Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| cost-effectiveness analysis on the use of fidaxomicin and vancomycin to treat clostridium difficile infection in france. | fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic with proven efficacy against clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in adults. it was licensed in france in 2012, but, due to higher acquisition costs compared with existing treatments, healthcare providers require information on its cost/benefit profile. | 2017 | 28299963 |
| frequency and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with pouchitis: a population-based study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients with the ileal pouch after proctocolectomy has been increasingly recognized. we sought to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of cdi in patients with the primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of pouchitis in the united states. | 2017 | 28296825 |
| the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in a national kidney transplant centre. | we aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of cdi in a national kidney transplant centre from 2008-2015. | 2017 | 28295646 |
| conventional and alternative treatment approaches for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile-associated disease continues to be one of the leading health concerns worldwide. c. difficile is considered as a causative agent of nosocomial diarrhea that causes serious infection, which may result in death. the incidences of c. difficile infection (cdi) in developed countries have become increasingly high which may be attributed to the emergence of newer epidemic strains, extensive use of antibiotics, and limited alternative therapies. the available treatment options aga ... | 2017 | 28293151 |
| effect of united states buckwheat honey on antibiotic-resistant hospital acquired pathogens. | due to an upsurge in antibiotic-resistant infections and lack of therapeutic options, new approaches are needed for treatment. honey may be one such potential therapeutic option. we investigated the susceptibility of hospital acquired pathogens to four honeys from wisconsin, united states, and then determined if the antibacterial effect of each honey against these pathogens is primarily due to the high sugar content. | 2016 | 28292167 |
| donor considerations in fecal microbiota transplantation. | tremendous acceleration has been made in understanding the gut microbiota in the past decade and, with it, further understanding of the pathologic role of dysbiosis and the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) as therapy. fmt has been studied in many disease states including the most common indication of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), though many questions regarding stool donor selection remain. | 2017 | 28289858 |
| determining clostridium difficile intra-taxa diversity by mining multilocus sequence typing databases. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is a highly discriminatory typing strategy; it is reproducible and scalable. there is a mlst scheme for clostridium difficile (cd), a gram positive bacillus causing different pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. this work was aimed at describing the frequency of sequence types (sts) and clades (c) reported and evalute the intra-taxa diversity in the cd mlst database (cd-mlst-db) using an mlsa approach. | 2017 | 28288567 |
| cadazolid for the treatment of clostridium difficile. | antibiotic development goals for cdi include potent antimicrobial effect against c. difficile, limited killing of host microbiota, potential effect on spores, and ability to interfere with toxin production. cadazolid, a novel, non-absorbable hybrid antibiotic has many of these criteria. in phase i and ii clinical trials, cadazolid was shown to be safe, well tolerated, and efficacious positioning itself as a potential future viable therapeutic option for cdi. areas covered: this review provides a ... | 2017 | 28286992 |
| treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile diarrhea. | treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea can be challenging. once patients develop recurrent disease, further episodes are common and can continue for months or even a year or more. treatment begins with a repeat standard 10-day course of antibiotics, followed by tapering and/or pulsing of the antibiotic dose. probiotics can also be useful, particularly the nonpathogenic yeast saccharomyces boulardii. stool reconstitution via fecal enemas, colonoscopy, and nasogastric tub ... | 2006 | 28286449 |
| toxin production of clostridium difficile in sub-mic of vancomycin and clindamycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime. | toxin production in clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a key process for induction of diarrhea. several factors such as sub-mic of antibiotics impact on toxin production. the aim of this research is investigation of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-mic) of vancomycin (van), clindamycin (cli) separately and in combination with ceftazidime (caz) on toxin production in c. difficile. about ∼10(6) colony forming units (cfu) from 18-h culture of c. difficile atcc 9689 and clinical isolat ... | 2017 | 28286152 |
| using clinical scenarios to understand preventability of clostridium difficile infections by inpatient antibiotic stewardship programs. | 2017 | 28285605 | |
| clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and cytotoxicity in colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | clostridium difficile is the most common etiological agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. this study investigated the secretion of membrane vesicles (mvs) from c. difficile and determined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and cytotoxicity of c. difficile mvs in epithelial cells in vitro. c. difficile atcc 43255 and two clinical isolates secreted spherical mvs during in vitro culture. proteomic analysis revealed that mvs of c. diff ... | 2017 | 28284851 |
| community dynamics drive punctuated engraftment of the fecal microbiome following transplantation using freeze-dried, encapsulated fecal microbiota. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective treatment of recurrent and recalcitrant clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). in a recent study oral-delivery of encapsulated, freeze-dried donor material, resulted in comparable rates of cure to colonoscopic approaches. here we characterize shifts in the fecal bacterial community structure of patients treated for rcdi using encapsulated donor material. prior to fmt, patient fecal samples showed declines in diversity and abundance of ... | 2017 | 28282270 |
