Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| relative importance of ixodes ricinus and ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti in field vole (microtus agrestis) populations. | the importance of ixodes ricinus in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is well recognized in the united kingdom and across europe. however, the role of coexisting ixodes species, such as the widely distributed species ixodes trianguliceps, as alternative vectors for these pathogens has received little attention. this study aimed to assess the relative importance of i. ricinus and i. trianguliceps in the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti among united kingdom fiel ... | 2008 | 18820068 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks: a preliminary survey of central italy. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, affects several species of wild and domesticated mammals, including horses. in this work we compared direct and indirect methods to evaluate a. phagocytophilum presence in central italy: 135 sera were screened by ifa for a. phagocytophilum and other haemopathogens (theileria equi and babesia caballi). each horse was also tested for a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna with a nested-pcr technique. in order to examine the risk of ... | 2010 | 18805584 |
| detection of tick-borne pathogens by masstag polymerase chain reaction. | masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a platform that enables microbe detection using primers labeled through a photocleavable link with tags that vary in molecular weight. after multiplex pcr, tags are released by ultraviolet irradiation and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. the identification of a microbe in a sample is determined by its cognate tags. here we describe establishment and implementation of a masstag pcr panel for surveillance of microbes implicated in tick-vectored infectious d ... | 2009 | 18800864 |
| cyclic variation in lambs infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2008 | 18791211 | |
| meta-analysis of coinfection and coexposure with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ixodes ricinus-complex ticks. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, and borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, are transmitted in multiple holarctic regions by the same ixodes sp. tick vectors and maintained in sylvatic cycles with the same rodent reservoirs. coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum appears to be common, yet the pathologic mechanisms and ecology remain poorly understood compared with single-agent in ... | 2008 | 18789001 |
| clinical features of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in 18 naturally infected dogs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (cga), is a gram-negative intracellular organism transmitted by ixodid ticks. thus far, only a few clinical studies evaluating dogs with cga have been published. | 2008 | 18783353 |
| pcr-based survey of anaplasma phagocytophilum in portuguese ticks (acari: ixodidae). | a total of two-thousand and six ticks, collected from 2002 to 2006 in areas belonging to seven districts of mainland portugal and also in madeira island, were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum. active infections were detected exclusively in ixodes species, including six questing i. ricinus nymphs from madeira island, one questing i. ventalloi nymph from setúbal district, and two i. ventalloi adults found parasitizing domestic cats in both s ... | 2008 | 18781886 |
| duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale. | anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale are rickettsial pathogens responsible for acute disease and mild infections, respectively, in cattle herds. a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with probes labeled with different fluorophores was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of a. marginale and a. centrale dna in bovine blood samples. the assay was able to detect as few as 10(1) and 10(2) dna copies for a. marginale and a. centrale, respectively, with opti ... | 2008 | 18776093 |
| laboratory maintenance of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), an emerging and potentially deadly disease in the united states, europe, and asia. a. phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that displays a unique tropism for neutrophils. studying this fascinating organism not only provides insight into microbial invasion and intracellular survival strategies, but also offers a unique approach to understanding neutroph ... | 2005 | 18770564 |
| laboratory maintenance of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis and recovery of organisms for molecular biology and proteomics studies. | tick-borne illnesses are emerging as a major concern for human health in recent years. these include the human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by the amblyomma americanum tick-transmitted bacterium, ehrlichia chaffeensis; human ewingii ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ewingii (also transmitted by a. americanum ticks); and human granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by the ixodes scapularis tick-transmitted pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum. likewise, tick-borne rickettsial pathogens are also a major ... | 2008 | 18770537 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum increases cathepsin l activity, thereby globally influencing neutrophil function. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an unusual obligate intracellular pathogen that persists in neutrophils. a. phagocytophilum increases the binding of a repressor, ccaat displacement protein (cdp), to the gp91(phox) promoter, thereby diminishing the host oxidative burst. we now show that a. phagocytophilum infection also enhances the binding of cdp to the promoters of human neutrophil peptide 1 and c/ebpepsilon--molecules important for neutrophil defense ... | 2008 | 18765732 |
| evaluation of sequential coinfection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale in cattle. | to determine whether sequelae of infection differed among single versus double infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum or anaplasma marginale, with and without tick salivary extract, in cattle. | 2008 | 18764690 |
| prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in questing adult ticks from northern spain. | a total of 691 questing adult ixodid ticks of the genera ixodes, haemaphysalis, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, borrelia spp., and spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. ticks were collected by blanket dragging during 2 sampling years (2003-2005) in 10 recreational areas in the basque country (northern spain). adult ticks were collected every month of the ye ... | 2008 | 18759563 |
