Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| oxidative stress and dna damage in the earthworm eisenia fetida induced by toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. | superoxide dismutase (sod), guaiacol peroxidase (pod), catalase (cat), and the comet assay (scge) were used as biomarkers to evaluate the oxidative stress and genotoxicity of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in earthworms (eisenia fetida). the results indicated that the exposure of the three pollutants caused a stress response of the three enzymes, an approximate bell-shaped change (a tendency of inducement firstly and then inhibition with increasing concentrations of the pollutants) was mostly ... | 2010 | 20838886 |
| response of eisenia fetida to the application of different organic wastes in an aluminium-contaminated soil. | the effects of amending al-contaminated soils with municipal solid waste compost (msw), poultry manure (pm) and cow manure (cm) on al toxicity and morphological alterations and biochemical enzymes of the earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated in an incubation spiking experiment. al(no(3))(3) was added to a soil at rates equivalent to 0, 50 and 100 mg al kg(-1). in order to apply the same amount of organic matter (om), soil samples were mixed with msw, pm and cm at a rate of 10%, 7.6% and 5.8 ... | 2010 | 20832115 |
| potential biochemical and genetic toxicity of triclosan as an emerging pollutant on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | triclosan as an important antimicrobial agent is increasingly detected in the terrestrial environment as sewage sludge and reclaimed water are applied on land, but little is known about its effect on non-target soil organisms. in this study, biochemical responses including changes in the activity of catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), and malondialdehyde (mda) of the earthworm eisenia fetida were examined in order to assess ecological toxicity of the chem ... | 2010 | 20825966 |
| assessing the fate and effects of nano aluminum oxide in the terrestrial earthworm, eisenia fetida. | nano-sized aluminum is currently being used by the military and commercial industries in many applications including coatings, thermites, and propellants. due to the potential for wide dispersal in soil systems, we chose to investigate the fate and effects of nano-sized aluminum oxide (al2o3), the oxidized form of nano aluminum, in a terrestrial organism. the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of micron-sized (50-200 microm, nominal) and nano-sized (11 nm, nominal) al2o3 was comparatively as ... | 2010 | 20821608 |
| soil sterilization affects aging-related sequestration and bioavailability of p,p'-dde and anthracene to earthworms. | laboratory experiments investigated the effects of soil sterilization and compound aging on the bioaccumulation of spiked p,p'-dde and anthracene by eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris. declines in bioavailability occurred as pollutant residence time in both sterile and non-sterile soils increased from 3 to 203 d. accumulation was generally higher in sterile soils during initial periods of aging (from 3-103 d). by 203 d, however, bioavailability of the compounds was unaffected by sterilizati ... | 2010 | 20708831 |
| toxicity assessment of oil field produced water treated by evaporative processes to produce water to irrigation. | during the productive life of an oil well, a high quantity of produced water is extracted together with the oil, and it may achieve up to 99% in the end of the well's economical life. desalination is one of mankind's earliest forms of saline water treatment, and nowadays, it is still a common process used throughout the world. a single-effect mechanical vapor compression (mvc) process was tested. this paper aims to assess the potential toxicity of produced water to be re-used in irrigation. samp ... | 2010 | 20706017 |
| continuous-feeding vermicomposting as a recycling management method to revalue tomato-fruit wastes from greenhouse crops. | huge quantities of discarded fruits generated from greenhouse crops represent a worldwide environmental problem. the aim of this work was to assess the efficiency of vermicomposting as a recycling management option for biotransforming tomato-fruit wastes from greenhouses into an organic nutrient-rich product available for agricultural purposes. a pilot vermireactor was constructed. it was provided with a manure layer, where an initial population of eisenia fetida was introduced and fed continuou ... | 2010 | 20675115 |
| characterization of genes expressed in response to cadmium exposure in the earthworm eisenia fetida using ddrt-pcr. | the transition metal cadmium is a pervasive and persistent environmental contaminant that is both a human toxicant and a carcinogen. to inhibit cadmium-induced damage, cells increase the expression of genes encoding stress-response proteins. the transcription of many stress-responsive genes, including those that encode metallothioneins, glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) and heat shock proteins have been reported. the aim of this work was to investigate in eisenia fetida the genes whose expressio ... | 2010 | 20674023 |
| cocomposting with and without eisenia fetida for conversion of toxic paper mill sludge to a soil conditioner. | present study was envisaged for fast bioremediation of toxic paper mill sludge into a soil ameliorating agent. although a rich source of organic carbon this sludge cannot be directly applied in fields and is recycled very slowly in landfills as it is deficient in other nutrients. therefore it was mixed with cattle dung in various proportions and subjected to aerobic cocomposting (without worms) and vermicocomposting (with eisenia fetida). it was observed that mixing cattle dung with the sludge i ... | 2010 | 20624603 |
| use of earthworms (eisenia fetida) to reduce phytotoxicity and promote humification of pre-composted olive oil mill wastewater. | olive mill wastewaters (omww) contain a high recalcitrant organic load and an associated toxicity that make their treatment necessary before environmental application. the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of promoting the valorization and reducing the phytotoxicity of omww through a pre-composting process together with straw-chip bulking materials followed by the application of earthworms (eisenia fetida) in the presence of oat seedlings (avena sativa l.) seedlings. | 2010 | 20602513 |
| eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of pb, zn and cd polluted soil. | remediation by means of soil leaching with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) is capable of extracting the most labile soil fractions, leaving the residual metals in biologically non-available forms. we evaluated the feasibility of the standardized earthworm (eisenia fetida) avoidance test for assessing the efficiency of soil remediation of pb, zn and cd polluted soil. chemical extraction tests (six-step sequential extraction, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, physiologically based ... | 2010 | 20570420 |
| genotoxic effects of nickel, trivalent and hexavalent chromium on the eisenia fetida earthworm. | the aim of this study was to examine genotoxic effects of nickel (ni=105 mg kg(-1)), trivalent and hexavalent chromium (cr=491 mg kg(-1)) on the eisenia fetida earthworm after 2 and 4d of exposure to two different spiked soils (an artificial (oecd) and a natural one). dna damages were evaluated on the earthworm's coelomocytes using the comet assay. after an exposure into oecd spiked soils, ni did not induce genotoxic effect whereas cr(iii) and cr(vi) revealed to be genotoxic after 2d of exposure ... | 2010 | 20561668 |
