Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| pic, an autotransporter protein secreted by different pathogens in the enterobacteriaceae family, is a potent mucus secretagogue. | a hallmark of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) infection is a formation of biofilm, which comprises a mucus layer with immersed bacteria in the intestines of patients. while studying the mucinolytic activity of pic in an in vivo system, rat ileal loops, we surprisingly found that eaec induced hypersecretion of mucus, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells. interestingly, an isogenic pic mutant (eaec δpic) was unable to cause this mucus hypers ... | 2010 | 20696826 |
| crystal structures of phd-doc, higa, and yeeu establish multiple evolutionary links between microbial growth-regulating toxin-antitoxin systems. | bacterial toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems serve a variety of physiological functions including regulation of cell growth and maintenance of foreign genetic elements. sequence analyses suggest that ta families are linked by complex evolutionary relationships reflecting likely swapping of functional domains between different ta families. our crystal structures of phd-doc from bacteriophage p1, the higa antitoxin from escherichia coli cft073, and yeeu of the yeeuwv systems from e. coli k12 and shigell ... | 2010 | 20696400 |
| etiology of diarrhea in older children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review. | diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all regions of the world and among all ages, yet little is known about the fraction of diarrhea episodes and deaths due to each pathogen. | 2010 | 20689809 |
| shigellosis update: advancing antibiotic resistance, investment empowered vaccine development, and green bananas. | shigella is the principal cause of clinical dysentery and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in impoverished regions. the purpose of this review is to present key findings in the areas of epidemiology, disease control, and treatment of shigellosis. | 2010 | 20689423 |
| hemolysin e (hlye, clya, shea) and related toxins. | certain strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri produce a pore-forming toxin hemolysin e (hlye), also known as cytolysin a (clya) and silent hemolysin, locus a (shea). hlye lyses erythrocytes and mammalian cells, forming transmembrane pores with a minimum internal diameter of-25 a. we review the current knowledge of hlye structure and function in its solution and pore forms, models for membrane insertion, its potential use in biotechnology applications and its rela ... | 2010 | 20687485 |
| antibiotic therapy for shigella dysentery. | shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. the antibiotics recommended are diverse, have regional differences in sensitivity, and have side effects. | 2010 | 20687081 |
| plasmid-mediated streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole resistance in shigella flexneri 3a. | shigellosis is a major cause of diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality, especially in children in developing countries such as india. recently, it was estimated that 91 million individuals worldwide contract shigellosis each year. the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains of shigella is now an emerging global health problem. during the past two decades, much attention was given to re-evaluation of treatment recommendations. in the present study, we investigated a clinical ... | 2010 | 20685089 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular analysis of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from human in tunisia. | during the period from 2006 to 2007, a total of 32 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica were isolated from diarrheagenic stool samples and further examined for their susceptibility to various antibiotics. sixteen of the human isolates were from the capital tunis, 11 were from sousse, four were from nabeul and one was from mahdia, tunisia. the isolates were serotyped and identified at the national centre of enteropathogenic bacteria, pasteur institute, tunis (centre national de salmonella, sh ... | 2010 | 20685046 |
| facile glycosylation strategy with two-stage activation of allyl glycosyl donors. application to concise synthesis of shigella flexneri serotype y o-antigen. | a practical, useful glycosylation method employing only allyl glycoside building blocks has been developed. the donor's glycosylation reactivity is turned on via isomerization of its anomeric allyl protecting group into the corresponding prop-1-enyl moiety. subsequent chemoselective activation with nis/tfoh achieves high yields in glycosidic bond construction at room temperature. the efficacy and efficiency of this approach in carbohydrate synthesis is demonstrated in the concise synthesis of th ... | 2010 | 20683518 |
| impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from europe and rural africa. | gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. in this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of european children (eu) and that of children from a rural african village of burkina faso (bf), where the diet, high in fiber content, is similar to that of early human settlements at the time of the birth of agriculture. by using high-throu ... | 2010 | 20679230 |
| control of coliform bacteria detected from diarrhea associated patients by extracts of moringa oleifera. | the aims of this study were to determine the total population of coliform bacteria in the samples collected from diarrhea associated patients from the local area of bangladesh and to examine the antibacterial efficacy of leaf extracts of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) against the isolated coliform bacteria. the coliform bacteria detected in these samples by some microbial-biochemical tests such as escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella sp., enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae and ... | 2010 | 20677603 |
| glycan encapsulated gold nanoparticles selectively inhibit shiga toxins 1 and 2. | shiga toxins (stx) released by escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysentriae cause life-threatening conditions that include hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), kidney failure, and neurological complications. cellular entry is mediated by the b-subunit of the ab(5) toxin, which recognizes cell surface glycolipids present in lipid raft-like structures. we developed gold glyconanoparticles that present a multivalent display similar to the cell surface glycolipids to compete for these toxins. these ... | 2010 | 20669970 |
| synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives containing substituted piperidines. | we report herein the synthesis of novel 7-(4-alkoxyimino-3-aminomethyl-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl) fluoroquinolone derivatives. the antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated and correlated with their physicochemical properties. results reveal that all of the target compounds have good potency in inhibiting the growth of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis including mrse (mic: 0.125-4 microg/ml). compounds 12, 13 are more potent than or comparable to lev ... | 2010 | 20667731 |
| prevalence of integrons in shigella sonnei from brazil. | 2010 | 20664608 | |
| convalescent cultures for control of shigellosis outbreaks. | a shigellosis outbreak in the st louis, missouri metropolitan area. | 2010 | 20661101 |
| in silico characterization of shikimate kinase of shigella flexneri: a potential drug target. | shigella flexneri is a major pathogen responsible for shigellosis causing massive morbidity among young population and imposes huge socio-economic burden. in this study, shikimate kinase (sk) from s. flexneri was characterized in silico and disordered regions were predicted. motifs and domains were calculated using computational tools. a three dimensional model of shikimate kinase of s.flexneri was constructed using shikimate kinase of e.coli (pdbid: 1kag_a) as template by comparative modeling a ... | 2010 | 20658341 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli, samonella, shigella and yersinia: cellular aspects of host-bacteria interactions in enteric diseases. | abstract: a successful infection of the human intestine by enteropathogenic bacteria depends on the ability of bacteria to attach and colonize the intestinal epithelium and, in some cases, to invade the host cell, survive intracellularly and disseminate from cell to cell. to accomplish these processes bacteria have evolved an arsenal of molecules that are mostly secreted by dedicated type iii secretion systems, and that interact with the host, subverting normal cellular functions. here we overvi ... | 2010 | 20649986 |
| antibacterial properties of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum occurring in bangladesh. | the antibacterial potential of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum l. (lamiaceae) was evaluated for controlling the growth range of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves and stems were analyzed by gc-ms. fifty-seven compounds representing 94.9 and 96.1% of the total leaf and stem oils, respectively, were identified, of which methyl chavicol (36.7 and 29.9%), gitoxigenin (9.3 and 10.2%), trimethoquinol (10.3 ... | 2010 | 20645791 |
| [structure of the oligosaccharide region (core) of the lipopolysaccharides of shigella flexneri types 2a and 5b]. | the full structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of bacteria shigella flexneri types 2a and 5b, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), was established by chemical methods, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. the structure of the o-antigen repeating unit and the configuration and position of the linkage between the o-antigen and the core were determined in the lipopolysaccharide of s. flexneri type 2a. | 2010 | 20644600 |
| photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by liposome-encapsulated water-soluble photosensitizers. | photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is an alternative method for killing bacterial cells in view of the increasing problem of multi-antibiotic resistance. we examined the effect of three water-soluble photosensitizers (phs): methylene blue (mb), neutral red (nr) and rose bengal (rb) on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. we compared the efficacy of phs in their free form and encapsulated in liposomal formulations against various bacterial strains, and determined conditions for the effe ... | 2010 | 20644595 |
| shiga toxin b subunits induce vwf secretion by human endothelial cells and thrombotic microangiopathy in adamts13-deficient mice. | diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (d+hus) is the most common cause of acute renal failure among children. renal damage in d+hus is caused by shiga toxin (stx), which is elaborated by shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, in north america principally e coli o157:h7. recent studies demonstrate that stx also induces von willebrand factor (vwf) secretion by human endothelial cells and causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disease with similarities to d+hus ... | 2010 | 20644116 |
| the omptins of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. | plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inactivate pai-1 by cleaving the r346-m347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. no cleavage of pai-1 was detected with yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pat ... | 2010 | 20639337 |
| prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea reduce growth and increase risk of persistent diarrhea in children. | prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea (prod; duration 7-13 days) or persistent diarrhea (pd; duration ≥14 days) are important causes of undernutrition, yet the epidemiology and nutritional impact of prod are poorly understood. | 2010 | 20638937 |
| evidence for alternative quaternary structure in a bacterial type iii secretion system chaperone. | type iii secretion systems are a common virulence mechanism in many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. these systems use a nanomachine resembling a molecular needle and syringe to provide an energized conduit for the translocation of effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm to the host cell cytoplasm for the benefit of the pathogen. prior to translocation specialized chaperones maintain proper effector protein conformation. the class ii chaperone, invasion plasmid gene (ipg) c, stabilizes ... | 2010 | 20633281 |
| reduced azithromycin susceptibility in shigella sonnei, united states. | to investigate azithromycin susceptibility in shigella sonnei in the united states, we examined the azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of outbreak and routine human s. sonnei isolates. isolate susceptibility clustered at 8 mg/l, but three isolates displayed higher mics (>64 mg/l) to azithromycin. all three isolates contained a plasmid-encoded mpha gene, known to encode a macrolide-2'-phosphotransferase enzyme. transformation of the mpha gene into escherichia coli dh10b allowe ... | 2010 | 20624094 |
