Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| gapa and crma coexpression is essential for mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadherence and virulence. | it was previously demonstrated that avirulent mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r(high) (passage 164) is lacking three proteins that are expressed in its virulent progenitor, strain r(low) (passage 15). these proteins were identified as the cytadhesin molecule gapa, the putative cytadhesin-related molecule crma, and a component of a high-affinity transporter system, hata. complementation of r(high) with wild-type gapa restored expression in the transformant (gt5) but did not restore the cytadheren ... | 2002 | 12438360 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens. | recently we have shown that a low (r(low)) and a high laboratory passage (r(high)) of the poultry pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum prototype strain r differ markedly in their capability to invade non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. in the present study the infection traits of these two mycoplasma passages were compared in an in vivo setting. after aerosol inoculation of chickens, m. gallisepticum was re-isolated from the inner organs of birds infected with r(low), whereas no mycoplasma was recover ... | 2002 | 12423769 |
| effects of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on performance and egg characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens. | the effects of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg) inoculation during the pullet period on the subsequent performance and egg characteristics of commercial single combed white leghorn hens were evaluated. in two trials, bw, feed consumption, egg production (ep), egg weight, egg size class, relative eggshell water vapor conductance, and relative percentages of eggshell, yolk and albumen weights were determined through approximately 60 wk of age. in each trial, pullets at 12 wk of age were ran ... | 2002 | 12412912 |
| a modified live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine to protect chickens from respiratory disease. | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine (gt5) for the protection of chickens against infection and respiratory disease. gt5 was constructed by the reconstitution of the avirulent high passage r (r(high)) strain with the gene encoding the major cytadhesin gapa. gt5 expressed gapa on its surface yet retained the phenotypic characteristics of the parental r(high) strain. birds vaccinated with gt5 were protected upon challenge with the vir ... | 2002 | 12399199 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum in environmental samples. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect mycoplasma gallisepticum in samples collected from the environment of experimentally or naturally infected poultry. culture was also used in the experimental infections. of 160 samples of food, drinking water, feathers, droppings or dust collected during experimental infection, 103 were positive using a m. gallisepticum-specific pcr (mg-pcr) and 68 were positive using a pcr (mycoplasma-pcr) that detects all species of the genera mycoplasma, ... | 2002 | 12396361 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| natural cases and an experimental study of h9n2 avian influenza in commercial broiler chickens of iran. | since 1998, an epidemic of avian influenza has occurred in the iranian poultry industry. the agent was pathotyped as non-highly pathogenic and subtyped as an h9n2 avian influenza virus. therefore it did not require eradication. however, frequent incidences of high mortality were observed commonly on broiler farms. no other species of bird were affected. the circulation of the virus and mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens, particularly infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma galli ... | 2002 | 12396348 |
| occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), possibly caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by cryptosporidium sp. infection. | on a farm raising approximately 75,000 japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) for egg production, the diseased quail showed clinical signs of swelling of the head, nasal discharge, increased lacrimation, and decreased egg production. the flock experienced a mortality rate of 5.7% per day. macroscopic observation revealed large, gelatinous masses of caseous exudate in the sinuses, egg peritonitis, and airsacculitis. microscopically, non-purulent or purulent inflammation accompanied by lympho ... | 2002 | 12396337 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in mycoplasma gallisepticum: dna gyrase as primary target of enrofloxacin and impact of mutations in topoisomerases on resistance level. | resistant mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum were selected in vitro by passaging strains 10 times in increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin. the regions of gyra/gyrb and parc/pare, encoding the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) of dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv, respectively, of the mutants obtained during different passages were sequenced. several mutations were found in the four fluoroquinolone targets. substitution of ser-83-->arg in gyra and ser-80-->leu or trp in par ... | 2002 | 12356806 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma antibodies in lesser prairie-chicken sera. | serologic testing by the serum plate agglutination (spa) procedure was performed to detect the presence of cross-reacting antibodies to mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma synoviae, and mycoplasma gallisepticum in lesser prairie-chickens (tympanuchus pallidicinctus) trapped over a 2-yr period in finney and kearny counties of southwestern kansas. sera examined from birds (n = 50) obtained in march-april 2000 tested positive for m meleagridis, m. synoviae, and m. gallisepticum at levels of 6%, 10%, ... | 2002 | 12243537 |
| development and application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for avian respiratory agents. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect 6 avian respiratory pathogens. six sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian influenza virus (aiv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) were used respectively in the test. with the use of agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the pcr-amplified dna produc ... | 2002 | 12243534 |
| poor systemic antibody response after vaccination of commercial broiler breeders with mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine ts-11 not associated with susceptibility to challenge. | a live attenuated mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine, ts-11, has been used for control of m gallisepticum in several countries. the rapid serum agglutination test is usually used as an indicator of flock response to vaccination; however, in some flocks, the detected response may be weak or absent. we investigated whether the low level, or lack, of systemic antibodies in ts-11-vaccinated flocks is correlated with susceptibility to infection after challenge with a virulent m. gallisepticum strain. b ... | 2002 | 12243526 |
| effects of an s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge before beginning of lay on various egg characteristics in commercial layers. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a reproductive/respiratory disease in poultry implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the s6 strain of mg at 10 wk of age. egg production and selected egg and egg quality parameters were quantitated over the entire lay cycle for inoculated and control birds. the s6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, associated egg quality parameters, or ... | 2002 | 12243522 |