| redistribution of residual pb, zn, and cd in soil remediated with edta leaching and exposed to earthworms (eisenia fetida). | after soil remediation with ethylenediamine tetraacetate (edta) leaching/washing, the residual pb, zn, and cd species are left in the soil in non-labile forms. the effect of earthworms as main soil biotic factors on the residual pb, zn, and cd fraction lability (mobility, bioavailability to plants, and oral-availability) was investigated. contaminated soil from a smelter site was treated with increasing edta concentrations (2.5 to 4-times 40 mmol kg(-1) to gradually reduce the heavy metal conten ... | 2010 | 20540427 |
| coelomocyte biomarkers in the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). | contamination by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is a global environmental problem at sites of former explosive production, handling, or storage, and could have deleterious consequences for human and ecological health. we investigated its sublethal effects to eisenia fetida, using two nonspecific biomarkers. in coelomocytes of earthworms exposed 24, 48, or 72 h, we evaluated dna damage (comet assay) and neutral red retention time (nrrt), using the filter paper contact test. both percentage of damage ... | 2011 | 20512622 |
| substrate-induced changes in protease active site conformation impact on subsequent reactions with substrates. | enzymatic catalysis of biochemical reactions is essential to all living systems. the "lock and key" and "induced fit" models were early contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the reaction between an enzyme and its substrate. however, whether a given substrate-induced conformation is rigid or remains flexible has not yet been determined. by measuring the enzyme activity and intrinsic fluorescence of a nonspecific eisenia fetida protease-i with different chromogenic subst ... | 2010 | 20484054 |
| calcium is required for coelomocyte activation in earthworms. | the role of calcium signaling in activation of both innate and adaptive immunity is basically important, however, the evolutionary aspects are not clarified yet. currently limited data are available about calcium levels of coelomocytes, cellular mediators of earthworm immunity. we aimed to observe basal and induced ca(2+) levels of coelomocyte subgroups after various stimulations in eisenia fetida and allolobophora caliginosa using a ca(2+)-sensitive dye. e. fetida chloragocytes had the highest ... | 2010 | 20439116 |
| assessment of pyrene bioavailability in soil by mild hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extraction. | bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil is currently a much-debated issue in risk assessment of contaminated sites. ecorisk of an organic pollutant in soil is strongly influenced by the properties of the soil and its contamination history. to evaluate the effect of aging on the availability of pyrene, earthworm (eisenia fetida) accumulation and chemical extraction by exhaustive and nonexhaustive techniques in soil spiked with a range of pyrene levels (1.07, 9.72, 88.4, 152, and 429 μg g⁻¹ ... | 2011 | 20437042 |
| bioaccumulation and biological effects in the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to natural and depleted uranium. | the accumulations of both natural (u) and depleted (du) uranium in the earthworms (eisenia fetida) were studied to evaluate corresponding biological effects. concentrations of metals in the experimental soil ranged from 1.86 to 600 mg kg(-1). five biological endpoints: mortality, animals' weight increasing, lysosomal membrane stability by measuring the neutral red retention time (the nrrt), histological changes and genetic effects (comet assay) were used to evaluate biological effects in the ear ... | 2010 | 20362371 |
| correlations of eisenia fetida metabolic responses to extractable phenanthrene concentrations through time. | eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to phenanthrene for thirty days to compare hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hpcd) extraction of soil and 1h nmr earthworm metabolomics as indicators of bioavailability. the phenanthrene 28-d lc50 value was 750 mg/kg (632-891, 95% confidence intervals) for the peat soil tested. the initial phenanthrene concentration was 319 mg/kg, which biodegraded to 16 mg/kg within 15 days, at which time hpcd extraction suggested that phenanthrene was no longer bioavailabl ... | 2010 | 20338675 |
| the influence of thermal desorption on genotoxicity of multipolluted soil. | a multipolluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in lorraine (france) was evaluated for its genotoxic effects on coelomocytes of the eisenia fetida earthworm using the comet assay. the biological efficiency of thermal desorption of the contaminated soil was also investigated. the untreated polluted soil was shown to be genotoxic to earthworms. although thermal desorption reduced the concentration of pahs by 94% (sigma(16 pahs)=1846 and 101 mg/kg before and after thermal desorption, respec ... | 2010 | 20236704 |
| sterilization affects soil organic matter chemistry and bioaccumulation of spiked p,p'-dde and anthracene by earthworms. | laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil sterilization on the bioavailability of spiked p,p'-dde and anthracene to the earthworms eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris. physical and chemical changes to soil organic matter (som) induced by sterilization were also studied. uptake of both compounds added after soil was autoclaved or gamma irradiated increased for e. fetida. sterilization had no effect on bioaccumulation of p,p'-dde by l. terrestris, and anthracene uptak ... | 2010 | 20227150 |
| potential of domestic biogas digester slurry in vermitechnology. | this work illustrates the potential of domestic biogas digester slurry in vermicompost production. to achieve the objectives biogas plant slurry (bgs) was mixed with crop residues (cr) in different ratios to produce seven different feed mixtures for earthworm eisenia fetida. after 15weeks vermicomposted material was analyzed for different chemical parameters. in all waste mixtures, a decrease in ph, organic c and c:n ratio, but increase total n, available p and exchangeable k was recorded. c:n r ... | 2010 | 20189381 |
| vermicompost derived from different feedstocks as a plant growth medium. | this study determined feedstock effects on earthworm populations and the quality of resulting vermicomposts produced from different types of feedstocks using different vermicomposting durations. feedstock combinations (kitchen paper waste (kpw), kitchen yard waste (kyw), cattle manure yard waste (cmy)), three durations of vermicomposting (45, 68 or 90 days), and two seed germination methods (with two concentrations of vermicompost) for radish, marigold and upland cress, served as the independent ... | 2010 | 20153632 |
| metallic trace element body burdens and gene expression analysis of biomarker candidates in eisenia fetida, using an "exposure/depuration" experimental scheme with field soils. | smelting plant activities lead to the accumulation of metal trace elements (mtes) in soils. the presence of high concentrations of mtes can generate an environmental stress likely to affect macroinvertebrates living in close soil contact such as the annelida oligochaeta. eisenia fetida, an ecotoxicologically important test species, was successively exposed to two field soils: (1) a highly contaminated agricultural topsoil collected near the former smelter metaleurop nord (noyelles-godault, franc ... | 2010 | 20149457 |