| [microorganisms of the order rickettsiales in taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus sch.) from the pre-ural region]. | the pcr and sequence analysis revealed dna ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. in the i. persulcatus ticks and blood samples from a patients with acute febrile illness occurring after a tick bite, registered in the seasonal peak of the tick activity of one of the highly endemic areas of russia (perm region). these data confirmed the validity a diagnosis of hme and hga, which were made earlier on the basis of the clinical-serologic survey. in 10.0% of the tested taiga ... | 2008 | 18756787 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis. | tick-borne infections have been recognized in the united states for more than a century. patients who present with nonspecific fever after exposure to ticks should be evaluated by clinical examination and routine laboratory testing to determine if the illness is potentially a tick-borne infection. this article focuses on the diagnosis and management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2008 | 18755383 |
| development of a mathematical model for mechanical transmission of trypanosomes and other pathogens of cattle transmitted by tabanids. | mechanical transmission of pathogens by biting insects is a non-specific phenomenon in which pathogens are transmitted from the blood of an infected host to another host during interrupted feeding of the insects. a large range of pathogens can be mechanically transmitted, e.g. hemoparasites, bacteria and viruses. some pathogens are almost exclusively mechanically transmitted, while others are also cyclically transmitted. for agents transmitted both cyclically and mechanically (mixed transmission ... | 2009 | 18755195 |
| molecular detection of babesia rossi and hepatozoon sp. in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in south africa. | blood specimens from wild dogs (n=301) were obtained from de wildt cheetah and wildlife centre (pretoria) and five game reserves (4 in the north-west province and 1 in limpopo province), south africa. specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon and ehrlichia/anaplasma species using pcr and reverse line blot (rlb) assays. positive results were obtained in 18 (6%) wild dogs. sixteen specimens were found positive for babesia rossi and two dogs were hepatozoon sp. positive. it appears ... | 2008 | 18752897 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in patients with a history of tick bite in central slovakia. | the aim of this study was to determine the risks of human anaplasmosis in an area of central slovakia endemic for lyme borreliosis. the circulation of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks and wild animals has been observed in natural foci in this area for several years. samples of human sera from patients with lyme borreliosis and persons with a history of recent tick bite and clinical symptoms indicating lyme borreliosis were collected in central slovakia. a total of 76 human sera were analyzed u ... | 2008 | 18726669 |
| microbial pathogens in ticks, rodents and a shrew in northern gyeonggi-do near the dmz, korea. | a total of 1,618 ticks [420 individual (adults) and pooled (larvae and nymphs) samples], 369 rodents (apodemus agrarius, rattus norvegicus, tscherskia triton, mus musculus, and myodes regulus), and 34 shrews (crocidura lasiura) that were collected in northern gyeonggi-do near the demilitarized zone (dmz) of korea during 2004-2005, were assayed by pcr for selected zoonotic pathogens. from a total of 420 individual and pooled tick dna samples, anaplasma (a.) phagocytophilum (16), a. platys (16), e ... | 2008 | 18716449 |
| evaluation of squirrels (rodentia: sciuridae) as ecologically significant hosts for anaplasma phagocytophilum in california. | granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga), caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum, is a potentially fatal, emerging rickettsial disease of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. the purpose of this study was to determine whether sciurids from multiple areas of northern california were infested with ticks or exposed to or infected with a. phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and indirect-fluorescent antibody (ifa) serology. sciurids of nine different tree- and ground-dwelling species were ass ... | 2008 | 18714881 |
| evidence of the importance of host habitat use in predicting the dilution effect of wild boar for deer exposure to anaplasma spp. | foci of tick-borne pathogens occur at fine spatial scales, and depend upon a complex arrangement of factors involving climate, host abundance and landscape composition. it has been proposed that the presence of hosts that support tick feeding but not pathogen multiplication may dilute the transmission of the pathogen. however, models need to consider the spatial component to adequately explain how hosts, ticks and pathogens are distributed into the landscape. in this study, a novel, lattice-deri ... | 2008 | 18714379 |
| pcr-based detection of blood parasites in cattle and adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | to ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in zambia, an epidemiological survey of theileria parva, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed sanga cattle was conducted using pcr. of the 71 native zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for t. parva, 16 (22.5%) for b. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for a. marginale. the mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for t. parva/b. bigemina, t. parva/a. marginale, b. big ... | 2009 | 18700182 |
| first report of bovine anaplasmosis by anaplasma centrale in europe, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. | 2008 | 18696245 | |
| canine vector-borne diseases in brazil. | abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ... | 2008 | 18691408 |
| evidence of multiple zoonotic agents in a wild rodent community in the eastern sierra nevada. | this study aimed to describe the occurrence of yersinia pestis, rickettsia rickettsii, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ectoparasites in a wild rodent community in the eastern sierra nevada. from may to september 2006, rodents were live-trapped, examined for ectoparasites, and blood was collected. all rodents were serologically tested for antibodies to y. pestis, r. rickettsii, and a. phagocytophilum; in addition, blood samples and ectoparasites were tested by pcr to detect the presence of these z ... | 2008 | 18689664 |
