Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of expertise acquisition on strategic perception: the example of chess. | the two experiments presented here study perceptual processes implemented by chess players in situations related to their domain of expertise. the aim was to determine how patterns are perceived as a function of their strategic value when players acquire expertise. in this study, conducted on novice and more experienced players, it is hypothesized that with acquisition of expertise players would quickly encode familiar patterns and then rapidly focus their attention on patterns with a higher imm ... | 2008 | 18938781 |
| pairs of cooperating cleaner fish provide better service quality than singletons. | service providers may vary service quality depending on whether they work alone or provide the service simultaneously with a partner. the latter case resembles a prisoner's dilemma, in which one provider may try to reap the benefits of the interaction without providing the service. here we present a game-theory model based on the marginal value theorem, which predicts that as long as the client determines the duration, and the providers cooperate towards mutual gain, service quality will increas ... | 2008 | 18923522 |
| [nutritional habits of young chess players]. | proper nutrition plays significant role in children's development and health protection in adults, as well. therefore such a study is extremely important particularly among youth population. it is well known that adequate nutrition also helps to achieve high sport results. the aim of the study was the nutritional habits evaluation of young chess players. | 2008 | 18922226 |
| reproducible mri measurement of adipose tissue volumes in genetic and dietary rodent obesity models. | to develop ratio mri [lipid/(lipid+water)] methods for assessing lipid depots and compare measurement variability with biological differences among lean controls (spontaneously hypertensive rats [shrs]), dietary obese rats (shr-dos), and genetic/dietary obese rats (shrobs). | 2008 | 18821617 |
| context-dependent behavior and the benefits of communal nesting. | we present a model for the behavior of communally nesting insects. females may forage for food to provision offspring or may remain in the nest, with the option of eating and replacing nest mates' eggs. orphaned brood are at risk of predation. the optimal behavior of solitary females is determined using stochastic dynamic programming; static and dynamic evolutionarily stable strategies (esss) are then calculated for colonies of various sizes. a solitary female should forage if her brood is small ... | 1998 | 18811389 |
| honesty and heroes: a positive psychology view of heroism and academic honesty. | academic honesty is under-researched in contrast to academic dishonesty. a majority of students self-report cheating in college. a low probability of punishment is reflected by few tried cases of academic misconduct. the authors argue that students who are in the minority by not engaging in academic dishonesty show considerable character strength and are examples of everyday heroes. the authors consider heroes persons who are courageous, have empathic concern for others, and have a high degree o ... | 2008 | 18792648 |
| most paralympians inspire, but others cheat. | 2008 | 18779526 | |
| deliberate practice and acquisition of expert performance: a general overview. | traditionally, professional expertise has been judged by length of experience, reputation, and perceived mastery of knowledge and skill. unfortunately, recent research demonstrates only a weak relationship between these indicators of expertise and actual, observed performance. in fact, observed performance does not necessarily correlate with greater professional experience. expert performance can, however, be traced to active engagement in deliberate practice (dp), where training (often designed ... | 2008 | 18778378 |
| nicolae c. paulescu--scientist and politician. | the question of who discovered insulin is controversial. one of the scientists working on pancreas extracts was nicolae paulescu, the so-called forgotten man. in addition to his scientific research he was also active in politics. he was the father of the virulent antisemitic fascist movement "garda de fer" in romania; he raved against the "jewish peril," claimed in his writings that the jews are a genetically degenerate people trying to cheat and poison the rumanian people by alcoholism, and mor ... | 2008 | 18751624 |
| a paradoxical signal intensity increase in fatty livers using opposed-phase gradient echo imaging with fat-suppression pulses. | with the increase in obese and overweight children, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become more prevalent in the pediatric population. appreciating subtleties of magnetic resonance (mr) signal intensity behavior from fatty livers under different imaging conditions thus becomes important to pediatric radiologists. we report an initially confusing signal behavior-increased signal from fatty livers when fat-suppression pulses are applied in an opposed-phase gradient echo imaging sequence-and s ... | 2008 | 18677467 |
| quantum private queries. | we propose a cheat sensitive quantum protocol to perform a private search on a classical database which is efficient in terms of communication complexity. it allows a user to retrieve an item from the database provider without revealing which item he or she retrieved: if the provider tries to obtain information on the query, the person querying the database can find it out. the protocol ensures also perfect data privacy of the database: the information that the user can retrieve in a single quer ... | 2008 | 18643478 |
| the role of meaning in contextual cueing: evidence from chess expertise. | in contextual cueing, the position of a search target is learned over repeated exposures to a visual display. the strength of this effect varies across stimulus types. for example, real-world scene contexts give rise to larger search benefits than contexts composed of letters or shapes. we investigated whether such differences in learning can be at least partially explained by the degree of semantic meaning associated with a context independently of the nature of the visual information available ... | 2008 | 18609364 |
| a doping sinner is not always a cheat. | 2008 | 18606830 | |
