Publications

homogalacturonan-modifying enzymes: structure, expression, and roles in plants.	understanding the changes affecting the plant cell wall is a key element in addressing its functional role in plant growth and in the response to stress. pectins, which are the main constituents of the primary cell wall in dicot species, play a central role in the control of cellular adhesion and thereby of the rheological properties of the wall. this is likely to be a major determinant of plant growth. how the discrete changes in pectin structure are mediated is thus a key issue in our understa ...	2014	25056773
short chain n-acyl homoserine lactone production in tropical marine vibrio sinaloensis strain t47.	quorum sensing (qs), acts as one of the gene regulatory systems that allow bacteria to regulate their physiological activities by sensing the population density with synchronization of the signaling molecules that they produce. here, we report a marine isolate, namely strain t47, and its unique ahl profile. strain t47 was identified using 16s rrna sequence analysis confirming that it is a member of vibrio closely clustered to vibrio sinaloensis. the isolated v. sinaloensis strain t47 was confirm ...	2014	25046018
structural and functional diversity of free-living microorganisms in reef surface, kra island, thailand.	coral reefs worldwide are being harmed through anthropogenic activities. some coral reefs in thailand remain well-preserved, including the shallow coral reefs along kra island, nakhon si thammarat province. interestingly, the microbial community in this environment remains unknown. the present study identified biodiversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes of 0.22-30 μm in sizes and their metabolic potentials in this coral reef surface in summer and winter seasons, using 16s and 18s rrna genes pyros ...	2014	25037613
antimicrobial and inhibitory enzyme activity of n-(benzyl) and quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives on plant pathogens.	chemical modification of a biopolymer chitosan by introducing quaternary ammonium moieties into the polymer backbone enhances its antimicrobial activity. in the present study, a series of quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives were synthesized and characterized by (1)h-nmr, ft-ir and uv spectroscopic techniques. the antimicrobial activity against crop-threatening bacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens and erwinia carotovora and fungi botrytis cinerea, botryodiplodia theobromae, fusarium oxysporu ...	2014	25037402
phage therapy: eco-physiological pharmacology.	bacterial virus use as antibacterial agents, in the guise of what is commonly known as phage therapy, is an inherently physiological, ecological, and also pharmacological process. physiologically we can consider metabolic properties of phage infections of bacteria and variation in those properties as a function of preexisting bacterial states. in addition, there are patient responses to pathogenesis, patient responses to phage infections of pathogens, and also patient responses to phage virions ...	2014	25031881
insect endosymbiont proliferation is limited by lipid availability.	spiroplasma poulsonii is a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont that is naturally associated with drosophila melanogaster. s. poulsonii resides extracellularly in the hemolymph, where it must acquire metabolites to sustain proliferation. in this study, we find that spiroplasma proliferation specifically depletes host hemolymph diacylglyceride, the major lipid class transported by the lipoprotein, lpp. rnai-mediated knockdown of lpp expression, which reduces the amount of circulating lip ...	2014	25027439
detection of quorum sensing activity in the multidrug-resistant clinical isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa strain gb11.	a multidrug-resistant clinical bacteria strain gb11 was isolated from a wound swab on the leg of a patient. identity of stain gb11 as pseudomonas aeruginosa was validated by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). detection of the production of signaling molecules, n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls), was conducted using three different bacterial biosensors. a total of four different ahls were found to be produced by strain gb11, namely n-b ...	2014	25019635
antimicrobial potentials of mentha longifolia by disc diffusion method.	this study was conducted for the assessment of the antimicrobial activities of different solvents extracted samples from the aerial parts of mentha longifolia against ten microbial species through the disc diffusion assay using two different concentrations of 1 and 2 mg disc1. all extracts from mentha longifolia showed different ranges of antimicrobial activities. butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed inhibitory activities against all microbial species. methanol fraction showed inhibitory e ...	2014	25015464
characterisation of a marine bacterium vibrio brasiliensis t33 producing n-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing molecules.	n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahl) plays roles as signal molecules in quorum sensing (qs) in most gram-negative bacteria. qs regulates various physiological activities in relation with population density and concentration of signal molecules. with the aim of isolating marine water-borne bacteria that possess qs properties, we report here the preliminary screening of marine bacteria for ahl production using chromobacterium violaceum cv026 as the ahl biosensor. strain t33 was isolated based on prelim ...	2014	25006994
sucrose and invertases, a part of the plant defense response to the biotic stresses.	sucrose is the main form of assimilated carbon which is produced during photosynthesis and then transported from source to sink tissues via the phloem. this disaccharide is known to have important roles as signaling molecule and it is involved in many metabolic processes in plants. essential for plant growth and development, sucrose is engaged in plant defense by activating plant immune responses against pathogens. during infection, pathogens reallocate the plant sugars for their own needs forci ...	2014	25002866
complete genome sequence of a broad-host-range lytic dickeya spp. bacteriophage ϕd5.	little is known about lytic bacteriophages infecting plant-pathogenic dickeya spp. these bacteria cause economically significant losses in arable crops and ornamental plant production worldwide. at present, there is no effective control of diseases caused by dickeya spp. a novel bacteriophage, ϕd5, belonging to the family myoviridae, order caudovirales, that could be used to control these bacteria was isolated previously. this report provides information on its characterization. the ϕd5 genome c ...	2014	25000903
systemic acquired resistance in moss: further evidence for conserved defense mechanisms in plants.	vascular plants possess multiple mechanisms for defending themselves against pathogens. one well-characterized defense mechanism is systemic acquired resistance (sar). in sar, a plant detects the presence of a pathogen and transmits a signal throughout the plant, inducing changes in the expression of various pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. once sar is established, the plant is capable of mounting rapid responses to subsequent pathogen attacks. sar has been characterized in numerous angiosperm a ...	2014	25000589
