Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [an unusual revelation of miliary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis in two immunocompetent patients]. | 2015 | 26563665 | |
| isolation and potential for transmission of mycobacterium bovis at human-livestock-wildlife interface of the serengeti ecosystem, northern tanzania. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), is a multihost pathogen of public health and veterinary importance. we characterized the m. bovis isolated at the human-livestock-wildlife interface of the serengeti ecosystem to determine the epidemiology and risk of cross-species transmission between interacting hosts species. dna was extracted from mycobacterial cultures obtained from sputum samples of 472 tuberculosis (tb) suspected patients and tissue samples from 606 li ... | 2015 | 26563417 |
| widespread environmental contamination with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex revealed by a molecular detection protocol. | environmental contamination with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) has been considered crucial for bovine tuberculosis persistence in multi-host-pathogen systems. however, mtc contamination has been difficult to detect due to methodological issues. in an attempt to overcome this limitation we developed an improved protocol for the detection of mtc dna. mtc dna concentration was estimated by the most probable number (mpn) method. making use of this protocol we showed that mtc contamination ... | 2015 | 26561038 |
| mycobacterial receptor, clec4d (clecsf8, mcl), is coregulated with mincle and upregulated on mouse myeloid cells following microbial challenge. | the c-type lectin receptor (ctlr), clec4d (mcl, clecsf8), is a member of the dectin-2 cluster of ctlrs, which also includes the related receptors mincle and dectin-2. like mincle, clec4d recognizes mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose dimycolate, and we recently demonstrated its key role in anti-mycobacterial immunity in mouse and man. here, we characterized receptor expression in naïve mice, under inflammatory conditions, and during mycobacterium bovis bcg infection using newly generated monocl ... | 2016 | 26558717 |
| spatial and temporal analyses of metrics of tuberculosis infection in badgers (meles meles) from the republic of ireland: trends in apparent prevalence. | badgers are a wildlife host of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), and an important contributor to the epidemiology of btb in cattle in ireland and britain. repeated culling of badgers in high prevalence cattle btb areas has been used in the republic of ireland as one tool to reduce intra- and interspecific transmission of m. bovis. we assessed factors that influenced infection prevalence of culled badgers from 2009 to 2012 (n=4948) where spatial, temporal and ... | 2015 | 26556049 |
| application of rapid serologic tests for detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in free-ranging warthogs (phacochoerus africanus)--implications for antemortem disease screening. | warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) have been implicated as potential maintenance hosts of mycobacterium bovis. our preliminary investigation of bovine tuberculosis in three warthogs describes pathologic findings and associated positive serologic results in two infected animals. this demonstrates the potential use of serodiagnostic tests for m. bovis infection in this species. | 2016 | 26555104 |
| development of an in vitro model of the early-stage bovine tuberculous granuloma using mycobacterium bovis-bcg. | mycobacterium bovis causes 3.1% of human tuberculosis cases, as described by the world health organisation. in cattle, this organism causes bovine tuberculosis (btb) which can have a prevalence of up to 39.5% in some developing countries. in developed countries, although the prevalence of btb has been reduced through eradication programmes, complete eradication has in some cases proved elusive, with prevalences in cattle of 0.5% in the republic of ireland and of 4.3% in the uk. as the tuberculou ... | 2015 | 26553300 |
| efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (tb), is an important human pathogen. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), a live, attenuated variant of mycobacterium bovis, is currently the only available tb vaccine despite its low efficacy against the infectious pulmonary form of the disease in adults. thus, a more-effective tb vaccine is needed. parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a paramyxovirus, has several characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector. it is safe, inexpe ... | 2015 | 26552000 |
| phenotypic characterization of bovine memory cells responding to mycobacteria in ifnγ enzyme linked immunospot assays. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) remains a globally significant veterinary health problem. defining correlates of protection can accelerate the development of novel vaccines against tb. as the cultured ifnγ elispot (celispot) assay has been shown to predict protection and duration of immunity in vaccinated cattle, we sought to characterize the phenotype of the responding t-cells. using expression of cd45ro and cd62l we purified by cytometric cell sorting four distinct cd4(+) populations: cd45ro(+)cd62l ... | 2015 | 26549366 |
| comparative protein profiling of intraphagosomal expressed proteins of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | bcg, the only available vaccine against tuberculosis affords a variable protection which wanes with time. in this study we have analyzed and compared the proteins which are expressed differentially during broth-culture and intraphagosomal growth of m.bovis bcg. eight proteins which showed increased expression during the intraphagosomal growth were identified by maldi-tof/ms. these were - a precursor of alanine and proline-rich secreted protein apa, isoforms of malate dehydrogenase, large subunit ... | 2016 | 26548863 |
| protection induced by simultaneous subcutaneous and endobronchial vaccination with bcg/bcg and bcg/adenovirus expressing antigen 85a against mycobacterium bovis in cattle. | the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in the gb has been increasing since the 1980s. immunisation, alongside current control measures, has been proposed as a sustainable measure to control btb. immunisation with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) has been shown to protect against btb. furthermore, much experimental data indicates that pulmonary local immunity is important for protection against respiratory infections including mycobacterium tuberculosis and that pulmonary im ... | 2015 | 26544594 |
| effect of milk fermentation by kefir grains and selected single strains of lactic acid bacteria on the survival of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | mycobacterium bovis that causes bovine tuberculosis (btb) can be transmitted to humans thought consumption of raw and raw fermented milk products from diseased animals. lactic acid bacteria (lab) used in popular traditional milk products in africa produce anti-microbial compounds that inhibit some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. m. bovis bcg is an attenuated non-pathogenic vaccine strain of m. bovis and the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the fermentation process on the surviva ... | 2016 | 26544204 |
| whole-genome sequences of mycobacterium bovis strain mburu-001, isolated from fresh bovine infected samples. | bovine tuberculosis in cattle has a high incidence in uruguay, where it is considered a disease of national importance. we present the genome sequence of mycobacterium bovis strain mburu-001, isolated from pectoral lymph nodes of a bovine host from a cattle farm. | 2015 | 26543108 |