| receptor webs: can the chunking theory tell us more about it? | fundamental concepts shared by several classes of ionotropic and metabotropic cell surface receptors, such as receptor mosaic, cooperation, clustering, propensity to oligomerize, all finding expression in the dynamically structured mosaic membrane, will be revisited here in the light of the "combinatorial receptor web model" and the unifying information-processing mechanism defined as "chunking theory". particularly the ubiquitous and phylogenetically most ancient p2 receptors for extracellular ... | 2008 | 18597852 |
| the effect of susceptibility of gadolinium contrast media on diffusion-weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient. | the development of parallel magnetic resonance imaging has resulted in the frequent use of diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi) in clinical medicine, which usually involves the use of contrast medium. however, gadolinium (gd) contrast medium may have some effect on dwi and the apparent diffusion coefficient (adc). the present study was performed to determine whether the magnetic susceptibility of contrast medium alters the dwi signal and the value of adc in some imaging techniques. | 2008 | 18572122 |
| why good thoughts block better ones: the mechanism of the pernicious einstellung (set) effect. | the einstellung (set) effect occurs when the first idea that comes to mind, triggered by familiar features of a problem, prevents a better solution being found. it has been shown to affect both people facing novel problems and experts within their field of expertise. we show that it works by influencing mechanisms that determine what information is attended to. having found one solution, expert chess players reported that they were looking for a better one. but their eye movements showed that th ... | 2008 | 18565505 |
| a framework for addressing the global obesity epidemic locally: the child health ecological surveillance system (chess). | childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in the developed world. recent research and commentary suggest that an ecological approach is required to address childhood obesity, given the multidimensional nature of the problem. we propose a canadian prototype, the child health ecological surveillance system, for a regional health authority to address the growing obesity epidemic. this prototype could potentially be used in other jurisdictions to address other child health issues. we present 8 g ... | 2008 | 18558045 |
| improvement of vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography of the brain. | to improve vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography (tof-mra) by careful consideration of coil choice, coil position, and frequency offset and profile of the nonspatially selective chemical shift selective (chess) presaturation pulse. | 2008 | 18504756 |
| patient/caregiver influences for declining participation in supportive oncology trials. | enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of patients and caregivers is difficult, and this difficulty significantly impedes investigation of this important research area. we report reasons that patients or their informal caregivers declined to participate in one of two randomized, longitudinal clinical trials testing the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess), a web-based information and support scheme for people with advance ... | 2008 | 18491685 |
| mental imagery and chunks: empirical and computational findings. | to investigate experts' imagery in chess, players were required to recall briefly presented positions in which pieces were placed on the intersections between squares (intersection positions). position types ranged from game positions to positions in which both the piece distribution and the location were randomized. simulations were run with the chrest model (gobet & simon, 2000). the simulations assumed that pieces had to be centered back, one by one, to the middle of the squares in the mind's ... | 2008 | 18491491 |
| fetal-maternal conflict, trophoblast invasion, preeclampsia, and the red queen. | the much publicized conflict hypothesis for understanding fetal-maternal interaction during pregnancy often invokes a 'battle' metaphor, rather than a well orchestrated interplay occurring as a series of well controlled moves and counter-moves as happens in a game of chess. such stepwise interaction is particularly obvious in the spiral artery remodelling process, and it would be interesting to trace the history of the successive steps in histological adaptation throughout primate phylogeny. the ... | 2008 | 18484423 |
| increased efficacy of zinc complexes with picolinic and aspartic acids against herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection when combined with the pavine alkaloid (-)-thalimonine. | complexes of zinc with picolinic and aspartic acids inhibit key steps of hsv-1 replication affecting different virus-specific targets. as was recently demonstrated by us, the pavine alkaloid (-)-thalimonine irreversibly inhibits hsv-1 infection in cultured cells. the aim of the present study was the evaluation of the combined effect of zinc complexes and (-)-thalimonine on uninfected and hsv-1 infected cells. the data obtained have shown that zinc complexes and the alkaloid exert decreased cytot ... | 2000 | 18475954 |
| mapping of abscisic acid responsive genes and vp1 to chromosomes in wheat and lophopyrum elongatum. | the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) affects developmental and physiological processes that can impact crop production. these processes include germination, environmental stress responses in vegetative tissue, embryo maturation, and dormancy. identification and molecular tagging of aba-responsive genes, as well as the vp1 gene, required for aba sensitivity, may be valuable in developing breeding strategies designed for manipulating aba-regulated traits. using aneuploid genetic stocks and alien ... | 1994 | 18470064 |
| mirrors in the head: cultural variation in objective self-awareness. | in a society where there are pronounced concerns for "face," people come to be especially focused on how they are being evaluated by others. we reasoned that japanese should conceive of themselves in terms of how they think they are considered by others. this hypothesis was tested by contrasting japanese and north american participants who were in front of a mirror with those who were not. in two studies, replicating past research, north americans who were in front of a mirror were more self-cri ... | 2008 | 18453391 |