pseudomonas cremoricolorata strain nd07 produces n-acyl homoserine lactones as quorum sensing molecules.	quorum sensing (qs) is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication system controlling qs-mediated genes which is synchronized with the population density. the regulation of specific gene activity is dependent on the signaling molecules produced, namely n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). we report here the identification and characterization of ahls produced by bacterial strain nd07 isolated from a malaysian fresh water sample. molecular identification showed that strain nd07 is clustered closely to p ...	2014	24984061
jasmonate-triggered plant immunity.	the plant hormone jasmonate (ja) exerts direct control over the production of chemical defense compounds that confer resistance to a remarkable spectrum of plant-associated organisms, ranging from microbial pathogens to vertebrate herbivores. the underlying mechanism of ja-triggered immunity (jati) can be conceptualized as a multi-stage signal transduction cascade involving: i) pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that couple the perception of danger signals to rapid synthesis of bioactive ja; i ...	2014	24973116
diversity, biocontrol, and plant growth promoting abilities of xylem residing bacteria from solanaceous crops.	eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is one of the solanaceous crops of economic and cultural importance and is widely cultivated in the state of goa, india. eggplant cultivation is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum that colonizes the xylem tissue. in this study, 167 bacteria were isolated from the xylem of healthy eggplant, chilli, and solanum torvum sw. by vacuum infiltration and maceration. amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) grouped these xylem residing ...	2014	24963298
identification of host-microbe interaction factors in the genomes of soft rot-associated pathogens dickeya dadantii 3937 and pectobacterium carotovorum wpp14 with supervised machine learning.	a wealth of genome sequences has provided thousands of genes of unknown function, but identification of functions for the large numbers of hypothetical genes in phytopathogens remains a challenge that impacts all research on plant-microbe interactions. decades of research on the molecular basis of pathogenesis focused on a limited number of factors associated with long-known host-microbe interaction systems, providing limited direction into this challenge. computational approaches to identify vi ...	2014	24952641
characterization of an extensin-modifying metalloprotease: n-terminal processing and substrate cleavage pattern of pectobacterium carotovorum prt1.	compared to other plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, proteases are less well understood. in this study, the extracellular metalloprotease prt1 from pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly erwinia carotovora) was expressed in escherichia coli and characterized with respect to n-terminal processing, thermal stability, substrate targets, and cleavage patterns. prt1 is an autoprocessing protease with an n-terminal signal pre-peptide and a pro-peptide which has to be removed in order to activate the pro ...	2014	24946865
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of some lactic acid bacteria isolated from bee pollen: a preliminary study.	in the present work, five hundred and sixty-seven isolates of lactic acid bacteria were recovered from raw bee pollen grains. all isolates were screened for their antagonistic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. neutralized supernatants of 54 lactic acid bacteria (lab) cultures from 216 active isolates inhibited the growth of indicator bacteria. they were phenotypically characterized, based on the fermentation of 39 carbohydrates. using the simple matching ...	2014	24936378
freshwater-borne bacteria isolated from a malaysian rainforest waterfall exhibiting quorum sensing properties.	one obvious requirement for concerted action by a bacterial population is for an individual to be aware of and respond to the other individuals of the same species in order to form a response in unison. the term "quorum sensing" (qs) was coined to describe bacterial communication that is able to stimulate expression of a series of genes when the concentration of the signaling molecules has reached a threshold level. here we report the isolation from aquatic environment of a bacterium that was la ...	2014	24932870
quorum sensing activity in pandoraea pnomenusa rb38.	strain rb38 was recovered from a former dumping area in malaysia. maldi-tof mass spectrometry and genomic analysis identified strain rb-38 as pandoraea pnomenusa. various biosensors confirmed its quorum sensing properties. high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was subsequently used to characterize the n-acyl homoserine lactone production profile of p. pnomenusa strain rb38, which validated that this isolate produced n-octanoyl homoserine lactone as a ...	2014	24919016
plant responses to bacterial n-acyl l-homoserine lactones are dependent on enzymatic degradation to l-homoserine.	many bacteria use quorum sensing (qs) to regulate phenotypes that ultimately benefit the bacterial population at high cell densities. these qs-dependent phenotypes are diverse and can have significant impacts on the bacterial host, including virulence factor production, motility, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, and root nodulation. as bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts have coevolved over millions of years, it is not surprising that certain hosts appear to be able to sense qs signals, poten ...	2014	24918118
eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids with diverse skeletons from ligularia sagitta.	five new highly oxygenated eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids, possessing c19 (1 and 2), c15 (3 and 4), and c14 (8) skeletons, along with eight known eremophilenolides were obtained from the aerial parts of ligularia sagitta. the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by x-ray diffraction analysis and that of 3 by ecd spectroscopy. compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against staphyloccocus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, and erwinia ca ...	2014	24913558
infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis.	pathogens can infect their hosts through different routes. for studying the consequences for host resistance, we here used the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum for oral and systemic (i. e. pricking the cuticle) experimental infection. in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underpinning the two different infection routes, the transcriptomes of beetles of two different t. castaneum populations--one recently collected population (cro1) an ...	2014	24908078