| selection of nucleic acid aptamers specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains to be a major global health problem, with about 9 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in 2011. for the control of tuberculosis as well as other infectious diseases, who recommended "assured" (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to the end user) diagnostic tools that can easily be maintained and used in developing countries. aptamers are promising tools for developing point-of-care diagnostic assays for t ... | 2016 | 26541162 |
| interferometry as a tool for evaluating effects of antimicrobial doses on mycobacterium bovis growth. | interferometry was used together with the conventional microplate resazurin assay to evaluate the antimycobacterial properties of essential oil (eo) from fruits of pterodon emarginatus and also of rifampicin against mycobacterium bovis. the aim of this work is not only to investigate the potential antimycobacterial activity of this eo, but also to test the interferometric method in comparison with the conventional one. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values of eo (625 μg/ml) and rifam ... | 2015 | 26538489 |
| a dinb ortholog enables mycobacterial growth under dttp-limiting conditions induced by the expression of a mycobacteriophage-derived ribonucleotide reductase gene. | mycobacterium species such as m. smegmatis and m. tuberculosis encode at least two translesion synthesis (tls) polymerases, dinb1 and dinb2, respectively. although predicted to be linked to dna repair, their role in vivo remains enigmatic. m. smegmatis mc(2)155, a strain commonly used to investigate mycobacterial genetics, has two copies of dinb2, the gene that codes for dinb2, by virtue of a 56-kb chromosomal duplication. expression of a mycobacteriophage d29 gene (gene 50) encoding a class ii ... | 2015 | 26527643 |
| il-28b down-regulates regulatory t cells but does not improve the protective immunity following tuberculosis subunit vaccine immunization. | regulatory t cells (tregs), which could be down-regulated by il-28b, were reported to suppress t-cell-mediated immunity. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of il-28b on the immune responses and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis (tb) subunit vaccine. first, a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing mouse il-28b (rad-mil-28b) was constructed; then c57bl/6 mice were immunized with subunit vaccine esat6-ag85b-mpt64(190-198)-mtb8.4-hspx (eammh) and rad-mil-28b together thrice or p ... | 2016 | 26521300 |
| factors that influence mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer and wild boar in an epidemiological risk area for tuberculosis of game species in portugal. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a worldwide zoonotic disease of domestic and wild animals. eradication has proved elusive in those countries with intensive national programmes but with ongoing transmission between wildlife and cattle. in portugal, a high-risk area for btb was defined and specific measures implemented to assess and minimize the risk from wildlife. data from the 2011 to 2014 hunting seasons for red deer (cervus elaphus) and wild boar (sus scrofa) were analysed with bovine demographic ... | 2015 | 26519121 |
| development of a gene expression assay for the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in african lions (panthera leo). | mycobacterium bovis infection, the cause of bovine tuberculosis (btb), is endemic in wildlife in the kruger national park (knp), south africa. in lions, a high infection prevalence and btb mortalities have been documented in the knp; however, the ecological consequences of this disease are currently unknown. sensitive assays for the detection of this infection in this species are therefore required. blood from m. bovis-exposed, m. bovis-unexposed, m. tuberculosis-exposed and m. bovis-infected li ... | 2015 | 26518735 |
| pattern of cytokine and chemokine production by thp-1 derived macrophages in response to live or heat-killed mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin moreau strain. | tuberculosis has great public health impact with high rates of mortality and the only prophylactic measure for it is the mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine. the present study evaluated the release of cytokines [interleukin (il)-1, tumour necrosis factor and il-6] and chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1α and mip-1β] by thp-1 derived macrophages infected with bcg vaccine obtained by growing mycobacteria in viscondessa de moraes institute medium medium (oral) ... | 2015 | 26517663 |
| mincle, an innate immune receptor, is expressed in urothelial cancer cells of papillomavirus-associated urothelial tumors of cattle. | mincle, macrophage-inducible c-type lectin, is a member of c-type lectin receptors. it plays an important role in anti-mycobacterial and anti-fungal immunity. furthermore it senses dead cells through its primary ligand sap130. | 2015 | 26513724 |
| display of antigens on polyester inclusions lowers the antigen concentration required for a bovine tuberculosis skin test. | the tuberculin skin test is the primary screening test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (tb), and use of this test has been very valuable in the control of this disease in many countries. however, the test lacks specificity when cattle have been exposed to environmental mycobacteria or vaccinated with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). recent studies showed that the use of three or four recombinant mycobacterial proteins, including 6-kda early secretory antigenic target ( ... | 2015 | 26512049 |
| repeated aerosolized-boosting with gamma-irradiated mycobacterium bovis bcg confers improved pulmonary protection against the hypervirulent mycobacterium tuberculosis strain hn878 in mice. | mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), the only licensed vaccine, shows limited protection efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis (tb), particularly hypervirulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains, suggesting that a logistical and practical vaccination strategy is urgently required. boosting the bcg-induced immunity may offer a potentially advantageous strategy for advancing tb vaccine development, instead of replacing bcg completely. despite the improved protection of the a ... | 2015 | 26509812 |
| disseminated cutaneous bcg infection following bcg immunotherapy in patients with lepromatous leprosy. | cutaneous complications of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine, especially in the form of generalised disease, are uncommon and mostly occur in immunocompromised individuals. there is a paucity of data on the cutaneous adverse reactions secondary to bcg immunotherapy in leprosy. we report two unique cases of disseminated cutaneous bcg infection following immunotherapy in patients with lepromatous leprosy. to our knowledge, cutaneous bcg infection presenting as widespread lesions after immunot ... | 2015 | 26502690 |
| evolutionary landscape of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from the viewpoint of phopr: implications for virulence regulation and application to vaccine development. | different members of the mycobacterium genus have evolved to cause tuberculosis in diverse human populations and in a variety of animal species. our cumulative knowledge of mycobacterial genomes indicates that mutations in the phopr two-component virulence system were acquired not only during the natural evolution of mycobacterial species but also during in vitro subculture, which has given rise to the attenuated reference strain h37ra or to different daughter strains of mycobacterium bovis bcg. ... | 2015 | 26489860 |