| [in vitro resistance acquisition in mycoplasma gallisepticum against ofloxacin, tylosin and spectinomycin]. | to clarify a mechanism of acquired resistance of two mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strains against ofloxacin (oflx) along with tylosin (ts) and spectinomycin (spcm) as the controls, in vitro resistance acquisition test was carried out for 10 subcultures of each strain with increasing the amount of antimicrobials, and maximum growth allowance concentrations (mac) in 10th and primary subcultures were compared. acquisition of resistance in the strains against oflx was moderate and mac of the 10th s ... | 2002 | 12199113 |
| the necessity of combining genomic and enzymatic data to infer metabolic function and pathways in the smallest bacteria: amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in mollicutes. | bacteria of the class mollicutes have no cell wall. one species, mycoplasma genitalium is the personification of the simplest form of independent cell-free life. its small genome (580 kbp) is the smallest of any cell. mollicutes have unique metabolic properties, perhaps because of their limited coding space and high mutability. based on 16s rrna analyses the mollicutes mycoplasma gallisepticum is thought to be the most mutable bacteria. enzyme activities found in most bacteria are absent from mo ... | 2002 | 12133816 |
| in vitro development of resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, tiamulin and oxytetracycline in mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma iowae and mycoplasma synoviae. | the in vitro emergence of resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, tiamulin, and oxytetracycline in three avian mycoplasma species, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma iowae was studied. mutants were selected stepwise and their mics were determined after 10 passages in subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic. high-level resistance to erythromycin and tylosin developed within 2-6 passages in the three mycoplasma species. resistance to enrofloxacin developed m ... | 2002 | 12119137 |
| the effects of 6/85 live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine in commercial layer hens over a 43-week laying cycle on egg production, selected egg quality parameters, and egg size distribution when challenged before beginning of lay. | in each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at 10 wk of age. hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each ... | 2002 | 12061653 |
| detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine ts-11 by an autologous pmga enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a poultry pathogen that causes respiratory disease and loss of egg production worldwide. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for control of m. gallisepticum in several countries. the rapid serum agglutination test is usually used as an indicator of flock response to vaccination; however, in some flocks, the detected response may be weak or absent. with the use of specific monoclonal antibodies against m. gallisepticum strain s6 pmga in immunoaffinity purif ... | 2002 | 12061651 |
| infectious agents associated with respiratory disease in pheasants. | in a case-control study of the infectious agents associated with natural outbreaks of respiratory disease in pheasants, 28 batches of birds from sites affected by disease and eight batches of birds from unaffected sites were examined by six veterinary laboratories in england, wales and scotland, and tested for mycoplasmas, other bacteria and viruses. sinusitis was the commonest sign of disease and was associated with mycoplasma gallisepticum as detected by pcr in the trachea (p < 0.05) and conju ... | 2002 | 12054135 |
| susceptibility of a naïve population of house finches to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | since 1994 an epidemic of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis has spread throughout the eastern house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) population leading to a significant decline in this population. the infection has not yet been reported from house finch populations west of the great plains. we hypothesized that the western population, like the eastern population, is susceptible to infection, and we tested this hypothesis by experimentally infecting house finches from missoula, montana (usa) with the house ... | 2002 | 12038126 |
| pathogenesis of avian pneumovirus infection in turkeys. | avian pneumovirus (apv) is the cause of a respiratory disease of turkeys characterized by coughing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swelling of the infraorbital sinuses. sixty turkey poults were reared in isolation conditions. at 3 weeks of age, serum samples were collected and determined to be free of antibodies against apv, avian influenza, hemorrhagic enteritis, newcastle disease, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma meleagridis, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and borde ... | 2002 | 12014494 |
| construction of mini-tn4001tet and its use in mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the mollicutes are a group of cell-wall-less bacteria and are important plant and animal pathogens. progress toward analyzing their pathogenic mechanisms has been hampered by the few available genetic tools. of the two transposons shown to function in mycoplasmas, only tn4001 is readily amenable to modification and development. one disadvantage of using tn4001 in mycoplasmas has been independent insertion of the insertion sequence, is256, probably as a result of inadequate control of the transpo ... | 2002 | 11982334 |
| emerging infectious diseases in wildlife. | the processes which give rise to emerging infectious diseases of wildlife can be categorised as follows: ecosystem alterations of anthropogenic or natural origin; movement of pathogens or vectors, via human or natural agency; and changes in microbes or in the recognition of emerging pathogens due to advances in the techniques of epidemiology. these are simplistic divisions because factors influencing the emergence of diseases of wild animals generally fall into more than one category. mycoplasmo ... | 2002 | 11974625 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum rpoa gene cluster. | two conservative gene clusters, the s10 ribosomal protein region and one (of the two) set of rrna genes, were split in a genome crossover rearrangement event in mycoplasma gallisepticum. as a result of the rearrangement the major part of the s10 ribosomal protein cluster is located upstream of genes for 23s-5s rrna (rrn23-5), but the genes infa-rpl36-rps13-rpoa-rpl17 are located immediately downstream of the isolated gene for 16s rrna (rrn16). a new ribosomal protein cluster infa-rpl36-rps13-rpo ... | 2002 | 11959450 |
| field evaluation of tylosin premix in layers previously vaccinated with a live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection results in numerous clinical signs including a reduction in egg production in laying chickens. attempts to prevent mycoplasmosis have included vaccination with both killed and attenuated live m. gallisepticum strains. live vaccines provide reduction in clinical signs and have been shown to replace indigenous strains when used in a consistent program for several placements. antibiotic therapy is another option for controlling losses associated with mycoplasmosis ... | 2002 | 11922337 |