| comparison of 61 sequenced escherichia coli genomes. | escherichia coli is an important component of the biosphere and is an ideal model for studies of processes involved in bacterial genome evolution. sixty-one publically available e. coli and shigella spp. sequenced genomes are compared, using basic methods to produce phylogenetic and proteomics trees, and to identify the pan- and core genomes of this set of sequenced strains. a hierarchical clustering of variable genes allowed clear separation of the strains into clusters, including known pathoty ... | 2010 | 20623278 |
| synthesis, structure and in vitro antibacterial activities of new hybrid disinfectants quaternary ammonium compounds: pyridinium and quinolinium stilbene benzenesulfonates. | the series of pyridinium (1-10) and quinolinium (11-20) stilbene benzenesulfonates have been synthesized and their structures were investigated by uv-vis, ft-ir and (1)h nmr spectroscopy. in addition, compound 5 was also determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction technique. the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria has been determined. the quinolinium derivatives exhibited two very potent characteristic activities, namely, ( ... | 2010 | 20619939 |
| production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus amylomyces rouxii strain ksu-09. | a fungal strain, ksu-09, isolated from the roots of date palm (phoenix dactylifera), was identified as amylomyces rouxii based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of its rrna genes. mycelia-free water extracts obtained from mycelium suspended in water for 72h facilitated the production of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical silver nanoparticles (agnps) in the size range of 5-27nm upon addition of 1mm silver nitrate, as determined by the xrd, afm and ... | 2010 | 20619641 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a shigella flexneri 2a invaplex 50 intranasal vaccine in adult volunteers. | shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide prompting vaccine development. the shigella flexneri invaplex 50 is a macromolecular complex containing ipab, ipac, and lps, formulated from an aqueous extract of virulent shigella delivered via nasal administration. preclinical vaccine testing demonstrated safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. an open-label dose-escalating phase 1 study evaluated a 3-dose (2-week intervals) regimen via nasal pipette delivery. thirty-two subjects were enrolled ... | 2010 | 20619378 |
| methods for monitoring trends in the incidence of foodborne diseases: foodborne diseases active surveillance network 1996-2008. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) is the principal foodborne disease component of the centers for disease control and prevention's emerging infections program. foodnet is a collaborative project among centers for disease control and prevention, emerging infections program sites, the u.s. department of agriculture, and the u.s. food and drug administration. one of foodnet's main objectives is to m ... | 2010 | 20617933 |
| isoprenoid metabolism as a therapeutic target in gram-negative pathogens. | gram-negative enterobacteria include a variety of human pathogens, perhaps most notably e. coli, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, and proteus. while there are treatment options for the diseases caused by these organisms, multi-drug resistance is often a problem and development of novel antibiotics has lagged over recent years. in humans, the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway has become a subject of intense research for therapeutic modulation of human enzymes in diseases including hypercholesterolem ... | 2010 | 20615187 |
| microbial contamination of raw meat and its environment in retail shops in karachi, pakistan. | this study was conducted to examine the frequency of contamination in retail meat available in karachi, pakistan. | 2010 | 20601790 |
| inhibition of shigella sonnei adherence to ht-29 cells by lactobacilli from chinese fermented food and preliminary characterization of s-layer protein involvement. | in this study, seven lactobacilli with a high degree of antagonistic activity against three pathogens and good adherence to ht-29 cells were selected. the ability of these seven lactobacilli to inhibit adhesion of shigella sonnei to intestinal mucosa was studied on cultured ht-29 cells. lactobacilli were added simultaneously with, before or after s. sonnei to test for their effectiveness in exclusion, competition and displacement assays, respectively. lactobacillus paracasei subp. paracasei m5-l ... | 2010 | 20600857 |
| enterocyte-like caco-2 cells as a model for in vitro studies of diarrhoeagenic providencia alcalifaciens invasion. | the entry of providencia alcalifaciens into the enterocyte-like cell line caco-2 compared to hep-2 was studied. of the 22 p. alcalifaciens strains, 13 and 21 were invasive for caco-2 and hep-2 cells, respectively. in contrast to hep-2 cells, p. alcalifaciens was internalised by caco-2 cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. tyrosine kinases play an important role in p. alcalifaciens uptake, also microfilaments and microtubules are engaged in this process. inhibition of endosome acidification by ... | 2010 | 20600792 |
| escape of intracellular shigella from autophagy requires binding to cholesterol through the type iii effector, icsb. | type iii secretion systems are present in many pathogenic bacteria and mediate the translocation of bacterial effectors into host cells. identification of host targets of these effectors is crucial for understanding bacterial virulence. icsb, a type iii secretion effector, helps shigella to evade the host autophagy defense system by binding to the autophagy protein, atg5. here, we show that icsb is able to interact specifically with cholesterol. the cholesterol binding domain (cbd) of icsb is lo ... | 2010 | 20599519 |
| probiotic administration effect on fecal mutagenicity and microflora in the goat's gut. | the application of potentially beneficial microorganisms to increase host defense is a new trend to increase health benefits. in this paper the first specific host probiotics for goats from a mixture isolated from healthy animals (lactobacillus reuteri ddl 19, lactobacillus alimentarius ddl 48, enterococcus faecium dde 39 and bifidobacterium bifidum ddba) was assayed. the effect of probiotic oral administration on goats' weight, gut microbiota, as well as on the production of mutagen compounds a ... | 2010 | 20598940 |
| cladophora in the great lakes: impacts on beach water quality and human health. | cladophora in the great lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli, enterococci, shigella, campylobacter, and salmonella to persist and potentially regrow in the presence of the algae. as a result of wind and wave action, these microorganisms can detach an ... | 2010 | 20595755 |