| successive intramuscular boosting with ifn-alpha protects mycobacterium bovis bcg-vaccinated mice against m. lepraemurium infection. | leprosy caused by mycobacterium leprae primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. as a human infectious disease, it is still a significant health and economic burden on developing countries. although multidrug therapy is reducing the number of active cases to approximately 0.5 million, the number of cases per year is not declining. therefore, alternative host-directed strategies should be addressed to improve treatment efficacy and outcome. in this work, using murine leprosy as a model, a ... | 2015 | 26484351 |
| il-17a promotes intracellular growth of mycobacterium by inhibiting apoptosis of infected macrophages. | the fate of infected macrophages is a critical aspect of immunity to mycobacteria. by depriving the pathogen of its intracellular niche, apoptotic death of the infected macrophage has been shown to be an important mechanism to control bacterial growth. here, we show that il-17 inhibits apoptosis of mycobacterium bovis bcg- or mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages thus hampering their ability to control bacterial growth. mechanistically, we show that il-17 inhibits p53, and impacts on t ... | 2015 | 26483789 |
| novel targeting of the lepb gene using pcr with confronting two-pair primers for simultaneous detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacterium bovis. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), is the leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. the standard method for tb diagnosis usually requires long periods of mycobacteria cultivation, leading to delayed diagnosis, inefficient treatment and widespread occurrence of the disease. therefore, a rapid method for the detection and differentiation of mtc from other mycobacteria is essential for disease diagnosis. here, we describe the ... | 2016 | 26474823 |
| differential effects of mycobacterium bovis bcg on macrophages and dendritic cells from murine spleen. | macrophages (mφ) and dendritic cells (dcs) are both pivotal antigen presenting cells capable of inducing specific cellular responses to inhaled mycobacteria, and thus, they may be important in the initiation of early immune responses to mycobacterial infection. in this study, we evaluated and compared the roles of murine splenic dcs and mφs in immunity against mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (m.bovis bcg). the number of internalized rbcg-gfp observed was obviously greater in murine ... | 2015 | 26473844 |
| relationship of bovine nos2 gene polymorphisms to the risk of bovine tuberculosis in holstein cattle. | many studies suggest significant genetic variation in the resistance of cattle and humans to infection with mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis. the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos which is encoded by the nos2 gene) plays a key role in the immunological control of a broad spectrum of infectious agents. this study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic variations in the promoter of the nos2 gene on bovine tuberculosis (btb) susceptibility. in this study, ... | 2016 | 26468216 |
| detection of mycobacterium bovis in organs of slaughtered cattle by dna-based polymerase chain reaction and ziehl-neelsen techniques in bauchi state, nigeria. | bovine tuberculosis is a chronic, infectious, and contagious zoonotic disease of domestic animals, wild animals, and humans. it also poses a public health threat and economic losses. this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle, based on pm meat inspection, ziehl-neelsen staining, and pcr techniques in bauchi state, nigeria. a prospective study was conducted on 800 cattle slaughtered in the three zonal abattoirs of bauchi state, nigeria. one hun ... | 2015 | 26464955 |
| public health implications and risk factors assessment of mycobacterium bovis infections among abattoir personnel in bauchi state, nigeria. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic infectious and contagious zoonotic disease of domestic animals, wild animals, and humans. it poses a public health threat and economic losses due to abattoir condemnation of infected carcasses during meat inspection of slaughtered animals. bovine tuberculosis is widespread in africa including nigeria affecting both cattle and humans, particularly northern nigeria. a prospective survey was conducted from june to august 2013 in the three zonal abattoirs of ba ... | 2015 | 26464954 |
| draft genome sequences of mycobacterium bovis bz 31150 and mycobacterium bovis b2 7505, pathogenic bacteria isolated from archived captive animal bronchial washes and human sputum samples in uganda. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), a zoonotic infection of cattle caused by mycobacterium bovis, results in losses of $3 billion to the global agricultural industry and represents the fourth most important livestock disease worldwide. m. bovis as a source of human infection is likely underreported due to the culture medium conditions used to isolate the organism from sputum or other sample sources. we report here the draft genome sequences of m. bovis bz 31150, isolated from a bronchial washing from a c ... | 2015 | 26450718 |
| bcg skin infection triggers il-1r-myd88-dependent migration of epcamlow cd11bhigh skin dendritic cells to draining lymph node during cd4+ t-cell priming. | the transport of antigen from the periphery to the draining lymph node (dln) is critical for t-cell priming but remains poorly studied during infection with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). to address this we employed a mouse model to track the traffic of dendritic cells (dcs) and mycobacteria from the bcg inoculation site in the skin to the dln. detection of bcg in the dln was concomitant with the priming of antigen-specific cd4+ t cells at that site. we found epcamlow cd11bhi ... | 2015 | 26440518 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium bovis clinical strain 1595, isolated from the laryngopharyngeal lymph node of south korean cattle. | mycobacterium bovis strain 1595 was isolated from the lymph node of south korean native cattle. the complete genome sequence of strain 1595 was determined in 2 contigs and was found to be 4,351,712 bp in size, with a 65.64% g+c content and 4,358 predicted protein-coding genes. | 2015 | 26430042 |
| trends of mycobacterium bovis isolation and first-line anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility profile: a fifteen-year laboratory-based surveillance. | mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the majority of tuberculosis (tb) cases in humans; however, in developing countries, human tb caused by m. bovis may be frequent but undetected. human tb caused by m. bovis is considered a zoonosis; transmission is mainly through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, and it is less frequently attributed to animal-to-human or human-to-human contact. we describe the trends of m. bovis isolation from human samples and first-line drug susceptibility during a ... | 2015 | 26421930 |
| assessment of the probability of introduction of bovine tuberculosis to danish cattle farms via imports of live cattle from abroad and immigrant workers. | denmark has been recognized as officially free (otf) from bovine tuberculosis (btb) since 1980. in this study, we estimated the annual probability (pintro) of introducing mycobacterium bovis into the danish cattle population, through (a) imports of cattle and (b) foreign personnel working in danish cattle herds. data from 2000 to 2013 with date, number and origin of imported live cattle were obtained from the danish cattle federation. information on immigrants working in danish cattle herds was ... | 2015 | 26409756 |