| did mendel cheat? | 2008 | 18444601 | |
| designing for the home: a comparative study of support aids for central heating systems. | the study examined the influence of different types of enhanced system support on user performance during the management of a central heating system. a computer-based simulation of a central heating system, called chess v2.0, was used to model different interface options, providing different support facilities to the user (e.g., historical, predictive, and instructional displays). seventy-five participants took part in the study and completed a series of operational scenarios under different sup ... | 2009 | 18433730 |
| deliberate practice predicts performance over time in adolescent chess players and drop-outs: a linear mixed models analysis. | in this study, the longitudinal relation between deliberate practice and performance in chess was examined using a linear mixed models analysis. the practice activities and performance ratings of young elite chess players, who were either in, or had dropped out of the dutch national chess training, were analysed since they had started playing chess seriously. the results revealed that deliberate practice (i.e. serious chess study alone and serious chess play) strongly contributed to chess perfor ... | 2008 | 18433518 |
| the effects of dynamic movement on seated reach arcs. | the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between movement of the low back and shoulder during a normal seated reach and the reach arc estimation equations found in literature. the method consisted of evaluating individuals who were reaching with their right hands for five chess pawns, which were placed at varying distances. specifically, the pawns were evenly spaced in a straight line directly in front of each participant's shoulder. this study focused on a group of 32 parti ... | 2008 | 18432446 |
| applying user-generated quality criteria to develop an internet intervention for patients with heart disease. | internet interventions can help people to self-manage chronic disease. however, they are only likely to be used if they meet patients' perceived needs. we have developed an internet intervention in two stages to meet the needs of patients with coronary heart disease (chd). first, user-generated criteria were applied to an existing us-based intervention called 'chess living with heart disease' which provides information, emotional and social support, self-assessment and monitoring tools, and beha ... | 2008 | 18430276 |
| staff engagement: it starts with the leader. | * nursing cannot grow stronger unless we can recruit and sustain a cadre of engaged, spirited, and involved leaders. * the body is designed to work most effectively in a series of 90-minute increments with a recovery time in between. * the science of leadership/management can be seen as a game of chess where the pieces can move in all directions all over the board based on the uniqueness of each player. * creating an optimistic culture where people feel they have hope and freedom to grow and mat ... | 2008 | 18429544 |
| the early childhood epilepsy severity scale (e-chess). | we have developed the early childhood epilepsy severity scale (e-chess) to quantify the severity of epilepsy in infants and young children with tuberous sclerosis as an aid to the evaluation of treatment efficacy and the investigation of the influence of epilepsy severity on development. | 2008 | 18387786 |
| novel transcriptome patterns accompany evolutionary restoration of defective social development in the bacterium myxococcus xanthus. | evolutionary trait losses can be restored by direct reversion or by compensatory pathways. upon starvation, the bacterium myxococcus xanthus develops into spore-bearing fruiting bodies, but this ability can be rapidly lost during evolution. some developmentally defective strains of m. xanthus "cheat" on proficient strains during development by superior sporulation in mixed cultures. here, we examine transcriptomic patterns accompanying the evolution of a cheater (obligate cheater [oc]) to a deve ... | 2008 | 18385222 |
| dilemma that cannot be resolved by biased quantum coin flipping. | we show that a biased quantum coin flip (qcf) cannot provide the performance of a black-boxed biased coin flip, if it satisfies some fidelity conditions. although such a qcf satisfies the security conditions of a biased coin flip, it does not realize the ideal functionality and, therefore, does not satisfy the demands for universally composable security. moreover, through a comparison within a small restricted bias range, we show that an arbitrary qcf is distinguishable from a black-boxed coin f ... | 2008 | 18352530 |
| changes in salivary physiological stress markers associated with winning and losing. | using a representative table game popular in japan known as shogi, or japanese chess, we investigated the effects of winning and losing on saliva composition. the subjects were 90 healthy male university students who were members of a shogi club. saliva samples were collected immediately before and after playing shogi, and again 30 min later. salivary cortisol and testosterone levels in the samples were determined by elisa and eia, respectively. after finishing each game, the competitiveness of ... | 2008 | 18344597 |
| genetic royal cheats in leaf-cutting ant societies. | social groups are vulnerable to cheating because the reproductive interests of group members are rarely identical. all cooperative systems are therefore predicted to involve a mix of cooperative and cheating genotypes, with the frequency of the latter being constrained by the suppressive abilities of the former. the most significant potential conflict in social insect colonies is over which individuals become reproductive queens rather than sterile workers. this reproductive division of labor is ... | 2008 | 18339809 |
| season of birth and chess expertise. | the origin of talent and expertise is currently the subject of intense debate, with explanations ranging from purely biological to purely environmental. this report shows that the population of expert chess players in the northern hemisphere shows a seasonal pattern, with an excess of births in late winter and early spring. this effect remains when taking into account the distribution of births in the population at large, using statistics from the european union member countries. a similar patte ... | 2008 | 18335581 |