| a novel clinical syndrome and detection of anaplasma ovis in mongolian reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | the tsaatan (or dhuka) peoples of northern-western mongolia are one of the few remaining reindeer-herding cultural groups in the world. recently a disease condition that involves sudden death of reindeer and cases involving fever, lethargy, and pale mucous membranes has been reported. examination of blood smears collected in the 2005 field season resulted in the identification of intra-erythrocytic inclusions resembling anaplasma spp. in smears from clinically sick animals. using universal polym ... | 2008 | 18689641 |
| whole genome transcription profiling of anaplasma phagocytophilum in human and tick host cells by tiling array analysis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging tick-borne disease. ap alternately infects ticks and mammals and a variety of cell types within each. understanding the biology behind such versatile cellular parasitism may be derived through the use of tiling microarrays to establish high resolution, genome-wide transcription profiles of the organism as it infects cell lines representative of its life cycle (tick; ... | 2008 | 18671858 |
| distribution and application of elisa for the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in central equatoria state, sudan. | this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale antibodies among naturally infected cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three locations (khor rumla, nyaing and gumbo) were selected and surveyed every 3 months during the period from january to december 2005. six cattle herds in the three locations were visited four times during the study peri ... | 2008 | 18666971 |
| co-phylogenetic analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its vectors, ixodes spp. ticks. | the coevolutionary history of ixodes spp. ticks, the obligately tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum, and its various rodent reservoir hosts world-wide is not known. according to coevolution theory, the most recently evolved of tick-bacterial complexes could have difficulty maintaining a. phagocytophilum in nature, because transmissibility has not been efficiently maximized. this study was intended to examine the phylogeographic history of i. ricinus-subgroup ticks and a ... | 2008 | 18648997 |
| potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records. | ticks are often infected with more than one pathogen, and several field surveys have documented nonrandom levels of coinfection. levels of coinfection by pathogens in four tick species were analyzed using published infection data. coinfection patterns of pathogens in field-collected ticks include numerous cases of higher or lower levels of coinfection than would be expected due to chance alone, but the vast majority of these cases can be explained on the basis of vertebrate host associations of ... | 2008 | 18648996 |
| differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in sheep infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum infects a wide variety of host species and causes the diseases tick-borne fever (tbf) in ruminants and granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, horses and dogs. tbf in sheep has become one of the more prevalent tick-borne diseases in some regions of europe. a. phagocytophilum infection modifies host gene expression and immune response. the objective of this research was to characterize differential gene expression in sheep experimentally and naturally infected with a. phago ... | 2008 | 18640728 |
| serum cardiac troponin i concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs. | 2008 | 18638021 |
| coinfection with four genera of bacteria (borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia) in haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis ticks from china. | we studied coinfection with four genera of bacteria--borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia--in ticks collected between december 2005 and november 2006 from zhejiang province and liaoning province. four hundred fifty haemaphysalis longicornis and 86 ixodes sinensis ticks were collected and divided into 236 groups. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or nested pcr was used to detect the bacteria. the amplicons were sequenced and compared to published sequences. phylogenic analysis was perform ... | 2008 | 18637722 |
| projected effects of climate change on tick phenology and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the north american tick ixodes scapularis. | ixodes scapularis is the principal tick vector of the lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi and other tick-borne zoonoses in northeastern north america. the degree of seasonal synchrony of nymphal and larval ticks may be important in influencing the basic reproductive number of the pathogens transmitted by i. scapularis. because the seasonal phenology of tick vectors is partly controlled by ambient temperature, climate and climate change could shape the population biology of tick-borne pat ... | 2008 | 18634803 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting tver province (russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are tick-borne infectious diseases caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, respectively. in this study, p44/msp2 paralogues specific to a. phagocytophilum and 5s-23s rrna gene-intergenic spacers specific to b. burgdorferi sensu lato species were detected by pcr in ticks collected in two regions, tver (kalinin) and konakovo, of the tver (kalinin) province located 150 km north-west of moscow. t ... | 2008 | 18628500 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-induced gene expression in both human neutrophils and hl-60 cells. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), the etiologic agent of the tick-borne disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular pathogen unique in its ability to target and replicate within neutrophils. we define and compare the spectra of host gene expression in response to ap infection of human neutrophils and of hl-60 cells using long (70-mer)-oligonucleotide array technology. in addition to apoptosis-related genes, genes involved in signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, ... | 2008 | 18603403 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the msp1a and msp1b recombinant proteins from pr1 anaplasma marginale strain, brazil. | the anaplasma marginale is a bacterium that has obligate intraerythrocytic multiplication in cattle causing important economic loss. the a. marginale major surface protein 1 (msp1) complex, heterodimer composed of msp1a and msp1b, has been identified as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. the objectives of this study were to sequences the msp1beta gene and produce and characterize recombinant msp1a and msp1b from a brazilian strain of a. marginale, pr1. the msp1alpha and msp1beta genes from the pr ... | 2009 | 18603273 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in small mammal hosts of ixodes ticks, western united states. | a total of 2,121 small mammals in california were assessed for anaplasma phagocytophilum from 2006 through 2008. odds ratios were >1 for 4 sciurids species and dusky-footed woodrats. high seroprevalence was observed in northern sites. ten tick species were identified. heavily infested rodent species included meadow voles, woodrats, deer mice, and redwood chipmunks. | 2008 | 18598645 |