| domain-level differences in microsatellite distribution and content result from different relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations. | microsatellites (short tandem polynucleotide repeats) are found throughout eukaryotic genomes at frequencies many orders of magnitude higher than the frequencies predicted to occur by chance. most of these microsatellites appear to have evolved in a generally neutral manner. in contrast, microsatellites are generally absent from bacterial genomes except in locations where they provide adaptive functional variability, and these appear to have evolved under selection. we demonstrate a mutational b ... | 2002 | 11875028 |
| trinucleotide gaa repeats dictate pmga gene expression in mycoplasma gallisepticum by affecting spacing between flanking regions. | the pmga genes of the avian respiratory pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum encode a family of hemagglutinins that are subject to phase variation. a trinucleotide gaa repeat region is located upstream of the pmga transcription start site. the length of the repeat region varies at a high frequency due to changes in the number of repeat units. previous studies have shown that pmga genes are transcribed when 12 gaa repeats are present but are not transcribed when the number of repeats is not 12. to f ... | 2002 | 11844762 |
| biochemical and antigenic characterisation of mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins p52 and p67 (pmga). | two membrane proteins from the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum have been previously purified using a simple, efficient and non-denaturing method: a lipoprotein p67 (pmga) and p52. in the current study, the lipid part of p67 was chemically analysed. the molecular structure of the lipoprotein-lipid component was determined to be s-glyceryl cysteine with two o-ester-linked acyl chains. fatty acid analysis of the purified p67 indicated a heterogeneous composition: palmitic acid (16:0)>steari ... | 2001 | 11797048 |
| characterization of mutations in dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv involved in quinolone resistance of mycoplasma gallisepticum mutants obtained in vitro. | mycoplasma gallisepticum enrofloxacin-resistant mutants were generated by stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin. alterations were found in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the four target genes encoding dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv from these mutants. this is the first description of such mutations in an animal mycoplasma species. | 2002 | 11796386 |
| molecular differentiation of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma imitans strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic dna. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis were used to compare 21 mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and five m. imitans strains. each strain of m. gallisepticum typed by pfge and rapd methods was genetically quite unique and rapd and pfge fingerprinting enabled strain characterization. relationships between the m. gallisepticum and m. imitans strains were established and dendrograms were drawn from pfge and rapd patterns. pfge group a and rapd gr ... | 2001 | 11765805 |
| mycoplasmosis in evening and pine grosbeaks with conjunctivitis in quebec. | an outbreak of conjunctivitis affected evening grosbeaks (coccothraustes vespertinus) and pine grosbeaks (pinicola enucleator) in quebec (canada) during the winter 1998-99. one to 30% of the individuals from these two species were sick at 13 feeding stations. sick birds were thin and had unilateral or bilateral catarrhal and lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, and mucopurulent infra-orbital sinusitis. mycoplasmal organisms were isolated in cultures in an affected evening grosbeak and ... | 2001 | 11763749 |
| the macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in the supernatants of mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chicken leukocytes attracts the migration of chicken heterophils and lymphocytes. | chicken monocytes, macrophages, heterophils and thrombocytes were infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum, and their supernatants were collected and tested for the presence of chemotactic activities. the supernatants from mg-infected monocytes and macrophages were able to attract the migration of both heterophils and lymphocytes. the chemotactic activity in these supernatants could be abolished by antibodies prepared against the 10 amino acid peptides of the macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)- ... | 2002 | 11687266 |
| cases of swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in greece. | from 50 commercial broiler flocks included in a study concerning respiratory disease, signs of swollen head syndrome (shs) were shown in eight. postmortem examination was performed in eight birds showing signs of shs from each flock. the trachea and head from each bird were collected for laboratory investigation. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for the detection of viral and avian mycoplasma antigens in the trachea, and bacteriologic examinations were performed from the inf ... | 2001 | 11569754 |
| monitoring mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae infection in breeder chickens after treatment with enrofloxacin. | three experimental strains of breeder chickens were accidentally exposed to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms), presumably from a newly introduced group of leghorn-type pullets. the experimental strains subsequently became infected and were diagnosed positive for mg and ms by the serum plate agglutination (spa) test and confirmed by the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of tracheal swabs. treatment with 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin via ... | 2001 | 11417841 |
| in vitro susceptibility of avian mycoplasmas to enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, tylosin, and oxytetracycline. | in vitro susceptibility of avian mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) to enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, tylosin, and oxytetracycline was determined by a serial broth dilution method. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was recognized by a conversion of the ph indicator phenol red in culture media to a yellow color. each isolate or type strain of mycoplasma was tested in two replicates. the mics of tylosin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and oxytetracycline against five iso ... | 2001 | 11417828 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and other wild birds associated with poultry production facilities. | since 1994, an epidemic of conjunctivitis caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) has spread throughout the eastern population of house finches (carpodacus mexicanus). the adaptation of mg to a free-flying avian species presents potential problems for the control of mycoplasmosis in commercial poultry. to evaluate risks associated with this emerging problem, a field survey was conducted to assess prevalence of mg infection in house finches and other passerine birds associated with poultry farms. ... | 2001 | 11417811 |
| gene re-arrangement and fusion in mycoplasma gallisepticum thya-nrdfei locus. | sequencing of mycoplasma gallisepticum genome fragment containing thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase gene clusters reveals both its unusual organization and gene content. sequence analysis indicates the presence of a gene whose product can be considered as a fusion of two full size proteins: the n-terminal part shows significant similarity to mycoplasmal dihydrofolate reductases, while the c-terminal part of the polypeptide chain shows significant similarity to eukaryotic deoxycyt ... | 2001 | 11410345 |
