immersion test was performed using three extract concentrations (5%, 20%, and 40%). during stage ii, we used only plants that showed over 95% efficiency at the 40% concentration in stage i in an amount sufficient for the adult immersion test. aeschynomene denticulata, angelonia hirta, aspilia latissima, caperonia castaneifolia, centratherum ... | 2014 | 24473878 |
| weight gain and control of endo- and ectoparasites of beef heifers treated with allopathic, herbal and homeopathic drugs. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbal, homeopathic and allopathic treatments for parasites in beef heifers during two experimental cycles of 318 and 313 days. | 2014 | 24473874 |
| comparison of three larval bioassays to evaluate susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to amitraz. | field samples of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, were assessed using the following methods: larval packet test (lpt), larval immersion test (lit) and syringe immersion test (sit). the following parameters were determined for each population and for the mozo susceptible reference strain: lethal concentration for 50% (lc50) with its 95% confidence interval (95% ci), regression line slope and resistance ratio (rr). using the lpt, only one population ... | 2014 | 24473873 |
| but2 is a member of the third major group of hat transposons and is involved in horizontal transfer events in the genus drosophila. | the hat superfamily comprises a large and diverse array of dna transposons found in all supergroups of eukaryotes. here we characterized the drosophila buzzatii but2 element and found that it harbors a five-exon gene encoding a 643-aa putatively functional transposase. a phylogeny built with 85 hat transposases yielded, in addition to the two major groups already described, ac and buster, a third one comprising 20 sequences that includes but2, tip100, hat-4_bm, and rp-hat1. this third group is h ... | 0 | 24459285 |
| tick capillary feeding for the study of proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions as potential antigens for the control of tick infestation and pathogen infection. | ticks represent a significant health risk to animals and humans due to the variety of pathogens they can transmit during feeding. the traditional use of chemicals to control ticks has serious drawbacks, including the selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination with chemical residues. vaccination with the tick midgut antigen bm86 was shown to be a good alternative for cattle tick control. however, results vary considerably between tick species and geographic location. t ... | 2014 | 24450836 |
| prevalence and seasonal variation in ixodid ticks on cattle of mathura district, uttar pradesh. | considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was conducted for epidemiological characterize of common ticks infesting indian zebu cattle between july 2010 and june 2011 period at various locations of mathura region of india. a total of 2,515 zebu cattle were examined on random basis throughout the year. the overall prevalence of ticks infestation in cattle was 60.07 %. the highest prevalence was reported in september (75 %) while the lowest was in janu ... | 2012 | 24431564 |
| efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on buffaloes. | a trial was conducted on 12 buffaloes naturally infested with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to evaluate the efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. a reduction in live tick count by 45.94, 63.96, 81.53, 90.54, 98.19 and 100 % was observed on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 post-treatment, respectively. the reinfestation of ticks was not observed up to 42 days of trial period. on the basis of the present trial of eprinomectin pour-on, it can be recommended for use i ... | 2013 | 24431562 |
| present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance. | the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ... | 2014 | 24428899 |
| dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in brazil: opening the black box. | dogs and cats in brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. these may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). while some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., aelurostrongylus abstrusus and felicola subrostratus for cats, and angiostrongylus vasorum and trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other h ... | 2014 | 24423244 |
| an archaeal glutamate decarboxylase homolog functions as an aspartate decarboxylase and is involved in β-alanine and coenzyme a biosynthesis. | β-alanine is a precursor for coenzyme a (coa) biosynthesis and is a substrate for the bacterial/eukaryotic pantothenate synthetase and archaeal phosphopantothenate synthetase. β-alanine is synthesized through various enzymes/pathways in bacteria and eukaryotes, including the direct decarboxylation of asp by aspartate 1-decarboxylase (adc), the degradation of pyrimidine, or the oxidation of polyamines. however, in most archaea, homologs of these enzymes are not present; thus, the mechanisms of β- ... | 2014 | 24415726 |
| detection of naturally infected vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) by different species of babesia and theileria agents from three different enzootic parts of iran. | diagnostic study of vector ticks for different pathogens transmitted specifically have been done by iranian old scientists working on the basis of biological transmission of pathogens. in this study we decided to confirm natural infection of different collected ticks from three different provinces of iran. | 2013 | 24409442 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia spp. infection in collected ticks from cattle in west and north-west of iran. | babesiosis is a haemoparasitic disease of domestic and wild animals caused by species of the genus babesia. babesia bigemina, b. bovis and b. divergens are known to be pathogenic in cattle. the disease is transmitted during blood feeding by infected ticks and is the most economically important tick-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. ixodid ticks are vectors in the transmission of babesiosis. the classic presentation is a febrile syndrome with apparent anemia and hemoglobinuria. thi ... | 2013 | 24409438 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of bolivia. | the tick species reported in bolivia are reviewed here as (1) endemic or established: ornithodoros echimys, o. guaporensis, o. hasei, o. kohlsi, o. mimon, o. peropteryx, o. rostratus, otobius megnini, amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, a. coelebs, a. dubitatum, a. humerale, a. incisum, a. longirostre, a. naponense, a. nodosum, a. oblongoguttatum, a. ovale, a. parvitarsum, a. parvum, a. pecarium, a. pseudoconcolor, a. rotundatum, a. scalpturatum, a. tigrinum, a. triste, dermace ... | 2014 | 24406053 |
| control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen. | despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ... | 2014 | 24398155 |