| pleural effusion and fever in an immunocompromised patient. | 2015 | 26407371 | |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship of molecules constituent of different essential oils with antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis. | essential oils and their constituents are commonly known for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity, and there are also reports on the antimycobacterial properties, but more experimental data are needed for the description of the mechanism of action or structural (and molecular) properties related to the antimicrobial activity. | 2015 | 26400221 |
| early-shared mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin sub-strains induce th1 cytokine production in vivo. | interleukin-12 is one of the cytokines that induce acquired immunity by progressing the differentiation of t cells. when antigens are presented by apcs, including macrophages and dcs, t cells are activated and produce the th1 cytokines il-2 and ifn-γ. we have previously reported greater il-12 production from macrophages infected with early-shared bcg sub-strains (ex. bcg-japan, -sweden) than from those infected with late-shared bcg (ex. bcg-pasteur and -connaught) . in this study, we investigate ... | 2015 | 26399380 |
| immunogenic properties of a bcg adjuvanted chitosan nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine in human dendritic cells. | dengue viruses (denvs) are among the most rapidly and efficiently spreading arboviruses. who recently estimated that about half of the world's population is now at risk for denv infection. there is no specific treatment or vaccine available to treat or prevent denv infections. here, we report the development of a novel dengue nanovaccine (dnv) composed of uv-inactivated denv-2 (uvi-denv) and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin cell wall components (bcg-cwcs) loaded into chitosan nanopar ... | 2015 | 26394138 |
| mycobacterium bovis cervical lymphadenitis: a representative case and review. | mycobacterium bovis is a tuberculosis causing bacterium that commonly presents with cervical lymphadenopathy. it is important to differentiate m. bovis from other mycobacterial pathogens to ensure selection of correct anti-microbial therapy. this may decrease the number of treatment failures, the prevalence of anti-mycobacterial drug resistance patterns, and the need for surgical intervention. m. bovis has universal resistance to pyrazinamide and thus may not respond to typical first line mycoba ... | 2015 | 26388186 |
| assessment of the probability of introducing mycobacterium tuberculosis into danish cattle herds. | tuberculosis is a zoonosis caused by mycobacterium spp. international trade in cattle is regulated with respect to mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) but not mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), despite that cattle can become infected with both species. in this study we estimated the annual probability (pintro) of introducing m. tuberculosis into the danish cattle population, by the import of cattle and/or by immigrants working in danish cattle herds. data from 2013 with date, number, and o ... | 2015 | 26385106 |
| [mycobacterium bovis in wildlife of the dairy regions of santa fe (argentina)]. | control eradication campaigns of bovine tuberculosis based on the «test and slaughter» approach were successful in many countries and regions; however, in some areas the infection persists and one of the main reasons is mycobacterium bovis infection in wild life species. argentina has applied the same approach since 1999, achieving progress in dairy cattle herds. nonetheless, the wildlife role has never been investigated. the objective of this study was to determine if wildlife from the santa fe ... | 2015 | 26376835 |
| screening putative antigens as stimulators in the mycobacterium bovis interferon-gamma release assay for cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) represents not only a significant economic concern, but also an important public health problem. currently, interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assays (igras) are widely used as an adjunct to the tuberculin test (tst) for the diagnosis of btb. a great number of international studies have demonstrated that the sensitivity of the ifn-γ assay, which uses purified protein derivatives (ppds) as diagnostic reagents, is superior to that of the tst. however, there are concerns abo ... | 2015 | 26375813 |
| a live attenuated bcg vaccine overexpressing multistage antigens ag85b and hspx provides superior protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | tuberculosis (tb) remains one of the most menacing infectious diseases, although attenuated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine has been widely used to protect children against primary tb. there are increasing evidences that rapid growing and dormant mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) coexist in vivo after infection. however, bcg vaccine only elicits cell-mediated immune responses to secretory antigens expressed by rapid growing pathogen. bcg vaccine is thus unab ... | 2015 | 26363555 |
| characterization of a camp responsive transcription factor, cmr (rv1675c), in tb complex mycobacteria reveals overlap with the dosr (devr) dormancy regulon. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) cmr (rv1675c) is a crp/fnr family transcription factor known to be responsive to camp levels and during macrophage infections. however, cmr's dna binding properties, cellular targets and overall role in tuberculosis (tb) complex bacteria have not been characterized. in this study, we used experimental and computational approaches to characterize cmr's dna binding properties and identify a putative regulon. cmr binds a 16-bp palindromic site that includes four hig ... | 2016 | 26358810 |
| inbr, a tetr family regulator, binds with isoniazid and influences multidrug resistance in mycobacterium bovis bcg. | isoniazid (inh), an anti-tuberculosis (tb) drug, has been widely used for nearly 60 years. however, the pathway through which mycobacterium tuberculosis responds inh remain largely unclear. in this study, we characterized a novel transcriptional factor, inbr, which is encoded by rv0275c and belongs to the tetr family, that is directly responsive to inh. disrupting inbr made mycobacteria more sensitive to inh, whereas overexpressing inbr decreased bacterial susceptibility to the drug. inbr could ... | 2015 | 26353937 |
| rna sequencing provides exquisite insight into the manipulation of the alveolar macrophage by tubercle bacilli. | mycobacterium bovis, the agent of bovine tuberculosis, causes an estimated $3 billion annual losses to global agriculture due, in part, to the limitations of current diagnostics. development of next-generation diagnostics requires a greater understanding of the interaction between the pathogen and the bovine host. therefore, to explore the early response of the alveolar macrophage to infection, we report the first application of rna-sequencing to define, in exquisite detail, the transcriptomes o ... | 2015 | 26346536 |