| inhibition of spore germination, growth, and toxin activity of clinically relevant c. difficile strains by gut microbiota derived secondary bile acids. | the changing epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection over the past decades presents a significant challenge in the management of c. difficile associated diseases. the gastrointestinal tract microbiota provides colonization resistance against c. difficile, and growing evidence suggests that gut microbial derived secondary bile acids (sbas) play a role. we hypothesized that the c. difficile life cycle; spore germination and outgrowth, growth, and toxin production, of strains that vary by a ... | 2017 | 28279860 |
| factors associated with clostridium difficile infection: a nested case-control study in a three year prospective cohort. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a serious medical condition that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. identification of risk factors associated with cdi and prompt recognition of patients at risk is key to successfully preventing cdi. | 2017 | 28279859 |
| epidemiology and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in critically ill patients in spain: the procrid study. | our objectives were to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in critically ill patients and to determine c. difficile pcr-ribotypes. | 2017 | 28279489 |
| gastrointestinal organoids: understanding the molecular basis of the host-microbe interface. | in recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to the concept that microorganisms play an integral role in human physiology and pathophysiology. despite this, the molecular basis of host-pathogen and host-symbiont interactions in the human intestine remains poorly understood owing to the limited availability of human tissue, and the biological complexity of host-microbe interactions. over the past decade, technological advances have enabled long-term culture of organotypic intestinal tis ... | 2017 | 28275681 |
| clostridium difficile colitis in trauma patients - a global step by step review. | clostridium difficile associated disease is a well recognized nosocomial infection evolving as a severediarrheal illness, associated with significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. the incidence of clostridium difficile infection is higher and its impact is more severe in trauma patients when compared with general inpatient population. there are several potential diagnosis tools for clostridium difficile colitis, however choosing the right diagnostic approa ... | 2015 | 28275412 |
| clostridium difficile associated disease: burden of and predictors for in hospital fatal outcome. results of a hospital-based study, bucharest, romania. | in the last 15 years clostridium difficile infection became a typical new emergent threat worldwide. our aim was to describe the risk factors associated with fatal outcome of clostridium difficile associated disease (cdad) cases treated in 2012 in "dr victor babes" infectious and tropical diseases hospital, a 450 beds teaching clinic from bucharest, romania. | 2015 | 28275398 |
| strategies for optimizing the diagnostic predictive value of clostridium difficile molecular diagnostics. | because nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) do not distinguish clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and asymptomatic c. difficile carriage, the diagnostic predictive value of naats is limited when used in patients with low probability of cdi. in this issue of the journal of clinical microbiology, truong et al. report significant reductions in hospital-onset cdi and oral vancomycin utilization at their institution following implementation of a novel intervention that leveraged their clinica ... | 2017 | 28275072 |
| role of postgraduate year 2 pharmacy residents in providing weekend antimicrobial stewardship coverage in an academic medical center. | the integration of pharmacy residents into an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) is described, and data on the residents' asp interventions and outcomes are reported. | 2017 | 28274985 |
| emerging monoclonal antibodies against clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections are characterized by a high recurrence rate despite antibiotic treatments and there is an urgent need to develop new treatments such as fecal transplantation and immonotherapy. besides active immunotherapy with vaccines, passive immunotherapy has shown promise, especially with monoclonal antibodies. areas covered: herein, the authors review the different assays performed with monoclonal antibodies against c. difficile toxins and surface proteins to treat or preve ... | 2017 | 28274145 |
| [selection of laboratory procedures to detect toxigenic by the 2-step method]. | the 2-step method is an algorithm to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile. we herein compared the sensitivities and specificities of an enzyme immunoassay (toxin a/b-eia), toxigenic culture (tc-eia), loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (lamp), and xpert c. difficile (xpert) with the detection of the toxin b gene by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the results obtained showed that the sensitivities and specificities of toxin a/b-eia, xpert, tc-eia, and lamp were 30 and 100%, 87.2 and ... | 2017 | 28274126 |
| a retrospective study to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of opportunistic infections after abdominal organ transplantation. | most epidemiologic studies of opportunistic infections (oi) following abdominal organ transplant (aot) are derived prior to the era of contemporary immunosuppression and prophylaxis. these studies suggest that most oi occur within the first 6 months post transplant. | 2017 | 28273393 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection among medicare patients in nursing homes: a population-based cohort study. | we explored the epidemiology and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) recurrence among medicare patients in a nursing home (nh) whose cdi originated in acute care hospitals.we conducted a retrospective, population-based matched cohort combining medicare claims with minimum data set 3.0, including all hospitalized patients age ≥65 years transferred to an nh after hospitalization with cdi 1/2011-11/2012. incident cdi was defined as icd-9-cm code 008.45 with no others in prior 60 days. ... | 2017 | 28272217 |