| serological reactivity to ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, neorickettsia risticii, borrelia burgdorferi and rickettsia conorii in dogs from northwestern spain. | the aim of the present work was to investigate the seroprevalence against ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), neorickettsia risticii (nr), rickettsia conorii (rc), and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) in two different clusters of canine samples from northwestern spain. cluster 1 included 479 dogs presented at veterinary clinics located in ourense and pontevedra. cluster ii included 170 dogs from the public kennel of ourense. all 649 canine serum samples were analyzed by immunofluoresc ... | 2008 | 18597660 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick bm95 immunogenic peptides on escherichia coli. | the surface display of heterologous proteins on live escherichia coli using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has impacted on many areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (msp1a) contains n-terminal surface-exposed repeated peptides (28-289 amino acids) that are involved in pathogen interaction with host cell receptors and is surface-displayed when the recombinant protein is expressed in e. coli. therefore, it was ... | 2008 | 18582976 |
| clinical features associated with seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in african cattle under natural tick challenge. | a longitudinal study was conducted in southeast uganda for 14 months on 640 zebu cattle kept under natural tick challenge, with a view to identifying clinical features for prediction of seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections. physical examination, condition scoring and tick counts were undertaken on all cattle every 4 weeks. in addition, 5300 sera were collected and analysed for antibodies against a. marginale, b. bigemina and t. parva infections u ... | 2008 | 18579313 |
| tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir host. | strain superinfection affects the dynamics of epidemiological spread of pathogens through a host population. superinfection has recently been shown to occur for two genetically distinct strains of the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale that encode distinctly different surface protein variants. superinfected animals could serve as a reservoir for onward transmission of both strains if the tick vector is capable of acquiring and transmitting both strains. whether competition among strains dur ... | 2008 | 18573892 |
| cloning, sequencing and antigenic characterization of rvirb9 of anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterium, causes bovine anaplasmosis responsible for significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. various major outer membranes have been described, and virb9, a type iv secretion system protein, has been recently indicated as a candidate in vaccine development against anaplasmosis. the virb9 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paraná, brazil, was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced; its cloning into the petsum ... | 2008 | 18561379 |
| studies on correlations among parasitaemia and some hemolytic indices in two tropical diseases (theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in fars province of iran. | this study was carried out in two observational clinical studies. study 1 comprised 50 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by theileria annulata. infected animals were divided into 4 subgroups with different parasitaemia (<1%, 1-3%, 3-5% and >5%). study 2 comprised 20 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by anaplasma marginale. infected animals were divided into 3 subgroups with different parasitaemia (<10%, 10-20% and 20-30%). in study 1, a significant negative correlation (p<0.001) ... | 2008 | 18551778 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, francisella tularensis and their co-infections in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks collected in serbia. | to evaluate the prevalence rate of tick-borne bacterial pathogens, unfed adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from vegetation in 2001, 2003, and 2004 at 18 localities throughout serbia. a total of 287 ticks were examined by pcr technique for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and francisella tularensis. the highest prevalence rate was that for b. burgdorferi sensu lato (42.5%), followed by a. phagocytophilum (13.9%) and f. tularensis (3.8%). the pres ... | 2008 | 18551370 |
| divergence within the marker region of the groesl operon in anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite in human and animal granulocytes. in europe, a. phagocytophilum is transmitted by ixodes ticks; ixodes ricinus is the vector of the parasite in poland. in terms of epidemiology, the identification of pathogens in ticks increasingly relies on molecular techniques. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with species-specific primers is a tool that allows the quick and accurate detection of pathogens in ticks, humans, or animals. dn ... | 2008 | 18551326 |
| rhabdomyolysis associated with anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a horse. | 2008 | 18537881 | |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a child. | this is the first case of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection described in cyprus. a 9-year-old girl was infected after a tick-bite. the infection was diagnosed by molecular-based detection of the bacterium in 2 blood samples. the polymerase chain reaction product was sequenced, revealing a novel strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2008 | 18536621 |
| silencing expression of the defensin, varisin, in male dermacentor variabilis by rna interference results in reduced anaplasma marginale infections. | antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, are components of the innate immune system in ticks that have been shown to provide protection against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. varisin, one of the defensins identified in dermacentor variabilis, was shown to be produced primarily in hemocytes but transcript levels were also expressed in midguts and other tick cells. in this research, we studied the role of varisin in the immunity of ticks to the gram-negative cattle pathogen, an ... | 2008 | 18523848 |
