Publications

immunological recovery and antiretroviral therapy in hiv-1 infection.	potent antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients infected with hiv-1. primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus, and other pathogens can be discontinued safely once cd4 cell counts have increased beyond pathogen-specific thresholds. approximately one-third of individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy will not reach cd4 cell counts above 500 cells per mul after 5 years despite continuous suppression of ...	2006	16631548
successful umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with rothmund-thomson syndrome and combined immunodeficiency.	the atp-dependent dna helicase q4 (recql4) belongs to a family of conserved recq helicases that are felt to be important in maintaining chromosomal integrity (kitao et al., 1998, genomics: 54 (3): 443-452). deletions in the recql4 gene located on chromosome 8 region q24.3 have been associated with rothmund-thomson syndrome (rts, omim 268400), a condition characterized by poikiloderma, sparse hair, small stature, skeletal abnormalities, cataracts and an increased risk of malignancy. we present a ...	2006	16630167
clinical features, etiology and short term outcomes of interstitial pneumonitis in hiv/aids patients.	a prospective study was conducted at bamrasnaradura hospital, nonthaburi province, thailand from november 11, 2002 to january 5, 2003. a total of 59 hiv/aids patients with interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs were included in the study. the objectives of this study were to describe the clinical manifestations and determine the etiologies of interstitial pneumonitis, assess the short-term outcomes and determine the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of the etiologies of interstitial pneu ...	2005	16610649
twenty years of clinical human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in hong kong.	to elucidate the development of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinical care and research in hong kong.	2006	16603781
non.invasive ventilation for adult acute respiratory failure. part ii.	to discuss the clinical indications and complications of non-invasive ventilation.	1999	16603004
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases].		2002	16583738
pneumocystis carinii versus pneumocystis jirovecii (jiroveci) frenkel.		2006	16575751
pneumocystis nomenclature.		2006	16575750
pneumocystis carinii nomenclature: 2 misnomers are not better than 1.		2006	16575749
pneumocystis carinii nomenclature: response to cushion and stringer.		2006	16575748
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for support of children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the extracorporeal life support organization experience.	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is a means of respiratory and hemodynamic support for patients failing conventional therapies. children requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who develop complications during therapy may require ecmo. such patients pose medical and ethical challenges for clinicians considering initiation of ecmo. the authors review the outcomes of these patients and propose recommendations.	2006	16567173
[pneumocystis carini infection in patients with hiv/aids in the republic of armenia].		2006	16562756
pneumocystis carinii and trichosporon beigelii pneumonia following allogeneic haemopoeitic stem cell transplantation.	pneumocystis carinii and trichosporon beigelii are opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. we report a case of a young lady who underwent haemopoeitic stem cell transplantation for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. this 25 years old female developed fever, dry cough and rapidly progressive dyspnoea during post transplant neutropenia and was found to be suffering from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. she was successfully treated with co-trimoxazole. the patient again presented ...	2006	16555641
a novel approach to restore lung immunity during systemic immunosuppression.	systemic immunosuppression accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. pulmonary infections represent the most common cause of death in these patients. the resident inflammatory cell in the lung is the alveolar macrophage (am) and its function is markedly diminished by immunosuppression. we hypothesized that ams from normal mice with or without gene transfer of the gamma interferon gene inside the macrophages, can restore alveolar immunity in immunosuppressed mice with severe com ...	2005	16555616
active immunization against pneumocystis carinii with a recombinant p. carinii antigen.	mice immunized with recombinant mouse pneumocystis carinii antigen a12-thioredoxin fusion protein developed an antibody response that recognized p. carinii antigens, as determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. compared to mice immunized with thioredoxin alone, mice immunized with a12-thioredoxin had significantly reduced lung p. carinii burdens after cd4+ t-cell depletion and challenge with p. carinii.	2006	16552076
inhaled azithromycin therapy.	the treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases with pharmaceutical aerosols is an attractive option considering the accessibility of the lungs for topical drug delivery. aerosols have been targeted to the lungs for the treatment of asthma with great success. current therapies for other diseases, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly pneumocystis carinii), and mycobacterial infections, remain suboptimal due to the efficacy/safety profile. this may be improved by aeros ...	2006	16551215