| a rare case of raoultella planticola urinary tract infection in an immunocompromised patient with multiple myeloma. | raoultella planticola is a gram-negative rod associated with soil and aquatic environments that has rarely been associated with human infections. | 2017 | 28271042 |
| clostridium difficile disease: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment update. | clostridium difficile infections are the leading cause of health care-associated infectious diarrhea, posing a significant risk for both medical and surgical patients. because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with c difficile infections, knowledge of the epidemiology of c difficile in combination with a high index of suspicion and susceptible patient populations (including surgical, postcolectomy, and inflammatory bowel disease patients) is warranted. c difficile infections ... | 2017 | 28267992 |
| the challenge of detecting indels in bacterial genomes from short-read sequencing data. | we tested the capabilities of four different software tools to detect insertions and deletions (indels) in a bacterial genome on the basis of short sequencing reads. we included tools applying the gapped-alignment (varscan, freebayes) or split-read (pindel) methods, respectively, and a combinatorial approach with local de-novo assembly (scanindel). tests were performed with 151-basepair, paired-end sequencing reads simulated from a bacterial (clostridioides difficile r20291) genome sequence with ... | 2017 | 28267569 |
| microbiome: fecal transplant in clostridium difficile and ulcerative colitis. dr. paul moayyedi in an interview with dr. roman jaeschke: part 2. | 2017 | 28267142 | |
| whole genome sequences of three clade 3 clostridium difficile strains carrying binary toxin genes in china. | clostridium difficile consists of six clades but studies on clade 3 are limited. here, we report genome sequences of three clade 3 c. difficile strains carrying genes encoding toxin a and b and the binary toxin. isolates 103 and 133 (both of st5) and isolate 106 (st285) were recovered from three icu patients. whole genome sequencing using hiseq 2500 revealed 4.1-mb genomes with 28-29% gc content. there were ≥1,104 snp between the isolates, suggesting they were not of a single clone. the toxin a ... | 2017 | 28262711 |
| inhibition of mrsa and of clostridium difficile by durancin 61a: synergy with bacteriocins and antibiotics. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of durancin 61a alone or in combination with nisin, pediocin pa-1, reuterin, microcin j25, vancomycin or tetracycline as an inhibitor of resistant clinical pathogens and to shed light on its mode of action. | 2017 | 28262046 |
| hospital impact after a chemical spill that compromised the potable water supply: west virginia, january 2014. | in january 2014, a chemical spill of 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol and propylene glycol phenyl ethers contaminated the potable water supply of approximately 300,000 west virginia residents. to understand the spill's impact on hospital operations, we surveyed representatives from 10 hospitals in the affected area during january 2014. we found that the spill-related loss of potable water affected many aspects of hospital patient care (eg, surgery, endoscopy, hemodialysis, and infection control of cl ... | 2017 | 28260560 |
| impact of clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis- a population based cohort study. | 2017 | 28258934 | |
| the effect of omeprazole treatment on the gut microflora and neutrophil function. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) may increase the risk of clostridium difficile infections. there are interactions between gut microbiota and innate immune cells including neutrophils. we evaluated the effect of treatment with omeprazole on the gut microflora and neutrophil function. | 2017 | 28258834 |
| insights into drug resistance mechanisms in clostridium difficile. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection has been elevated and becoming common in hospitals worldwide. although antibiotics usually serve as the primary treatment for bacterial infection including c. difficile infection, limitations and failures have been evident due to drug resistance. antibiotic resistance in c. difficile has been recognized as one of the most important factors to promote the infection and increase the level of severity and the recurrence rate. several outbreaks in man ... | 2017 | 28258232 |
| successful treatment of persistent clostridium difficile infection with manuka honey. | 2017 | 28257905 | |
| antibiotic treatment for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in adults. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis. this review is an update of a previously published cochrane review. | 2017 | 28257555 |
| risk factors for outpatient use of antibiotics in children with acute respiratory illnesses. | antibiotics for acute respiratory illness (ari) constitute most pediatric medication use and contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. we investigated antibiotic prescription risk factors for ari in pediatric clinics and clinical follow-up in individuals prescribed and not prescribed antibiotics. | 2017 | 28257541 |
| a population-based matched cohort study examining the mortality and costs of patients with community-onset clostridium difficile infection identified using emergency department visits and hospital admissions. | few studies have evaluated the mortality or quantified the economic burden of community-onset clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we estimated the attributable mortality and costs of community-onset cdi. we conducted a population-based matched cohort study. we identified incident subjects with community-onset cdi using health administrative data (emergency department visits and hospital admissions) in ontario, canada between january 1, 2003 and december 31, 2010. we propensity-score matched e ... | 2017 | 28257438 |
| a cost-effective anaerobic culture method & its comparison with a standard method. | twenty six anaerobes were recovered from 150 deep-seated abscess samples cultured by the proposed two-step combustion-modified candle-jar system and anoxomat. the degree of growth and colony size were similar in both systems, except for clostridium difficile. the modified candle-jar system was found to be a sensitive and cost-effective alternative that might be used in resource-limited settings. | 2016 | 28256472 |