| advances toward understanding the molecular biology of the anaplasma-tick interface. | the genus anaplasma includes a diverse group of tick-borne pathogens found exclusively within membrane-bound vacuoles in host cells. while a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis, vectored by dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks, are host-specific for ruminants, a. phagocytophilum, vectored by ixodes spp., infects a wide range of hosts. in ticks anaplasma undergoes a developmental cycle that is coordinated with the tick feeding cycle. although research at the tick/anaplasma interface is in its infa ... | 2008 | 18508714 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ixodes ricinus, bavaria, germany. | anaplasma phagocytophilum dna was detected by real-time pcr, which targeted the msp2 gene, in 2.9% of questing ixodes ricinus ticks (adults and nymphs; n = 2,862), collected systematically from selected locations in bavaria, germany, in 2006. prevalence was significantly higher in urban public parks in munich than in natural forests. | 2008 | 18507918 |
| rickettsial seroepidemiology among farm workers, tianjin, people's republic of china. | high seroprevalence rates for anaplasma phagocytophilum (8.8%), coxiella burnetii (6.4%), bartonella henselae (9.6%), and rickettsia typhi (4.1%) in 365 farm workers near tianjin, people's republic of china, suggest that human infections with these zoonotic bacteria are frequent and largely unrecognized. demographic features of seropositive persons suggest distinct epidemiology, ecology, and risks. | 2008 | 18507907 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in south africa. | a total of 1,138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000-2006) from domestic dogs in south africa. specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah) in pretoria, the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (johannesburg, durban, east london and bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (gauteng, mpumalanga, kwazulu-natal and western cape). all specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon an ... | 2008 | 18502588 |
| induced immune response of dna vaccine encoding an association msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 antigens of anaplasma marginale. | the outer membrane proteins of anaplasma marginale have been the focus of research to obtain an improved vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. we evaluated the capacity of the recombinant plasmids pcdna-msp1alpha, pcdna-msp1beta, and pcdna-mp5 to express msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 proteins, and to determine the immunogenicity of balb/c mice immunized with these plasmids individually or in association. expression of proteins was confirmed in vero cells by ifa. the combination of recombinant plasmids s ... | 2008 | 18502005 |
| in situ detection of anaplasma spp. by dna target-primed rolling-circle amplification of a padlock probe and intracellular colocalization with immunofluorescently labeled host cell von willebrand factor. | endothelial cell culture and preliminary immunofluorescent staining of anaplasma-infected tissues suggest that endothelial cells may be an in vivo nidus of mammalian infection. to investigate endothelial cells and other potentially cryptic sites of anaplasma sp. infection in mammalian tissues, a sensitive and specific isothermal in situ technique to detect localized anaplasma gene sequences by using rolling-circle amplification of circularizable, linear, oligonucleotide probes (padlock probes) w ... | 2008 | 18495855 |
| molecular identification of anaplasma marginale and rickettsial endosymbionts in blood-sucking flies (diptera: tabanidae, muscidae) and hard ticks (acari: ixodidae). | in an attempt to identify the main vector and possible transmission routes of anaplasma spp. in a region of hungary with high prevalence of ovine and bovine anaplasmosis, dna was extracted from 316 haematophagous arthropods (individually or in pools), including 4 species of ixodid ticks, 6 species of tabanid flies and hornflies. midichloria-like organisms were identified with pcr (amplifying a portion of the 16s rrna gene) and sequencing from dermacentor marginatus and ixodes ricinus. significan ... | 2008 | 18495345 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum psgl-1-independent infection does not require syk and leads to less efficient anka delivery. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils to cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and mammals. p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1) and the tetrasaccharide sialyl lewis x (sle(x)), which caps the psgl-1 n-terminus, are confirmed a. phagocytophilum receptors. a. phagocytophilum is capable of sle(x)-modified psgl-1-dependent and -independent infection. psgl-1 n-terminus-mediated entry is dependent on spleen tyrosine kinase (syk). here, we d ... | 2008 | 18485118 |
| productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in australia. | tick fever is an important disease of cattle where rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus acts as a vector for the three causal organisms babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale. bos indicus cattle and their crosses are more resistant to the clinical effects of infection with b. bovis and b. bigemina than are bos taurus cattle. resistance is not complete, however, and herds of b. indicus-cross cattle are still at risk of babesiosis in environments where exposure to b. bovis is light ... | 2008 | 18472219 |
| a newly discovered anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in rodents from southeastern china. | anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 13 (14.1%) of 92 rodents captured from a mountainous area of zhejiang province in southeastern china. the nucleotide sequences of 1442-bp, nearly entire 16s rrna gene amplified from these rodents, had 100% identity, but varied from all known corresponding sequences of a. phagocytophilum deposited in genbank. to further identify and classify the variant, fragments of 357-bp partial citrate synthase gene (glta), 849-bp major su ... | 2008 | 18471056 |
| detection of anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum from cattle on yonaguni island, okinawa, japan. | dna fragments of anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in cattle on yonaguni island, okinawa, japan. although the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these pathogens have not yet been clarified, this is the first detection of their presence in cattle from japan. | 2008 | 18468796 |