a case of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in x-linked agammaglobulinaemia treated with immunosuppressive therapy: a lesson for immunologists.	the case of a 20-year-old patient, affected by x-linked agammaglobulinaemia (xla), who developed severe pneumonia from pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii) (pcp), is reported. this infection usually affects patients with aids, children affected by severe combined immunodeficiency or hypogammaglobulinaemia with hyperimmunoglobulin m, or patients undergoing severe immunosuppression. the xla patient developed pcp during therapy with steroids and cyclosporine a, carried out for seve ...	2006	16549936
dose-dense r-chop-14 supported by pegfilgrastim in patients with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: a phase ii study of feasibility and toxicity.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of chop-14, with rituximab (r-chop-14), supported by pegfilgrastim, in untreated diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl).	2006	16537117
sustained remission from angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma induced by alemtuzumab.	a 73-year-old woman presented with acute lower back pain, fever, chills and arthralgias. she had previously had a positive protein derivative test with a negative chest x-ray; her medical history was also remarkable for a mitral valve prolapse. initial symptoms resolved spontaneously without therapy, but fever recurred with associated arthralgias, myalgias, diffuse and worsening lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.	2006	16520806
ultrastructural studies of pneumocystis carinii jiroveci.		2006	16501693
severe and protracted hypoglycaemia associated with co-trimoxazole use.	co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is a commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. although it is well tolerated in most patients, serious adverse events related to its use have been described. hypoglycaemia is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of therapy. we describe a case of refractory hypoglycaemia complicated by seizure associated with co-trimoxazole for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids. we also review 13 previously reported ...	2006	16500599
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia associated with pneumocystis carinii infection and sirolimus therapy in a renal transplant patient.	we present the case of a renal transplant patient on sirolimus (rapamycin) therapy who developed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia in association with pneumocystis carinii infection. to our knowledge, such a case has not been previously reported.	2006	16499733
isolation of the pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate synthase gene and functional complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the pneumocystis carinii gene encoding the enzyme dihydrofolate synthase (dhfs), which is involved in the essential biosynthesis of folates, was isolated from clones of the pneumocystis genome project, and sequenced. the deduced p. carinii dhfs protein shares 38% and 35% identity with dhfs of schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. p. carinii dhfs expressed from a plasmid functionally complemented a s. cerevisiae mutant with no dhfs. comparison of available dhfss wi ...	2006	16499613
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with hypercalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels in a renal transplant patient.		2006	16495820
disseminate and fatal cytomegalovirus disease with thymitis in a naive hiv-patient after early initiation of haart: immune restoration disease?	we describe a naive hiv-infected patient who developed a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminate and fatal cytomegalovirus disease within 3 months after initiation of haart, suggesting due to coincidence in time, an immune restoration disease. we propose an alternative hypothesis.	2006	16481214
it's pneumocystis jiroveci not pneumocystis carinii.		2006	16478877
towards species-specific antifolates.	dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) plays an essential role in cellular biochemistry and has been a well-recognized drug target for over fifty years. antifolate inhibitors of dhfr, including clinically used therapeutics such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine have been successful as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic agents. as resistant strains of these microorganisms evolve and as new disease threats arise, the need for new antifolates that are potent and specific ...	2006	16475929
ophthalmic lesions in dexamethasone-treated rats naturally infected with sialodacryoadenitis virus while concurrently used for pneumocystis carinii propagation.		1996	16457526
basic biology of pneumocystis carinii: a mini review.	basic aspects of cell biology of pneumocystis carinii are reviewed with major emphasis on its life cycle and the structural organization of the trophozoites and cyst forms. initially considered as a protozoan it is now established that pneumocystis belongs to the fungi kingdom. its life cycle includes two basic forms: (a) trophozoites, which are haploid cells that divide by binary fission and may conjugate with each other forming an early procyst and (b) cysts where division takes place through ...	2006	16444423
pneumocystis and trypanosoma cruzi: nomenclature and typifications.	published phylogenetic reclassifications of pneumocystis as a fungus resulted in a nomenclatural shift from the zoological code to the international code of botanical nomenclature. the same may be true for all microsporidians and sundry other organisms. this resulted in the invalidation of names and subsequently precipitated changes to the botanical code to accommodate pneumocystis and microsporidian names. the repercussions following application of the 2005 vienna code to pneumocystis nomenclat ...	2006	16441572