| updates on clostridium difficile spore biology. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic spore former, and an important nosocomial pathogenic bacterium. c. difficile spores are the morphotype of transmission and recurrence of the disease. the formation of c. difficile spores and their subsequent germination are essential processes during the infection. recent in vitro and in vivo work has shed light on how spores are formed and the timing of in vivo sporulation in a mouse model. advances have also been made in our understanding of ... | 2017 | 28254263 |
| are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens? | in a survey of 5 hospitals, we found that floors in patient rooms were frequently contaminated with pathogens and high-touch objects such as blood pressure cuffs and call buttons were often in contact with the floor. contact with objects on floors frequently resulted in transfer of pathogens to hands. | 2017 | 28254251 |
| quantification of small gtpase glucosylation by clostridial glucosylating toxins using multiplexed mrm analysis. | large clostridial toxins (lct) mono-o-glucosylate small gtpases of the rho and ras subfamily. as a result of the glucosylation the gtpases are inhibited and thereby corresponding downstream signaling pathways are disturbed. current methods for quantifying the extent of glucosylation include sequential [(14) c]glucosylation, sequential [(32) p]adp-ribosylation and western blot detection of non-glucosylated gtpases, with neither method allowing the quantification of the extent of glucosylation of ... | 2017 | 28252257 |
| risk factors and clinical outcome of clostridium difficile infection in patients with ibd:a chinese single-center retrospective study of 260 cases. | clostridium difficile infection(cdi) may lead to poor outcome in inflammatory bowel disease(ibd) patients. this study was designed to investigate the cumulative incidence, risk factors, and outcome of cdi in patients with ibd in one chinese single center. | 2017 | 28251812 |
| real-time electronic tracking of diarrheal episodes and laxative therapy enables verification of clostridium difficile clinical testing criteria and reduction of clostridium difficile infection rates. | background. health care-onset healthcare facility associated clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) is overdiagnosed for several reasons including the high prevalence of c. difficile colonization and the inability of hospitals to limit testing to patients with clinically-significant diarrhea.methods. we conducted a quasi-experimental study from june 22, 2015, to june 30, 2016, on consecutive inpatients with c. difficile orders at an academic hospital. real-time electronic patient data tracking ... | 2017 | 28250001 |
| disease-associated changes in bile acid profiles and links to altered gut microbiota. | the gastrointestinal microbiota plays a central role in the host metabolism of bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, which generate unconjugated free bile acids and secondary bile acids respectively. these microbially generated bile acids are particularly potent signalling molecules that interact with host bile acid receptors (including the farnesoid x receptor, vitamin d receptor and tgr5 receptor) to trigger cellular responses that play essential roles in host lipid m ... | 2017 | 28249284 |
| predictors of hospital readmissions for ulcerative colitis in the united states: a national database study. | early readmissions are important indicators of quality of care. limited data exist describing hospital readmissions in ulcerative colitis (uc). the aim of this study was to describe unplanned, 30-day readmissions among adult uc patients and to assess readmission predictors. | 2017 | 28248734 |
| the antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the united states. | beginning with the discovery of penicillin by alexander fleming in the late 1920s, antibiotics have revolutionized the field of medicine. they have saved millions of lives each year, alleviated pain and suffering, and have even been used prophylactically for the prevention of infectious diseases. however, we have now reached a crisis where many antibiotics are no longer effective against even the simplest infections. such infections often result in an increased number of hospitalizations, more t ... | 2017 | 28246379 |
| fradiamine a, a new siderophore from the deep-sea actinomycete streptomyces fradiae mm456m-mf7. | new bioactive substances were identified from several marine actinomycetes strains by lc-hresi-ms based non-targeted metabolomics. a new siderophore and its derivative, named fradiamines a and b, were isolated from the extract of the deep-sea actinomycetes streptomyces fradiae mm456m-mf7 by diaion chp-20p, sephadex lh-20 column chromatography and hplc. fradiamine a was a new compound, but fradiamine b was previously patented as a sweetness enhancer. their structures were determined by nmr and lc ... | 2017 | 28246378 |
| clostridium difficile infection among us emergency department patients with diarrhea and no vomiting. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection has increased and has been observed among persons from the community who have not been exposed to antibiotics or health care settings. our aims are to determine prevalence of c difficile infection among emergency department (ed) patients with diarrhea and the prevalence among patients without traditional risk factors. | 2017 | 28242058 |
| management of a cluster of clostridium difficile infections among patients with osteoarticular infections. | here we describe a cluster of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections (cdi) among 26 patients with osteoarticular infections. the aim of the study was to define the source of c. difficile and to evaluate the impact of general infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of cdi. | 2017 | 28239451 |
| rapid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract infections due to parasites, viruses, and bacteria. | rapid diagnostic techniques are valuable tools in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections, especially for the detection of some microorganisms and in certain groups of patients. while antigen detection techniques are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories, for the diagnosis of viruses, some parasites and some bacteria, molecular techniques are routinely used only for some pathogens (such as clostridium difficile). however, molecular techniques are constantly evolving, and they al ... | 2017 | 28238506 |