| progressivemauve: multiple genome alignment with gene gain, loss and rearrangement. | multiple genome alignment remains a challenging problem. effects of recombination including rearrangement, segmental duplication, gain, and loss can create a mosaic pattern of homology even among closely related organisms. | 2010 | 20593022 |
| bacterial pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea in uruguayan children. | diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of shigella, campylobacter, yersinia and salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. the aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine ... | 2010 | 20589332 |
| a pathoadaptive deletion in an enteroaggregative escherichia coli outbreak strain enhances virulence in a caenorhabditis elegans model. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) strains are important diarrheal pathogens. eaec strains are defined by their characteristic stacked-brick pattern of adherence to epithelial cells but show heterogeneous virulence and have different combinations of adhesin and toxin genes. pathoadaptive deletions in the lysine decarboxylase (cad) genes have been noted among hypervirulent e. coli subtypes of shigella and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. to test the hypothesis that cad deletions might account fo ... | 2010 | 20584976 |
| newer insights into the mechanism of action of psidium guajava l. leaves in infectious diarrhoea. | psidium guajava l., myrtaceae, is used widely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, stomachaches, and indigestion. however, the effect of the leaf extract of p. guajava on the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea has not been studied. the present study evaluates the effect of a hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried leaves of p. guajava on parameters associated with pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. the aim was to understand its possible mecha ... | 2010 | 20584265 |
| shigella-associated diarrhea in children in south jakarta, indonesia. | a surveillance of shigella infections was conducted on 612 children aged 0-12 years-old presenting with diarrhea to mampang and tebet community health centers in south jakarta, indonesia, during february 2005 through september 2007. shigella was isolated from 9.3% of diarrhea patients in the health centers. s.flexneri which was found in 5.9% of patients, and was the most frequent species isolated, comprising 63.2% (36/57) of all shigella species isolated. shigella species were found significantl ... | 2010 | 20578526 |
| sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in nyanza province, kenya. | investigate differences in the infectious aetiology, health seeking behaviour, and provider practices with regard to diarrhoeal illness among children presenting to urban versus rural clinics in western kenya. | 2009 | 20575313 |
| frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella species isolated in children medical center hospital, tehran, iran, 2001-2006. | appropriate antimicrobial treatment of shigellosis depends on identifying its changing resistance pattern over time. we evaluated 15,255 stool culture submitted from july 2001 to june 2006 to the laboratory of children medical center hospital. specimen culture, bacterial identification, and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to national committee for clinical laboratory standards guidelines. from 15,255 stool samples, 682 (4.5%) were positive for shigella species. the ... | 2010 | 20563441 |
| development of a serogroup-specific multiplex pcr assay to detect a set of escherichia coli serogroups based on the identification of their o-antigen gene clusters. | the escherichia coli serogroups o115, o126, o137, o158, o165, and o173 are pathogenic strains associated with diarrhea. molecular approaches such as pcr have been proven to be rapid, inexpensive, and accurate. the sequences of the o-antigen-processing genes wzx and wzy are specific for different o antigens and are generally used as the target genes for the detection and identification of e. coli strains belonging to different o serogroups. in this report, the o-antigen gene clusters of these 6 o ... | 2010 | 20561581 |
| generation of chitin-derived oligosaccharides toxic to pathogenic bacteria using chia74, an endochitinase native to bacillus thuringiensis. | to demonstrate that an endochitinase (chia74) native to bacillus thuringiensis can be used to generate chitin-derived oligosaccharides (ogs) with antibacterial activity against a number of aetiological agents of disease, including bacteria that cause diarrhoeal and emetic syndromes in humans. | 2010 | 20557451 |
| host factors required for modulation of phagosome biogenesis and proliferation of francisella tularensis within the cytosol. | francisella tularensis is a highly infectious facultative intracellular bacterium that can be transmitted between mammals by arthropod vectors. similar to many other intracellular bacteria that replicate within the cytosol, such as listeria, shigella, burkholderia, and rickettsia, the virulence of f. tularensis depends on its ability to modulate biogenesis of its phagosome and to escape into the host cell cytosol where it proliferates. recent studies have identified the f. tularensis genes requi ... | 2010 | 20552012 |
| agap2 regulates retrograde transport between early endosomes and the tgn. | the retrograde transport route links early endosomes and the tgn. several endogenous and exogenous cargo proteins use this pathway, one of which is the well-explored bacterial shiga toxin. adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) are approximately 20 kda gtp-binding proteins that are required for protein traffic at the level of the golgi complex and early endosomes. in this study, we expressed mutants and protein fragments that bind to arf-gtp to show that arf1, but not arf6 is required for transport of ... | 2010 | 20551179 |
| structures of the o-antigens of escherichia coli o13, o129, and o135 related to the o-antigens of shigella flexneri. | o-polysaccharides (o-antigens) were isolated from escherichia coli o13, o129, and o135 and studied by chemical analyses along with 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. they were found to possess a common -->2)-l-rha-(alpha1-->2)-l-rha-(alpha1-->3)-l-rha-(alpha1-->3)-d-glcnac-(beta1--> backbone, which is a characteristic structural motif of the o-polysaccharides of shigella flexneri types 1-5. in both the bacterial species, the backbone is decorated with lateral glucose residues or/and o-acetyl gr ... | 2010 | 20546712 |