| detection of borrelia lusitaniae, rickettsia sp. irs3, rickettsia monacensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus collected in madeira island, portugal. | a total of 300 ixodes ricinus ticks were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., and anaplasma phagocytophilum. sequence analysis demonstrated 8 (2.7%) ticks infected with b. lusitaniae, 60 (20%) with rickettsia spp., and 1 (0.3%) with a. phagocytophilum. seven (2.3%) ticks were coinfected with b. lusitaniae and rickettsia spp., 2 (0.6%) with r. monacensis, and 5 (1.7%) with rickettsia sp. irs3. the results of this study suggest simultaneous ... | 2008 | 18454598 |
| experimental and field studies on the suitability of raccoons (procyon lotor) as hosts for tick-borne pathogens. | we investigated the experimental susceptibility and natural exposure of raccoons (procyon lotor) to five tick-borne pathogens of human and veterinary importance, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, anaplasma phagocytophilum (apvariant 1 and ap-ha hge-1 strains), and borrelia lonestari. infections were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing, and/or culture isolation methods for at least 30 days postinoculation (dpi). two e. chaffeensis-in ... | 2008 | 18429696 |
| predicting the emergence of tick-borne infections based on climatic changes in korea. | granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga) and monocytic ehrlichiosis (me) are maintained in wild rodent reservoirs and tick vectors in the republic of korea. this study investigated the prevalence of 2 tick-borne pathogens, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis, in wild rodents and ticks in central korea to identify any significant associations with existing or changing climatic conditions. specifically, the goal of this study was to develop simple models for the probability of occurrence of ... | 2008 | 18429692 |
| igg and igg2 antibodies from cattle naturally infected with anaplasma marginale recognize the recombinant vaccine candidate antigens virb9, virb10, and elongation factor-tu. | anaplasma marginale is an important vector-borne rickettsia of ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. immunization with purified outer membranes of this organism induces protection against acute anaplasmosis. previous studies, with proteomic and genomic approach identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to previously characterized major surface protein1a-5 (msp1a-5). among the newly described proteins were virb9, virb10, and elongation factor-tu ... | 2008 | 18425271 |
| enhanced spatial models for predicting the geographic distributions of tick-borne pathogens. | disease maps are used increasingly in the health sciences, with applications ranging from the diagnosis of individual cases to regional and global assessments of public health. however, data on the distributions of emerging infectious diseases are often available from only a limited number of samples. we compared several spatial modelling approaches for predicting the geographic distributions of two tick-borne pathogens: ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichi ... | 2008 | 18412972 |
| emerging pathogens: challenges and successes of molecular diagnostics. | more than 50 emerging and reemerging pathogens have been identified during the last 40 years. until 1992 when the institute of medicine issued a report that defined emerging infectious diseases, medicine had been complacent about such infectious diseases despite the alarm bells of infections with human immunodeficiency virus. molecular tools have proven useful in discovering and characterizing emerging viruses and bacteria such as sin nombre virus (hantaviral pulmonary syndrome), hepatitis c vir ... | 2008 | 18403608 |
| infection and co-infection rates of anaplasma phagocytophilum variants, babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial endosymbiont in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from sites in indiana, maine, pennsylvania, and wisconsin. | in total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for five microbial species: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, babesia odocoilei, borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial i. scapularis endosymbiont. identities of genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16s dna. in 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. in ... | 2008 | 18402145 |
| larvae of chigger mites neotrombicula spp. (acari: trombiculidae) exhibited borrelia but no anaplasma infections: a field study including birds from the czech carpathians as hosts of chiggers. | chigger mites were collected from 1,080 wild birds of 37 species at certak (czech republic), in the western carpathian mountains, from 29 july to 24 september 2005. the prevalence of infestation with chigger larvae was 7%. a total of 325 chigger specimens from 10 bird species was identified and three chigger species were found: neotrombicula autumnalis, n. carpathica, and n. inopinata, the latter two species being reported on new hosts. neotrombicula carpathica is reported in the czech republic ... | 2008 | 18401688 |
| concomitant infection of cattle with the vaccine strain anaplasma marginale ss centrale and field strains of a. marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, the intraerythrocytic rickettsia, is controlled by vaccination with live anaplasma marginale ss centrale (a. centrale), a subspecies of relatively low pathogenicity. we have experimentally demonstrated that an animal primarily infected with a. marginale, or with the related vaccine subspecies a. centrale can be infected with the heterologous subspecies, and carries both bacteria. the co-infection was detected in experimentally cross-infected ca ... | 2008 | 18387757 |
| succinate dehydrogenase gene arrangement and expression in anaplasma phagocytophilum. | dna sequencing of the region directly downstream of the anaplasma phagocytophilum (strain mrk) 16s rrna gene identified homologues of sdhc and sdhd; however, further sequencing by gene walking failed to identify additional sdh gene homologues. the sequence downstream of sdhd identified a partial gene, pep1, predicted to encode a protein >35.3 kda with 26.3% identity to a hypothetical ehrlichia canis protein with no known function. the recently completed sequence of the a. phagocytophilum genome ... | 2008 | 18378408 |