| development of a non-radiolabeled glucosyltransferase activity assay for c. difficile toxin a and b using ultra performance liquid chromatography. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis-associated death in the united states. the major virulent factors of c. difficile are toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb). toxicity is mediated by the glucosyltransferase domains on tcda and tcdb wherein a glucose is transferred from udp-glucose to ras homolog family member a (rhoa) receptor. this modification results in disruption of critical cell signaling events. vaccination against these toxins is considered the best ... | 2017 | 28238427 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of clostridium difficile strains circulating in the australian healthcare setting in 2012. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has risen in prominence in australia recently. we conducted laboratory-based surveillance of cdi to examine c. difficile circulating in australia in october/november 2012. we collected 542 isolates from all states and territories of australia except the northern territory. the most common ribotypes (rts) were rts 014/020 (25.5%), 002 (10.5%), 056 (5.9%) and 070 (4.2%). the survey results were compared with results from a similar australian survey conducted i ... | 2017 | 28237369 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation]. | the human intestinal microbiome has important metabolic and immunological functions for the host and is part of the defense against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. antibiotics, probiotics, dietary measures, such as prebiotics, and the relatively newly established method of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt, also known as fecal microbiome transfer) all influence the intestinal microbiome. the fmt procedure comprises the transmission of fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into t ... | 2017 | 28235986 |
| proteome mining for the identification and in-silico characterization of putative drug targets of multi-drug resistant clostridium difficile strain 630. | clostridium difficile is an enteric pathogen that causes approximately 20% to 30% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. in recent years, there has been a substantial rise in the rate of c. difficile infections as well as the emergence of virulent and antibiotic resistant c. difficile strains. so, there is an urgent need for the identification of therapeutic potential targets and development of new drugs for the treatment and prevention of c. difficile infections. in the current study, we used a hyb ... | 2017 | 28235560 |
| [microbiome and gut inflammation]. | in the past decade the gut microbiome has received scientific attention like few other topics. it has become increasingly apparent that the commensal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host. changes of the microbiota composition or function coincide with different disorders such as infectious (i. e. clostridium difficile infection) or inflammatory bowel diseases like crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. although the significance of this observation has not yet ... | 2017 | 28235226 |
| medical versus surgical patients with clostridium difficile infection: is there any difference? | severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) varies from one patient to another. we aimed to test the hypothesis that surgical patients would suffer more severe cdis than medical patients. patients receiving in-hospital medical or surgical treatment for any underlying disease from 2007 to 2012, who developed cdi, were divided into two groups: "medical group" and "surgical group." demographics, disease characteristics, and outcomes including mortality and recurrence were compared. of 3231 pa ... | 2016 | 28234177 |
| acquisition and retention of clostridium difficile by musca domestica larvae and pupae during metamorphosis. | transfer of clostridium difficile by musca domestica has been demonstrated, revealing their potential for disseminating infection in the hospital environment. | 2017 | 28233578 |
| the safety of appropriate use of over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors: an evidence-based review and delphi consensus. | the availability of over-the-counter (otc) proton pump inhibitors (ppis) for the short-term (2 weeks) management of frequent heartburn (≥2 days/week) has increased markedly, yet evidence-based recommendations have not been developed. a panel of nine international experts in gastroesophageal reflux disease developed consensus statements regarding the risks and benefits of otc ppis using a modified delphi process. consensus (based on ≥80% approval) was reached through multiple rounds of remote vot ... | 2017 | 28233274 |
| epitopes and mechanism of action of the clostridium difficile toxin a-neutralizing antibody actoxumab. | the exotoxins toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) are produced by the bacterial pathogen clostridium difficile and are responsible for the pathology associated with c. difficile infection (cdi). the antitoxin antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab bind to and neutralize tcda and tcdb, respectively. bezlotoxumab was recently approved by the fda for reducing the recurrence of cdi. we have previously shown that a single molecule of bezlotoxumab binds to two distinct epitopes within the tcdb combined r ... | 2017 | 28232034 |
| [liver disease, gastrointestinal complications, nutritional management and feeding disorders in pediatric cystic fibrosis]. | in cystic fibrosis (cf), approximately 5-8% of the patients develop multilobular cirrhosis during the first decade of life. annual screening (clinical examination, liver biochemistry, ultrasonography) is recommended in order to identify early signs of liver involvement, initiate ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and detect complications (portal hypertension and liver failure). management should focus on nutrition and prevention of variceal bleeding. the gut may also be involved in children with cf. g ... | 2016 | 28231889 |
| evaluation of risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | the primary objective was to determine the impact of hematologic malignancies and/or conditioning regimens on the risk of developing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). secondary objectives were to determine if traditional cdi risk factors applied to patients undergoing hsct and to determine the presence of cdi markers of severity of illness among this patient population. | 2017 | 28226419 |
| isolation of clostridium difficile and molecular detection of binary and a/b toxins in faeces of dogs. | the aim of this study was to isolate clostridium difficile from dogs' faeces, and to study the frequency of its virulence genes. a total of 151 samples of dogs' faeces were collected. the isolation of c. difficile was performed by using the bacterial culture methods followed by dna extraction using boiling method. multiplex pcr method was performed for identification of tcda, tcdb, cdta and cdtb genes and single method was carried out for detection of tcdc. twelve samples (7.9%) were positive in ... | 2016 | 28224013 |