spotting the differences: probing host/microbiota interactions with a dedicated software tool for the analysis of faecal outputs in drosophila.	the intestinal physiology of drosophila melanogaster can be monitored in an integrative, non-invasive manner by analysing graphical features of the excreta produced by flies fed on a dye-supplemented diet. this assay has been used by various labs to explore gut function and its regulation. to facilitate its use, we present here a free, stand-alone dedicated software tool for the analysis of fly excreta. the ultimate reader of dung (t.u.r.d.) is designed to offer a flexible environment for a wide ...	2014	24907675
plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant-pathogen interactions.	the cell wall is a dynamic structure that often determines the outcome of the interactions between plants and pathogens. it is a barrier that pathogens need to breach to colonize the plant tissue. while fungal necrotrophs extensively destroy the integrity of the cell wall through the combined action of degrading enzymes, biotrophic fungi require a more localized and controlled degradation of the cell wall in order to keep the host cells alive and utilize their feeding structures. also bacteria a ...	2014	24904623
attenuated virulence and genomic reductive evolution in the entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont species, xenorhabdus poinarii.	bacteria of the genus xenorhabdus are symbionts of soil entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema. this symbiotic association constitutes an insecticidal complex active against a wide range of insect pests. unlike other xenorhabdus species, xenorhabdus poinarii is avirulent when injected into insects in the absence of its nematode host. we sequenced the genome of the x. poinarii strain g6 and the closely related but virulent x. doucetiae strain frm16. g6 had a smaller genome (500-700 k ...	2014	24904010
quorum quenching agents: resources for antivirulence therapy.	the continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a concern to human health and highlights the urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. quorum sensing (qs) regulates virulence in many bacterial pathogens, and thus, is a promising target for antivirulence therapy which may inhibit virulence instead of cell growth and division. this means that there is little selective pressure for the evolution of resistance. many natural quorum quenching (qq) agents have ...	2014	24886865
characterization of necrosis-inducing nlp proteins in phytophthora capsici.	effector proteins function not only as toxins to induce plant cell death, but also enable pathogens to suppress or evade plant defense responses. nlp-like proteins are considered to be effector proteins, and they have been isolated from bacteria, fungi, and oomycete plant pathogens. there is increasing evidence that nlps have the ability to induce cell death and ethylene accumulation in plants.	2014	24886309
comparison of strand-specific transcriptomes of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 edl933 (ehec) under eleven different environmental conditions including radish sprouts and cattle feces.	multiple infection sources for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec) are known, including animal products, fruit and vegetables. the ecology of this pathogen outside its human host is largely unknown and one third of its annotated genes are still hypothetical. to identify genetic determinants expressed under a variety of environmental factors, we applied strand-specific rna-sequencing, comparing the solid and illumina systems.	2014	24885796
structure of the atypical bacteriocin pectocin m2 implies a novel mechanism of protein uptake.	the colicin-like bacteriocins are potent protein antibiotics that have evolved to efficiently cross the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria by parasitizing nutrient uptake systems. we have structurally characterized the colicin m-like bacteriocin, pectocin m2, which is active against strains of pectobacterium spp. this unusual bacteriocin lacks the intrinsically unstructured translocation domain that usually mediates translocation of these bacteriocins across the outer membrane, containing ...	2014	24865810
the yrpab operon of yersinia ruckeri encoding two putative u32 peptidases is involved in virulence and induced under microaerobic conditions.	in an attempt to dissect the virulence mechanisms of yersinia ruckeri two adjacent genes, yrpa and yrpb, encoding putative peptidases belonging to the u32 family, were analyzed. similar genes, with the same genetic organization were identified in genomic analysis of human-pathogenic yersiniae. rt-pcr studies indicated that these genes form an operon in y. ruckeri. transcriptional studies using an yrpb::laczy fusion showed high levels of expression of these genes in the presence of peptone in the ...	2014	24865652
microbiota-induced changes in drosophila melanogaster host gene expression and gut morphology.	to elucidate mechanisms underlying the complex relationships between a host and its microbiota, we used the genetically tractable model drosophila melanogaster. consistent with previous studies, the microbiota was simple in composition and diversity. however, analysis of single flies revealed high interfly variability that correlated with differences in feeding. to understand the effects of this simple and variable consortium, we compared the transcriptome of guts from conventionally reared flie ...	2014	24865556
discovery of pantoea rodasii strain nd03 that produces n-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone.	proteobacteria use quorum sensing to regulate target gene expression in response to population density. quorum sensing (qs) is achieved via so-called signalling molecules and the best-studied qs signalling system uses n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). this study aimed to identify and characterize the production of ahls by a bacterium nd03 isolated from a malaysian tropical rainforest waterfall. molecular identification showed that nd03 is a pantoea sp. closely related to pantoea rodasii. we use ...	2014	24859023
unusual multiple production of n-acylhomoserine lactones a by burkholderia sp. strain c10b isolated from dentine caries.	bacteria realize the ability to communicate by production of quorum sensing (qs) molecules called autoinducers, which regulate the physiological activities in their ecological niches. the oral cavity could be a potential area for the presence of qs bacteria. in this study, we report the isolation of a qs bacterial isolate c10b from dentine caries. preliminary screening using chromobacterium violaceum cv026 biosensor showed that isolate c10b was able to produce n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). t ...	2014	24854358
the small rna sgrs: roles in metabolism and pathogenesis of enteric bacteria.	bacteria adapt to ever-changing habitats through specific responses to internal and external stimuli that result in changes in gene regulation and metabolism. one internal metabolic cue affecting such changes in escherichia coli and related enteric species is cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated sugars such as glucose-6-phosphate or the non-metabolizable analog α-methylglucoside-6-phosphate. this "glucose-phosphate stress" triggers a dedicated stress response in γ-proteobacteria including ...	2014	24847473