| structure analysis of the children's eating attitudes test in overweight and at-risk for overweight children and adolescents. | in school-based samples of children, the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) has a four-factor structure; however, previous studies have not examined its factor structure in samples restricted to overweight youth. | 2008 | 18329601 |
| students find out that bacteria can cheat too. | 2008 | 18272998 | |
| facultative cheater mutants reveal the genetic complexity of cooperation in social amoebae. | cooperation is central to many major transitions in evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells, multicellularity and eusociality. cooperation can be destroyed by the spread of cheater mutants that do not cooperate but gain the benefits of cooperation from others. however, cooperation can be preserved if cheaters are facultative, cheating others but cooperating among themselves. several cheater mutants have been studied before, but no study has attempted a genome-scale investigation o ... | 2008 | 18272966 |
| mass effects of quartz resonant sensors with different surface microstructures in liquids. | liquid trapped by the rough surface of a quartz resonator vibrating in thickness-shear mode (tsm) will act as a mass effect to the crystal. it has been proven that this mass effect not only depends on the liquid mass enclosed in the surface cavities, but also the liquid properties and the crystal surface features. based on a series of experiments, this paper introduces "trapping factor" to analyze the mechanism of the liquid mass effect. influences of different surface microstructures, including ... | 1998 | 18244280 |
| left lateralization in autobiographical memory: an fmri study using the expert archival paradigm. | in brain-imaging and behavioral research, studies of autobiographical memory have higher ecological validity than controlled laboratory memory studies. however, they also have less controllability over the variables investigated. this article presents a novel technique - the expert archival paradigm - that increases controllability while maintaining ecological validity. stimuli were created from games played by two international-level chess masters. the two players were asked to perform a memory ... | 2008 | 18205077 |
| radiotherapy of accessible malignant tumors by alternating chess-board method. | 1949 | 18141888 | |
| the study of connective-tissue reaction to radiation; the sieve or chess method. | 1949 | 18140404 | |
| chess as a form of recreational therapy. | 1949 | 18124746 | |
| the influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice. | although the importance of high motivation to engage in deliberate practice has been acknowledged, no research has directly tested this hypothesis. therefore, the present study examined this relation in adolescent elite chess players by means of a questionnaire. in addition, to provide an explanation for dropout among promising chess players, differences in motivation between persistent and dropout chess players were analyzed. competitiveness and the will to excel proved to be predictors of inve ... | 2007 | 18089893 |
| [urodynamic test with self reduction of the cystocele in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction]. | the association of cystocele and urodynamic lower urinary tract obstruction is frequent, occasionally not being possible to rule out intrinsic obstruction of bladder neck and urethra. with the aim to confirm the obstructive character of the cystocele we performed at test consisting in manual reduction of the cystocele by the patient herself, to check if by this simple manoeuvre the urodynamic parameters of obstruction disappear or diminish. | 2007 | 18077862 |
| fat-saturated diffusion-weighted imaging of the rat pelvis using three-dimensional mp-rage mr sequence. | in this work we report on the development of a novel technique for fat-saturated three-dimensional (3d) diffusion-weighted (dw) mri sequence based upon 3d magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3d-mp-rage). in order to saturate fat, two kinds of procedures were competed chess-dw-3d-mp-rage sequence (chess-3d-dwi) and dw-3d-mp-we-rage sequence (we-3d-dwi) "chemical shift selective: chess method vs. water-excitation: we method". the chess-3d-dwi sequence and we-3d-dwi sequence were compared i ... | 2007 | 18002386 |
| staff engagement: it starts with the leader. | nursing cannot grow stronger unless we can recruit and sustain a cadre of engaged, spirited, and involved leaders. the body is designed to work most effectively in a series of 90-minute increments with a recovery time in between. the science of leadership/management can be seen as a game of chess where the pieces can move in all directions all over the board based on the uniqueness of each player. creating an optimistic culture where people feel they have hope and freedom to grow and mature will ... | 2007 | 17990626 |
| brain localization of memory chunks in chessplayers. | chess experts store domain-specific representations in their long-term memory; due to the activation of such representations, they perform with high accuracy in tasks that require the maintenance of previously seen information. chunk-based theories of expertise (chunking theory: chase & simon, 1973; template theory: gobet & simon, 1996) state that expertise is acquired mainly by the acquisition and storage in long-term memory of familiar chunks that allow quick recognition. this study tested som ... | 2007 | 17987468 |
| [factors associated with eating behavior in pre-adolescents]. | the goals of this study are the preliminary spanish adaptation and validation of the following questionnaires: the children's eating attitudes test (cheat), the lawrence self-esteem questionnaire (lawseq) and the body esteem scale (bes). in addition, we studied bodily self-esteem in pre-adolescent children, and their possible relation to certain eating attitudes and general self-esteem. this study is cross-sectional, analytical and observational. the sample was made up of 457 participants, 55.14 ... | 2007 | 17959121 |
| a deliberate practice account of typing proficiency in everyday typists. | the concept of deliberate practice was introduced to explain exceptional performance in domains such as music and chess. we apply deliberate practice theory to intermediate-level performance in typing, an activity that many people pursue on a regular basis. sixty university students with several years typing experience participated in laboratory sessions that involved the assessment of abilities, a semistructured interview on typing experience as well as various typing tasks. in line with tradit ... | 2007 | 17924799 |