| impact of humic acids on the colonic microbiome in healthy volunteers. | to test the effects of humic acids on innate microbial communities of the colon. | 2017 | 28223733 |
| role of the leukocyte response in normal and immunocompromised host after clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in the united states. clinically, c. difficile-associated disease can present as asymptomatic colonization, self-limited diarrheal illness or severe colitis (that may result in death). this variability in disease course and outcomes suggests that host factors play an important role as key determinants of disease severity. currently, there are several scoring indices to estimate severity of c. difficile-associated dise ... | 2017 | 28223256 |
| comparative performance study of six commercial molecular assays for rapid detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile. | rapid and accurate detection of clostridium difficile in stool affects patient treatment and containment efforts. detection of c. difficile toxin genes using nucleic acid amplification techniques (naat) is part of a multistep algorithm. our objective was to directly compare the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of six commercial c. difficile naat. | 2017 | 28223147 |
| thermal resistance of clostridium difficile spores in peptone water and pork meat. | the thermal resistance of four strains of clostridium difficile spores (three hypervirulent and one nonhypervirulent) in peptone water (pw) and pork meat was evaluated individually at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90°c using two recovery methods (taurocholate and lysozyme). pw or meat was inoculated with c. difficile spores and mixed to obtain ca. 5.0 log cfu/ml or 4.0 log cfu/g, respectively. the d-values of c. difficile spores in pw ranged from 7.07 to 22.14 h, 1.42 to 3.82 h, 0.35 to 0.59 h, 4.93 to 5. ... | 2016 | 28221931 |
| predictors of hospital readmissions for ulcerative colitis in the united states: a national database study. | early readmissions are important indicators of quality of care. limited data exist describing hospital readmissions in ulcerative colitis (uc). the aim of this study was to describe unplanned, 30-day readmissions among adult uc patients and to assess readmission predictors. | 2017 | 28221246 |
| toxin-positive clostridium difficile latently infect mouse colonies and protect against highly pathogenic c. difficile. | clostridium difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium and a leading cause of antibiotic-associated disease. the ability of c. difficile to form spores and infect antibiotic-treated persons at low multiplicity of infection (moi) underlies its large disease burden. however, c. difficile-induced disease might also result from long-harboured c. difficile that blooms in individuals administered antibiotics. | 2017 | 28219893 |
| the use of a computerized provider order entry alert to decrease rates of clostridium difficile testing in young pediatric patients. | background infants and young children are frequently colonized with c. difficile but rarely have symptomatic disease. however, c. difficile testing remains prevalent in this age group. objective to design a computerized provider order entry (cpoe) alert to decrease testing for c. difficile in young children and infants. design an interventional age-targeted before-after trial with comparison group setting monroe carell jr. children's hospital at vanderbilt university, nashville, tennessee. patie ... | 2017 | 28219462 |
| novel insight from computational virtual screening depict the binding potential of selected phytotherapeutics against probable drug targets of clostridium difficile. | this study explores computational screening and molecular docking approaches to screen novel herbal therapeutics against probable drug targets of clostridium difficile. the essential genes were predicted by comparative genome analysis of c. difficile and best homologous organisms using blast search at database of essential genes (deg). the functions of these genes in various metabolic pathways were predicted and some of these genes were considered as potential targets. three major proteins were ... | 2017 | 28217823 |
| impact of tigecycline versus other antibiotics on the fecal metabolome and on colonization resistance to clostridium difficile in mice. | the glycylcycline antibiotic tigecycline may have a relatively low propensity to promote clostridium difficile infection in part because it causes less disruption of the indigenous intestinal microbiota than other broad-spectrum antibiotics. we used a mouse model to compare the effects of tigecycline versus other commonly used antibiotics on colonization resistance to c. difficile and on the metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiota. | 2017 | 28217763 |
| effect of tcdr mutation on sporulation in the epidemic clostridium difficile strain r20291. | clostridium difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen and the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. antibiotic use is the primary risk factor for the development of c. difficile-associated disease because it disrupts normally protective gut flora and enables c. difficile to colonize the colon. c. difficile damages host tissue by secreting toxins and disseminates by forming spores. the toxin-encoding genes, tcda and tcdb, are part of a pathogenicity locus, which also includes the tcdr ... | 2017 | 28217744 |
| a clostridioides difficile bacteriophage genome encodes functional binary toxin-associated genes. | pathogenic clostridia typically produce toxins as virulence factors which cause severe diseases in both humans and animals. whereas many clostridia like e.g., clostridium perfringens, clostridium botulinum or clostridium tetani were shown to contain toxin-encoding plasmids, only toxin genes located on the chromosome were detected in clostridioides difficile so far. in this study, we determined, annotated, and analyzed the complete genome of the bacteriophage phisemix9p1 using single-molecule rea ... | 2017 | 28216103 |
| occurrence of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in hospitals of silesia, poland. | clostridium difficile is an important healthcare-associated pathogen, responsible for a broad spectrum of diarrheal diseases. the aim of this prospective study was to determine the occurrence of c. difficile infection (cdi), to characterize cultured c. difficile strains and to investigate the association of fecal lactoferrin with cdi. between january 2013 and june 2014, 148 stool samples were obtained from adult diarrheal patients (c. difficile as a suspected pathogen) hospitalized in different ... | 2017 | 28216085 |