clinically directed selective screening for hiv infection in hospitalized children.	as hiv infection presents with several manifestations, none of which is specific, several children are subjected to hiv testing. very few studies have examined the issue of probability of hiv infection with a given clinical manifestation.	2005	16424555
extra-pulmonary aspects of acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as predicted by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice.	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf)-/- mice are an invaluable model for exploring the effects of systemic gm-csf deficiency. their lung phenotype exactly reproduces the abnormalities seen in human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap). however, gm-csf-/- mice also have significant systemic functional abnormalities. these include immune defects which result in a reduced susceptibility to a range of experimentally induced autoimmune disorders. these immunological defects are a ...	2006	16423263
phase ii study of temozolomide and thalidomide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.	standard, intravenous chemotherapy regimens for neuroendocrine tumors have been associated with limited response rates and significant toxicity. we evaluated the efficacy of an oral regimen of temozolomide and thalidomide in patients with metastatic carcinoid, pheochromocytoma, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.	2006	16421420
pneumocystis carinii infection sensitizes lung to radiation-induced injury after syngeneic marrow transplantation: role of cd4+ t cells.	a murine model of bone marrow transplant (bmt)-related lung injury was developed to study how infection sensitizes lung to the damaging effects of total body irradiation (tbi) at infectious and tbi doses that individually do not cause injury. mice infected with pneumocystis carinii exhibited an asymptomatic, rapid, and transient influx of eosinophils and t cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). in contrast, mice infected with p. carinii 7 days before receiving tbi and syngeneic bmt (p. ca ...	2006	16399785
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced aseptic meningitis.	we present a 46-year-old african-american man with aids who was admitted on two different occasions within three weeks for signs and symptoms of meningitis after using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). tmp/smx is primarily used for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in aids patients. drug-induced aseptic meningitis (diam) is commonly seen with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), antibiotics (with tmp/smx being the most frequently implicated), intravenou ...	2005	16396068
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hong kong: a 10 year retrospective study.	a retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) from 1994 to 2003 at the prince of wales hospital in hong kong. eighteen patients were identified. six (33.3%) were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the remaining 12 non-hiv-infected patients had underlying diseases: three post-renal transplant recipients, three with haematological malignancies, two with auto-immune diseases, two with renal diseases, one with hepatocellular ca ...	2006	16388034
duplication of peri-kappab and nf-kappab sites of the first human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) transmission in brazil.	after the identification of hiv-2 in 1986, most of the cases reported have been concentrated in west africa. we identified a case of hiv-2 infection in são paulo, brazil of a 45-year-old female who presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, with a cd4 count of 22 cells/ml. dna samples from this patient were subjected to end-point pcr amplification of the ltr region. clones were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. all clones were subtype a related, and four presented an insertio ...	2005	16386115
sgcedb: a flexible database and web interface integrating experimental results and analysis for structural genomics focusing on caenorhabditis elegans.	the sgcedb (http://sgce.cbse.uab.edu) database/interface serves the primary purpose of reporting progress of the structural genomics of caenorhabditis elegans project at the university of alabama at birmingham. it stores and analyzes results of experiments ranging from solubility screening arrays to individual protein purification and structure solution. external databases and algorithms are referenced and evaluated for target selection in the human, c.elegans and pneumocystis carinii genomes. t ...	2006	16381914
complement and fc function are required for optimal antibody prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in the immunocompromised host. we investigated the role of antibody fc-mediated function in passive prophylaxis against the development of pcp in scid mice. by comparison of anti-mouse p. carinii immunoglobulin g1 monoclonal antibody (mab) 4f11(g1) and its f(ab')2 derivative in an intranasal immunoprophylaxis model, we determined that fc-mediated function is required for maximum effect of this antibod ...	2006	16368994
recurrent corneal erosion (rce) secondary to lattice dystrophy in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).	we present a case of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patient with recurrent erosion (rce) secondary to lattice corneal dystrophy. as a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient becomes more immunocompromised, the ocular surface defense mechanisms may be compromised. lattice dystrophy, rce, and modifying approaches to the management of rce in an hiv-positive or aids patient are reviewed.	2005	16361033