| tournament competition fuels computer chess. | the din in the packed arena had hardly subsided to a mild roar, when suddenly the fans exploded once again. "what a move!" screamed one nearby spectator. "how did he ever find a way through that defense?" wondered another, overcome with admiration. | 1979 | 17814188 |
| integrity of scientific data: transparency of clinical trial data. | the integrity of the data from clinical trials and of its use is an essential element of the scientific method, and of the trust one can have in this method. there are many examples of fraud, and they recur regularly. the objective of this round table was to work on the definition of fraud, on its recognition and prevention especially in the institutional system. fraud involves an active decision to cheat, and ranges from trying to hide incompetence to wholesale invention of data, patients or st ... | 2007 | 17803887 |
| chess: the new synchrotron radiation facility at cornell. | a new synchrotron radiation laboratory, chess, will soon be completed at cornell university. the facility will operate in a mode parasitic to high energy physics experiments on the new 8-billion-electron-volt electron-positron storage ring (cesr) at cornell. electron and positron beams have already been stored and the first photons have been extracted. when completed, the laboratory will be available to the scientific community nationally and will provide the most intense tunable source of high ... | 1979 | 17801771 |
| chess-playing computer seized by customs. | 1982 | 17798353 | |
| computer chess: belle sweeps the board. | 1980 | 17796039 | |
| computers as chess partners. | 1970 | 17791836 | |
| checkmate for chess historians. | 1994 | 17787570 | |
| [ethical behavioral standards of medical students on examinations and studies]. | in recent years the medical literature has reflected an increasing interest in the medical ethics of physicians and medical students. studies have shown that cheating in medical school is frequent enough to cause concern, that there is a positive correlation between students' ethical attitude and their ethical behavior and between cheating in school and cheating in patient care. | 2007 | 17760395 |
| erratum. | in the research news article "tournament competition fuels computer chess" (29 june, p. 1396), the figure was reprodeced incorrectly. black has a third pawn on the black square immediately in front of the black king. the figure and its legend are reproduced herewith. one limitation offull-width search methods in computer chess is called the horizon effect. a human easily sees that white, although it has one less pawn, can win the game by advancing its leftmost pawn across the board, whereupon it ... | 1979 | 17747029 |
| water chemistry-based classification of streams and implications for restoring mined appalachian watersheds. | we analyzed seasonal water samples from the cheat and tygart valley river basins, west virginia, usa, in an attempt to classify streams based on water chemistry in this coal-mining region. we also examined temporal variability among water samples. principal component analysis identified two important dimensions of variation in water chemistry. this variation was determined largely by mining-related factors (elevated metals, sulfates, and conductivity) and an alkalinity-hardness gradient. cluster ... | 2007 | 17665675 |
| in vivo mri volumetric measurement of prostate regression and growth in mice. | mouse models for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer are valuable tools, but assessing the extent of growth of the prostate and particularly its regression due to therapeutic intervention or castration is difficult due to the location, small size and interdigitated anatomy of the prostate gland in situ. temporal monitoring of mouse prostate regression requires multiple animals and examination of histological sections. | 2007 | 17650332 |
| the role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development. | the potential role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development was brought into focus by gene expression analyses in mice (p dolle, jc izpisua-belmonte, h falkenstein, a renucci, d duboule, nature 1989, 342:767-772), at a time when limb growth and patterning were thought to depend upon two distinct and rather independent systems of coordinates; one for the anterior-to-posterior axis and the other for the proximal-to-distal axis (see d duboule, p dolle, embo j 1989, 8:1497-1505). over the pas ... | 2007 | 17644373 |
| the making of an expert. | popular lore tells us that genius is born, not made. scientific research, on the other hand, reveals that true expertise is mainly the product of years of intense practice and dedicated coaching. ordinary practice is not enough: to reach elite levels of performance, you need to constantly push yourself beyond your abilities and comfort level. such discipline is the key to becoming an expert in all domains, including management and leadership. those are the conclusions reached by ericsson, a prof ... | 2007 | 17642130 |
| checkers is solved. | the game of checkers has roughly 500 billion billion possible positions (5 x 10(20)). the task of solving the game, determining the final result in a game with no mistakes made by either player, is daunting. since 1989, almost continuously, dozens of computers have been working on solving checkers, applying state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques to the proving process. this paper announces that checkers is now solved: perfect play by both sides leads to a draw. this is the most chal ... | 2007 | 17641166 |
| nonlinear dynamics in combinatorial games: renormalizing chomp. | we develop a new approach to combinatorial games that reveals connections between such games and some of the central ideas of nonlinear dynamics: scaling behaviors, complex dynamics and chaos, universality, and aggregation processes. we take as our model system the combinatorial game chomp, which is one of the simplest in a class of "unsolved" combinatorial games that includes chess, checkers, and go. we discover that the game possesses an underlying geometric structure that "grows" (reminiscent ... | 2007 | 17614671 |