| dynamic transmission of numerous anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes among lambs in an infected sheep flock in an area of anaplasmosis endemicity. | the transmission dynamics of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains circulating within juvenile members of a sheep flock grazing on an ixodes ricinus-infested pasture in southern norway were monitored. pcr-based detection of the bacterial p44 fragments in the blood of 16 lambs sampled weekly for 16 weeks following their release into pasture revealed rickettsemia in all animals, with an increasing proportion of infected animals as the survey progressed. comparison of partial msp4 sequences obtained fr ... | 2008 | 18367562 |
| application of 10% imidacloprid/50% permethrin to prevent ehrlichia canis exposure in dogs under natural conditions. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) caused by ehrlichia canis is the most known canine tick-borne disease (tbd) spread throughout the world. preventing tick bites is a priority to reduce the risk of tbds and it was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% (imper) (advantix; bayer ag, germany) in a spot-on formulation to control cme under field conditions. on january-march 2005, 845 dogs from two kennels in southern italy (kenne ... | 2008 | 18359166 |
| a sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite. | current prophylaxis for infected tick bites consists of personal protective measures directed towards ticks. this study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of doxycycline with that of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline in a model of lyme borreliosis and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. dosages of doxycycline were equilibrated based on previously determined peak plasma levels in mice [oral, 2.4 microg (ml plasma)(-1); sustained release, 1.9 microg (ml plasma)(-1)] det ... | 2008 | 18349366 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infects cells of the megakaryocytic lineage through sialylated ligands but fails to alter platelet production. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that principally inhabits neutrophils. however, infection with a. phagocytophilum results in a moderate to marked thrombocytopenia. in host neutrophils, a. phagocytophilum uses sialylated ligands, primarily p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1), to enter its host cell. psgl-1 is expressed on a wide array of haematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes. in this study, it was hypothesized that (i) cells of the megakary ... | 2008 | 18349358 |
| the importance of early treatment with doxycycline in human ehrlichiosis. | human ehrlichiosis is a serious disease that can be fatal if not treated appropriately. we examined patients with a clinical presentation consistent with the syndrome of ehrlichiosis and a positive blood polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for all known ehrlichia species or anaplasma phagocytophilum admitted to barnes-jewish hospital in st. louis, mo, from 1996 to 2006. patients who had doxycycline initiated within the first 24 hours of admission to the hospital were compared with patients who ... | 2008 | 18344803 |
| prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia afzelii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in hard ticks removed from dogs in warsaw (central poland). | the purposes of this study were to specify the occurrence and prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks removed from dogs in warsaw, and to determine the borrelia species occurring in ixodes ricinus ticks. among 590 collected ticks, 209 were identified as i. ricinus, and 381 as dermacentor reticulatus. dna of b. canis was detected in 11% of d. reticulatus ticks. we found that 6.2% of i. ricinus ticks harbored b. burgdorferi s.l. specific ... | 2008 | 18328630 |
| parasitic infections in dairy cattle around hanoi, northern vietnam. | in northern vietnam, dairy cattle are mainly managed in small-scale farms, where animals are kept confined and feeding occurs by cut and carry methods. in the present study the occurrence of parasitic infections was examined in five provinces around hanoi. a total of 201 farms were visited, and 334 stool and 239 blood samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months, animals between 3 and 24 months and adult cows. furthermore, 254 milk samples were collected from lactating animals. copro ... | 2008 | 18328629 |
| composition of the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunization. | surface proteins of tick-borne, intracellular bacterial pathogens mediate functions essential for invasion and colonization. consequently, the surface proteome of these organisms is specifically relevant from two biological perspectives, induction of protective immunity in the mammalian host and understanding the transition from the mammalian host to the tick vector. in this study, the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen, was targeted by using surface-s ... | 2008 | 18316389 |
| detection of anaplasma dna in ixodes ricinus ticks: pitfalls. | a total of 150 nymphal ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) (acari: ixodidae) from the czech republic were examined for anaplasma phagocytophilum (foggie, 1949) dumler et al., 2001 by pcr using ehr521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%). however, sequencing of the pcr products did not show complete homology with a. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "candidatus ehrlichia walkefii". the results indicate a need for care in interpretation ... | 2007 | 18303773 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia species in dogs from minnesota. | a population of 731 naturally exposed pet dogs examined at a private practice in baxter, minnesota, an area endemic for lyme disease and anaplasmosis, was tested by serological and molecular methods for evidence of exposure to or infection with selected vector-borne pathogens. serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia canis antibodies and for dirofilaria immitis antigen. blood samples from 273 dogs we ... | 2008 | 18302532 |
| a serosurvey of anaplasma phagocytophilum in blood donors in crete, greece. | 2008 | 18293019 | |
| bartonella dna in the blood and lymph nodes of golden retrievers with lymphoma and in healthy controls. | although lymphoma is the most common neoplastic process reported in dogs, its precise etiology is unknown. golden retrievers are more likely to develop lymphoma, suggesting a breed predisposition; however, other factors, including environment, immunity, and infection, are likely contributors to oncogenesis. | 2008 | 18289294 |
| infectious diseases of dogs and cats on isabela island, galapagos. | vaccination and importation of dogs and cats are prohibited in the galapagos, resulting in a uniquely isolated population. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that impact their health, could spill over to native wildlife, or sentinel diseases of concern to humans. | 2008 | 18289290 |