draft genome sequence of pectobacterium wasabiae strain cfia1002.	pectobacterium wasabiae, originally causing soft rot disease in horseradish in japan, was recently found to cause blackleg-like symptoms on potato in the united states, canada, and europe. a draft genome sequence of a canadian potato isolate of p. wasabiae cfia1002 will enhance the characterization of its pathogenicity and host specificity features.	2014	24831134
priming of protein expression in the defence response of zantedeschia aethiopica to pectobacterium carotovorum.	the defence response of zantedeschia aethiopica, a natural rhizomatous host of the soft rot bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum, was studied following the activation of common induced resistance pathways—systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. proteomic tools were used, together with in vitro quantification and in situ localization of selected oxidizing enzymes. in total, 527 proteins were analysed by label-free mass spectrometry (ms) and annotated against the national cen ...	2014	24822269
recognition of protein-coding genes based on z-curve algorithms.	recognition of protein-coding genes, a classical bioinformatics issue, is an absolutely needed step for annotating newly sequenced genomes. the z-curve algorithm, as one of the most effective methods on this issue, has been successfully applied in annotating or re-annotating many genomes, including those of bacteria, archaea and viruses. two z-curve based ab initio gene-finding programs have been developed: zcurve (for bacteria and archaea) and zcurve_v (for viruses and phages). zcurve_c (for 57 ...	2014	24822027
curdlan β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides induce the defense responses against phytophthora infestans infection of potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv. mccain g1) leaf cells.	activation of the innate immune system before the invasion of pathogens is a promising way to improve the resistance of plant against infection while reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. although several elicitors were used to induce the resistance of potato plant to microbial pathogen infection, the role of curdlan oligosaccharide (curdo) has not been established. in the current study, the defense responses were investigated at biochemical and proteomic levels to elucidate the elicitatio ...	2014	24816730
quorum sensing activity of a kluyvera sp. isolated from a malaysian waterfall.	in many species of bacteria, the quorum sensing mechanism is used as a unique communication system which allows them to regulate gene expression and behavior in accordance with their population density. n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are known as diffusible autoinducer molecules involved in this communication network. this finding aimed to characterize the production of ahl of a bacterial strain nd04 isolated from a malaysian waterfall. strain nd04 was identified as kluyvera sp. as confirmed b ...	2014	24815680
de novo synthesis of a bacterial toxin/antitoxin system.	the prevalence of toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems in almost all genomes suggests they evolve rapidly. here we show that an antitoxin from a type v system (ghos, an endoribonuclease specific for the mrna of the toxin ghot) can be converted into a novel toxin (art) simply by adding two mutations. in contrast to ghos, which increases growth, the new toxin art decreases growth dramatically in escherichia coli. transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the nucleoid in art-producing cells i ...	2014	24797297
ectopically expressed sweet pepper ferredoxin pflp enhances disease resistance to pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affected by harpin and protease-mediated hypersensitive response in arabidopsis.	plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) is a photosynthesis-type ferredoxin (fd) found in sweet pepper. it contains an iron-sulphur cluster that receives and delivers electrons between enzymes involved in many fundamental metabolic processes. it has been demonstrated that transgenic plants overexpressing pflp show a high resistance to many bacterial pathogens, although the mechanism remains unclear. in this investigation, the pflp gene was transferred into arabidopsis and its defective derivatives, ...	2014	24796566
tissue communication in regenerative inflammatory signaling: lessons from the fly gut.	the intestine, as a barrier epithelium, serves in the first line of defense against invading pathogens and damaging agents that enter the body via food ingestion. maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is therefore key to organismal health. to maintain homeostasis, intestinal stem cells (iscs) continuously replace lost or damaged intestinal epithelial cells in organisms ranging from drosophila to humans. interestingly, intestinal damage upon ingestion of chemicals or pathogenic bacteria leads to ...	2014	24795868
ecdysone mediates the development of immunity in the drosophila embryo.	beyond their role in cell metabolism, development, and reproduction, hormones are also important modulators of the immune system. in the context of inflammatory disorders, systemic administration of pharmacological doses of synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory treatment [1, 2]. however, not all actions of gcs are immunosuppressive, and many studies have suggested that physiological concentrations of gcs can have immunoenhancing effects [3-7]. for a more comprehe ...	2014	24794300
prophenoloxidase activation is required for survival to microbial infections in drosophila.	the melanization reaction is a major immune response in arthropods and involves the rapid synthesis of melanin at the site of infection and injury. a key enzyme in the melanization process is phenoloxidase (po), which catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones, which subsequently polymerize into melanin. the drosophila genome encodes three pos, which are primarily produced as zymogens or prophenoloxidases (ppo). two of them, ppo1 and ppo2, are produced by crystal cells. here we have generate ...	2014	24788090
a sequence-based approach for prediction of csra/rsma targets in bacteria with experimental validation in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	csra/rsma homologs are an extensive family of ribonucleic acid (rna)-binding proteins that function as global post-transcriptional regulators controlling important cellular processes such as secondary metabolism, motility, biofilm formation and the production and secretion of virulence factors in diverse bacterial species. while direct messenger rna binding by csra/rsma has been studied in detail for some genes, it is anticipated that there are numerous additional, as yet undiscovered, direct ta ...	2014	24782516