| moral hazard, doctors, and absenteism in france. preliminary analysis based on aggregate data. | this article provides a simple and preliminary study of variations in the number of days of work lost to illness and injury in france, over time and across jurisdictions. we test the hypothesis that workers use their physicians to cheat the system and increase their leisure time paid for by the sickness fund. firstly, using time series analysis, we check that change in the unemployment rate correlates unequivocally and negatively with the absence rate. we then show, based on geographical aggrega ... | 2007 | 17583459 |
| false promises: females spurn cheating males in a field cricket. | females commonly prefer to mate with males that provide greater material benefits, which they often select using correlated male signals. when females select higher-benefit males based on correlated signals, however, males can potentially deceive females by producing exaggerated signals of benefit quality. the handicap mechanism can prevent lower-quality males from producing exaggerated signals, but cannot prevent cheating by higher-quality males that choose to withhold the benefit, and this pos ... | 2007 | 17567551 |
| a multilevel model analysis of expertise in chess across the life span. | the authors examined longitudinal change in chess skill using a multilevel model analysis of a large database of active, elite chess players (n = 5,011). parameters estimated from quadratic growth curves indicated that the age of peak performance occurs later in life than originally proposed and that this peak is independent of initial skill level. the findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that aging is slightly kinder to the initially more able, who show milder decline past their pea ... | 2007 | 17563184 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant clostridium perfringens beta 2-toxin. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. the virulence of c. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta2-toxin is a 28 kda exotoxin produced by c. perfringens. it is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. the recombinant express ... | 2007 | 17554168 |
| the neural network involved in a bimanual tactile-tactile matching discrimination task: a functional imaging study at 3 t. | the cerebral and cerebellar network involved in a bimanual object recognition was studied in blood oxygenation dependent level functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). | 2007 | 17546450 |
| moves management: chess or dancing? | major gift professionals have benefited for many years from using the moves management system to help plan and track the activities of the donor cultivation cycle. but what are the implications of this process if it is "played" like a chess game? only by shifting the focus from "chess moves" which are "all about us" to "dance steps" which are "all about them," can we develop close, meaningful and successful relationships with our donors. | 2007 | 17523496 |
| high relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants. | the control of cheating is important for understanding major transitions in evolution, from the simplest genes to the most complex societies. cooperative systems can be ruined if cheaters that lower group productivity are able to spread. kin-selection theory predicts that high genetic relatedness can limit cheating, because separation of cheaters and cooperators limits opportunities to cheat and promotes selection against low-fitness groups of cheaters. here, we confirm this prediction for the s ... | 2007 | 17496139 |
| what strategic planning can do for you. | whether it's playing chess or planning for retirement, we all have strategies for different situations in our lives. so why not apply, strategies in our practice ? companies such as dell, wal-mart, and home depot have depended on strategic plans to generatel millions of dollars and guide their organizations into the future. although most of our practices are not nearly as large as these companies (except maybe kaiser permanente), formulating strategies for our practice is vital for future growth ... | 2007 | 17494484 |
| smoking cessation via the internet: a randomized clinical trial of an internet intervention as adjuvant treatment in a smoking cessation intervention. | internet interventions for smoking cessation are ubiquitous. yet, to date, there are few randomized clinical trials that gauge their efficacy. this study is a randomized clinical trial (n= 284, n= 140 in the treatment group, n= 144 in the control group) of an internet smoking cessation intervention. smokers were randomly assigned to receive either bupropion plus counseling alone, or bupropion and counseling in addition to 12 weeks of access to the comprehensive health enhancement support system ... | 2006 | 17491172 |
| feedback quality and environmentally friendly use of domestic central heating systems. | the study examined the influence of system-embedded feedback on user behaviour during the environmentally friendly operation of a central heating system. a pc-based simulation, called chess, was developed to model the critical features of a central heating system. after having received 30 min of training on the simulation task, 60 participants worked on a series of operational scenarios under different levels of system feedback. in addition to the collection of various performance measures (e.g. ... | 2007 | 17457742 |
| inflexibility of experts--reality or myth? quantifying the einstellung effect in chess masters. | how does the knowledge of experts affect their behaviour in situations that require unusual methods of dealing? one possibility, loosely originating in research on creativity and skill acquisition, is that an increase in expertise can lead to inflexibility of thought due to automation of procedures. yet another possibility, based on expertise research, is that experts' knowledge leads to flexibility of thought. we tested these two possibilities in a series of experiments using the einstellung (s ... | 2008 | 17418112 |
| a complete database of international chess players and chess performance ratings for varied longitudinal studies. | chess is an oft-used study domain in psychology and artificial intelligence because it is well defined, its performance rating systems allow ea sy identification o f experts and their development, andchess playing is a complex intellectual task however, usable computerized chess data have been very limited. the present article has two aims. the first is to highlight the methodological value of chess data and how researchers can use them to address questions in quite different areas. the second i ... | 2006 | 17393842 |