| prevalence of bacillus anthracis-like organisms and bacteriophages in the intestinal tract of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | stable infection of bacillus anthracis laboratory strains with environmental bacteriophages confers survival phenotypes in soil and earthworm intestinal niches (r. schuch and v. a. fischetti, plos one 4:e6532, 2009). here, the natural occurrence of two such b. anthracis-infective bacteriophages, wip1 and wip4, was examined in the intestines of eisenia fetida earthworms as part of a 6-year longitudinal study at a pennsylvania forest site. the wip1 tectivirus was initially dominant before being su ... | 2010 | 20118353 |
| protein extraction from the earthworm eisenia fetida for 2-de. | we identified an efficient protocol for extracting proteins from whole earthworm, eisenia fetida, for 2-de. sample preparation is a critical step in a 2-de proteome approach and is absolutely essential for obtaining good results. six protein extraction protocols based on different protein precipitation agents were tested and evaluated using 2-de. the methods generated remarkably different 2-de protein spot patterns. we conclude that trichloroacetic acid (tca)-a eliminates interfering compounds, ... | 2010 | 20101612 |
| pathogen reduction in septic tank sludge through vermicomposting using eisenia fetida. | this study evaluated the potential of earthworms (eisenia fetida) to remove pathogens from the sludge from septic tanks. three earthworm population densities, equivalent to 1, 2, and 2.5kgm(-2), were tested for pathogen removal from sludge. the experimental phase lasted 60days, starting from the initial earthworm inoculation. after 60days, it was found that earthworms reduced concentrations of fecal coliforms, salmonella spp., and helminth ova to permissible levels (<1000mpn/g, <3mpn/g, and <1vi ... | 2010 | 20093021 |
| bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm eisenia fetida in relation to bioavailable metal concentrations in pig manure. | the study investigated the bioaccumulation of cu, zn, pb and cd in eisenia fetida fed on pig manure in greenhouse, and its relationship to bioavailability of these elements in pig manure. metals in exchangeable, carbonates-bound and fe-mn oxides-bound fractions obtained by sequential extraction were considered to be bioavailable. the bioaccumulation factors (bafs) of e. fetida to heavy metals were cd (2.749+/-0.441), zn (0.594+/-0.200), pb (0.274+/-0.101) and cu (0.076+/-0.030). variations in th ... | 2010 | 20080399 |
| pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 (pac1) receptor is expressed during embryonic development of the earthworm. | pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap)-like molecules have been shown to be present in cocoon albumin and in eisenia fetida embryos at an early developmental stage (e1) by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. here, we focus on detecting the stage at which pac1 receptor (pac1r)-like immunoreactivity first appears in germinal layers and structures, e.g., various parts of the central nervous system (cns), in developing earthworm embryos. pac1r-like immunoreactivity was reve ... | 2010 | 20066549 |
| effect of herbicide acetochlor on cytochrome p450 monooxygenases and gst of earthworms eisenia fetida. | to assess the sublethal toxicity of the herbicide acetochlor to earthworms and to find out biomarkers possible inducted under acetochlor exposure, eisenia fetida was exposed to artificial soils supplemented with different concentrations of acetochlor(5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg soil). effects of the acetochlor on cytochrome p450 monooxygenases p-nitroanisole o-demethylase (odm), aldrin epoxidase (ae) and glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) activities were determined. the results revealed cytochrome ... | 2006 | 20050562 |
| ecotoxicity of wastes in avoidance tests with enchytraeus albidus, enchytraeus crypticus and eisenia fetida (oligochaeta). | contact bioassays are important for testing the ecotoxicity of solid materials. however, survival and reproduction tests are often not practical due to their duration which may last for several weeks. avoidance tests with soil invertebrates may offer an alternative or extension to the classic test batteries due to their short duration (days rather than weeks) and due to a sensitive sub-acute endpoint (behavior). | 2010 | 20042324 |
| [ecotoxicolgical effects of albendazole on eisenia fetida]. | by using artificial soil test, the effects of different concentration albendozole on eisenia foetida's growth, survival, reproduction, and activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione-sulfurtransferase (gst-s) and acetylcholine esterase (ache) were studied. low concentration (5 mg x kg(-1)) albendazole inhibited the reproduction of e. foetida significantly (p < 0.05), and 7 mg x kg(-1) of albendazole had significant effects on the growth and survival of e. foetida. when the albendazole ... | 2009 | 20030157 |
| vermicomposting of olive oil mill wastewaters. | the disposal of olive oil mill wastewaters (omw) represents a substantial environmental problem in italy. a vermicompost process could be an alternative and valid method for the management of omw. in a laboratory experiment, the omw were absorbed onto a ligno-cellulosic solid matrix and 30 adult earthworms of eisenia fetida specie were added. the experiment was carried out for 13 weeks. the number of earthworms increased throughout the experimental period and after 2 weeks about 90% of the earth ... | 2010 | 20015937 |
| comparison of earthworm bioaccumulation between readily desorbable and desorption-resistant naphthalene: implications for biouptake routes. | the bioaccumulation of readily desorbable naphthalene and that of desorption-resistant naphthalene in earthworms were compared to examine the effect of desorption resistance on bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil. a series of naphthalene-contaminated soil samples representing different degrees of desorption resistance were prepared using a batch sorption-repetitive desorption approach, and bioaccumulation of these samples was evaluated using earthworms (eisenia fetida). s ... | 2010 | 20000398 |
| influence of clay content on bioavailability of copper in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | we investigated the effect of clay content on the bioavailability of copper to the earthworm eisenia fetida, in the laboratory for 28 days using oecd artificial soil adjusted to 5%, 20% and 40% clay. mortality, growth, cocoon production and internal copper concentrations were assessed in worms, and total, dtpa and cacl(2) extractable copper in the substrates were also determined. the results showed that with increased clay content, there was significant reduction in internal cu concentration of ... | 2010 | 19962760 |
| role of eisenia fetida in rapid recycling of nutrients from bio sludge of beverage industry. | beverage industry bio sludge proved to be toxic when given alone to earthworms even after stabilization for 15 days, therefore, it was mixed in various proportions with cattle dung. best suitable mixture for highest survival, maximum growth and highest population buildup of eisenia fetida was determined by observing mortality, growth rate, rate of cocoon production, population buildup and time taken for decomposition of waste. minimum mortality and maximum population buildup were observed in 50: ... | 2010 | 19945748 |
| microbiomic comparison of the intestine of the earthworm eisenia fetida fed ergovaline. | tall fescue toxicosis and ergot alkaloids cost u.s. livestock producers approximately one billion dollars in annual livestock production loss annually. ergovaline (ev) is the tall fescue alkaloid primarily responsible for clinical disease in livestock. since native ruminal microorganisms have not been attributed to the detoxification of ev, finding detoxifying microbes from other environments is desirable. one possible source for potential microorganisms that can degrade ev is the anaerobic gut ... | 2010 | 19924482 |