secretion of bacterial lipoproteins: through the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasm and beyond.	bacterial lipoproteins are peripherally anchored membrane proteins that play a variety of roles in bacterial physiology and virulence in monoderm (single membrane-enveloped, e.g., gram-positive) and diderm (double membrane-enveloped, e.g., gram-negative) bacteria. after export of prolipoproteins through the cytoplasmic membrane, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively via the general secretory or sec pathway, the proteins are lipid-modified at the cytoplasmic membrane in a multistep proce ...	2014	24780125
defending the fort: a role for defensin-2 in limiting rickettsia montanensis infection of dermacentor variabilis.	the importance of tick defensins is evidenced by their expression in a wide variety of tick tissues and prevalence across many tick genera. to date, the functional and biological significance of defensin-2 as a rickettsiastatic or rickettsiacidal antimicrobial peptide has not been addressed. in a previous study, defensin-2 transcription was shown to increase in dermacentor variabilis ticks challenged with rickettsia montanensis. in the present study, the hypothesis that defensin-2 is functional ...	2014	24779891
de-novo synthesis of 2-phenylethanol by enterobacter sp. cgmcc 5087.	2-phenylethanl (2-pe) and its derivatives are important chemicals, which are widely used in food materials and fine chemical industries and polymers and it's also a potentially valuable alcohol for next-generation biofuel. however, the biosynthesis of 2-pe are mainly biotransformed from phenylalanine, the price of which barred the production. therefore, it is necessary to seek more sustainable technologies for 2-pe production.	2014	24766677
cloning, expression, purification and characterisation of erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase in escherichia coli.	for the past 30 years, bacterial l-asparaginases have been used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. it is found in a variety of organisms such as microbes, plants and mammals. their intrinsic low-rate glutaminase activity, however, causes serious side-effects, including neurotoxicity, hepatitis, coagulopathy and other dysfunctions. erwinia carotovora asparaginase shows decreased glutaminase activity, so it is believed to have fewer side-effects in le ...	2014	24761390
quorum sensing activity of aeromonas caviae strain yl12, a bacterium isolated from compost.	quorum sensing is a well-studied cell-to-cell communication method that involves a cell-density dependent regulation of genes expression mediated by signalling molecules. in this study, a bacterium isolated from a plant material compost pile was found to possess quorum sensing activity based on bioassay screening. isolate yl12 was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry and molecular typing using rpod gene which identified the iso ...	2014	24759107
metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers.		2014	24758379
pcexl1 a novel acid expansin-like protein from the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum, binds cell walls differently to bsexlx1.	microbial expansins act on plant cell walls similarly to plant expansins, albeit their loosening activity levels are tenfold lesser compared to plant expansins. we report the characterization of an expansin-like gene from the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum, named exl1. pcexl1 is an acidic protein that binds cellulose (avicel), and weakens filter paper. the acidic nature of pcexl1 confers different binding properties when compared to bacillus subtilis bsexlx1, which is a basic protein. ...	2014	24755657
antagonistic bacillus species as a biological control of ginseng root rot caused by fusarium cf. incarnatum.	this study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by fusarium cf. incarnatum.	2013	24748838
antagonistic bacillus species as a biological control of ginseng root rot caused by fusarium cf. incarnatum.	this study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by fusarium cf. incarnatum.	2013	24748838
physcomitrella patens has kinase-lrr r gene homologs and interacting proteins.	plant disease resistance gene (r gene)-like sequences were screened from the physcomitrella patens genome. we found 603 kinase-like, 475 nucleotide binding site (nbs)-like and 8594 leucine rich repeat (lrr)-like sequences by homology searching using the respective domains of ppc24 (accession no. bad38895), which is a candidate kinase-nbs-lrr (kinase-nl) type r-like gene, as a reference. the positions of these domains in the genome were compared and 17 kinase-nls were predicted. we also found fou ...	2014	24748046
in situ evaluation of paenibacillus alvei in reducing carriage of salmonella enterica serovar newport on whole tomato plants.	recently, tomatoes have been implicated as a primary vehicle in food-borne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar newport and other salmonella serovars. long-term intervention measures to reduce salmonella prevalence on tomatoes remain elusive for growing and postharvest environments. a naturally occurring bacterium identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing as paenibacillus alvei was isolated epiphytically from plants native to the virginia eastern shore tomato-growing region. after initial antim ...	2014	24747888
quorum sensing activity of hafnia alvei isolated from packed food.	quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism adopted by bacteria to regulate expression of genes according to population density. n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) are a type of qs signalling molecules commonly found in gram-negative bacteria which have been reported to play a role in microbial spoilage of foods and pathogenesis. in this study, we isolated an ahl-producing hafnia alvei strain (fb1) from spherical fish pastes. analysis via high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography/mass spectro ...	2014	24736131
genomic and metabolic comparison with dickeya dadantii 3937 reveals the emerging dickeya solani potato pathogen to display distinctive metabolic activities and t5ss/t6ss-related toxin repertoire.	the pectinolytic enterobacteria of the pectobacterium and dickeya genera are causative agents of maceration-associated diseases affecting a wide variety of crops and ornamentals. for the past decade, the emergence of a novel species d. solani was observed in potato fields in europe and the mediterranean basin. the purpose of this study is to search by comparative genomics the genetic traits that could be distinctive to other dickeya species and be involved in d. solani adaptation to the potato p ...	2014	24735398
drosophila microbiota modulates host metabolic gene expression via imd/nf-κb signaling.	most metazoans engage in mutualistic interactions with their intestinal microbiota. despite recent progress the molecular mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial influences on host physiology are still largely uncharacterized. here we use axenic drosophila melanogaster adults associated with a standardized microbiota composed of a defined set of commensal bacterial strains to study the impact of microbiota association on its host transcriptome. our results demonstrate that dros ...	2014	24733183