| a ten-year review of total hospital onset intensive care unit bloodstream infections at an academic medical center. | the rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (clabsis) in united states intensive care units (icu) have decreased significantly, and a parallel reduction in the rates of total hospital onset bacteremias in these units should also be expected. we report 10-year trends for total hospital onset icu-associated bacteremias at a tertiary care academic medical center. | 2017 | 28215789 |
| clostridium difficile infection in acute flares of inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and has been associated with poor ibd outcome. the aims of our study were to look for predictive factors of cdi in patients hospitalized for ibd flare and to evaluate a rapid testing strategy in this population. | 2017 | 28215602 |
| identification of highly specific diversity-oriented synthesis-derived inhibitors of clostridium difficile. | in 2013, the centers for disease control highlighted clostridium difficile as an urgent threat for antibiotic-resistant infections, in part due to the emergence of highly virulent fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. limited therapeutic options currently exist, many of which result in disease relapse. we sought to identify molecules specifically targeting c. difficile in high-throughput screens of our diversity-oriented synthesis compound collection. we identified two scaffolds with apparently nov ... | 2017 | 28215073 |
| structural and functional insights into corrinoid iron-sulfur protein from human pathogen clostridium difficile. | the human pathogen clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most important healthcare-associated infections. the wood-ljungdahl pathway, which is responsible for acetyl-coa biosynthesis, is essential for the survival of the pathogen and is absent in humans. the key proteins and enzymes involved in the pathway are attractive targets for the treatment of cdi. corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (cofesp) is a key protein and acts as a methyl transformer in the wood-ljungdahl pathway. in this s ... | 2017 | 28214753 |
| rna-based control mechanisms of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile (cd)-associated diarrhoea is currently the most prevalent nosocomial diarrhoea worldwide. many characteristics of cd pathogenicity remain poorly understood. recent data strongly indicate the importance of an rna network for the control of gene expression in cd. more than 200 regulatory rnas have been identified by deep sequencing and targeted approaches, including hfq-dependent trans riboregulators, cis-antisense rnas, crispr rnas, and c-di-gmp-responsive riboswitches. thes ... | 2017 | 28214735 |
| [adult immunisation: general points, hot topics and perspectives]. | vaccination in immunocompetent adult mainly concerns booster vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, polio and pertussis. some chronic diseases may also require the achievement of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. in addition, from the age of 65, annual influenza vaccination as well as one dose of a live attenuated shingles vaccine between 64 and 75 years are recommended. immunocompromised adults, due to the increased risk of serious infections responsible of significant morbidity and mortal ... | 2017 | 28214181 |
| protective antibodies against clostridium difficile are present in intravenous immunoglobulin and are retained in humans following its administration. | the prevalence of serum antibodies against clostridium difficile (cd) toxins a and b in healthy populations have prompted interest in evaluating the therapeutic activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in individuals experiencing severe or recurrent c. difficile infection (cdi). despite some promising case reports, a definitive clinical role for ivig in cdi remains unclear. contradictory results may be attributed to a lack of consensus regarding optimal dose, timing of administration and pa ... | 2017 | 28213939 |
| clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. | the problem of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has reached epidemic proportions, particularly in industrialized nations. the pathophysiology, disease course and the potential complications are well appreciated in the general hospitalized patient. however, when cdi occurs in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), a number of distinct differences in the diagnosis and clinical management of the infection in this population should be appreciated by gastroenterologists, hospitalists a ... | 2017 | 28210836 |
| the daniel k. inouye college of pharmacy scripts: updates on clostridium difficile infection: advances in laboratory testing to aid diagnosis and treatment. | clostridium difficile remains a major source of nosocomial infections and associated diarrhea. more recently, community-acquired cases are on the rise creating a concern for a serious public health threat. appropriate infection control precautions as well as prevention and optimal management may help to avoid detrimental outbreaks. a key step is utilizing laboratory testing for quick and accurate diagnosis of potential cases. this overview article describes clostridium difficile infection contro ... | 2017 | 28210531 |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28209679 | |
| making life difficult for clostridium difficile: augmenting the pathogen's metabolic model with transcriptomic and codon usage data for better therapeutic target characterization. | clostridium difficile is a bacterium which can infect various animal species, including humans. infection with this bacterium is a leading healthcare-associated illness. a better understanding of this organism and the relationship between its genotype and phenotype is essential to the search for an effective treatment. genome-scale metabolic models contain all known biochemical reactions of a microorganism and can be used to investigate this relationship. | 2017 | 28209199 |
| the wide spectrum high biocidal potency of bioxy formulation when dissolved in water at different concentrations. | traditional surface disinfectants that have long been applied in medicine, animal husbandry, manufacturing and institutions are inconvenient at best and dangerous at worst. moreover, some of these substances have adverse environmental impacts: for example, quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are reproductive toxicants in both fish and mammals. halogens are corrosive both to metals and living tissues, are highly reactive, can be readily neutralized by metals, and react with organic matter to ... | 2017 | 28207828 |