| community perceptions of bloody diarrhoea in an urban slum in south asia: implications for introduction of a shigella vaccine. | understanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in dhaka, bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. between march and june 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. if a vaccine provided lifetime protection ... | 2011 | 20546637 |
| the sudden dominance of blactx-m harbouring plasmids in shigella spp. circulating in southern vietnam. | plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance in the enterobacteriaceae is a global problem. the rise of ctx-m class extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls) has been well documented in industrialized countries. vietnam is representative of a typical transitional middle income country where the spectrum of infectious diseases combined with the spread of drug resistance is shifting and bringing new healthcare challenges. | 2010 | 20544028 |
| an epidemiologic review of enteropathogens in gaborone, botswana: shifting patterns of resistance in an hiv endemic region. | the epidemiology of diarrheal disease in botswana, an hiv endemic region, is largely unknown. our primary objective was to characterize the prevalent bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens in gaborone, botswana. secondary objectives included determining corresponding antimicrobial resistance patterns and the value of stool white and red blood cells for predicting bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens. | 2010 | 20543877 |
| protein refolding is required for assembly of the type three secretion needle. | pathogenic gram-negative bacteria use a type three secretion system (ttss) to deliver virulence factors into host cells. although the order in which proteins incorporate into the growing ttss is well described, the underlying assembly mechanisms are still unclear. here we show that the ttss needle protomer refolds spontaneously to extend the needle from the distal end. we developed a functional mutant of the needle protomer from shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium to study its assembly ... | 2010 | 20543831 |
| immunochemical studies of shigella flexneri 2a and 6, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide-core fragments and their protein conjugates as vaccine candidates. | there is no licensed vaccine for the prevention of shigellosis. our approach to the development of a shigella vaccines is based on inducing serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of their lipopolysaccharides (lps). we have shown that low molecular mass o-sp-core (o-spc) fragments isolated from shigella sonnei lps conjugated to proteins induced significantly higher antibody levels in mice than the full length o-sp conjugates. this finding is now extended to the o-spc ... | 2010 | 20542498 |
| a novel anti-virulence gene revealed by proteomic analysis in shigella flexneri 2a. | abstract: | 2010 | 20540790 |
| prevalence of enterotoxins among escherichia coli isolates causing bacteraemia. | the most frequent cause of bacteraemia among gram-negative bacteria is escherichia coli. analysis of the genes encoding the shigella enterotoxin 1 (shet-1), shet-2, enteroaggregative heat stable toxin 1 (east-1) toxins and aggr factor in e. coli strains causing bacteraemia revealed that set1 genes were presented significantly more frequently among quinolone-susceptible strains (p<0.0001), in phylogenetic group b2 (p=0.0004) and in biofilm strains (p=0.02). in contrast, sen genes were significant ... | 2010 | 20529132 |
| frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in saudi arabia. | the frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among 270 paediatric patients (< 5 years of age) in various hospitals of makkah and jeddah cities of saudi arabia were investigated. | 2010 | 20527643 |
| emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india. | abstract: | 2010 | 20525383 |
| three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture. | campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ... | 2010 | 20519461 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of corc, a magnesium-ion transporter. | corc is a magnesium transporter that is involved in the mg(2+)-efflux function of the cora transporter system, an mg(2+) channel, from shigella flexneri. native corc was purified and crystallized in the native form and in a ligand-free form and diffraction data sets were collected to 2.9 and 3.4 a resolution, respectively. the native corc crystals belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 64.31, b = 74.44, c = 132.78 a. the ligand-free corc crystals belonged to space g ... | 2010 | 20516599 |
| emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in shigella isolated from andaman & nicobar islands, india. | 2010 | 20516546 | |
| isolation of bacteriocin-like substances producing bacteria from finished cattle-manure compost and activity evaluation against some food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. | a finished compost sample was examined for bacteriocin-like substance production against five pathogenic bacteria: salmonella typhimurium ef 85-9, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43888, enterococcus faecalis jcm 8726, staphylococcus aureus jcm 2151, and yersinia enterocolitica jcm 7577. at the preliminary detection of bacterial strains exhibiting antimicrobial activity from the compost sample, thirteen strains could be isolated. screening of the inhibitory activity was done using agar-well diffusi ... | 2010 | 20513963 |
| establishment of specific pathogen-free macaque colonies in tsukuba primate research center of japan for aids research. | cynomolgus monkeys have been maintained in indoor facilities as closed colony monkeys in tsukuba primate research center in japan since 1978. several microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, were eliminated from the cynomolgus monkeys in this colony of tprc. various kinds of viruses (b virus, measles virus, simian varicella virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, simian t cell leukemia virus, simian d type retrovirus, simian cytomegalovirus, simian epstein-barr virus, and simian ... | 2010 | 20510748 |
| ["autophagy and microorganisms": hotspots of a mini-symposium]. | 2010 | 20510155 | |
| [analysis on bacillary dysentery surveillance data collected from the national surveillance system in 2007.]. | to improve the national surveillance plan on bacillary dysentery and to increase the sensitivity of the surveillance system on the disease. | 2010 | 20510059 |