| intrafamilial transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis. | 2015 | 26344816 | |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure of livestock in a german dairy farm: implications for intra vitam diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in an officially tuberculosis-free country. | germany has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (btb)-free (otf) country since 1996. gradually rising numbers of btb herd incidents due to mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae in north-western and southern germany during the last few years prompted the competent authorities to conduct a nationwide btb survey in 2013/2014. this led to the detection of a dairy herd in which as many as 55 cattle reacted positively to consecutive intra vitam testing. test-positive animals lacked visible lesions indi ... | 2016 | 26344380 |
| nonclinical development of bcg replacement vaccine candidates. | the failure of current mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccines, given to neonates to protect against adult tuberculosis and the risk of using these live vaccines in hiv-infected infants, has emphasized the need for generating new, more efficacious and safer replacement vaccines. with the availability of genetic techniques for constructing recombinant bcg (rbcg) strains containing well-defined gene deletions or insertions, new vaccine candidates are under evaluation at both the ... | 2013 | 26343962 |
| a modified bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine with reduced activity of antioxidants and glutamine synthetase exhibits enhanced protection of mice despite diminished in vivo persistence. | early attempts to improve bcg have focused on increasing the expression of prominent antigens and adding recombinant toxins or cytokines to influence antigen presentation. one such modified bcg vaccine candidate has been withdrawn from human clinical trials due to adverse effects. bcg was derived from virulent mycobacterium bovis and retains much of its capacity for suppressing host immune responses. accordingly, we have used a different strategy for improving bcg based on reducing its immune su ... | 2013 | 26343849 |
| dendritic cell activity driven by recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg producing human il-18, in healthy bcg vaccinated adults. | tuberculosis remains an enormous global burden, despite wide vaccination coverage with the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), the only vaccine available against this disease, indicating that bcg-driven immunity is insufficient to protect the human population against tuberculosis. in this study we constructed recombinant bcg producing human il-18 (rbcghil-18) and investigated whether human il-18 produced by rbcghil-18 modulates dc functions and enhances th1 responses to mycobacterial antigens in hum ... | 2015 | 26339658 |
| lessons learned during the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis from australia. | there are very few international examples of the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis (tb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) from a national cattle population. this paper presents a brief overview of the successful tb eradication programme in australia from 1970, with primary emphasis on lessons of international relevance that were learned from the australian experience. the national brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign ran for 27 years from 1970 to 1997 and has ... | 2015 | 26338937 |
| should they stay, or should they go? relative future risk of bovine tuberculosis for interferon-gamma test-positive cattle left on farms. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, is a serious infectious disease that remains an ongoing concern for cattle farming worldwide. tuberculin skin-tests are often used to identify infected animals (reactors) during test-and-cull programs, however, due to relatively poor sensitivity, additional tests can be implemented in parallel. for example, in northern ireland interferon-gamma (ifn-g) testing is used in high-risk herds. however, skin-test negative animals which are positi ... | 2015 | 26338808 |
| proteomics approach to understand reduced clearance of mycobacteria and high viral titers during hiv-mycobacteria co-infection. | environmental mycobacteria, highly prevalent in natural and artificial (including chlorinated municipal water) niches, are emerging as new threat to human health, especially to hiv-infected population. these seemingly harmless non-pathogenic mycobacteria, which are otherwise cleared, establish as opportunistic infections adding to hiv-associated complications. although immune-evading strategies of pathogenic mycobacteria are known, the mechanisms underlying the early events by which opportunisti ... | 2016 | 26332641 |
| identification and evaluation of new mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a common zoonotic disease, caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. its diagnosis is based on the detection of cell mediated immunity under the exposure to protein purified derivative tuberculin (ppd), a complex and poorly characterized reagent. the cross-reactivity to non-tuberculous mycobacterium species (false-positive results) has been crucial to develop a more proper antigen. in the present study, we select ... | 2015 | 26320985 |
| prospects in mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette et guérin (bcg) vaccine diversity and delivery: why does bcg fail to protect against tuberculosis? | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) infection leads to active tuberculosis (tb), a disease that kills one human every 18s. current therapies available to combat tb include chemotherapy and the preventative vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette et guérin (bcg). increased reporting of drug resistant m.tb strains worldwide indicates that drug development cannot be the primary mechanism for eradication. bcg vaccination has been used globally for protection against childhood and disseminated tb, ... | 2015 | 26319069 |
| cho expressed recombinant human lactoferrin as an adjuvant for bcg. | lactoferrin (lf), an iron binding protein with immune modulatory activities, has adjuvant activity to enhance vaccine efficacy. tuberculosis (tb) is a pulmonary disease caused by the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). progressive tb disease is clinically defined by damaging pulmonary pathology, a result of inflammation due to immune reactivity. the current vaccine for tb, an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, bacillus calmette guerin (bcg), has only limited efficacy to prevent adu ... | 2015 | 26315722 |
| the search for new agonists to p2x7r for clinical use: tuberculosis as a possible target. | treatment for tuberculosis is effective with the use of proper antibiotics, but the number of drug-resistant cases is increasing. drug resistance occurred in 650,000 cases of the 20 million patients in treatment worldwide in 2011, which demonstrates the necessity of finding new therapeutic approaches. in this context, the search for new medicines and immunomodulators could help reduce the prevalence and incidence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. thus several preclinical studies demons ... | 2015 | 26314826 |
| [a case diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease after disseminated infection following bcg vaccination]. | bcg (bacillus calmette-guérin) vaccine is a widely used vaccine with the recommendation of world health organization to protect children against miliary tuberculosis (tb) and tb meningitis. severe side effects related to this vaccine mostly manifest in the presence of underlying immunosuppressive disease. in this report, an infant case with unknown chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) who developed disseminated bcg infection after administration of bcg vaccine, was presented. high fever, left axi ... | 2015 | 26313288 |