| characterization of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in captive house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in 1998. | since 1995, the epidemic of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in eastern house finches has affected the auburn, al, house finch population. to better characterize the current status of this host-parasite interaction, we established a captive flock of 38 seronegative, healthy finches in fall 1998. after a minimum quarantine period of 4 wk, two mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-infected house finches were introduced into this flock. over a 12-wk period, the flock was captured every 2 wk and each bird was obs ... | 2001 | 11332501 |
| molecular variability of the adhesin-encoding gene pvpa among mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and its application in diagnosis. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is an important pathogen of chickens and turkeys that causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. the reemergence of m. gallisepticum outbreaks among poultry, the increased use of live m. gallisepticum vaccines, and the detection of m. gallisepticum in game and free-flying song birds has strengthened the need for molecular diagnostic and strain differentiation tests. molecular techniques, including restriction fragment length polymorphism of ge ... | 2001 | 11326008 |
| diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis in house finches associated with mycoplasmosis in minnesota. | an ongoing outbreak of mycoplasma gallisepticum-associated conjunctivitis in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) that began in 1994 in the eastern united states has been spreading westward. house finches presenting with the clinical signs of m. gallisepticum-associated conjunctivitis were first seen at the wildlife rehabilitation center of minnesota (minnesota, usa) in july of 1996, and 42 cases were admitted from 26 december 1996 to 10 august 1997. a nested pcr was designed for sensitive and s ... | 2001 | 11310874 |
| characterization of the mycoplasmal conjunctivitis epizootic in a house finch population in the southeastern usa. | an epidemiological study of the prevalence of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in the house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) was conducted in auburn (alabama, usa) between march 1998 and february 1999. clinical disease was observed in 4% of the 1,214 finches trapped and examined. this rate is comparable to the average annual prevalence observed in this population since 1996, although the prevalence of clinical disease observed in the peak months of september through november was lower than in previous yea ... | 2001 | 11272508 |
| host range and dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among birds in north america. | an epidemic of conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterial infections was first described in 1994. the disease exhibits high primary host specificity, but has been isolated from a limited number of secondary avian hosts at various times and locations. we used records from the house finch disease survey, a continent-wide, volunteer monitoring project, to document the host range of conjunctivitis in birds at feeding stations and to in ... | 2001 | 11272507 |
| serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens. | serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ... | 2000 | 11195659 |
| health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas. | the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ... | 2000 | 11195653 |
| maintenance of a captive flock of house finches free of infection by mycoplasma gallisepticum. | since the beginning of an epidemic of conjunctivitis in wild house finches caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), all captive colonies established by capturing free-ranging house finches from the eastern population have also either been infected at the time of capture or developed infection shortly after capture. in an attempt to avoid this infection in captive flocks being maintained for studies of the finches' behavior and ecology, we compared two different flock management strategies and we ... | 2000 | 11195652 |
| infection and immunity in broiler chicken breeders vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mycoplasma gallisepticum and impact on performance of offspring. | a comparison of infection and immunity to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in broiler chicken breeders vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mg versus nonvaccinated chickens, and the impact on the performance of their offspring was conducted. infection and immunity in breeders were assessed by culture and enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. however, performance in their offspring was assessed by studying mg infection in embryos, occurrence of infection titers to mg in relation to m ... | 2000 | 11194034 |
| serological monitoring on layer farms with specific pathogen-free chickens. | to monitor the existence of avian pathogens in laying chicken flocks, specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were introduced into two layer farms and reared with laying hens for 12 months. spf chickens were bled several times after their introduction and examined for their sero-conversion to avian pathogens. as a result, antibodies to eight or ten kinds of pathogens were detected in spf chickens on each farm. antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian nephritis virus, mycoplasma galli ... | 2000 | 11193353 |
| analysis of cytadherence-deficient, gapa-negative mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r. | comparison of the phenotypic expression of mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r low (passage 15) to that of strain r high (passage 164) revealed that three proteins, i.e., the cytadhesin molecule gapa, a 116-kda protein (p116), and a 45-kda protein (p45), are missing in strain r high. sequence analysis confirmed that the insertion of an adenine 105 bp downstream of the gapa translational start codon resulted in premature termination of translation in r high. a second adenine insertion had also occu ... | 2000 | 11083776 |
| the effects of ts-11 strain mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination in commercial layers on egg production and selected egg quality parameters. | live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccines have been usda approved and licensed for use in commercial layer chickens since 1988; however, egg production and egg quality data exist only for the f strain of mg. information pertinent to the effects of ts-11 mg on egg and eggshell quality parameters, as well as egg size distribution, is lacking. in this study, pullets were inoculated at 10 wk of age with ts-11 strain mg and placed in biological isolation units at 10 birds/unit. hen-day egg producti ... | 2000 | 11007009 |
| morphologic observations on respiratory tracts of chickens after hatchery infectious bronchitis vaccination and formaldehyde fumigation. | the histologic changes in the respiratory tracts of chickens were evaluated after hatchery fumigation with 40% formaldehyde vapors and vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus with live attenuated vaccine (massachusetts serotype). one-day-old chickens were housed in four isolation units in controlled environmental conditions, fed and watered ad libitum, and separated into four groups: 1) fumigated and vaccinated birds (fv group); 2) nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (nfv group); 3) fumiga ... | 2000 | 11006997 |