| effects of the veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin on soil invertebrates in laboratory tests. | as part of the risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals, the potential impact of these chemicals on soil ecosystems has to be determined according to european law. however, almost no data from standardized laboratory tests are available. therefore, in the eu fp6 erapharm, the effects of the widely used veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin, an anthelminthic, were studied in chronic laboratory tests performed according to oecd (organisation for economic co-operation and development) and iso ( ... | 2010 | 19882295 |
| vermicomposting of source-separated human faeces for nutrient recycling. | the present study examined the suitability of vermicomposting technology for processing source-separated human faeces. since the earthworm species eisenia fetida could not survive in fresh faeces, modification in the physical characteristics of faeces was necessary before earthworms could be introduced to faeces. a preliminary study with six different combinations of faeces, soil and bulking material (vermicompost) in different layers was conducted to find out the best condition for biomass grow ... | 2010 | 19850460 |
| ecotoxicity assessment of aged petroleum sludge using a suite of effects-based end points in earthworm eisenia fetida. | laboratory investigations were conducted to test the toxicity of aged petroleum sludge collected from shengli oil field, the second largest oilfield in china, to earthworm eisenia fetida. various end points were measured in the earthworms, including mortality, growth, cocoon output, juvenile production, and avoidance behavioral response, to determine their comparative sensitivity for assessing harmful effects of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. the results showed that all these assays re ... | 2010 | 19844801 |
| effect of heavy metal supplementation on local (allolobophora parva) and exotic (eisenia fetida) earthworm species: a comparative study. | this study compares the effects of different metal concentration on survival, reproduction and total metal accumulation by two different earthworm species, allolobophora parva and eisenia fetida. the substrate was spiked with different heavy metals (cu, cr, pb, zn & cd) with concentrations varying from 500-2500 mg/kg. cu resulted in complete mortality at all doses for both species. the accumulation of heavy metals for eisenia fetida in 45 days was in order of cr>cd>pb>zn where as for allolobopho ... | 2009 | 19827495 |
| bioavailability of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons following enhanced natural attenuation of creosote-contaminated soil. | the impact of residual pahs (2250 +/- 71 microg total pahs g(-1)) following enhanced natural attenuation (ena) of creosote-contaminated soil (7767 +/- 1286 microg total pahs g(-1)) was assessed using a variety of ecological assays. microtox results for aqueous soil extracts indicated that there was no significant difference in ec(50) values for uncontaminated, pre- and post-remediated soil. however, in studies conducted with eisenia fetida, pah bioaccumulation was reduced by up to 6.5-fold as a ... | 2010 | 19775788 |
| increased cytotoxic and genotoxic tolerance of eisenia fetida (oligochaeta) to cadmium after long-term exposure. | since life-cycle studies showed that the earthworm species eisenia fetida can develop increased tolerance after long-term exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of cd in the laboratory, we assessed both the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cd in a long-term cd-exposed population. we exposed e. fetida specimens from this population, from a laboratory control population and from a field population to various concentrations of cdso(4) in artificial soil water. toxic effects were measured using the ... | 2010 | 19771509 |
| novel gh10 xylanase, with a fibronectin type 3 domain, from cellulosimicrobium sp. strain hy-13, a bacterium in the gut of eisenia fetida. | the gene encoding a novel modular xylanase from cellulosimicrobium sp. strain hy-13 was identified and expressed in escherichia coli, and its truncated gene product was characterized. the enzyme consisted of three distinct functional domains, an n-terminal catalytic gh10 domain, a fibronectin type 3 domain, and c-terminal carbohydrate-binding module 2. | 2009 | 19767466 |
| vermicomposting of sugar industry waste (press mud) mixed with cow dung employing an epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. | in india, millions of tons of press mud (pm) are generated by sugar mills every year. this paper reports the potential of vermitechnology to convert sugar industry waste pm mixed with cow dung (cd) into vermicompost, employing an epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. a total of six different reactors were established having different ratios of pm and cd including one control (cd only). the growth and fecundity of e. fetida was monitored for 13 weeks. maximum growth was recorded in 100% cd, but earth ... | 2010 | 19748951 |
| the secret life of the anthrax agent bacillus anthracis: bacteriophage-mediated ecological adaptations. | ecological and genetic factors that govern the occurrence and persistence of anthrax reservoirs in the environment are obscure. a central tenet, based on limited and often conflicting studies, has long held that growing or vegetative forms of bacillus anthracis survive poorly outside the mammalian host and must sporulate to survive in the environment. here, we present evidence of a more dynamic lifecycle, whereby interactions with bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, elicit phenotypic alteratio ... | 2009 | 19672290 |
| relative proportions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons differ between accumulation bioassays and chemical methods to predict bioavailability. | chemical methods to predict the bioavailable fraction of organic contaminants are usually validated in the literature by comparison with established bioassays. a soil spiked with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was aged over six months and subjected to butanol, cyclodextrin and tenax extractions as well as an exhaustive extraction to determine total pah concentrations at several time points. earthworm (eisenia fetida) and rye grass root (lolium multiflorum) accumulation bioassays were co ... | 2010 | 19647356 |
| reduction of total coliform numbers during vermicomposting is caused by short-term direct effects of earthworms on microorganisms and depends on the dose of application of pig slurry. | during vermicomposting of organic waste, the interactions between epigeic earthworms and the detrital microbial community lead to decreases in the abundance of some potentially pathogenic microorganisms. despite its importance, little is known about the mechanisms involved and the factors that affect the intensity of this effect. in the present study, we carried out three experiments to test the effect of the earthworm eisenia fetida on total coliform numbers in pig slurry. we firstly applied lo ... | 2009 | 19640567 |
| bioconversion of filter mud using vermicomposting employing two exotic and one local earthworm species. | three different earthworm species eisenia fetida, eudrilus eugeniae and perionyx excavatus in individual (monocultures) and combinations (polycultures) were utilized to compare the suitability of worm species for vermicomposting of filter mud as well as the quality of the end product. the filter mud blended with saw dust can be directly converted into good quality fertilizer (vermicompost). eight different reactors including three monocultures and four polycultures of e. fetida, e. eugeniae and ... | 2009 | 19608410 |