international neuroaids: prospects of hiv-1 associated neurological complications.	neurological complications associated with hiv-1/aids are being recognized with a high frequency that parallels the increased number of aids cases. the early infiltration by hiv-1 into the nervous system can cause primary and/or secondary neurological complications. the most common neurocognitive disorder is aids dementia complex (adc). in developing countries of asia the three most opportunistic infections are tuberculosis (tb), cryptococcosis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. therefore, it ...	2005	16354575
[a study of initial antiretroviral therapy effectiveness, survival and safety in hiv+ patients].	to study initial antiretroviral therapies indicated for hiv-infected patients during the 2001-2003 period regarding effectiveness, survival and safety.	2005	16351454
characterization of nebulized buparvaquone nanosuspensions--effect of nebulization technology.	the poorly soluble drug buparvaquone is proposed as an alternative treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) lung infections. physically stable nanosuspensions were formulated in order to deliver the drug at the site of infection using nebulization. the aerosolization characteristics of two buparvaquone nanosuspensions were determined with commercial jet and ultrasonic nebulizer devices. aerosol droplet size distribution was determined with laser diffractometry (ld). nebulization of the ...	2005	16332575
respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage in a puerto rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	to describe the respiratory pathogens found in the bronchoalveolar lavage of a puerto rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).	2005	16331860
the host response of cd28-deficient mice to pneumocystis infection.	pneumocystis infection leads to a life threatening pneumonia in susceptible individuals. while depletion or dysfunction of cd4+t cells is a key determinant of susceptibility to pneumocystis, the host response that leads to resolution of infection or lung injury is less well understood. we had previously shown that mice deficient in the t cell costimulatory molecule cd28 are susceptible to infection with pneumocystis. a detailed analysis revealed that they clear pneumocystis with delayed kinetics ...	2006	16324820
cell-mediated adaptive immune defense of the lungs.	cell-mediated adaptive immune responses contribute to defense against all classes of pulmonary pathogens and are essential against viruses, mycobacteria, and fungi, including pneumocystis carinii. adaptive responses depend on sequential pairwise interactions between three cell types: t cells, natural killer (nk) cells, and dendritic cells (dc). differential expression of specific adhesion molecules and chemokines regulates the location and timing of these interactions. primary adaptive responses ...	2005	16322591
eye signs that alert the clinician to a diagnosis of aids.	one of the hallmarks of progressive immune deficiency is a steady decline in the absolute number of cd4+ t-lymphocytes. as the immune response thus becomes suppressed, opportunistic systemic infections such as protozoal (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, disseminated toxoplasmosis), viral (cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and colitis and persistent invasive herpes simplex lesions), fungal (cryptococcossis and esophageal candidiasis) and bacterial infections (atypical mycobacterial and extrapulmonary tu ...	2005	16320530
steroid-induced tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with mycosis fungoides treated for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		2005	16315260
a recent increase in aids at lyon university hospitals: patient characteristics and comparisons with previous years.	a 36% increase in the incidence of aids was observed in 2002/2003 compared with 2000/2001 at lyon university hospitals.	2006	16313294
survey of zoonoses recorded in scotland between 1993 and 2002.	all the human and animal laboratory reports of zoonoses sent to health protection scotland between 1993 and 2002 were identified. there were 24,946 reports from veterinary laboratories, and 94,718 (20 per cent) of the 468,214 reports from medical laboratories were considered to be zoonotic. the most common reports of zoonoses from people were campylobacter, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia species and escherichia coli o157. the most common reports of zoonoses from animals were salmonella, ...	2005	16311383
the acronym "pcp" is pneumocystis pneumonia, not pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		2005	16304030
presentation of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in a patient status post small bowel transplant.	methemoglobinemia, an uncommon hemoglobinopathy, affects oxygen transport, causing tissue hypoxia. in the perioperative period, methemoglobinemia is often overlooked as a cause of low oxygen saturation, often mistaken for the more common causes of hypoxia, such as atelectasis, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary embolus, among other causes of respiratory failure. most cases of methemoglobinemia in the perioperative period are precipitated by local anesthetics, especially benzocaine. dapsone, a sulfone ...	2005	16297761
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation.	being immuno-suppressed, renal allograft recipients are at increased risk of contracting various infectious complications. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the important opportunistic infection causing high morbidity and mortality in these patients. majority of studies has reported the occurrence of pcp during 6 months to one year after renal transplantation. this communication describes occurrence of pcp in five renal allograft recipients 10 weeks to 72 months after transplantatio ...	2004	16295369
non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease as a cause of hospitalization in hiv-infected subjects.	the present study characterized and determined the prevalence of mycobacterial diseases (tuberculosis (tb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm)) as a cause of hospitalization among hiv-infected subjects consecutively admitted to a large metropolitan hospital during 2001/2002.	2006	16290202