| determination of pymetrozine residues in cucumber. | an experiment was carried out to investigate the residues of pymetrozin in cucumber under field conditions. plots of cucumber (cv. daminus) were sprayed with pymetrozine (chess, wg50) at two different rates; 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha. samples were collected 2 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after spraying and pymetrozin residues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with uv detector. two hours after spraying, the residues was 0.326 mg/kg for 0.5 kg/ha treatment. the residues decreas ... | 2006 | 17390775 |
| response of fish and macroinvertebrate bioassessment indices to water chemistry in a mined appalachian watershed. | multimetric indices based on fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are commonly used to assess the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. however, their response to specific stressors is rarely known. we quantified the response of a fish-based index (mid-atlantic highlands index of biotic integrity, mah-ibi) and a benthic invertebrate-based index (west virginia stream condition index, wv-sci) to acid mine drainage (amd)-related stressors in 46 stream sites within the cheat river wa ... | 2007 | 17387548 |
| high relatedness selects against hypermutability in bacterial metapopulations. | mutation rate and cooperation have important ecological and evolutionary consequences and, moreover, can affect pathogen virulence. while hypermutability accelerates adaptation to novel environments, hypermutable lineages ('mutators') are selected against in well-adapted populations. using the model organism pseudomonas aeruginosa, we previously demonstrated a further potential disadvantage to hypermutability, namely, that it can accelerate the breakdown of cooperation. we now investigate how th ... | 2007 | 17374597 |
| developmental considerations in measuring children's disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. | this study examined the discriminant ability of the children's version of the eating attitudes test (cheat) clinical cut-off in a low/low-middle socioeconomic status, non-clinical sample of primarily hispanic and non-hispanic white (caucasian) girls aged 8 to 12. we investigated how age, age-standardized body mass index (z-bmi), body dissatisfaction, body esteem, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms contributed to disordered eating status in 152 girls. girls scoring at/above the cheat clinical c ... | 2007 | 17336792 |
| participation rates and the difference in performance of women and men in chess. | the superiority of men over women in chess has been cited as evidence that there are fundamental differences in male and female intelligence (howard, 2005a, 2006; irwing & lynn, 2005). an alternative interpretation of the difference is that it is due to differential male and female participation rates in chess (charness & gerchak, 1996; bilalić & mcleod, 2006; chabris & glickman, in press). this has been dismissed by howard (2006) on the grounds that changes in the difference in skill level betw ... | 2007 | 17331269 |
| success in chess mediated by mental molds. | research has revealed the impact of cognitive-affective strategies (molds of the mind) on subjective well-being, interpersonal relationships, or school achievement. however, it seems odd that such strategies could influence the success of chess players, because this game is usually considered to be influenced mainly by technical and cognitive skills. to examine the influence of cognitive-affective molds, 53 chess players, ages from 9 to 16 years old, enrolled in sport competitions, were assigned ... | 2006 | 17296106 |
| cheating prevention in visual cryptography. | visual cryptography (vc) is a method of encrypting a secret image into shares such that stacking a sufficient number of shares reveals the secret image. shares are usually presented in transparencies. each participant holds a transparency. most of the previous research work on vc focuses on improving two parameters: pixel expansion and contrast. in this paper, we studied the cheating problem in vc and extended vc. we considered the attacks of malicious adversaries who may deviate from the scheme ... | 2007 | 17283763 |
| security of quantum bit string commitment depends on the information measure. | unconditionally secure nonrelativistic bit commitment is known to be impossible in both the classical and the quantum world. however, when committing to a string of n bits at once, how far can we stretch the quantum limits? in this letter, we introduce a framework of quantum schemes where alice commits a string of n bits to bob, in such a way that she can only cheat on a bits and bob can learn at most b bits of information before the reveal phase. our results are twofold: we show by an explicit ... | 2006 | 17280334 |
| reformulation of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat): factor structure and scoring method in a non-clinical population. | the primary aims of this study were to empirically test the factor structure of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and to interpret the factor structure of the cheat within the context of a new scoring method. the cheat was administered to 728 children in the 2nd through 6th grades (from five schools) at two different time points. exactly half the students were male and half were female. to the best of our knowledge, this is the ... | 2006 | 17272950 |
| sex differences in intellectual performance: analysis of a large cohort of competitive chess players. | only 1% of the world's chess grandmasters are women. this underrepresentation is unlikely to be caused by discrimination, because chess ratings objectively reflect competitive results. using data on the ratings of more than 250,000 tournament players over 13 years, we investigated several potential explanations for the male domination of elite chess. we found that (a) the ratings of men are higher on average than those of women, but no more variable; (b) matched boys and girls improve and drop o ... | 2006 | 17201785 |
| the role of domain-specific practice, handedness, and starting age in chess. | the respective roles of the environment and innate talent have been a recurrent question for research into expertise. the authors investigated markers of talent, environment, and critical period for the acquisition of expert performance in chess. argentinian chess players (n = 104), ranging from weak amateurs to grandmasters, completed a questionnaire measuring variables including individual and group practice, starting age, and handedness. the study reaffirms the importance of practice for reac ... | 2007 | 17201516 |