| accumulation, subcellular distribution and toxicity of copper in earthworm (eisenia fetida) in the presence of ciprofloxacin. | land application of wastes from concentrated animal feeding operations results in accumulation of copper (cu) and antimicrobials in terrestrial systems. interaction between cu and antimicrobials may change cu speciation in soil solution, and affect cu bioavailability and toxicity. in this study, earthworms were exposed to quartz sand percolated with different concentrations of cu and ciprofloxacin (cip). copper uptake by earthworms, its subcellular partition, and toxicity were studied. an increa ... | 2009 | 19544874 |
| the hormetic effect of cadmium on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the hormetic dose-response relationships induced by environmental toxic agents are often characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. confirmation of the general phenomenon of hormesis may have significant implications for ecological risk assessment, although the mechanisms that underlie hormesis remain an enigma. in this study, a model-based approach for describing a dose-response relationship incorporating the hormetic effect was applied to the detection and estimation of th ... | 2009 | 19501435 |
| the hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress for the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to tetrabromobisphenol a. | biochemical effects of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) on the earthworm eisenia fetida, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, gsh/gssg ratio and malondialdehyde (mda) level, were measured to assess ecological toxicity of tbbpa. with oecd standard filter-paper contact test method, earthworms were exposed to tbbpa of a range of concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l(-1)). according to the electron paramagnetic ... | 2009 | 19499334 |
| uptake kinetics of metals by the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated soils. | it is well known that earthworms can accumulate metals. however, most accumulation studies focus on cd-, cu-, pb- or zn-amended soils, additionally few studies consider accumulation kinetics. here we model the accumulation kinetics of 18 elements by eisenia fetida, exposed to 8 metal-contaminated and 2 uncontaminated soils. tissue metal concentration was determined after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days. metal elimination rate was important in determining time to reach steady-state tissue metal conc ... | 2009 | 19482399 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| identification of novel neuropeptides in the ventral nerve cord ganglia and their targets in an annelid worm, eisenia fetida. | periviscerokinins (pvks) and pyrokinins (pks) are neuropeptides known in several arthropod species. sequence homology of these peptides with the molluscan small cardioactive peptides reveals that the occurrence of pvks and pks is not restricted to arthropods. our study focuses on the biochemical and immunocytochemical identification of neuropeptides with sequence homology to pvks and pks in the central and peripheral nervous system of the earthworm eisenia fetida. by means of affinity chromatogr ... | 2009 | 19350635 |
| feasibility of nutrient recovery from industrial sludge by vermicomposting technology. | transformation of industrial sludges into vermicompost is of double interest: on the one hand, a waste is converted into value added product, and, on the other, it controls a pollutant that is a consequence of increasing industrialization. this paper reports the feasibility of utilization of vermicomposting technology for nutrient recovery from industrial sludge in laboratory scale experiment employing eisenia fetida earthworm. a total of nine vermireactors, having different percentage of wastew ... | 2009 | 19297091 |
| uptake, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) and its reduced metabolites (mnx and tnx) by the earthworm (eisenia fetida). | uptake and accumulation kinetics of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) and its two major n-nitroso metabolites, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (mnx) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (tnx), in earthworms was investigated. results indicated that rdx and its n-nitroso metabolites were rapidly absorbed into earthworms (eisenia fetida), reaching the highest concentrations within a few days. accumulation of rdx was greater than its n-nitroso metabolites, as evid ... | 2009 | 19278715 |
| neurochemical and electrophysiological diagnosis of reversible neurotoxicity in earthworms exposed to sublethal concentrations of cl-20. | hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) is a relatively new energetic compound sharing some degree of structural similarity with hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx), a known neurotoxic compound. previously, we demonstrated using a noninvasive electrophysiological technique that cl-20 was a more potent neurotoxicant than rdx to the earthworm eisenia fetida. in the present study, we investigated the effect of cl-20 exposure and subsequent recovery on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mac ... | 2010 | 19274471 |
| effect of cation competition on cadmium uptake from solution by the earthworm eisenia fetida. | metal speciation alone is insufficient to predict metal accumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, because competition between cations can play an important role. in the present study, the effects of competing cations (ca2+, mg2+, and h+) on cd uptake by the earthworm eisenia fetida were quantified through short-term experiments over a large cd concentration range in aqueous exposure solutions. free cd2+ activity was a better predictor for cd accumulation in the earthworms than was total ... | 2009 | 19265459 |
| sewage sludge applied to agricultural soil: ecotoxicological effects on representative soil organisms. | application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is a current practice in eu. european legislation permits its use when concentrations of metals in soil do not increase above the maximum permissible limits. in order to assess the fate and the effects on representative soil organisms of sewage sludge amendments on agricultural lands, a soil microcosm (multi-species soil system-ms3) experiment was performed. the ms3 columns were filled with spiked soil at three different doses: 30, 60 and 120tha ... | 2009 | 19261330 |
| bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (ms.3) and its application using cadmium. | this paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. the soil microcosms, ms.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (chrysoperla carnea) species. cadmium was used as model pollutant. cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related ... | 2009 | 19237196 |
| kinetics of cadmium uptake and subcellular partitioning in the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to cadmium-contaminated soil. | to understand the bioaccumulation kinetics of cadmium (cd) at the subcellular level, toxicokinetics and subcellular fractionation of cd were determined for the terrestrial earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to cd-contaminated red soil. the bioaccumulation factor was 1.74 after exposure to soil containing 1 mg cd/kg dry weight for 21 days. four distinct compartments with different cd-binding affinities were obtained by sequential centrifugations, including the cytosolic fraction (g), the organelles ... | 2009 | 19234863 |
| effect of the transit through the gut of earthworm (eisenia fetida) on fractionation of cu and zn in pig manure. | to investigate the effect of the transit through the gut of earthworm (eisenia fetida) on the fractionation of cu and zn in pig manure, earthworms were reared with pig manure in the greenhouse. both the pig manure and the earthworm casts were subjected to a five-step sequential extraction of cu and zn. the content of cu bound to organic matter in pig manure increased from 60% to 75% after transit through the gut of earthworm, whereas that of zn decreased from 50% to 25%. it demonstrated that cu ... | 2009 | 19232822 |