| induction of specific cd8 t cells against intracellular bacteria by cd8 t-cell-oriented immunization approaches. | for protection against intracellular bacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes, the cellular arm of adaptive immunity is necessary. a variety of immunization methods have been evaluated and are reported to induce specific cd8(+) t cells against intracellular bacterial infection. modified bcg vaccines have been examined to enhance cd8(+) t-cell responses. naked dna vaccination is a promising strategy to induce cd8(+) t cells. in addition to this strategy, live attenua ... | 2010 | 20508818 |
| the 33 carboxyl-terminal residues of spa40 orchestrate the multi-step assembly process of the type iii secretion needle complex in shigella flexneri. | the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) is a central virulence factor of many gram-negative bacteria. its overall morphology consists of a cytoplasmic region, inner- and outer-membrane sections and an extracellular needle. in shigella, the length of the needle is regulated by spa32. to understand better the role of spa32 we searched for its interacting partners using a two-hybrid screen in yeast. we found that spa32 interacts with the 33 c-terminal residues (cc*) of spa40, a member of the conser ... | 2010 | 20507885 |
| [antibacterial activity of recombinant thanatin expressed by e.coli er2566]. | to express antibacterial peptide thanatin in the prokaryotic expression system and test its antibacterial activity. | 2010 | 20501392 |
| foodborne illness: is it on the rise? | foodborne illness is a serious public health threat. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) estimates that 76 million foodborne illnesses, including 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, occur in the united states each year. two recently published foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) reports showed that salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, cryptosporidium, and shiga toxin escherichia coli (stec) o157 continue to be leading causes of both the number and inci ... | 2010 | 20500787 |
| antiviral and anti-inflammatory diterpenoids from the soft coral sinularia gyrosa. | chemical investigation of the soft coral sinularia gyrosa led to the purification of three new diterpenoids, designated as gyrosanols a-c (1-3). the structures of 1-3 were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiviral activity against hcmv with ic(50)'s of 2.6 and 3.7 microm, respectively. in addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the levels of the cox-2 protein (19.6 + or - 3.9% and 29.1 + or - 9.6%, res ... | 2010 | 20499851 |
| regulation of high-affinity iron acquisition homologues in the tsetse fly symbiont sodalis glossinidius. | sodalis glossinidius is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is a secondary symbiont of the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae). since studies with other facultative intracellular bacteria have shown that high-affinity iron acquisition genes are upregulated in vivo, we investigated the regulation of several sodalis genes that encode putative iron acquisition systems. these genes, sg1538 (hemt) and sg1516 (sita), are homologous to genes encoding periplasmic heme and iron/manganese transporter ... | 2010 | 20494987 |
| battle and balance at mucosal surfaces--the story of shigella and antimicrobial peptides. | shigella is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children in many developing countries. emergence of antibiotic-resistance among shigella demands the development of effective medicines. antimicrobial peptides (amps) are expressed in phagocytes and at epithelial surfaces and are important effector molecules of innate immunity. we have found that pathogens are able to turn off the endogenous expression of amps, resulting in serious infections such as shigellosis. a therapeutic rationale to ... | 2010 | 20494122 |
| violations identified from routine swimming pool inspections--selected states and counties, united states, 2008. | swimming is the third most popular u.s. sport or exercise activity, with approximately 314 million visits to recreational water venues, including treated venues (e.g., pools), each year. the most frequently reported type of recreational water illness (rwi) outbreak is gastroenteritis, the incidence of which is increasing. during 1997--2006, chlorine- and bromine-susceptible pathogens (e.g., shigella and norovirus) caused 24 (23%) of 104 treated venue--associated rwi outbreaks of gastroenteritis, ... | 2010 | 20489681 |
| [traveler's diarrhea, the most common health problem of travelers]. | bacteria cause 50 to 80% of travelers' diarrheic diseases. the most important pathogens include enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), campylobacteria, salmonellae and shigella. diarrheic viruses cause 5 to 25% and protozoa less than 10% of travelers' diarrheas. hand and food hygiene constitute the main preventive measures. treatment of traveler's diarrhea is based on rehydration therapy and rest. antimicrobial therapy is required only in cases with exceptionally severe symptoms. | 2010 | 20486490 |
| the type iii effectors nlee and nleb from enteropathogenic e. coli and ospz from shigella block nuclear translocation of nf-kappab p65. | many bacterial pathogens utilize a type iii secretion system to deliver multiple effector proteins into host cells. here we found that the type iii effectors, nlee from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) and ospz from shigella, blocked translocation of the p65 subunit of the transcription factor, nf-kappab, to the host cell nucleus. nf-kappab inhibition by nlee was associated with decreased il-8 expression in epec-infected intestinal epithelial cells. ectopically expressed nlee also blocked nuclear ... | 2010 | 20485572 |
| changing species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shigella over a 29-year period (1980-2008). | we studied changes in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella during 1980-2008, using the diarrhoeal diseases surveillance system of dhaka hospital of icddr,b. in hospitalized patients shigella prevalence decreased steadily from 8-12% in the 1980s to 3% in 2008. endemic s. flexneri was the most commonly isolated species (54%). epidemic s. dysenteriae type 1 had two peaks in 1984 and 1993, but was not found after 2000, except for one case in 2004. the therapeutic op ... | 2011 | 20478088 |
| cytoskeleton-modulating effectors of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli: a case for espb as an intrinsically less-ordered effector. | enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli produce various effector proteins that are directly injected into the host-cell cytosol through the type iii secretion system. e. coli secreted protein (esp)b is one such effector protein, and affects host-cell morphology by reorganizing actin networks. unlike most globular proteins that have well-ordered, rigid structures, the structures of type iii secretion system effectors from pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, including espb, are ofte ... | 2010 | 20477867 |