| pmga phenotypic variation in mycoplasma gallisepticum occurs in vivo and is mediated by trinucleotide repeat length variation. | chickens were infected with a pathogenic strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the expression of pmga, the major surface protein, was inferred by examination of colonies from ex vivo cells. within 2 days postinfection, 40% of cells had ceased the expression of the original pmga surface protein (pmga1.1), and by day 6, the majority of recovered cells were in this category. the switch in pmga phenotype which had occurred in vivo was reversible, since most colonies produced from ex vivo progenito ... | 2000 | 10992515 |
| transposon mutagenesis of mycoplasma gallisepticum by conjugation with enterococcus faecalis and determination of insertion site by direct genomic sequencing. | few genetic systems for studying mycoplasmas exist, but transposon tn916 has been shown to transpose into the genomes of some species and can be used as an insertional mutagen. in the current study, the ability of enterococcus faecalis to serve as a donor for the conjugative transfer of transposon tn916 into the genome of the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum strain pg31 was examined. transconjugants were obtained at a frequency of > or =6 x 10(-8) per recipient cfu. to determine the trans ... | 2000 | 10964629 |
| guidelines and recommendations for antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) testing against veterinary mycoplasma species. international research programme on comparative mycoplasmology. | the absence of standardised procedures for minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) testing of antimicrobial agents against veterinary mycoplasma and ureaplasma species (mollicutes) has made it difficult to compare results originating from different laboratories. this report, prepared on behalf of the international research programme on comparative mycoplasmology (irpcm), offers guidelines and recommendations for veterinary mic testing of these organisms in an effort to rectify this problem. the s ... | 2000 | 10958240 |
| avian mycoplasmosis (mycoplasma gallisepticum). | mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most economically significant mycoplasma pathogen of poultry, and has a world-wide distribution. in common with other mycoplasmas, m. gallisepticum is minute in size with minimal genetic information and with a total lack of a bacterial cell wall. these properties are reflected in a high degree of interdependence between m. gallisepticum and the host animal, and in the fastidious nature of the organism in vitro. strains of m. gallisepticum differ markedly with resp ... | 2000 | 10935272 |
| phenotypic variation of mycoplasma iowae surface antigen. | the diseases caused by mycoplasmas are generally chronic and persistent and apparently occur notwithstanding a host immune response. the ability to evade the host immune response is facilitated by phenotypic variation in the mycoplasma surface components. the avian mycoplasmas mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae have both been previously described to be able to switch their surface antigens, and recent evidence indicates that m. gallisepticum could switch surface antigens under natu ... | 2000 | 10879924 |
| immunohistochemical detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens in turkey respiratory tissues. | an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase diagnostic test was developed to facilitate rapid identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum in respiratory tissues of turkeys. this procedure used polyclonal primary antibodies produced in rabbits. turkeys were inoculated into the infraorbital sinus and trachea with the r strain of m. gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma meleagridis, or frey's media. the outer walls of the infraorbital sinuses, lungs, and tracheas were collected and fixed in either 10 ... | 2000 | 10879921 |
| [determination and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of a segment of a mycoplasma gallisepticum strain a5969 chromosome, containing operons s10 and rrn23-5]. | 2000 | 10867916 | |
| in vitro cell invasion of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the ability of the widespread avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum to invade cultured human epithelial cells (hela-229) and chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) was investigated by using the gentamicin invasion assay and a double immunofluorescence microscopic technique for accurate localization of cell-associated mycoplasmas. the presence of intracellular mycoplasmas in both cell lines was clearly demonstrated, with organisms entering the eukaryotic cells within 20 min. internalized mycoplasmas ... | 2000 | 10858241 |
| molecular characterization of the mycoplasma gallisepticum pvpa gene which encodes a putative variable cytadhesin protein. | a putative cytadhesin-related protein (pvpa) undergoing variation in its expression was identified in the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum. the pvpa gene was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and sequenced. it exhibits 54 and 52% homology with the p30 and p32 cytadhesin proteins of the human pathogens mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. in addition, 50% homology was found with the mgc2 cytadhesin of m. gallisepticum and 49% homology was found with a stretch ... | 2000 | 10858209 |
| lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | a prominent feature of disease induced by mycoplasma gallisepticum is a lymphoproliferative response in the respiratory tract. although this is also seen in other mycoplasma infections, including mycoplasma pneumoniae, the phenotype of the lymphocytes infiltrating the respiratory tract has not been determined. in this study, the numbers and distribution of lymphocytes in the tracheas of chickens infected with a virulent strain of m. gallisepticum were examined. three groups of chickens were expe ... | 2000 | 10832650 |
| identification and expression of a mycoplasma gallisepticum surface antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody capable of inhibiting both growth and metabolism. | in order to identify antigenic proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against virulent m. gallisepticum r strain were produced in mice. mab 35a6 was selected for its abilities to inhibit both growth and metabolism of m. gallisepticum in vitro. the mab recognized a membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kda. the corresponding gene, designated the mgc3 gene, was cloned from an m. gallisepticum genomic dna expression library and sequenced. the mgc3 gene ... | 2000 | 10816462 |
| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in songbirds from new york. | a field study was conducted to determine the prevalence of conjunctivitis and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infections in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and other songbirds common to bird feeders in tompkins county (new york, usa). eight hundred two individuals of 23 species and nine families of birds were captured and given physical examinations during the 14 mo study beginning in february 1998. clinical conjunctivitis (eyelid or conjunctival swelling, erythema, and discharge) was observe ... | 2000 | 10813607 |
| density-dependent decline of host abundance resulting from a new infectious disease. | although many new diseases have emerged within the past 2 decades [cohen, m. l. (1998) brit. med. bull. 54, 523-532], attributing low numbers of animal hosts to the existence of even a new pathogen is problematic. this is because very rarely does one have data on host abundance before and after the epizootic as well as detailed descriptions of pathogen prevalence [dobson, a. p. & hudson, p. j. (1985) in ecology of infectious diseases in natural populations, eds. grenfell, b. t. & dobson, a. p. ( ... | 2000 | 10792031 |