| the risk of sodium toxicity from bed accumulation to key species in the vermifiltration wastewater treatment process. | this study was undertaken to assess the toxicological risks from sodium accumulation in a vermifiltration wastewater treatment system to the key worm species, eisenia fetida. the study found that sodium chloride (nacl) is the more toxic of the common sodium salts found in wastewater to the worms. the research further found that the worms have an ability to detoxify nacl although reproduction will be impaired if the worms are exposed to moderate concentrations of nacl for a long period of time. t ... | 2009 | 19232487 |
| effects of earthworms on metal uptake of heavy metals from polluted mine soils by different crop plants. | a pot experiment was conducted in order to assess the effect of the earthworm eisenia fetida on the uptake of pb, zn, cd and cu from soils polluted by mining activities using maize (zea mays) and barley (hordeum vulgare). results from single and sequential extractions showed that the soil chemical partitioning of heavy metals was significantly changed by e. fetida, leading to a higher concentration of metals in the non-residual fractions of the soil. earthworm activities significantly increased ... | 2009 | 19232427 |
| growth and stress responses of the earthworm eisenia fetida to escherichia coli o157:h7 in an artificial soil. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is an intestine-inhabiting bacterium associated with many severe disease outbreaks worldwide. it may enter the soil environment with the excreta of infected animals (including horses, cattle and chickens) and human. earthworms are able to protect themselves against invading pathogens due to their efficient innate defense system. to better understand the mechanisms earthworms (eisenia fetida) utilize to defend and eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7, we examined the change ... | 2009 | 19232388 |
| avoidance behaviour of two eco-physiologically different earthworms (eisenia fetida and aporrectodea caliginosa) in natural and artificial saline soils. | we studied the avoidance behaviour of eisenia fetida and aporrectodea caliginosa in oecd artificial soil spiked with nacl and in natural saline soil (of varying ionic constitutions) collected from robertson experimental farm (robs) in western cape, south africa. for each organism, the ecotoxicological test was performed using a two-chamber test over a period of 48 h. the results showed that in the oecd soil, the avoidance ec50 (the concentration/electrical conductivity at which there is effect o ... | 2009 | 19211128 |
| subcellular compartmentalization of lead in the earthworm, eisenia fetida: relationship to survival and reproduction. | metals are detoxified and sequestered into subcellular compartments when accumulated by earthworms. differential centrifugation was used to quantify subcellular pb in three separate studies to measure 14-day acute toxicity (lethality), 28/56-day reproductive effects, and 90-day bioaccumulation in spiked-soil exposed earthworms, eisenia fetida. observed toxicity and total body pb was consistent with published work of others. pb showed concentration-dependent toxicity relationships (lethality and ... | 2009 | 19193437 |
| combined compost and vermicomposting process in the treatment and bioconversion of sludge. | traditional thermophillic composting is commonly for treatment of sludge. a related technique as vermicomposting process, using earthworms to breakdown sludge, is also becoming popular. these two techniques have their inherent advantages and disadvantages. the combined approach suggested in this study to enhance the overall process and improve the products qualities. two systems, vermicomposting and combined compost-vermicomposting processes, have been investigated in this study. the sludge used ... | 2007 | 19090260 |
| neutron activation of engineered nanoparticles as a tool for tracing their environmental fate and uptake in organisms. | studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (enps) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify enps in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. neutron activation of mineral enps offers the possibility of labeling enps in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspe ... | 2008 | 19086315 |
| nonexhaustive beta-cyclodextrin extraction as a chemical tool to estimate bioavailability of hydrophobic pesticides for earthworms. | chemical methods to assess bioavailability in soil and sediment often use synthetic polymers that mimic uptake of organic compounds in organisms or microbial degradation. in this paper we have assessed a biomimetic extraction method using hydroxyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hp-beta-cd) to estimate uptake of the two insecticides alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp) and chlorfenvinphos (cfvp) in the earthworm eisenia fetida. additionally, a novel approach was developed to estimate the efficiency of biomimetic e ... | 2008 | 19068827 |
| comparative effects of cd and pb on biochemical response and dna damage in the earthworm eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). | there are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) on the environment in china. biochemical and comet assays were conducted on the earthworm eisenia fetida, a suitable bio-indicator organism for evaluating soil pollution after exposure to two heavy metals, cd and pb. protein content increased at low cd concentrations (p<0.05) and decreased at the highest concentration of 10 mg kg(-1), compared to control (p<0.05). pb showed an inhibitory effect on protein content ... | 2009 | 19059628 |
| genotoxic and reproductive effects of an industrially contaminated soil on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | polluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in lorraine (france) was studied for its genotoxicity and reproductive effects on the eisenia fetida earthworm. genotoxicity was investigated by means of the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay on the coelomocytes of earthworms after 4 and 10 days of exposure to the soil. dna damage and a decline in the number of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms were observed at coking plant soil concentrations of 20 and 40% (w/w) in iso soil. these ... | 2009 | 19031410 |
| immobilization of pentachlorophenol in soil using carbonaceous material amendments. | in this study, three pentachlorophenol (pcp) laboratory-spiked and one field-contaminated soil were amended with 2.0% char, humic acid (ha) and peat, respectively. the amended soils were aged for either 7 or 250 days. after amendment, cacl(2) extractability of pcp was significantly decreased. desorption kinetics indicated that the proposed amendment could lead to a strong binding and slow desorption of pcp in soils. amendment with char reduced the bioaccumulation factor (baf) of pcp most signifi ... | 2009 | 19028411 |
| an earthworm protease cleaving serum fibronectin and decreasing hbeag in hepg2.2.15 cells. | virus-binding activity is one of the important functions of fibronectin (fn). it has been reported that a high concentration of fn in blood improves the transmission frequency of hepatitis viruses. therefore, to investigate a protease that hydrolyzes fn rapidly is useful to decrease the fn concentration in blood and hbv infection. so far, however, no specific protease digesting fn in serum has been reported. | 2008 | 19025649 |