| a thermolabile substance of shigella dysenteriae shiga. | 1946 | 20475737 | |
| antioxidant, antibacterial and antigiardial activities of walsura robusta roxb. | walsura robusta roxb. (family: meliaceae) is a well-known multi-purpose medicinal plant, and has been employed for a wide range of disease conditions without documented scientific data. in the current study, four pure isolated compounds, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), turpinionoside a (2), (+)-lyoniresinol 3alpha-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3) and (-)-lyoniresinol 3alpha-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of w. robusta. biological evaluation f ... | 2010 | 20461627 |
| acid stress response in enteropathogenic gammaproteobacteria: an aptitude for survival. | enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli have acquired a wide array of acid stress response systems to counteract the extreme acidity encountered when invading the host's digestive or urinary tracts. these acid stress response systems are both enzyme and chaperone based. the 3 main enzyme-based acid resistance pathways are glutamate-, arginine-, and lysine-decarboxylase pathways. they are under a complex regulatory network allowing the bacteria to fine tune its response to the external environm ... | 2010 | 20453931 |
| carbon metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens and possible links to virulence. | new technologies such as high-throughput methods and 13c-isotopologue-profiling analysis are beginning to provide us with insight into the in vivo metabolism of microorganisms, especially in the host cell compartments that are colonized by intracellular bacterial pathogens. in this review, we discuss the recent progress made in determining the major carbon sources and metabolic pathways used by model intracellular bacterial pathogens that replicate either in the cytosol or in vacuoles of infecte ... | 2010 | 20453875 |
| mutagenesis and chemical cross-linking suggest that wzz dimer stability and oligomerization affect lipopolysaccharide o-antigen modal chain length control. | in shigella flexneri, the polysaccharide copolymerase (pcp) protein wzz(sf) confers a modal length of 10 to 17 repeat units (rus) to the o-antigen (oag) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps). pcps form oligomeric structures believed to be related to their function. to identify functionally important regions within wzz(sf), random in-frame linker mutagenesis was used to create mutants with 5-amino-acid insertions (termed wzz(i) proteins), and dna sequencing was used to locate the insertions. anal ... | 2010 | 20453100 |
| screening of antibacterial potentials of some medicinal plants from melghat forest in india. | cyperus rotundus, caesalpinia bonducella, tinospora cordifolia, gardenia gummifera, ailanthus excelsa, acacia arabica, embelia ribes and ventilago maderspatana from melghat forest were screened for their antibacterial potential against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, salmonella paratyphi, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes by disc diffusion method. out of these medicinal pla ... | 2009 | 20448847 |
| the role of sura factor in outer membrane protein transport and virulence. | the escherichia coli periplasmic chaperone and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (ppiase) sura is a major factor in the biogenesis of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (omps) and as such plays an integral role in cell envelope homeostasis and cell envelope functions. recently, the biological importance of sura was further substantiated by the finding that sura also affects pathogenicity, being required for full virulence of uropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella spp. moreover, given the ... | 2010 | 20447864 |
| genome-wide analysis of the h-ns and sfh regulatory networks in salmonella typhimurium identifies a plasmid-encoded transcription silencing mechanism. | the conjugative inchi1 plasmid psfr27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t encodes the sfh protein, a paralogue of the global transcriptional repressor h-ns. sfh allows psfr27 to be transmitted to new bacterial hosts with minimal impact on host fitness, providing a 'stealth' function whose molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. the impact of the sfh protein on the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium transcriptome was assessed and binding sites for sfh in the salmonella typhimurium g ... | 2010 | 20444106 |
| high prevalence of trimethoprim-resistance cassettes in class 1 and 2 integrons in senegalese shigella spp isolates. | integrons have a well-established role in the dissemination of resistance among gram-negative pathogens and are thus a useful marker of antibiotic resistance. shigellae are noteworthy for their multiple drug resistance, having gradually acquired resistance to most widely use and inexpensive antimicrobial drugs. | 2010 | 20440057 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends of shigella serotypes in new york city, 2006-2009. | shigellosis is the third most common enteric bacterial infection in the united states. although infection is typically self-limiting, empiric treatment is often prescribed. because of increasing antimicrobial resistance to shigella, empiric treatment options are decreasing. identifying resistance patterns can inform empiric treatment recommendations. the goals of our study were to examine risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of shigella and examine issues related to empiric trea ... | 2010 | 20438349 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterization of integrons of shigella sonnei isolates in seoul, 1999-2008. | a total of 66 shigella sonnei isolates from 1999 to 2008 in seoul was analyzed for their antimicrobial resistance, carriage of integron, and the patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). a high level of antimicrobial resistance to streptomycin (100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (95%), tetracycline (94%), nalidixic acid (65%), and ampicillin (41%) was observed among s. sonnei isolates. fourteen profiles of antimicrobial resistance were identified with the most common resistance prof ... | 2010 | 20437157 |
| phenotypic characterization and genomic analysis of the shigella sonnei bacteriophage sp18. | a novel bacteriophage that infects shigella sonnei was isolated from the gap river in korea, and its phenotypic and genomic characteristics were investigated. the virus, called sp18, showed morphology characteristic of the family myoviridae, and phylogenetic analysis of major capsid gene (gp23) sequences classified it as a t4-like phage. based on host spectrum analysis, it is lytic to s. sonnei, but not to shigella flexneri, shigella boydii or members of the genera escherichia and salmonella. py ... | 2010 | 20437154 |