| the effects of time pressure on chess skill: an investigation into fast and slow processes underlying expert performance. | the ability to play chess is generally assumed to depend on two types of processes: slow processes such as search, and fast processes such as pattern recognition. it has been argued that an increase in time pressure during a game selectively hinders the ability to engage in slow processes. here we study the effect of time pressure on expert chess performance in order to test the hypothesis that compared to weak players, strong players depend relatively heavily on fast processes. in the first stu ... | 2007 | 17186308 |
| social and family correlates of eating problems and muscle preoccupation in young adolescents. | this study examined the unique contribution of a number of social and familial factors to body change strategies and eating problems in youths. a sample of non-clinical adolescents aged 10 to 16 years (n=405) completed a modified version of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) and questionnaires for measuring various social and familial factors that may play a role in the etiology of eating problems and muscle preoccupation. regression analyses indicated that specific eating disorder-rel ... | 2007 | 17174855 |
| characteristics, prevalence, attitudes, and perceptions of academic dishonesty among pharmacy students. | to ascertain background factors that influence pharmacy students' willingness to cheat, describe attitudes regarding methods of cheating, assess prevalence of cheating and determine atmospheres that may aid in preventing academic dishonesty. | 2006 | 17136192 |
| estimated age effects in athletic events and chess. | rates of decline are estimated using record bests by age for chess and for various track and field, road running, and swimming events. using a fairly flexible functional form, the estimates show linear percent decline between age 35 and about age 70 and then quadratic decline after that. chess shows much less decline than the physical activities. rates of decline are generally larger for the longer distances, and for swimming they are larger for women than for men. an advantage of using best-per ... | 2008 | 17132563 |
| [in vivo proton mr spectroscopy of normal liver parenchyma: technique and results]. | to analyze the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic data ( (1)h mrs) of normal liver parenchyma with regard to age, sex, body mass index and location in the liver. | 2006 | 17128381 |
| association of depression with body mass index, sedentary behavior, and maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors in 11 to 13-year old children. | we examined the relation of different behavioral dimensions of depression with weight-related variables (bmi percentile, sedentary behavior, eating attitudes, and weight control behaviors) in children aged 11 to 13 years. depression was assessed using the children's depression inventory (cdi). sedentary behavior was measured in 45 sixth grade students (23 boys and 22 girls) using a validated 24-hour recall instrument, the self-administered physical activity checklist. bmi was calculated directly ... | 2006 | 17075232 |
| visuomotor priming of a manual reaching movement during a perceptual decision task. | this paper deals with the mental simulation of manual movement that sometimes accompanies the visual perception of an object. previous studies investigated how visual objects prime the grasping manual movement they afford. the principal purpose of the present experiment was to determine if such visuomotor priming also concerns the reaching manual movement that visual objects afford. during a perceptual decision task, 32 subjects were asked to grasp a proximal or distal switch, as fast and accura ... | 2006 | 17069774 |
| individual differences in chess expertise: a psychometric investigation. | starting from controversies over the role of general individual characteristics (especially intelligence) for the attainment of expert performance levels, a comprehensive psychometric investigation of individual differences in chess expertise is presented. a sample of 90 adult tournament chess players of varying playing strengths (1311-2387 elo) was screened with tests on intelligence and personality variables; in addition, experience in chess play, tournament participation, and practice activit ... | 2007 | 16942740 |
| academic cheating as a function of defense mechanisms and object relations. | this study examined relationships between academic cheating behaviors by using self-reports of past cheating behavior, providing a situational experiment with the opportunity to cheat, and evaluating defense mechanisms and object relations as measured by the defense mechanisms inventory. subjects included 75 female and 8 male university students ranging in age from 18 to 51 years (m=25.5, sd=6.9). analysis showed variations in students' self-reported cheating history relative to their measured o ... | 2006 | 16933657 |
| effects of part-set cuing on experienced and novice chess players' reconstruction of a typical chess midgame position. | a typical midgame chess position was presented to participants for 30 sec. participants then reconstructed the presented position on a second board from memory. following a brief distraction phase, participants were asked to reconstruct the position a second time with 0, 6, or 12 of the original pieces present. it was hypothesized that cue presentation during second reconstruction would be more disruptive to experienced players' recall than to novices'. recall was measured in terms of correct pi ... | 2006 | 16916144 |
| advanced beamline automation for biological crystallography experiments. | an automated crystal-mounting/alignment system has been developed at lawrence berkeley national laboratory and has been installed on three of the protein-crystallography experimental stations at the advanced light source (als); it is currently being implemented at synchrotron crystallography beamlines at chess, nsls and the aps. the benefits to using an automounter system include (i) optimization of the use of synchrotron beam time, (ii) facilitation of advanced data-collection techniques, (iii) ... | 2006 | 16855300 |