has the name really been changed? it has for most researchers.		2005	16288400
pneumocystis carinii: has the name really been changed?	the proposed renaming of pneumocystis carinii has caused much confusion and controversy among authors, peer reviewers, editors, and interested readers. proponents of the new nomenclature emphasize the fact that the new names are judged to be "valid" by the international code of botanical nomenclature. what is generally not appreciated is the fact that the international code of botanical nomenclature does not make any determination as to the scientific correctness of proposed names; rather, it ma ...	2005	16288399
[management of septic shock and acquired respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric cancer patients].	septic shock occurs in 6 % of paediatric cancer patients with neutropenia and fever. the mortality of the septic shock is 40 % in bmt patients and 5 % in others. one third of paediatric ards cases affect immunocompromised individuals with a total mortality of 45 % and 80 % after bmt. septic shock is caused by gram-negative bacteria in more than 75 %. ards is due to pneumonia in more than 50 %, sepsis in about 25 %. this article provides the recommendations of the infectious diseases working part ...	2005	16288359
co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium intracellulare in aids.	in the observation of various opportunistic pathogens in hiv-positive persons, co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans together with mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found if there was a cd4 lymphocyte count as low as 3-20 microl. in 1540 hiv-positive patients under treatment at a berlin hospital (auguste-viktoria-krankenhaus) during 1985-1994, all aids-relevant diseases were examined in a multivariate analysis as variables of influence on the manifestation of a systemic mycobacterium aviu ...	1997	16284809
hospitalizations for metabolic conditions, opportunistic infections, and injection drug use among hiv patients: trends between 1996 and 2000 in 12 states.	rapid changes in hiv epidemiology and highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) may have resulted in recent changes in patterns of inpatient utilization.	2005	16284539
human pneumocystosis.	pneumocystis is an atypical fungus causing pneumonia in immuno-compromised individuals. though previously termed as pneumocystis carinii, the recent taxonomy has considered human derived pneumocystis to be a different species pneumocystis jiroveci. the organism is the most common cause of opportunistic infections among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in developed countries. incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia or pneumocystosis in developing countries including india conti ...	2005	16255399
immunodeficiency in the absence of high viral load in pig-tailed macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus sivsun or sivlhoest.	simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is known to result in an asymptomatic infection of its natural african monkey host. however, some siv strains are capable of inducing aids-like symptoms and death upon experimental infection of asian macaques. to further investigate the virulence of natural siv isolates from african monkeys, pig-tailed (pt) macaques were inoculated intravenously with either of two recently discovered novel lentiviruses, sivlhoest and sivsun. both viruses were apparently apatho ...	2005	16254339
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on f-18 fdg pet.		2005	16237310
a prospective, non-randomised phase 1-2 trial of vacop-b with filgrastim support for hiv-related non-hodgkin's lymphoma.	non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) remains an important complication of associated hiv infection despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (art), and the optimum chemotherapy regimen for this disease remains to be defined. a dose-escalation trial was performed to determine the maximum tolerated doses of etoposide and doxorubicin as part of the 12-week vacop-b regimen, supported by filgrastim (r-methug-csf). patients with aggressive histology hiv-related nhl who were previously untreated with chemothe ...	2005	16216784
food and drug administration drug approval summary: temozolomide plus radiation therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.	on march 15, 2005, the u.s. food and drug administration approved temozolomide (temodar capsules, schering-plough research institute) for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment. five hundred seventy-three glioblastoma multiforme patients were randomized to receive either temozolomide + radiotherapy (n = 287) or radiotherapy alone (n = 286). patients in the temozolomide + radiotherapy arm recei ...	2005	16203762
(1-->3)-beta-d glucan is a diagnostic and negative prognostic marker for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease.	to assess risk factors for p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) and compare the outcome of survivors and nonsurvivors in patients with various connective tissue diseases (ctd).	2005	16173245
fdg-pet imaging in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the authors present a case of a 26-year-old man, under investigation for cushing syndrome, who presented acutely with a dry cough and fever. the blood tests were unremarkable apart from a moderate to severe leukopenia. imaging tests were suggestive of an atypical pneumonia, which was proven to be pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on cytology examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). the acute lung changes were demonstrated on a whole-body f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) positron emission t ...	2005	16166846