the type ii secretion pathway in vibrio cholerae is characterized by growth phase-dependent expression of exoprotein genes and is positively regulated by σe.	vibrio cholerae, an etiological agent of cholera, circulates between aquatic reservoirs and the human gastrointestinal tract. the type ii secretion (t2s) system plays a pivotal role in both stages of the lifestyle by exporting multiple proteins, including cholera toxin. here, we studied the kinetics of expression of genes encoding the t2s system and its cargo proteins. we have found that under laboratory growth conditions, the t2s complex was continuously expressed throughout v. cholerae growth, ...	2014	24733097
interaction of a partially disordered antisigma factor with its partner, the signaling domain of the tonb-dependent transporter hasr.	bacteria use diverse signaling pathways to control gene expression in response to external stimuli. in gram-negative bacteria, the binding of a nutrient is sensed by an outer membrane transporter. this signal is then transmitted to an antisigma factor and subsequently to the cytoplasm where an ecf sigma factor induces expression of genes related to the acquisition of this nutrient. the molecular interactions involved in this transmembrane signaling are poorly understood and structural data on th ...	2014	24727671
mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulation in bacterial biofilms.	biofilms are characterized by a dense multicellular community of microorganisms that can be formed by the attachment of bacteria to an inert surface and to each other. the development of biofilm involves the initial attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, followed by replication, cell-to-cell adhesion to form microcolonies, maturation, and detachment. mature biofilms are embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix composed primarily of bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides, ...	2014	24724055
commonalities and differences of t3sss in rhizobia and plant pathogenic bacteria.	plant pathogenic bacteria and rhizobia infect higher plants albeit the interactions with their hosts are principally distinct and lead to completely different phenotypic outcomes, either pathogenic or mutualistic, respectively. bacterial protein delivery to plant host plays an essential role in determining the phenotypic outcome of plant-bacteria interactions. the involvement of type iii secretion systems (t3sss) in mediating animal- and plant-pathogen interactions was discovered in the mid-80's ...	2014	24723933
molecular cloning and characterization of a group ii wrky transcription factor from jatropha curcas, an important biofuel crop.	the wrky family of transcription factors (tfs) play an intricate role in regulating the stress signaling pathways by autoregulation or may be by cross regulation through interaction with other proteins. although wrky tfs are considered to be plant specific, however, their presence has been reported from unicellular algae, slime mould, and gymnosperms. we have isolated the jcwrky cdna from an important biofuel crop jatropha curcas growing in the wastelands of india. the jcwrky gene has an orf of ...	2014	24720696
influences of the colonic microbiome on the mucous gel layer in ulcerative colitis.	the colonic mucus gel layer (mgl) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. mucins are the major component of the mgl. selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. the tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining mgl homeostasis. in disease states such as ulcerative colitis (uc), both the mucosa associated microbes and the constituent mg ...	2014	24714392
annotation of protein domains reveals remarkable conservation in the functional make up of proteomes across superkingdoms.	the functional repertoire of a cell is largely embodied in its proteome, the collection of proteins encoded in the genome of an organism. the molecular functions of proteins are the direct consequence of their structure and structure can be inferred from sequence using hidden markov models of structural recognition. here we analyze the functional annotation of protein domain structures in almost a thousand sequenced genomes, exploring the functional and structural diversity of proteomes. we find ...	2011	24710297
discovery of function in the enolase superfamily: d-mannonate and d-gluconate dehydratases in the d-mannonate dehydratase subgroup.	the continued increase in the size of the protein sequence databases as a result of advances in genome sequencing technology is overwhelming the ability to perform experimental characterization of function. consequently, functions are assigned to the vast majority of proteins via automated, homology-based methods, with the result that as many as 50% are incorrectly annotated or unannotated ( schnoes et al. plos comput. biol. 2009 , 5 ( 12 ), e1000605 ). this manuscript describes a study of the d ...	2014	24697546
rational approaches for engineering novel functionalities in carbon-carbon bond forming enzymes.	enzymes that catalyze carbon-carbon bond formation can be exploited as biocatalyst for synthetic organic chemistry. however, natural enzymes frequently do not possess the required properties or specificities to catalyze industrially useful transformations. this mini-review describes recent work using knowledge-guided site-specific mutagenesis of key active site residues to alter substrate specificity, stereospecificity and reaction specificity of these enzymes. in addition, examples of de novo d ...	2012	24688644
the arable ecosystem as battleground for emergence of new human pathogens.	disease incidences related to escherichia coli and salmonella enterica infections by consumption of (fresh) vegetables, sprouts, and occasionally fruits made clear that these pathogens are not only transmitted to humans via the "classical" routes of meat, eggs, and dairy products, but also can be transmitted to humans via plants or products derived from plants. nowadays, it is of major concern that these human pathogens, especially the ones belonging to the taxonomical family of enterobacteriace ...	2014	24688484
analysis of hydroxycinnamic acid degradation in agrobacterium fabrum reveals a coenzyme a-dependent, beta-oxidative deacetylation pathway.	the soil- and rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium agrobacterium fabrum (genomospecies g8 of the agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex) is known to have species-specific genes involved in ferulic acid degradation. here, we characterized, by genetic and analytical means, intermediates of degradation as feruloyl coenzyme a (feruloyl-coa), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-hydroxypropionyl-coa, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-β-ketopropionyl-coa, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. the genes atu1416, atu14 ...	2014	24657856