| use of an alkaline phosphatase-labelled probe for the detection of mycoplasma synoviae in chickens. | short nucleotides directly labelled to alkaline phosphatase (snap probes) are an interesting alternative to digoxigenin-labelled probes (dig probes), because they reduce the number of steps necessary in dot blots for the detection of dna or amplificate. this study examined the questions whether a snap probe might not only save time, but also increase the sensitivity of another pcr-based dna probe test using a digoxigenin probe. amplificates obtained by multispecies polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 2000 | 10780170 |
| a novel mechanism for control of antigenic variation in the haemagglutinin gene family of mycoplasma synoviae. | high-frequency phase and antigenic variation of homologous lipoprotein haemagglutinins has been seen in both the major avian mycoplasma pathogens, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum. the expression and, hence, antigenic variation of the pmga gene family (encoding these lipoproteins in m. gallisepticum) is controlled by variation in the length of a trinucleotide repeat motif 5' to the promoter of each gene. however, such a mechanism was not detected in preliminary observations on m. ... | 2000 | 10692167 |
| detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae antibodies in the sera of indigenous chickens by rapid serum agglutination test at mmopane, gaborone, botswana. | the mean flock size was ten chickens per rural farmer. antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were detected in 57.88% and 67.33% of the chicken sera respectively. | 1999 | 10689706 |
| sequence polymorphisms within the pmga genes and pmga antigenic variants in mycoplasma gallisepticum. | antigenic variants of mycoplasma gallisepticum major surface lipoprotein, pmga, are encoded by a large gene family. in this study sequence analyses of the pcr-amplified pmga genes showed two types of sequences similar to the pmga1.2 gene in m. gallisepticum strains. they differed in the sequence encoding a proline-rich region (prr) at the n-terminus of the pmga protein. the type a genes had sequences similar to the published pmga1.2 gene sequence of strain s6, whereas the type b genes lacked the ... | 2000 | 10689179 |
| antibodies to selected disease agents in translocated wild turkeys in california. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) trapped within california (n = 715) or imported into california from other states (n = 381) from 1986 to 1996 were tested for exposure to certain disease agents. prevalence of antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus was low (0-4%) for wild turkeys trapped within california. with the exception of antibody prevalence to m. meleagridis of 33%, the ... | 2000 | 10682760 |
| gaa trinucleotide repeat region regulates m9/pmga gene expression in mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, the cause of chronic respiratory infections in the avian host, possesses a family of m9/pmga genes encoding an adhesin(s) associated with hemagglutination. nucleotide sequences of m9/pmga gene family members indicate extensive sequence similarity in the promoter regions of both the transcribed and silent genes. the mechanism that regulates m9/pmga gene expression is unknown, but studies have revealed an apparent correlation between gene expression and the number of tand ... | 2000 | 10639457 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum -induced release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta from chicken monocytes-macrophages. | chicken monocytes and a macrophage-like cell line were used to determine the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (mip-1 beta). rna was extracted from these cells and subjected to reverse transcription with an anti-sense primer specific for the whole length of the mip-1 beta cdna. after a polymerase chain reaction to amplify the cdna, a 200 bp gene product was detected, which corresponded to the molecular weight of the mip-1 beta. the culture supernate of these cells did not have t ... | 2000 | 10627389 |
| pathogenic effects on domestic poultry of a mycoplasma gallisepticum strain isolated from a wild house finch. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) has been isolated from wild house finches. the pathogenic effects of mg finch strain (k4058) and mg r-strain were compared after exposure of chickens and turkeys. gross and histologic lesions, reisolation of the organism, serology, and clinical disease were evaluated. milder histologic and gross lesions, in addition to lower serologic titers, occurred in birds inoculated with the finch strain. mortality, concurrent with clinical and gross respiratory signs and lesio ... | 1999 | 10611979 |
| field investigation of mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) eggs and nestlings. | we conducted a field study to investigate the occurrence of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in eggs and nestlings from nests of house finches (carpodacus mexicanus). forty-three nests were located between the months of april and august 1998 and were followed with one to three sampling efforts. vitelline membrane of fresh eggs, whole embryos, or swabs from the choanal cleft or conjunctiva of nestlings were inoculated into mycoplasma broth for mg isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing ... | 1999 | 10494429 |
| survey of pathogens and blood parasites in free-living passerines. | to determine the disease prevalence of free-living passerines, 1709 passerines were sampled from 38 different field sites in ohio. choanal and cloacal swabs were collected from each bird and cultured for the presence of pasteurella multocida, salmonella spp., and escherichia coli by standard microbiologic techniques. in addition, the serum from each bird was analyzed for the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza viru ... | 1999 | 10494426 |
| the comparison of an aqueous preparation of tilmicosin with tylosin in the treatment of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of turkey poults. | a virulent strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used to infect groups of 40 2-day-old poults kept in separate pens of 10 each. of the six groups, three were treated with separate concentrations of tilmicosin, one was treated with tylosin, one remained untreated, and a final group was not infected and not treated. mortality, clinical signs, and gross lesions were significantly less (p < 0.001) in the uninfected and infected medicated groups than in the infected unmedicated group. also, the ... | 1999 | 10494422 |
| effects of age at inoculation and induced molt on the recovery of mycoplasma gallisepticum from layer chickens. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of age at inoculation and induced molt on the reisolation of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) from commercial leghorn hens that had been eyedrop-inoculated with f strain mg at either 10 or 66 wk of age. chickens were maintained in biological isolation units from 10 wk of age through 78 wk of age. at 70 wk of age (premolt), hens were swabbed, cultured for mg, and molted. swabs were taken both at the end of molt (postmolt [74 wk]) and again 4 wk la ... | 1999 | 10494421 |
| a gene family in mycoplasma imitans closely related to the pmga family of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum possesses a large gene family encoding lipoproteins which function as haemagglutinins. representative species of the pneumoniae phylogenetic group of mycoplasmas were examined for the presence of genes homologous to members of this multigene family. antisera against the pmga1.1 lipoprotein recognized a 35 kda protein in mycoplasma imitans, but did not recognize proteins of mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma pirum, mycoplasma penet ... | 1999 | 10463176 |