pulmonary complications in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: autopsy findings.	to describe the pulmonary findings at autopsy of blood and bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients.	2005	16162733
[clinical diagnosis and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by tuberculosis].	to explore the clinical characteristics and method of therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients complicated by tuberculosis.	2001	16136909
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infected patients from mumbai.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is believed to be rare in the developing world and no large prospective indian series have been reported to date. the present study was conducted to study the clinical profile and outcome of pcp in patients with hiv infection.	2005	16124351
non-specific interstitial pneumonia in an hiv positive patient.	a 56 year old male presented with features of interstitial lung disease and was detected hiv positive. histopathology of the lung suggested non-specific interstitial pneumonia with no evidence of tumour or pneumocystis carinii. the patient responded to steroids and was started on anti-retroviral treatment.	2005	16121814
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without immunodeficiency in a child].		1978	16114344
vitamin b3 confers resistance to sulfa drugs in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	sulfa drugs are ubiquitous antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections and diseases caused by eukaryotes, such as pneumocystis carinii, the leading cause of pneumonia (pcp) in hiv patients. a daily regimen of sulfonamides and multivitamins including vitamin b3 is also recommended for persons with hiv. we show that exogenous vitamin b3 (nicotinate) confers resistance to sulfa drugs in saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model for p. carinii. we propose a model of metabolic rerouting in which increased ...	2005	16112818
acute interstitial pneumonitis during chemotherapy for haematological malignancy.	fourteen adult patients with haematological malignancies (eight non-hodgkin's lymphoma, one multiple myeloma, one chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, two acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two acute myeloid leukaemia) developed acute interstitial pneumonitis (ip) during the course of chemotherapy. all patients manifested high fever over 38 degrees c, bilateral diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrates in the chest radiograph and severe hypoxia without hypercapnia in the arterial blood gas analysis. p ...	2005	16098118
antibiotic side effects.	there is recent enhanced interest in the potential of medication to produce serious toxicity, and the television media have focused on the serious side effects and drug-drug interactions caused by antibiotics. in fact, a recent hospital study noted that drug-related toxicity was one of the most common causes of death for hospitalized patients. antibiotic-induced adverse events contribute to host injury diagnostic confusion and excessive medical costs. in addition, however, a "spin-off'' of antib ...	2000	16088718
ubiquinone synthesis in mitochondrial and microsomal subcellular fractions of pneumocystis spp.: differential sensitivities to atovaquone.	the lung pathogen pneumocystis spp. is the causative agent of a type of pneumonia that can be fatal in people with defective immune systems, such as aids patients. atovaquone, an analog of ubiquinone (coenzyme q [coq]), inhibits mitochondrial electron transport and is effective in clearing mild to moderate cases of the infection. purified rat-derived intact pneumocystis carinii cells synthesize de novo four coq homologs, coq7, coq8, coq9, and coq10, as demonstrated by the incorporation of radiol ...	2005	16087753
pneumocystis pneumonia: an update.	pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of illness and death in immunocompromised hosts. the numbers of pneumocystis pneumonia cases in thailand have increased each year from 1992 to 2000 and peaked in 2000 at 6,255 cases. the microbe that causes pneumocystis pneumonia in humans is called pneumocystis jirovecii. pneumocystis sp. was discovered nearly a century ago, but the knowledge of pneumocystis sp. remained poorly understood, until the molecular biology techniques help scientists verify it f ...	2004	16083208
hiv-associated retinopathy in the haart era.	the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in restoring immune function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has led to changes in the incidence, natural history, management, and sequelae of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated retinopathies, especially cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis.	2005	16077362
trans insertion-splicing: ribozyme-catalyzed insertion of targeted sequences into rnas.	a group i intron-derived ribozyme from pneumocystis carinii has been previously shown to bind an exogenous rna substrate, splice out an internal segment, and then ligate the two ends back together (the trans excision-splicing reaction). we demonstrate that this same ribozyme can perform a trans insertion-splicing (tis) reaction, where the ribozyme binds two exogenous rna substrates and inserts one directly into the other. reactions were optimized for both yield and rate, with optimum reactions c ...	2005	16060679
lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate is a potent inhibitor of trypanosoma cruzi: prospect for chemotherapy of chagas' disease.	trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent for chagas' disease, which poses serious public health problem in latin america. the two drugs available for the treatment of this disease are effective only against recent infections and are toxic. dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) has a proven track record as a drug target. the lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate (tmq), which is an fda-approved drug for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids patients, is a potent inhi ...	2005	16048931
[detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in rats by pcr-elisa].	to establish a pcr-elisa and evaluate its use in detecting dna of pneumocystis carinii (p. c) in rat model.	2005	16042208
primary brain tumors treated with steroids and radiotherapy: low cd4 counts and risk of infection.	patients with primary brain tumors are often treated with high doses of corticosteroids for prolonged periods to reduce intracranial swelling and alleviate symptoms such as headaches. this treatment may lead to immunosuppression, placing the patient at risk of life-threatening opportunistic infections, such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the risk of contracting some types of infection may be reduced with prophylactic antibiotics. the purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of l ...	2005	16029802
mycophenolate mofetil may protect against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplanted patients.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is usually prevented in transplanted patients by prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (tms). mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been shown to have a strong protective effect against pcp in rats. this effect is also suggested in humans by the absence of pcp in patients receiving mmf. after january 1998 mmf has been used with no tms prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients. in azathioprine (aza) treated patients tms prophylaxis was maintained. the incidence ...	2005	16021287
a murine model of dual infection with cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii: effects of virus-induced immunomodulation on disease progression.	despite the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp) are both leading causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. it has previously been reported that cmv infection modulates host immune responses with a variety of mechanisms which include the suppression of helper t cell functions and antigen presenting cell (apc) functions, both of which are critical for pcp resolution. however, the mechanisms of these interactio ...	2005	16002171
de novo mutation causing x-linked hyper-igm syndrome: a family study in taiwan.	x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cd40 ligand (cd40l). it is characterized by recurrent infections with markedly decreased serum igg, iga and ige levels but normal or elevated igm levels. we report the clinical manifestations and complete immune studies in the first family with molecularly proven xhim in taiwan. a 5-month-old boy presented with rapidly progressive pneumonia which responded poorly to antibio ...	2005	15997875
[opportunistic protozoa--the problem in immunodeficient patients].	protozoan infections with a mild or asymptomatic course in immunocompetent individuals, in the case of immunocompromised patients could cause severe syndromes or fatal outcome. the different clinical course is possible to diagnose only with specific laboratory methods. actual settlements on the most often diagnosed in human opportunistic protozoan infections pathogenesis and diagnostics are presented.	2005	15997648
recent developments in pradimicin-benanomicin and triazole antibiotics.	fungal infections are on the rise as the number of patients with compromised immune systems continues to increase. the need for safer and more effective antifungals has resulted in the search for novel drug classes and for modifications to existing classes, with the aim of enhancing their antifungal spectra and potency. in this review, two classes of antifungals are discussed: the pradimicin-benanomicin antibiotics and the newer triazole derivatives. these have activity against candida spp., cry ...	1997	15989596
[serological diagnosis of pneumocystosis in the population of the republic of armenia].	serological investigations were first conducted in apparently healthy children and adults for pneumocyctosis in the republic of armenia in 2001-2004. the investigations provided evidence for that some of them were found to have antibodies to pneumocystis carinii, which is indicative of the circulation of the pathogen of p. carinii infection among the population of armenia. there were high serological affliction rates of p. carinii among the population in the republic of armenia, which shows it n ...	2005	15984614
design, synthesis, and antifolate activity of new analogues of piritrexim and other diaminopyrimidine dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors with omega-carboxyalkoxy or omega-carboxy-1-alkynyl substitution in the side chain.	as part of a search for dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors combining the high potency of piritrexim (ptx) with the high antiparasitic vs mammalian selectivity of trimethoprim (tmp), the heretofore undescribed 2,4-diamino-6-(2',5'-disubstituted benzyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 6-14 with o-(omega-carboxyalkyl) or omega-carboxy-1-alkynyl groups on the benzyl moiety were synthesized and tested against pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium dhfr vs rat dhfr. three n-(2 ...	2005	15974594
[pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp)--pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (syn. pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)].		2005	15973609
gene arrays at pneumocystis carinii telomeres.	in the fungus pneumocystis carinii, at least three gene families (prt1, msr, and msg) have the potential to generate high-frequency antigenic variation, which is likely to be a strategy by which this parasitic fungus is able to prolong its survival in the rat lung. members of these gene families are clustered at chromosome termini, a location that fosters recombination, which has been implicated in selective expression of msg genes. to gain insight into the architecture, evolution, and regulatio ...	2005	15965256