| [bovine tuberculosis still not to be forgotten even in the czech republic]. | bovine tuberculosis is caused by two obligate pathogenic species, mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, that cause severe disease in animals and humans. the oral route of infection causing extrapulmonary forms of the disease in humans is more common than aerogenic infection causing pulmonary tuberculosis. significant risk factors for the development of diseases in humans are mainly consuming insufficiently heat-treated milk or meat from infected animals. since 2004, the czech republic has been list ... | 2015 | 26312376 |
| differential requirements for l-citrulline and l-arginine during antimycobacterial macrophage activity. | microbicidal no production is reliant on inducible no synthase-mediated l-arginine metabolism in macrophages (mφs). however, l-arginine supply can be restricted by arginase activity, resulting in inefficient no output and inhibition of antimicrobial mφ function. mφs circumvent this by converting l-citrulline to l-arginine, thereby resupplying substrate for no production. in this article, we define the metabolic signature of mycobacteria-infected murine mφs supplied l-arginine, l-citrulline, or b ... | 2015 | 26311904 |
| randomized controlled study of the efficacy, safety and quality of life with low dose bacillus calmette-guérin instillation therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. | the optimal dose of intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is controversial. we investigated if induction therapy with low dose bacillus calmette-guérin could achieve a complete response rate similar to that of standard dose bacillus calmette-guérin, with less toxicity and higher quality of life. | 2016 | 26307162 |
| human multidrug-resistant mycobacterium bovis infection in mexico. | here, we describe the molecular characterization of six human mycobacterium bovis clinical isolates, including three multidrug resistant (mdr) strains, collected in mexico through the national survey on tuberculosis drug resistance (entb-2008), a nationally representative survey conducted during 2008-2009 in nine states with a stratified cluster sampling design. the genetic background of bovine m. bovis strains identified in three different states of mexico was studied in parallel to assess mole ... | 2015 | 26299906 |
| pathology and diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in india. | the present study investigated the pathological features of tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis and its diagnosis in naturally infected dromedary camels from an organized farm in india. during the period of the 5-year study, a total of 18 (19.56 %) camels out of 92 examined showed gross lesions compatible with tb at post-mortem. the clinical signs and pathological lesions in these camels were studied, and the efficacy of different diagnostic tests was also assessed. on the basis of o ... | 2015 | 26298084 |
| bovine tuberculosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea) in the republic of korea. | bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis has a wide range of hosts including cattle and humans, but its incidence in otters is very rare. our report describes a case of bovine tuberculosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). a deceased female otter ~2-3 years of age that was raised in an aquarium was submitted to the animal and plant quarantine agency (anyang, republic of korea) for autopsy in june 2013. following gross pathological examination, many white nodules were obser ... | 2015 | 26289719 |
| adverse reactions to mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin vaccination against tuberculosis in iranian children. | there are considerable variations in the number of adverse reaction reports related to vaccine from different countries. the aim of this study was to review the development of adverse reactions to bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination among hospitalized patients in an iranian referral hospital. | 2015 | 26273579 |
| correlates of vaccine-induced protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed in comparative analyses of lymphocyte populations. | a critical hindrance to the development of a novel vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis is a lack of understanding of protective correlates of immunity and of host factors involved in a successful adaptive immune response. studies from our group and others have used a mouse-based in vitro model system to assess correlates of protection. here, using this coculture system and a panel of whole-cell vaccines with varied efficacy, we developed a comprehensive approach to understand correlates o ... | 2015 | 26269537 |
| applications of bacillus calmette-guerin and recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccines are attenuated live strains of mycobacterium bovis and are among the most widely used vaccines in the world. bcg is proven to be effective in preventing severe infant meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. intravesical instillation of bcg is also a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. in the past few decades, recombinant bcg (rbcg) technology had been extensively applied to develop vaccine candidates for a variety of infectious diseases ... | 2015 | 26268434 |
| short communication: proteomic characterization of tuberculin purified protein derivative from mycobacterium bovis. | bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (bppd) is used as an intradermal test (it) reagent to detect bovine tuberculosis (btb) in most countries. identification of bppd proteins is critical to understanding the immunological reaction of it at the molecular level. while bppd from the united kingdom (uk) and brazil (br) have been recently defined at the proteomic level, bppd from the republic of korea (kr) has not yet been analyzed. here, bppd kr proteome was examined for the first time. in ... | 2015 | 26267100 |
| synthesis and biological activity of alkynoic acids derivatives against mycobacteria. | 2-alkynoic acids have bactericidal activity against mycobacterium smegmatis but their activity fall sharply as the length of the carbon chain increased. in this study, derivatives of 2-alkynoic acids were synthesized and tested against fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria. their activity was first evaluated in m. smegmatis against their parental 2-alkynoic acids, as well as isoniazid, a first-line antituberculosis drug. the introduction of additional unsaturation or heteroatoms into the carbon ch ... | 2016 | 26256431 |
| signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule slamf1 augments mycobacteria bcg-induced inflammatory response and facilitates bacterial clearance. | tuberculosis, which is caused by intracellular mycobacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), remains one of the most serious global public health concerns. the mechanisms by which innate immunity regulates the inflammatory responses and affects mycobacterial infection remain unclear. in this study, signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule family 1 (slamf1) was significantly upregulated in mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg)-infected raw264.7 cells. overexpression of slamf1 signif ... | 2015 | 26253450 |
| the variability and seasonality of the environmental reservoir of mycobacterium bovis shed by wild european badgers. | the incidence of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has been increasing in uk cattle herds resulting in substantial economic losses. the european badger (meles meles) is implicated as a wildlife reservoir of infection. one likely route of transmission to cattle is through exposure to infected badger urine and faeces. the relative importance of the environment in transmission remains unknown, in part due to the lack of information on the distribution and magnitude of ... | 2015 | 26247348 |