| mycoplasma synoviae surface protein mspb as a recombinant antigen in an indirect elisa. | mycoplasma synoviae is a poultry pathogen causing respiratory disease and synovitis. a number of serological assays have been developed for diagnosis of m. synoviae infection; however, they lack sensitivity and/or are prone to false-positive reactions. using a combination of pcr and expression cloning, four overlapping regions (regions 1-4) of the surface antigen mspb of m. synoviae wvu-1853 were expressed in a bacterial expression system. immunostaining of the resultant polypeptides with chicke ... | 1999 | 10463175 |
| the effects of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and the dual infection in commercial layer hens over a 44-week laying cycle when challenged before beginning of lay. ii. egg size distribution. | in each of two trials, 160 commercial pullets were separated into four treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation; 40 pullets received f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg); an additional 40 pullets received mycoplasma synoviae (ms); and the final 40 pullets were inoculated with both fmg and ms (dual). all inoculations occurred at 10 wk of age. eggs from all treatments were collected daily, monday-thur ... | 1999 | 10396648 |
| the characterization of mycoplasma synoviae ef-tu protein and proteins involved in hemadherence and their n-terminal amino acid sequences. | an abundant cytoplasmic 43-kda protein from mycoplasma synoviae, a major pathogen from poultry, was identified as elongation factor tu. the n-terminal amino acid sequence (akldfdrskehvnvgtighv) has 90% identity with the sequence of the mycoplasma hominis elongation factor tu protein. monoclonal antibodies reacting with the m. synoviae elongation factor tu protein also reacted with 43-kda proteins from the avian mycoplasma species mycoplasma gallinarum, mycoplasma gallinaceum, mycoplasma pullorum ... | 1999 | 10220885 |
| complementary randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis patterns and primer sets to differentiate mycoplasma gallisepticum strains. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was used to differentiate 7 strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum. six commercially available primers or primer combinations were screened for their ability to differentiate vaccine and type strains. although major and minor bands were produced with each primer, many of the primers were unsuitable for strain differentiation. the use of primer 6 and combined primers 3 and 4 resulted in complementary rapd banding patterns for each m. gallisepticum s ... | 1999 | 10098688 |
| in vitro and in vivo comparisons of valnemulin, tiamulin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) for valnemulin, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin were determined for a virulent strain of mycoplasma gallispeticum (mg). at the initial reading, the lowest mics were seen with valnemulin and tiamulin, followed by tylosin, enrofloxacin, and a relatively high mic for lincomycin/spectinomycin. at the final reading, at 14 days, a similar pattern was obtained, with valnemulin giving the lowest mic (< 0.008 mg/ml). the same stra ... | 1998 | 9876842 |
| safety of a temperature-sensitive clone of mycoplasma synoviae as a live vaccine. | a temperature-sensitive (ts+) clone derived from the australian mycoplasma synoviae (ms) field isolate 86079/7ns was produced by chemical mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and assessed for safety as a live vaccine. this clone, designated ms-h, was assessed for pathogenicity in three different models with air sac lesions as the criterion. no air sac lesions were observed when ms-h was administered to specific-pathogen-free hybrid white leghorn (hwl) chickens by eyedrop at 10 t ... | 1998 | 9876835 |
| molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kda mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin (gapa). | the identification of a gene (gapa) from mycoplasma gallisepticum with homology to the p1 cytadherence gene of mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. the gapa gene is a 2895 bp orf encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 105 kda. nucleotide sequence analysis of the gapa gene revealed 45% homology to the m. pneumoniae p1 gene, 46% homology to the mycoplasma genitalium mgpa gene and 47% homology to the mycoplasma pirum p1-like protein gene. it has a 64 mol % a+t content compared to 46, 60 and 72 m ... | 1998 | 9846732 |
| expression of the pmga genes of mycoplasma gallisepticum is controlled by variation in the gaa trinucleotide repeat lengths within the 5' noncoding regions. | we analyzed the segment of dna which contains the expressed pmga gene from one strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in normal (strain s6) cells and in cells in which pmga1.1 gene expression had ceased as a consequence of in vitro culture in the presence of pmga1. 1-specific antibodies. sequence analysis of isolates lacking pmga1.1 expression revealed that this gene, which is typically expressed, exhibited sequence changes within a region 5' to its promoter. specifically, pmga1.1(+) cells contained ... | 1998 | 9826362 |
| a protein (m9) associated with monoclonal antibody-mediated agglutination of mycoplasma gallisepticum is a member of the pmga family. | a 62-kda cell surface antigen (m9) of mycoplasma gallisepticum pg31 that mediates antibody-induced agglutination of the organism was purified and subjected to n-terminal amino-acid sequencing. a 999-bp region of the cdna encoding the m9 protein was generated by reverse transcription-pcr, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. pcr primers based on this sequence were used to screen a genomic dna library of pg31. a full-length m9 protein-encoding gene was isolated and sequenced, revealing 96% ... | 1998 | 9784576 |
| susceptibility of avian mycoplasmas isolated in taiwan to 21 antimicrobial agents. | twenty-one antimicrobial agents were incorporated individually into frey's agar to evaluate their inhibitory activities against 86 isolates of avian mycoplasmas recently detected in taiwan. among them, 45 and 37 isolates were found positive with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae fluorescent antibody conjugate, respectively. twenty-one other isolates were unable to be identified by the above 2 conjugates. all of the field isolates were highly sensitive (with mic50 < 1 microgram/ml) ... | 1994 | 9747335 |
| the subunit b of the f0f1-type atpase of the bacterium mycoplasma pneumoniae is a lipoprotein. | the dna sequence analysis of the f0f1-atpase operon of the bacterium mycoplasma pneumoniae predicted that the subunit b, encoded by the gene atpf, is a lipoprotein of the murein lipoprotein type of escherichia coli. here we experimentally verify this prediction by metabolic labeling of subunit b with [14c]palmitic acid and by in vivo interfering with the processing of the prolipoprotein form of subunit b by the antibiotic globomycin, a specific inhibitor of the signal peptidase ii. our results s ... | 1998 | 9733782 |
| mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease. | the avian mycoplasmas pathogenic for commercial poultry, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in chickens and turkeys, and mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae in turkeys are egg-transmitted infections and exhibit wide variations in clinical manifestations. mycoplasma gallisepticum strains vary widely in virulence, tissue tropism, and antigenic makeup and have the ability to alter the expression of major surface antigenic proteins. although less well studied, strains of m. syn ... | 1998 | 9706080 |