| systematic review with meta-analysis: the impact of clostridium difficile infection on the short- and long-term risks of colectomy in inflammatory bowel disease. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is associated with increased mortality in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), but the risk of colectomy is variable and has not been adequately studied. | 2017 | 28206678 |
| the risk for clostridium difficile colitis during hospitalization in asymptomatic carriers. | 2017 | 28202190 | |
| hospital discharge abstracts have limited accuracy in identifying occurrence of clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. | hospital discharge databases are used to study the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) among hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). cdi in ibd is increasingly important and accurately estimating its occurrence is critical in understanding its comorbidity. there are limited data on the reliability of the international classification of diseases 10th revision (icd-10) (now widely used in north america) cdi code in determining occurrence of cdi among hospita ... | 2017 | 28199401 |
| the alternative sigma factor σ(b) plays a crucial role in adaptive strategies of clostridium difficile during gut infection. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of diarrhoea associated with antibiotherapy. exposed to stresses in the gut, c. difficile can survive by inducing protection, detoxification and repair systems. in several firmicutes, most of these systems are controlled by the general stress response involving σ(b) . in this work, we studied the role of σ(b) in the physiopathology of c. difficile. we showed that the survival of the sigb mutant during the stationary phase was reduced. using a transcriptome ... | 2017 | 28198085 |
| overview of management of acute renal failure and its evaluation; a case analysis. | the annual incidence is about 150 per million in the uk, but this figure is six times greater in the >80 years old group. prerenal azotemia is considered as the most serious reason in community or hospital acquired acute renal failure (arf). a 67-year-old middle age male was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of generalized weakness, volume depletion and dysuria. he has treated with metronidazole for diarrhoea caused by clostridium difficile considered as the precipitating factor fo ... | 2015 | 28197469 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: is there a role in the eradication of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae intestinal carriage? | the authors present the case of a 66-year-old woman with four hospitalizations due to recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) non responsive to vancomycin and fidaxomicin. furthermore, intestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) was identified after a positive stool culture in a screening routinely performed in our center in patients recently hospitalized. | 2017 | 28196423 |
| successful resolution of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using freeze-dried, encapsulated fecal microbiota; pragmatic cohort study. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is increasingly being used for treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (r-cdi) that cannot be cured with antibiotics alone. in addition, fmt is being investigated for a variety of indications where restoration or restructuring of the gut microbial community is hypothesized to be beneficial. we sought to develop a stable, freeze-dried encapsulated preparation of standardized fecal microbiota that can be used for fmt with ease and convenience i ... | 2017 | 28195180 |
| successful therapy of clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea and represents an important burden for healthcare worldwide. symptoms of severe cdi include watery, foul-smelling diarrhea, peripheral leucocytosis, increased c-reactive protein (crp), acute renal failure, hypotension and pseudomembranous colitis. recent studies indicate that the main cause of cdi is dysbiosis, an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. the restoration of a healthy gut microbiota composition vi ... | 2016 | 28195066 |
| cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a novel nadp(+)-dependent 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from clostridium difficile and its application for the oxidation of bile acids. | a gene encoding a novel 7α-specific nadp(+)-dependent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from clostridium difficile was cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli. the enzyme was purified using an n-terminal hexa-his-tag and biochemically characterized. the optimum temperature is at 60°c, but the enzyme is inactivated at this temperature with a half-life time of 5min. contrary to other known 7α-hsdhs, for example from clostridium sardiniense or e. coli, the enzyme from c. difficile does n ... | 2017 | 28193327 |
| evaluation of two novel chemiluminescence immunoassays for the detection of clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin a&b. | a novel immunoassay for clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and toxin a&b (liaison, diasorin) was compared to another gdh assay (alere), pcr and toxigenic culture. the gdh-diasorin is slightly more sensitive than the gdh-alere. sensitivity of the toxin-diasorin test is in accordance to the sensitivity of other immunoassays in literature. | 2017 | 28192156 |
| timely use of probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis. | systematic reviews have provided evidence for the efficacy of probiotics in preventing clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but guidelines do not recommend probiotic use for prevention of cdi. we performed an updated systematic review to help guide clinical practice. | 2017 | 28192108 |
| improvement of infection control management by routine molecular evaluation of pathogen clusters. | undetected pathogen clusters can often be a source of spreading in-hospital infections. unfortunately, detection of clusters can be problematic because epidemiological connection is not always easily established. infection prevention and control (ipc) measures, however, are most effective when applied at the earliest possible stage. | 2017 | 28189284 |