| microbial community on healthy and diseased leaves of an invasive plant eupatorium adenophorum in southwest china. | invasive plants have caused great economic losses and environmental problems worldwide. eupatorium adenophorum is one of the most invasive weeds in china. to better understand its invasive mechanisms, in the present paper, the microbial communities of healthy and diseased leaves of e. adenophorum were obtained using both culture-independent and -dependent methods and their diversities were compared. the bacteria obtained from culture-independent method belong to proteobacteria (95.8%), actinobac ... | 2010 | 20437143 |
| modulation of shigella virulence in response to available oxygen in vivo. | bacteria coordinate expression of virulence determinants in response to localized microenvironments in their hosts. here we show that shigella flexneri, which causes dysentery, encounters varying oxygen concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, which govern activity of its type three secretion system (t3ss). the t3ss is essential for cell invasion and virulence. in anaerobic environments (for example, the gastrointestinal tract lumen), shigella is primed for invasion and expresses extended t ... | 2010 | 20436458 |
| a multiplex pcr method to detect 14 escherichia coli serogroups associated with urinary tract infections. | urinary tract infections (utis) are one of the most common bacterial infections and are predominantly caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec). e. coli strains belonging to 14 serogroups, including o1, o2, o4, o6, o7, o8, o15, o16, o18, o21, o22, o25, o75 and o83, are the most frequently detected upec strains in a diverse range of clinical urine specimens. in the current study, the o-antigen gene clusters of e. coli serogroups o1, o2, o18 and o75 were characterized. a multiplex pcr method ... | 2010 | 20434495 |
| bacteriological and parasitological assessment of food handlers in the omdurman area of sudan. | pathogenic organisms are thought to be widely distributed among food handlers. this study was designed to assess the prevalence of carriers of some pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the city of omdurman, sudan. | 2010 | 20434126 |
| microarray analysis of shigella flexneri-infected epithelial cells identifies host factors important for apoptosis inhibition. | shigella flexneri inhibits apoptosis in infected epithelial cells. in order to understand the pro-survival effects induced by the bacteria, we utilized apoptosis-specific microarrays to analyze the changes in eukaryotic gene expression in both infected and uninfected cells in the presence and absence of staurosporine, a chemical inducer of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. the goal of this research was to identify host factors that contribute to apoptosis inhibition in infected cells. | 2010 | 20429941 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli o157:h7. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7, one of the major causes of haemorrhagic colitis in humans, were produced by immunising balb/c mice with the strain e. coli o157:h7. these monoclonal antibodies do not cross-react with other bacteria such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, e. coli o14, e. coli jm109, s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. panama, s. saintpaul, s. derby, s. muenchen, s. bredeney, s. hadar, yersinia enterocolitica, proteus vulgaris, shi ... | 2006 | 20429059 |
| tracking the secretion of fluorescently labeled type iii effectors from single bacteria in real time. | a large number of gram negative pathogens use a specialized needle-like molecular machine known as type iii secretion (t3s) system. this highly sophisticated molecular device consists of a basal body spanning the two bacterial membranes and a protruding needle structure that is connected to a distal translocator complex. the main features of the t3s system are (i) activation after host cellular membrane contact and (ii) the ability to "inject" effectors into host cells through the needle apparat ... | 2010 | 20419414 |
| production and immunogenicity of recombinant ferric enterobactin protein (fepa). | ferric siderophore complexes are produced by most bacteria to acquire iron, a vital element. these complexes are transported across the outer membrane by receptor proteins commonly known as fepa (ferric enterobactin protein). in this study we attempted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the membrane protein fepa, aiming at inhibition of iron uptake to protect invasion of the host by the bacterium. | 2010 | 20418143 |
| innate ifn-gamma production by subsets of natural killer cells, natural killer t cells and gammadelta t cells in response to dying bacterial-infected macrophages. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) activation of macrophages is a crucial step in the early innate defence against bacterial infection. this innate ifn-gamma is thought to be produced mainly by natural killer (nk) cells through activation with interleukin (il)-12p70 secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) that have sensed bacterial products. however, a number of reports have shown that bacterial stimuli are unable to induce macrophages and/or dcs to produce sufficient amounts of il-12p70 unl ... | 2010 | 20415785 |
| nmr characterization of the interaction of the salmonella type iii secretion system protein sipd and bile salts. | salmonella and shigella bacteria require the type iii secretion system (t3ss) to inject virulence proteins into their hosts and initiate infections. the tip proteins sipd and ipad are critical components of the salmonella and shigella t3ss, respectively. recently, sipd and ipad have been shown to interact with bile salts, which are enriched in the intestines, and are hypothesized to act as environmental sensors for these enteric pathogens. bile salts activate the shigella t3ss but repress the sa ... | 2010 | 20397637 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food - 10 states, 2009. | the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program conducts active, population-based surveillance in 10 u.s. states for all laboratory-confirmed infections with select enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2009 and trends in incidence since 1996. in 2009, a total of 17,468 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection were identified. in comparison with the first 3 years of surveillanc ... | 2010 | 20395935 |