| culture, isolation, and labeling of anaplasma phagocytophilum for subsequent infection of human neutrophils. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, a tick-borne, zoonotic, emerging infectious disease. a. phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular pathogen that primarily resides within membrane-bound, cytoplasmic vacuoles of host neutrophils. closely related to ehrlichial and rickettsial organisms, a. phagocytophilum is a small, fragile, gram-negative bacterium that presents unique challenges for culture, isolation, enumeration, and labeling. this chapter deline ... | 2008 | 18287755 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2(p44)-18 predominates and is modified into multiple isoforms in human myeloid cells. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. msp2(p44), the bacterium's major surface protein, is encoded by a paralogous gene family and has been implicated in a variety of pathobiological processes, including antigenic variation, host adaptation, adhesion, porin activity, and structural integrity. the consensus among several studies performed at the dna and rna levels is that a heterogeneous mix of a limited number of msp2(p44) transcripts is expressed b ... | 2008 | 18285495 |
| comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) by dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine (diptera: muscidae). | mechanical transmission ofanaplasma marginale by horse flies (tabanidae) is thought to be epidemiologically significant in some areas of the united states. we compared the relative efficiencies of mechanical transmission of anaplasma marginale by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine, during acute infection (approximately 10(7) to approximately 10(9) infected erythrocytes [ie]/ml blood) with biological transmission by dermacentor andersoni stiles in the persistent phase of infection (approxi ... | 2008 | 18283950 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in horses in the netherlands. | 2008 | 18281631 | |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| host-seeking behavior of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in relation to environmental parameters in dense-woodland and woodland-grass habitats. | in the far-western united states, the bacteria that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, bb) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ap) are transmitted by the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). in a dense woodland, human behaviors involving contact with wood were recently found to pose greater risk for encountering i. pacificus nymphs than behaviors entailing exclusive exposure to leaf litter. a four-year follow-up study was undertaken in the same woodlan ... | 2007 | 18260527 |
| co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland. | ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ... | 2007 | 18260514 |
| superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens. | a new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. this model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which genetic drift creates antigenically distinct strains that can spread through host populations despite the presence of immunity against previous strains. whether this selection model for new strains applies to complex pathogens responsible for endemic persistent infections, such as anaplasmosis, relapsing ... | 2008 | 18252822 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in israel. | sequences from the anaplasma phagocytophilum 16s rrna gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus turanicus, and boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in mount carmel, israel. the sequences were all identical to those of ap-variant 1 strain. | 2007 | 18252125 |
| anaplasma platys in dogs, chile. | we conducted a 16s rrna nested pcr for the genus ehrlichia and ehrlichia spp. with blood samples from 30 ill dogs in chile. phylogenetic analysis was performed by using groesl gene amplification. we identified anaplasma platys as 1 of the etiologic agents of canine ehrlichiosis. | 2007 | 18252119 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16s rrna and anka genes. | a total of 684 ixodes ricinus ticks (321 nymphs, 184 males, and 179 females) were collected by flagging lower vegetation in 6 forest districts located on the territory of lublin province (eastern poland). ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dna with two pairs of primers: ehr521/ehr747 for detecting 16s rrna gene, and la6/la1 for detecting anka gene. to study the relationship between infection in ticks and people occupational ... | 2007 | 18247465 |
| role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of ixodes scapularis ticks and of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in canada. | during the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories in eastern canada to investigate the role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, ixodes scapularis. the prevalence of birds carrying i. scapularis ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.30 to 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested a more realistic infe ... | 2008 | 18245258 |
| high-throughput identification of t-lymphocyte antigens from anaplasma marginale expressed using in vitro transcription and translation. | the ability to rapidly screen a complex pathogen proteome for proteins that elicit recall t-lymphocyte responses from immune individuals would accelerate vaccine development. an outer membrane fraction of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity against infection and disease in cattle. we have used this immunization model to evaluate high-throughput screening of proteins expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (ivtt) for recognition by memory cd4(+) t- ... | 2008 | 18243240 |
| serologic and molecular characterization of tickborne pathogens in lions (panthera leo) from the fasano safari park, italy. | lions (panthera leo) are an endangered species threatened by illegal hunting, habitat loss, and infectious diseases. little is known about the tick-borne pathogens that infect lions and could contribute to population declines. the objective of this study was to characterize rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and coxiella burnetii infections in 10 lions from the fasano safari park in italy by serology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. although animals did not show clinic ... | 2007 | 18229868 |
| competitive exclusion between piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis agents within cattle. | 2008 | 18225951 | |
| zoonotic pathogens in ixodes scapularis, michigan. | 2007 | 18214207 |