| identification and characterization of hu protein from mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a hypothetical orf of mycoplasma gallisepticum with a putative 99-amino-acid product (orf99) was noted previously in the upstream region from the type ii topoisomerase gene. the amino acid sequence shows weak homology with the escherichia coli histone-like protein hu. to identify and characterize the protein product of orf99, we prepared mouse antiserum against recombinant gst-orf99 fusion protein. the antiserum reacted with an 11-kda peptide in the crude cell extract of m. gallisepticum, indica ... | 1998 | 9705829 |
| efficacy of difloxacin in growing broiler chickens for the control of infection due to pathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum. | chickens 14 days old were experimentally inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) r-p10 strain. after development of respiratory symptoms, birds were left unmedicated or medicated for 5 consecutive days with difloxacin 5, 7.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight per day or enrofloxacin at the dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight per day. evaluation of efficacy was based on body weight, symptoms, post-mortem findings, re-isolation of mg and serology. results indicated that under the conditions of this expe ... | 1998 | 9673582 |
| comparison of serological tests for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies in eggs and chicks hatched from experimentally infected hens. | specific pathogen free hens and males were experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. eggs were then collected, and a part was incubated and set for hatching. mycoplasma cultures were performed on infected adults and antibodies to mg were analysed by use of slide agglutination (sa) test and commercial elisa tests on adults and chicks sera and on yolks from non incubated eggs. both elisa tests could detect antibodies in yolks from non incubated eggs laid three weeks after infection. s ... | 1998 | 9646451 |
| evaluation of an enrofloxacin-treatment program against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broilers. | three chicken broiler breeder flocks, 7 months of age, were confirmed to have mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection, based on culture of tracheal swabs. a total of fifty-five 7-day-old embryos from the three mg-positive flocks had an average 27.4% prevalence of mg-infection in their vitelline membrane. sixty randomly selected mg isolates (30 from individual tracheas of breeders and another 30 from individual vitelline membrane of embryos) were highly sensitive in vitro to enrofloxacin (100%). ... | 1998 | 9646333 |
| pasteurella multocida infection involving cranial air spaces in white leghorn chickens. | seven 18-wk-old pullets from a commercial layer flock experiencing increased mortality associated with neurologic and respiratory symptoms were submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system at the turlock branch for necropsy. clinical signs included depression, torticollis, swollen eyelids, conjunctivitis, and sinusitis. meningoencephalitis and suppurative inflammation of the cranial air spaces were found on histopathology. the brain, sinuses, and air spaces of the cranium ... | 1998 | 9645337 |
| eradication of live f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine using live ts-11 on a multiage commercial layer farm. | subsequent to use of a live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccination program, the f strain of mg had been circulating on a commercial layer farm since 1981. in 1994, the ts-11 strain was introduced on the farm; each new placement flock was vaccinated by eyedrop with ts-11 for one production cycle, and then all subsequent placement flocks were left unvaccinated. birds were monitored by culture and serology before and after vaccination. mg isolates were characterized by random amplified polymorph ... | 1998 | 9645335 |
| serologic incidence of some diseases in kansas wild turkeys. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo, n = 1164) were tested for mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma synoviae, and salmonella pullorum from 1990 to 1997. although 3.3% of the turkeys were suspect for one or more diseases, only 0.9% were serologically positive for m. gallisepticum. these 11 positives were all from one country in south-central kansas. | 1998 | 9645333 |
| potential for transmission of the finch strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum between house finches and chickens. | although mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is established in house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) populations in at least 33 states, the potential risk of mg introduction to domestic poultry by infected finches currently is unknown. the objectives of this study were to determine if chickens could be infected with the finch strain of mg via direct, across-wire, and proximity (across-room) contact with naturally infected house finches and to determine if house finches could be infected through direct co ... | 1998 | 9645326 |
| pen trial studies on the use of live vaccines to displace virulent mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | groups of 10 8-wk-old chickens that had been vaccinated 4 wk previously with the f strain, ts-11, or 6/85 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were challenged by placing them in contact with 20 chickens that had been previously infected with the virulent r strain of mg. each month, the 10 oldest chickens were removed from each pen and replaced with 10 vaccinated chickens to return the total number of chickens in each pen to 30. chickens were bled and cultured for mg prior to contact challenge ... | 1998 | 9645321 |
| multigene families encoding the major hemagglutinins in phylogenetically distinct mycoplasmas. | mycoplasma synoviae has two major membrane antigens, mspa and mspb, both of which are phase variable and which may be coordinately involved in adhesion of the organism to erythrocytes. a single gene (vlha) from m. synoviae was characterized, and polypeptides were expressed from nonoverlapping 5' and 3' regions in escherichia coli. the expression product of the vlha 5' region reacted with specific reagents against mspb, while that of the 3' region reacted with specific reagents against mspa. anal ... | 1998 | 9632627 |
| characterization of mgc2, a mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin with homology to the mycoplasma pneumoniae 30-kilodalton protein p30 and mycoplasma genitalium p32. | a second cytadhesin-like protein, mgc2, was identified in the avian respiratory pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum. the 912-nucleotide mgc2 gene encodes a 32.6-kda protein with 40.9 and 31.4% identity with the m. pneumoniae p30 and m. genitalium p32 cytadhesins, respectively. functional studies with reverse transcription-pcr, immunoblotting, double-sided immunogold labeling, and attachment inhibition assays demonstrated homology to the human mycoplasmal p30 and p32 cytadhesins. these findings sug ... | 1998 | 9632619 |
| the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on the natural phytate phosphorus utilization by laying hens. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing a corn-soybean layer diet with either phytase, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(oh)2d3], or their combination. the basal diet was formulated to contain 3.00% ca and 0.33% total p. in experiment 1, 160, 56-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned to treatment groups fed either the basal diet alone or diets supplemented with either 600 phytase units (ftu) per kilogram feed, 5 microg 1,25-(oh)2d3/kg feed, or their combi ... | 1998 | 9628533 |