| subacute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on the springtail, folsomia candida , and the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | the ecotoxicological effects of transgenic maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on two soil invertebrates were studied under laboratory settings. after being reared for 28 days on ltb-maize-treated soils, no apparent mortality of the springtail, folsomia candida , or the earthworm, eisenia fetida , was observed at levels well above conservatively projected estimated environmental concentrations. therefore, it is concluded that there would be ... | 2008 | 19012409 |
| impact of biotransformation and bioavailability on the toxicity of the insecticides alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenvinphos in earthworm. | knowledge about the bioavailability and metabolism of pesticides in soil organisms facilitates interpretation of its toxicity in soil. the present study relates uptake kinetics and metabolism of two insecticides, the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp) and the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos (cfvp), in the earthworm eisenia fetida to their lethal and sublethal toxicity. experiments were conducted in two soils with different organic matter contents to provide media with contrasting sorption ... | 2008 | 18959415 |
| usefulness of dna barcoding in ecotoxicological investigations: resolving taxonomic uncertainties using eisenia malm 1877 as an example. | standard test species may differ in their response to toxicants. accurate identification of test organisms is therefore of critical importance in correctly interpreting data generated from laboratory assays. this is not always possible when species are morphologically similar or where the taxonomy of the group has recently been revised. a case in hand concerns eisenia sp. based on recent genetic evidence two species, eisenia andrei and eisenia fetida, which were previously considered a single sp ... | 2009 | 18949437 |
| the toxicity of ammonia/ammonium to the vermifiltration wastewater treatment process. | this study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of ammonia/ammonium to key species within the vermifiltration process. the key species, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was subjected to a series of tests in solid phase mesocosms and full-scale units. the solid phase tests showed a relatively low toxicity to ammonium with ammonium chloride having an lc50 for ammonium of 1.49 g/kg. ammonium sulfate did not show an effect on mortality at 2 g/kg ammonium. the full-scale units showed that ammonia hydro ... | 2008 | 18845859 |
| lysosomal membrane response of earthworm, eisenia fetida, to arsenic contamination in soils. | earthworm (eisenia fetida) were exposed to sandy soils contaminated with arsenate (0.01-0.3 micromol g(-1)) for 28 days. lysosomal membrane stability was used as a biomarker to determine the applicability of neutral-red retention times (nrrts) for arsenic (as) toxicity to earthworm in soils. total as and as speciation were analyzed to evaluate dose-response relationship between as accumulation and nrrts and to observe the role of as metabolism in earthworms on a subcellular level toxicity. signi ... | 2009 | 18825726 |
| multi-isomorphous replacement phasing of the earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component a from eisenia fetida. | earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component a (efea) from eisenia fetida, a protein functioning not only as a direct fibrinolytic enzyme, but also as a plasminogen activator, has been crystallized in p2(1)2(1)2(1) space group with 3 protein molecules per asymmetric unit. four heavy atom derivatives were prepared using a mother liquor containing 1.4 mol . l(-1) li(2)so(4) and 0.1 mol . l(-1) mops buffer (ph7.2) and used to solve the protein's diffraction phase. the heavy atom binding sites in the der ... | 2003 | 18763141 |
| metal remediation from partially composted distillery sludge using composting earthworm eisenia fetida. | distillery sludge, a sugar industry byproduct, has been recommended widely as a potential soil conditioner, but high concentrations of metals limit its continuous use for field crops. in this study we tested the feasibility of earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny) in removing metals (fe, cu, zn, pb) from sludge through vermitechnology. the transfer of metals during the vermicomposting process was also estimate in terms of total metal contents in vermicomposted sludge and earthworm tissues. the slud ... | 2008 | 18728904 |
| measuring and modelling mixture toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on caenorhabditis elegans and eisenia fetida. | while the standard models of concentration addition and independent action predict overall toxicity of multicomponent mixtures reasonably, interactions may limit the predictive capability when a few compounds dominate a mixture. this study was conducted to test if statistically significant systematic deviations from concentration addition (i.e. synergism/antagonism, dose ratio- or dose level-dependency) occur when two taxonomically unrelated species, the earthworm eisenia fetida and the nematode ... | 2009 | 18723220 |
| role of clay content in partitioning, uptake and toxicity of zinc in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | we studied the effect of clay content on the bioavailability of zinc to pre-clitellate earthworm, eisenia fetida in the laboratory using oecd artificial soil adjusted to 5%, 20%, and 40% clay. batches of worms were exposed to a wide range of zinc concentrations. mortality, growth, maturation (% clitellate), cocoon production, and body zinc concentrations were assessed over and after a period of 4 weeks. total, dtpa, and cacl(2) extractable zinc in the substrates were also determined. the results ... | 2009 | 18715644 |
| vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic eisenia fetida (oligochaeta). | efforts have been made in this study to stabilize the sewage sludge mixed with sugarcane trash in four different proportions: 20% (t(1)); 40% (t(2)); 60% (t(3)) and 80% (t(4)), under laboratory conditions using epigeic earthworm (oligochaeta) eisenia fetida. the composting potential of worm was also evaluated in 100% sewage sludge treatment (t(5)). the changes in chemical properties of substrate was measured at the end. the vermicomposted material showed decrease in organic c (4.8-12.7%) and exc ... | 2009 | 18672324 |
| changes in bacterial numbers and microbial activity of pig slurry during gut transit of epigeic and anecic earthworms. | in soils, organic matter decomposition and stabilization largely occur as a result of microbial activity, although when present, earthworms are important drivers of the processes through their interactions with microflora which begin during organic matter digestion by earthworms. here, we studied the effects of gut transit on the number of bacteria and the microbial activity in pig slurry, using three epigeic (eisenia fetida, eisenia andrei, eudrilus eugeniae) and one anecic (octodrilus complana ... | 2009 | 18639984 |
| identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in eisenia fetida coelomocytes. | the aim of this work was to identify in eisenia fetida genes whose expression are regulated following exposure to a complex mixture of metallic trace elements (mte) representative of a highly polluted smelter soil. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to construct cdna libraries enriched in up- or down-regulated transcripts in the immune-circulating cells of the coelomic cavities, namely coelomocytes, from worms exposed to metallic pollution. among 1536 ssh-derived cdna clones se ... | 2008 | 18634820 |