trichokonins from trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2 induce resistance against gram-negative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in chinese cabbage.	peptaibols, mainly produced by trichoderma, play a pivotal role in controlling plant disease caused by fungi, virus, and gram-positive bacteria. in the current study, we evaluated the control effect of trichokonins, antimicrobial peptaibols from trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2, on soft rot disease of chinese cabbage caused by a gram-negative bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and analyzed the mechanism involved. trichokonins treatment (0.3 mg l(-1) ) enhanced the resistance ...	2014	24655217
complete genome sequence of the pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum virulent bacteriophage pm1.	pm1, a novel virulent bacteriophage that infects pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, was isolated. its morphological features were examined by electron microscopy, which indicated that this phage belongs to the family myoviridae. it has a 55,098-bp genome, including a 2,665-bp terminal repeat. a total of 63 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, but only 20 orfs possessed homology with functional proteins. there is one trna coding region, and the gc-content of the genome is 44.9 % ...	2014	24643332
the arabidopsis lysin motif-containing receptor-like kinase3 regulates the cross talk between immunity and abscisic acid responses.	transmembrane receptor-like kinases characterized by the presence of one or more lysin motif (lysm) domains in the extracytoplasmic portion (lysm-containing receptor-like kinases [lyks]) mediate recognition of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms in plants. the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes five putative lyks; among them, atlyk1/chitin elicitor receptor kinase1 is required for response to chitin and peptidoglycan, and atlyk4 contributes to chitin perception. more recently, ...	2014	24639336
redox signaling mediates symbiosis between the gut microbiota and the intestine.	the microbiota that populates the intestinal tract affects many physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, epithelial barrier function, and immune responses. however, the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota influences these events remain unknown. it was recently reported by our research group that specific taxa of intestinal bacteria induce the rapid and transient enzymatic production of reactive oxygen species (ros) within enterocytes. whereas nadph oxidase 2 (nox2) catalyzed ...	2014	24637602
quorum sensing activity of serratia fonticola strain rb-25 isolated from an ex-landfill site.	quorum sensing is a unique bacterial communication system which permits bacteria to synchronize their behaviour in accordance with the population density. the operation of this communication network involves the use of diffusible autoinducer molecules, termed n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). serratia spp. are well known for their use of quorum sensing to regulate the expression of various genes. in this study, we aimed to characterized the ahl production of a bacterium designated as strain rb-2 ...	2014	24625739
the skpo-1 peroxidase functions in the hypodermis to protect caenorhabditis elegans from bacterial infection.	in recent years, the synergistic relationship between nadph oxidase (nox)/dual oxidase (duox) enzymes and peroxidases has received increased attention. peroxidases utilize nox/duox-generated h2o2 for a myriad of functions including, but not limited to, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, cross-linking extracellular matrices (ecm), and immune defense. we postulated that one or more peroxidases produced by caenorhabditis elegans would act in host defense, possibly in conjunction with bli-3, the only nox ...	2014	24621828
studies on optimization of growth parameters for l-asparaginase production by streptomyces ginsengisoli.	a species of streptomyces, streptomyces ginsengisoli, a river isolate, was evaluated for production of an enzyme, l-asparaginase, with multiple functions mainly anticancer activity. the actinomycete was subjected to submerged fermentation by "shake flask" method. the quantity of l-asparaginase produced was estimated as 3.23 μ mol/ml/min. the effect of various culture conditions on l-asparaginase production was studied by adopting a method of variation in one factor at a time. of the various cond ...	2014	24616652
amylocyclicin, a novel circular bacteriocin produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42.	bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 is a gram-positive plant growth-promoting bacterium with an impressive capacity to synthesize nonribosomal secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. here we report on a novel circular bacteriocin which is ribosomally synthesized by fzb42. the compound displayed high antibacterial activity against closely related gram-positive bacteria. transposon mutagenesis and subsequent site-specific mutagenesis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizatio ...	2014	24610713
mechanism of the c5 stereoinversion reaction in the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics.	the bicyclic β-lactam/2-pyrrolidine precursor to all carbapenem antibiotics is biosynthesized by attachment of a carboxymethylene unit to c5 of l-proline followed by β-lactam ring closure. carbapenem synthase (carc), an fe(ii) and 2-(oxo)glutarate (fe/2og)-dependent oxygenase, then inverts the c5 configuration. here we report the structure of carc in complex with its substrate and biophysical dissection of its reaction to reveal the stereoinversion mechanism. an fe(iv)-oxo intermediate abstracts ...	2014	24604200
enhancing production of alkaline polygalacturonate lyase from bacillus subtilis by fed-batch fermentation.	alkaline polygalacturonate lyase (pgl, ec 4.2.2.2) is an enzyme used in many industries. we developed a fed-batch fermentation process that combines the enzymatic pretreatment of the carbon source with controlling the ph of the fermentative broth to enhance the pgl production from bacillus subtilis 7-3-3 to decrease the production cost. maintaining the fermentation broth at ph 6.5 prior to feeding with ammonia and at ph 6.0 after feeding significantly improved pgl activity (743.5 u ml-1) compare ...	2014	24603713
secreted gaussia princeps luciferase as a reporter of escherichia coli replication in a mouse tissue cage model of infection.	measurement of bacterial burden in animal infection models is a key component for both bacterial pathogenesis studies and therapeutic agent research. the traditional quantification means for in vivo bacterial burden requires frequent animal sacrifice and enumerating colony forming units (cfu) recovered from infection loci. to address these issues, researchers have developed a variety of luciferase-expressing bacterial reporter strains to enable bacterial detection in living animals. to date, all ...	2014	24595353
recent developments in protein and peptide parenteral delivery approaches.	discovery of insulin in the early 1900s initiated the research and development to improve the means of therapeutic protein delivery in patients. in the past decade, great emphasis has been placed on bringing protein and peptide therapeutics to market. despite tremendous efforts, parenteral delivery still remains the major mode of administration for protein and peptide therapeutics. other routes such as oral, nasal, pulmonary and buccal are considered more opportunistic rather than routine applic ...	2014	24592957