| anatomical distribution of mycobacterium bovis genotypes in experimentally infected white-tailed deer. | mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) causes tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (wtd). natural infection of wtd with m. bovis is most closely mimicked by instilling inoculum into palatine tonsillar crypts. one hundred fifty days after intratonsillar inoculation, m. bovis was cultured from 30 tissues originating from 14 deer. whole-genome sequencing (wgs) was performed on the original inoculum, single colonies subcultured from the original inoculum, and m. bovis isolated from each culture positive tissue ... | 2015 | 26243696 |
| goats challenged with different members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex display different clinical pictures. | tuberculosis (tb) in goats (capra hircus) is due to infection with members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), mainly mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae. we report a comparative experimental infection of goats with m. bovis, m. caprae and m. tuberculosis strains. we hypothesized that goats experimentally infected with different members of the mtc would display different clinical pictures. three groups of goats were challenged with either m. bovis sb0134 (group 1, n=5), m. ... | 2015 | 26235598 |
| infected false aneurysm of the aortic arch after endoscopic transurethral instillation of bacillus calmette-guérin. | the case of an 81-year-old male operated on for an infected false aneurysm of the aortic arch by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) is described. arch reconstruction with cryopreserved aortic patch was successfully performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest. antituberculous chemotherapy was given for 12 months and presently the patient is leading a normal life. vascular infection after bacillus calmette-guérin bladder therapy is uncommon and aortic arch involvement near exceptional. this diagnos ... | 2015 | 26234849 |
| dielectrophoretic characterization of antibiotic-treated mycobacterium tuberculosis complex cells. | multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) has become a serious concern for proper treatment of patients. as a phenotypic method, dielectrophoresis can be useful but is yet to be attempted to evaluate mycobacterium tuberculosis complex cells. this paper investigates the dielectrophoretic behavior of mycobacterium bovis (bacillus calmette-guérin, bcg) cells that are treated with heat or antibiotics rifampin (rif) or isoniazid (inh). the experimental parameters are designed on the basis of our sen ... | 2015 | 26231690 |
| transmission and progression to disease of mycobacterium tuberculosis phylogenetic lineages in the netherlands. | the aim of this study was to determine if mycobacterial lineages affect infection risk, clustering, and disease progression among mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in the netherlands. multivariate negative binomial regression models adjusted for patient-related factors and stratified by patient ethnicity were used to determine the association between phylogenetic lineages and infectivity (mean number of positive contacts around each patient) and clustering (as defined by number of secondary cases ... | 2015 | 26224845 |
| neutrophils rapidly transit inflamed lymphatic vessel endothelium via integrin-dependent proteolysis and lipoxin-induced junctional retraction. | neutrophils are the first leukocyte population to be recruited from the circulation following tissue injury or infection, where they play key roles in host defense. however, recent evidence indicates recruited neutrophils can also enter lymph and shape adaptive immune responses downstream in draining lymph nodes. at present, the cellular mechanisms regulating neutrophil entry to lymphatic vessels and migration to lymph nodes are largely unknown. here, we have investigated these events in an in v ... | 2015 | 26216937 |
| a simple and rapid identification method for mycobacterium bovis bcg with loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is widely used as a live attenuated vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis and is an agent for standard prophylaxis against the recurrence of bladder cancer. unfortunately, it can cause severe infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients, and the ability to immediately distinguish bcg from other m. tuberculosis complexes is therefore important. in this study, we developed a simple and easy-to-perform identification procedure using loop-mediated ... | 2015 | 26208001 |
| synthetic long peptide derived from mycobacterium tuberculosis latency antigen rv1733c protects against tuberculosis. | responsible for 9 million new cases of active disease and nearly 2 million deaths each year, tuberculosis (tb) remains a global health threat of overwhelming dimensions. mycobacterium bovis bcg, the only licensed vaccine available, fails to confer lifelong protection and to prevent reactivation of latent infection. although 15 new vaccine candidates are now in clinical trials, an effective vaccine against tb remains elusive, and new strategies for vaccination are vital. bcg vaccination fails to ... | 2015 | 26202436 |
| risk factors for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis coinfection at individual animal level in southern chile cattle populations. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic intestinal infection mainly in domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) produces a chronic infection principally of the respiratory system. it affects most domestic mammals, wild species, and humans and is spread via the respiratory or oral route. it is important to note that m. bovis is considered a major zoonotic agent. the term coinfection refers to the co ... | 2015 | 26193778 |
| rhesus immune responses to siv gag expressed by recombinant bcg vectors are independent from pre-existing mycobacterial immunity. | a recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg (rbcg) vector expressing hiv transgenes is an attractive candidate as a dual vaccine against hiv and tb. however, pre-existing immune responses to mycobacteria may influence immune responses to rbcg. we analyzed data from a rhesus rbcg trial to determine the effect of pre-existing mycobacterial immune responses on the vaccine-induced responses to the vector and expressed transgene. | 2015 | 26192357 |
| analysis of cytokine gene expression using a novel chromogenic in-situ hybridization method in pulmonary granulomas of cattle infected experimentally by aerosolized mycobacterium bovis. | mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in most animal species including cattle and is a serious zoonotic pathogen. in man, m. bovis infection can result in disease clinically indistinguishable from that caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of most human tuberculosis. regardless of host, the typical lesion induced by m. bovis or m. tuberculosis is the tuberculoid granuloma. tuberculoid granulomas are dynamic structures reflecting the interface between host and pathogen and, t ... | 2015 | 26189773 |
| synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of some triazole derivatives-new route to functionalized triazolopyridazines. | a series of cyclic analogues of bioactive thiosemicarbazide derivatives have been synthesized as potential antimycobacterial agents. the 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione analogues (ia-f) were prepared by heating a mixture of thiocarbohydrzide and appropriate carboxylic acids. reaction of thiocarbohydrazide with γ-ketoesters in the presence of sodium methoxide furnished triazolopyridazine derivatives iia-b. finally, condensation of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione with some aldehydes gave schiff ba ... | 2015 | 26185506 |