| expression of pacap-like compounds during the caudal regeneration of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the regeneration of the ventral nerve cord ganglion and peripheral tissues was investigated by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in the model animal, eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). it is now well-established that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a neurotrophic factor, playing important roles in the development of the nervous system in vertebrate animals. based on the apparent evolutionary conservation of pacap and on the several common mechanisms of ... | 2008 | 18622585 |
| arsenic accumulation and toxicity in the earthworm eisenia fetida affected by chloride and phosphate. | chloride and phosphate (po4) were added to field soils contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals, and eisenia fetida were inoculated in these treated soils for 70 d. after 28 d, earthworm survival, body weight, and cocoon production were measured. during the exposure period, the accumulation of as and four metals (cu, zn, cd, and pb) in e. fetida was analyzed. bulk soils and soil solutions were characterized for the contents of as, metals, organic matter, and major cations and anions; cation ex ... | 2008 | 18620473 |
| effects, uptake, and fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene aged in soil in plants and worms. | the present study was aimed at providing data to be used at predicting exposure-based effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) aged in soil on endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used to define criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate sublethal toxicity and uptake of aged soil-based explosives, with tnt as the main contaminant. in these tests, plants were ... | 2008 | 18620472 |
| [impact of benzo [a] pyrene the expression of mitochondrion-encoded genes in the earthworm eisenia fetida]. | the earthworm eisenia fetida's benzo [a] pyrene (bap) exposure experiments were carried out in artificial soil according to iso 11268-1:1993. and then the upregulated and downregulated subtractive cdna libraries were constructed by clontech pcr-select cdna subtration kit. from the bap exposure upregulated subtractive cdna library, several cdna segments matched mitochondrion-encoded genes were found, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (co i), subunit ii (co ii), subunit ill (co iii), nadh d ... | 2008 | 18613511 |
| changes in the expression of pacap-like compounds during the embryonic development of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is expressed at very early stages in the vertebrate nervous system, and its functions in the embryonic development have been shown by various studies. pacap is an extremely conserved molecule in phylogeny; however, little is known about its presence and functions in invertebrates. our previous studies have shown the occurrence of pacap-like immunoreactivity in the invertebrate nervous system. the aim of this study was to investigate the ... | 2008 | 18607777 |
| effects of incubation time and organism density on the bioaccumulation of soil-borne p,p'-dde by the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess the influence of incubation time and organism density on bioaccumulation of weathered p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-dde) from soil by the earthworm eisenia fetida. bioaccumulation was measured after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. tissue concentration increased with incubation time and steady state was not reached until at least 42 days. organism density had no effect on the bioaccumulation of weathered p,p'-dde. ratios of ... | 2008 | 18587515 |
| 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine generated in the earthworm eisenia fetida grown in metal-containing soil. | heavy metal pollution of soil causes biological problems, such as mutagenicity to living organisms, including human beings. however, few methods have been developed to assess metal mutagenicity in soil. to avoid metal mutagenicity, an adequate bio-monitoring method is required. in the present study, to determine if the analysis of oxidative dna damage generated in the earthworm is a useful bio-monitoring method for soil mutagenicity, the accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oh-dg), a major ... | 2008 | 18585474 |
| vermiremediation and nutrient recovery of non-recyclable paper waste employing eisenia fetida. | with the industrial growth, changing life style and consumeristic attitude paper consumption has increased significantly in yesteryears. the authors have observed that waste paper obtained from consumable items and used paper products are disposed in open by the consumers as these are not accepted by the salvaging industry. in the present study, an attempt has been made to vermicompost non-recyclable post-consumer paper waste (pw) amended with cow dung (cd) employing eisenia fetida earthworm in ... | 2009 | 18573612 |
| bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment. | decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. in this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (eisenia fetida), collembolae (folsomia candida), and higher plants (brassica chinensis, lactucca sativa and avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. although ... | 2008 | 18561306 |
| microbial and nutrient stabilization of two animal manures after the transit through the gut of the earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826). | here we studied how the transit through the gut of the earthworm eisenia fetida affects the microbial and nutrient stabilization of pig and cow manure, by analyzing fresh casts. earthworms reduced the pools of dissolved organic c and n in casts from both types of manure, as wells as mineral n. microbial biomass was enhanced only in casts from pig manure and did not change in casts from cow manure, and fungal populations only raised in casts from cow manure. earthworms reduced microbial activity ... | 2009 | 18511187 |
| subcellular distribution of cd and pb in earthworm eisenia fetida as affected by ca2+ ions and cd-pb interaction. | a semi-static solution culture method was used to study the effects of ca(2+) supply and interaction of cd-pb on the subcellular distribution of cd and pb in earthworm eisenia fetida. the subcellular distribution of cd and pb was shown to be metal specific. about 80% of the cd was distributed in the cytosol (fraction g), and only about 20% of total cd was found in the tissue and cell membrane (fraction e) and the microsomes (fraction f). nearly 50% of the pb was rich in the tissue and cell membr ... | 2008 | 18502505 |
| vermiconversion of industrial sludge for recycling the nutrients. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the transformation of sugar mill sludge (pm) amended with biogas plant slurry (bps) into vermicompost employing an epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. to achieve the objectives experiments were conducted for 13 weeks under controlled environmental conditions. in all the waste mixtures, a decrease in ph, toc, tk and c:n ratio, but increase in tkn and tp was recorded. maximum worm biomass and growth rate was attained in 20% pm containing waste mixture. ... | 2008 | 18490154 |
| [low dose benzo(a)pyrene up-regulated the transcription of hsp70 and hsp90 in eisenia fetida]. | to search for the molecular biomarkers of sub-lethal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-contamination of soil, the subtractive cdna libraries of earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) in artificial soil were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization. after sequencing and analyzing with basic local alignment search tool (blast), two clones matching heat shock protein 70 k da (hsp70) and one clone matching heat shock protein 90 k da (hsp90) were isolated from the ... | 2008 | 18464650 |