estimated economic losses of hospitalized aids patients at siriraj hospital from january 2003 to december 2003: time for aggressive voluntary counseling and hiv testing.	this retrospective study was performed to explore the pattern of adult hiv-infected patients admitted to siriraj hospital from january 2003 to december 2003 and estimated the economic losses of these patients. two hundred and forty four medical records were available for review. the proportion of male to female was 2 to 1. mean age of patients was 36.64 +/- 9.72 years. the mean cd4 count among 112 patients was 82.79 +/- 96.49 cell/mm3. one hundred and twenty four (50.82%) were newly diagnosed of ...	2005	15962640
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection in a patient with known chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.	chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a disorder of the skin, nails or mucous membranes in the absence of another cause of the infection. it is also associated with autoimmune endocrinopathies in 40% of patients. it is thought to be due to a t-cell defect, although no precise mechanism has been elucidated. there have been two previous cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia reported with this condition. we report a fatal case in a 34-year-old male.	2005	15955158
competitive coexistence of two pneumocystis species.	pneumocystis are fungal pathogens of mammalian lungs that can cause lethal pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. in some mammals, coinfections of genetically distinct pneumocystis populations have been identified, but the nature of their interaction and its significance are unknown. two species that infect rats, pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis wakefieldiae, were studied over a 6-year period, representing approximately 700 generations of pneumocystis. population densities of each species we ...	2006	15949973
immunosuppression and infectious complications in patients with stage iv indolent lymphoma treated with a fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone regimen.	myelosuppression and immunosuppression occur with purine analogs. the objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of combined fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (fnd) followed by interferon/dexamethasone on myelosuppression (absolute neutrophil counts), immunosuppression (cd4 and cd8 counts), and infectious complications in patients with previously untreated, stage iv indolent lymphoma.	2005	15948158
necrotizing vasculopathy of the cns: case report.	a 62-year-old man with progressive cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction had gadolinium-enhancing lesions in basal ganglia and occipital lobe on mri suggestive of primary cns lymphoma (pcnsl). the patient, who had been treated with high-dose steroid hormones for several months, developed respiratory failure and expired before a histological diagnosis could be obtained. the postmortem examination showed pneumocystis cariniiwas the cause of death. pathology of the brain showed a necrotizing vasculo ...	2005	15926001
adjuvant chemoradiation using 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid/cisplatin with or without paclitaxel and radiation in patients with completely resected high-risk gastric cancer: two cooperative phase ii studies of the aio/aro/aco.	the current two studies evaluate the feasibility, toxicity and efficacy of an adjuvant combined modality treatment strategy containing a three to four-drug chemotherapy regimen plus 5-fluorouracil (fu)-based radiochemotherapy.	2005	15919686
the findings of surgical lung biopsy in hiv patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.	surgical lung biopsy (slb) is rarely necessary in the evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the aim of this study is to describe the findings of slb in a recent cohort of hiv-infected patients with unexplained pulmonary infiltrates, and determine the impact of this procedure on management and outcome of these patients.	2005	15919273
increased risk of pneumocystis carinii and community-acquired pneumonia with tobacco use in hiv disease.	tobacco smoking-related diseases continue to be of great health concern for the public, in general, and may be particularly deleterious for immunosuppressed hiv-positive individuals, who exhibit widespread tobacco use.	2005	15916913
lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: 6-year follow-up.	lung transplantation is currently the most effective means of improving survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis. in reviewing our 6-year experience we sought to evaluate complications and survival after sequential bilateral lung transplantation. between october 1996 and october 2002, 114 patients with cystic fibrosis were referred to us from 15 italian regional centers and 2 support centers for cystic fibrosis as possible candidates for lung transplantation. of th ...	2005	15914093
re-examination of inhibitor resistance conferred by qo-site mutations in cytochrome b using yeast as a model system.	cytochrome b from yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae meyer ex hansen) provides a convenient model system for the study of qo-site inhibitor (qoi) resistance mutations from a variety of organisms. qoi resistance mutations from fungal plant pathogens (g143a and f129l), malaria agent plasmodium sp (y279c/s), and pneumocystis carinii (l275f), an opportunistic pathogenic fungus of man, were introduced into yeast cytochrome b and their effect on the binding of a variety of natural (myxothiazol and stigma ...	2005	15912560