| [rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium bovis bcg strain isolated from an infant with nemo mutation]. | it is well known that disseminated mycobacterium bovis bcg infection is developed after bcg vaccination in infants with congenital cellular immune deficiencies such as mutations in genes along the interleukin (il)-12/interferon (ifn)-γ pathway and mutations in nuclear factor-kb essential modulator (nemo). in this report, a rifampicin-resistant m.bovis bcg strain isolated from an infant with nemo defect was presented. an 8-month-old male infant with nemo defect admitted to the pediatric outpatien ... | 2015 | 26167828 |
| γ irradiated mycobacteria enhance survival in bladder tumor bearing mice although less efficaciously than live mycobacteria. | γ irradiated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin has shown in vitro and ex vivo antitumor activity. however, to our knowledge the potential antitumor capacity has not been demonstrated in vivo. we studied the in vivo potential of γ irradiated bacillus calmette-guérin and γ irradiated m. brumae, a saprophytic mycobacterium that was recently described as an immunotherapeutic agent. | 2016 | 26165584 |
| phenotypic resistance in mycobacteria: is it because i am old or fat that i resist you? | we aimed to explore the phenomenon of phenotypic resistance to antimycobacterial antibiotics and to determine whether this was associated with cell age or the presence of lipid bodies. | 2015 | 26163401 |
| the mycobacterial p55 efflux pump is required for optimal growth on cholesterol. | cholesterol catabolism is thought to be a key factor contributing to the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis. previous epistasis and mutant screening studies predicted that the p55 efflux pump (rv1410c) positively interacts with the mce4 transporter, a major cholesterol import system of m. tuberculosis and is needed for optimal growth in vitro, in macrophages, and in vivo. using a combination of cell growth kinetic techniques, cholesterol consumption, and [4-(14)c]cholesterol uptake studi ... | 2015 | 26155739 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis from human sputum samples through multiplex pcr. | tuberculosis (tb) has a long history and being present even before the start of recording history. it has left detrimental effects on all aspect of the life and geared the developments in the science of health. tb is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) including five species m. tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. africanum, m. canetti, and m. microti. m. tuberculosis and m. bovis infect both animals and humans. therefore, differentiation of these two closely related species is very import ... | 2015 | 26142518 |
| mycobacterium bovis abdominal tuberculosis in a young child. | abdominal tuberculosis can mimic many processes resulting in delayed diagnosis and unnecessary surgery. we describe a child of moroccan parents with an abdominal mass caused by mycobacterium bovis. the case stresses the need for increased awareness of m. bovis tuberculosis (tb) in general and extrapulmonary tb in the setting of foreign-born individuals who travel periodically to tb-endemic regions. | 2015 | 26132823 |
| admixture mapping of tuberculosis and pigmentation-related traits in an african-european hybrid cattle population. | admixture mapping affords a powerful approach to genetic mapping of complex traits and may be particularly suited to investigation in cattle where many breeds and populations are hybrids of the two divergent ancestral genomes, derived from bos taurus and bos indicus. here we design a minimal genome wide snp panel for tracking ancestry in recent hybrids of holstein-friesian and local arsi zebu in a field sample from a region of high bovine tuberculosis (btb) endemicity in the central ethiopian hi ... | 2015 | 26124773 |
| control of mycobacterial infections in mice expressing human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) but not mouse tnf. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is an important cytokine for host defense against pathogens but is also associated with the development of human immunopathologies. tnf blockade effectively ameliorates many chronic inflammatory conditions but compromises host immunity to tuberculosis. the search for novel, more specific human tnf blockers requires the development of a reliable animal model. we used a novel mouse model with complete replacement of the mouse tnf gene by its human ortholog (human tnf [h ... | 2015 | 26123801 |
| longevity of mycobacterium bovis in raw and traditional souring milk as a function of storage temperature and dose. | unpasteurised fresh and souring dairy products form an essential component of household diets throughout many rural communities in southern africa. the presence of milk-borne zoonotic pathogens such as mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, constitute a public health threat, especially in remote areas with poor disease surveillance in livestock and highly compromised human health due to hiv/aids. | 2015 | 26121261 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence: insights and impact on vaccine development. | the existing tb vaccine, the attenuated mycobacterium bovis strain bcg, is effective in protecting infants from severe forms of the disease, while its efficacy in protecting adults from pulmonary tb is poor. in the last two decades, a renewed interest in tb resulted in the development of several candidate vaccines that are now entering clinical trials. however, most of these vaccines are based on a common rationale and aim to induce a strong t-cell response against mycobacterium tuberculosis. re ... | 2015 | 26119086 |
| cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, given its cross-reactivity with tuberculosis tests. | johne's disease (jd), or paratuberculosis, is a chronic enteric disease of ruminants, caused by infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map). johne's disease causes considerable economic losses to the us dairy industry, estimated to be over $200 million annually. available control strategies include management measures to improve calf hygiene, test-and-cull strategies, and vaccination. although the first 2 strategies have shown to reduce the prevalence of map, they require dedi ... | 2015 | 26117348 |
| complete genome sequences of field isolates of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae. | here we report the complete genome sequences of field isolates of mycobacterium bovis and the related mycobacterial species, mycobacterium caprae. the genomes of three m. bovis (mb1, mb3, mb4) and one m. caprae (mb2) field isolates with different virulence, prevalence, and host distribution phenotypes were sequenced. | 2015 | 26112781 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of mycobacterium bovis bcg delivered by aerosol to the lungs of macaques. | nine million cases of tuberculosis (tb) were reported in 2013, with a further 1.5 million deaths attributed to the disease. when delivered as an intradermal (i.d.) injection, the mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine provides limited protection, whereas aerosol delivery has been shown to enhance efficacy in experimental models. in this study, we used the rhesus macaque model to characterize the mucosal and systemic immune response induced by aerosol-delivered bcg vaccine. aerosol delivery of bcg induc ... | 2015 | 26108288 |