| understanding the evolutionary structural variability and target specificity of tick salivary kunitz peptides using next generation transcriptome data. | ticks are blood-sucking arthropods and a primary function of tick salivary proteins is to counteract the host's immune response. tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins perform multiple functions within the feeding lesion and have been classified as venoms; thereby, constituting them as one of the important elements in the arms race with the host. the two main mechanisms advocated to explain the functional heterogeneity of tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins are gene sharing and gene duplication. ... | 2014 | 24397261 |
| insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks infesting dogs and cats. | this review defines insecticide/acaricide resistance and describes the history, evolution, types, mechanisms, and detection of resistance as it applies to chemicals currently used against fleas and ticks of dogs and cats and summarizes resistance reported to date. we introduce the concept of refugia as it applies to flea and tick resistance and discuss strategies to minimize the impact and inevitable onset of resistance to newer classes of insecticides. our purpose is to provide the veterinary p ... | 2014 | 24393426 |
| therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds. | garlic (allium sativum l. family liliaceae) is well known in iran and its leaves, flowers, and cloves have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. research in recent decades has shown widespread pharmacological effects of a. sativum and its organosulfur compounds especially allicin. studies carried out on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl disulphide, s-allylcysteine, and dia ... | 0 | 24379960 |
| influence of tea tree oil (melaleuca alternifolia) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | the aim of this study was to verify the influence of tea tree oil (tto) (melaleuca alternifolia) tested in its pure and nanostructured (tto nanoparticles) forms on the reproduction of female rhipicephalus microplus. for our purpose, female ticks were collected from naturally infected animals and treated in vitro with tto (1, 5, and 10 %) and tto nanoparticles (0.075, 0.375, and 0.75 %). in order to validate the tests, they were performed in triplicate using positive (amitraz) and negative (untre ... | 2014 | 24368704 |
| an amino acid substitution (l925v) associated with resistance to pyrethroids in varroa destructor. | the varroa mite, varroa destructor, is an important pest of honeybees and has played a prominent role in the decline in bee colony numbers over recent years. although pyrethroids such as tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin can be highly effective in removing the mites from hives, their intensive use has led to many reports of resistance. to investigate the mechanism of resistance in uk varroa samples, the transmembrane domain regions of the v. destructor voltage-gated sodium channel (the main target ... | 2013 | 24367572 |
| primitive atp-activated p2x receptors: discovery, function and pharmacology. | adenosine 5-triphosphate (atp) is omnipresent in biology. it is therefore no surprise that organisms have evolved multifaceted roles for atp, exploiting its abundance and restriction of passive diffusion across biological membranes. a striking role is the emergence of atp as a bona fide transmitter molecule, whereby the movement of atp across membranes serves as a chemical message through a direct ligand-receptor interaction. p2x receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast response ... | 2013 | 24367292 |
| comparison of tick resistance of crossbred senepol × limousin to purebred limousin cattle. | the comparison of resistance to natural tick infestation by rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1887) of crossbred senepol × limousin and purebred limousin cattle was investigated. the senepol breed, originated from st croix island in the caribbean is considered as a bos taurus breed adapted to tropical conditions. despite its b. taurus genetic background, it is believed to have a good tick resistance, but this resistance has never been assessed previously. tick counts under natural infestation ... | 2014 | 24366717 |
| the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity. | isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ... | 2014 | 24365472 |
| acaricide and ivermectin resistance in a field population of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) in the mexican tropics. | in the neotropics the control of tick infestations in red deer (cervus elaphus) is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. in mexico, resistance to one or multiple classes of acaricides has been reported in rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle, but information on acaricide susceptibility in r. microplus infesting red deer is lacking. in this study we report the level of resistance to different classes of acaricides and ivermectin in r. microplus collected f ... | 2014 | 24365245 |
| proteomics approach to the study of cattle tick adaptation to white tailed deer. | cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, are a serious threat to animal health and production. some ticks feed on a single host species while others such as r. microplus infest multiple hosts. white tailed deer (wtd) play a role in the maintenance and expansion of cattle tick populations. however, cattle ticks fed on wtd show lower weight and reproductive performance when compared to ticks fed on cattle, suggesting the existence of host factors that affect tick feeding and reproduction ... | 2013 | 24364032 |
| the global invertebrate genomics alliance (giga): developing community resources to study diverse invertebrate genomes. | over 95% of all metazoan (animal) species comprise the "invertebrates," but very few genomes from these organisms have been sequenced. we have, therefore, formed a "global invertebrate genomics alliance" (giga). our intent is to build a collaborative network of diverse scientists to tackle major challenges (e.g., species selection, sample collection and storage, sequence assembly, annotation, analytical tools) associated with genome/transcriptome sequencing across a large taxonomic spectrum. we ... | 0 | 24336862 |
| a family of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | proteins belonging to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily play essential roles in many organisms. in arthropods these proteins are involved in innate immune system, morphogenesis and development. in mammals serpins regulate pathways that are essential to life such as blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and complement activation, some of which are considered the host's first line of defense to hematophagous and/or blood dueling parasites. thus, it is hypothesized that tic ... | 2014 | 24333790 |
| the ovarian transcriptome of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a bovine host infected with babesia bovis. | cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle with the most severe form of the disease caused by the apicomplexan, babesia bovis. babesiosis is transmitted to cattle through the bite of infected cattle ticks of the genus rhipicephalus. the most prevalent species is rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, which is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. the transmission of b. bovis is transovarian and a previous study of the r. microplus ovarian proteome ide ... | 2013 | 24330595 |