mechanism of escherichia coli resistance to pyrrhocoricin.	due to their lack of toxicity to mammalian cells and good serum stability, proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (pr-amps) have been proposed as promising candidates for the treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens. it has been hypothesized that these peptides act on multiple targets within bacterial cells, and therefore the likelihood of the emergence of resistance was considered to be low. here, we show that spontaneous escherichia coli mutants resistant to p ...	2014	24590485
βν integrin inhibits chronic and high level activation of jnk to repress senescence phenotypes in drosophila adult midgut.	proper control of adult stem cells including their proliferation and differentiation is crucial in maintaining homeostasis of well-organized tissues/organs throughout an organism's life. the drosophila adult midgut has intestinal stem cells (iscs), which have been exploited as a simple model system to investigate mechanisms controlling adult tissue homeostasis. here, we found that a viable mutant of βν integrin (βint-ν), encoding one of two drosophila integrin β subunits, showed a short midgut a ...	2014	24586740
loss of trabid, a new negative regulator of the drosophila immune-deficiency pathway at the level of tak1, reduces life span.	a relatively unexplored nexus in drosophila immune deficiency (imd) pathway is tgf-beta activating kinase 1 (tak1), which triggers both immunity and apoptosis. in a cell culture screen, we identified that lysine at position 142 was a k63-linked ubiquitin acceptor site for tak1, required for signalling. moreover, lysine at position 156 functioned as a k48-linked ubiquitin acceptor site, also necessary for tak1 activity. the deubiquitinase trabid interacted with tak1, reducing immune signalling ou ...	2014	24586180
the post-transcriptional regulator rsma/csra activates t3ss by stabilizing the 5' utr of hrpg, the master regulator of hrp/hrc genes, in xanthomonas.	the rsma/csra family of the post-transcriptional regulators of bacteria is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including pathogenesis. in this study, we demonstrated that rsma not only is required for the full virulence of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) but also contributes to triggering the hypersensitive response (hr) in non-host plants. deletion of rsma resulted in significantly reduced virulence in the host plant sweet orange and a delay ...	2014	24586158
crystal structure of the carbapenem intrinsic resistance protein carg.	in the gram-negative enterobacterium erwinia (pectobacterium) and serratia sp. atcc 39006, intrinsic resistance to the carbapenem antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is mediated by the carf and carg proteins, by an unknown mechanism. here, we report a high-resolution crystal structure for the serratia sp. atcc 39006 carbapenem resistance protein carg. this structure of carg is the first in the carbapenem intrinsic resistance (cir) family of resistance proteins from carbapenem-producing ...	2014	24583229
bacterial ice crystal controlling proteins.	across the world, many ice active bacteria utilize ice crystal controlling proteins for aid in freezing tolerance at subzero temperatures. ice crystal controlling proteins include both antifreeze and ice nucleation proteins. antifreeze proteins minimize freezing damage by inhibiting growth of large ice crystals, while ice nucleation proteins induce formation of embryonic ice crystals. although both protein classes have differing functions, these proteins use the same ice binding mechanisms. rath ...	2014	24579057
comparative genomics of type vi secretion systems in strains of pantoea ananatis from different environments.	the type vi secretion system (t6ss) has been identified in several different bacteria, including the plant pathogenpantoea ananatis. previous in silico analyses described three different t6ss loci present in the pathogenic strain of p. ananatis lmg 20103. this initial investigation has been extended to include an additional seven sequenced strains of p. ananatis together with 39 strains from different ecological niches. comparative and phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the distribut ...	2014	24571088
there is a specific response to ph by isolates of haemophilus influenzae and this has a direct influence on biofilm formation.	haemophilus influenzae colonizes the nasopharynx as a commensal. strain-specific factors allow some strains to migrate to particular anatomical niches, such as the middle ear, bronchi or blood, and induce disease by surviving within the conditions present at these sites in the body. it is established that h. influenzae colonization and in some cases survival is highly dependent on their ability to form a biofilm. biofilm formation is a key trait in the development of chronic infection by certain ...	2014	24555828
overexpression of the brassica rapa transcription factor wrky12 results in reduced soft rot symptoms caused by pectobacterium carotovorum in arabidopsis and chinese cabbage.	chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), an important vegetable crop, can succumb to diseases such as bacterial soft rot, resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc) causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. to overcome crop loss caused by bacterial soft rot, a gene from chinese cabbage was isolated and characterised in this study. we isolated the brwrky12 gene from chinese cabbage, which ...	2014	24552622
targeting virulence not viability in the search for future antibacterials.	new antibacterials need new approaches to overcome the problem of rapid antibiotic resistance. here we review the development of potential new antibacterial drugs that do not kill bacteria or inhibit their growth, but combat disease instead by targeting bacterial virulence.	2015	24552512
resistance to multiple tuber diseases expressed in somaclonal variants of the potato cultivar russet burbank.	multiple disease resistance is an aim of many plant breeding programs. previously, novel somatic cell selection was used to generate potato variants of "russet burbank" with resistance to common scab caused by infection with an actinomycete pathogen. coexpression of resistance to powdery scab caused by a protozoan pathogen was subsequently shown. this study sought to define whether this resistance was effective against additional potato tuber diseases, black scurf, and tuber soft rot induced by ...	2014	24523639
conventional and real-time pcrs for detection of erwinia piriflorinigrans allow its distinction from the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora.	erwinia piriflorinigrans is a new pathogenic species of the bacterial genus erwinia that has been described recently in spain. accurate detection and identification of e. piriflorinigrans are challenging because its symptoms on pear blossoms are similar to those caused by erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. moreover, these two species share phenotypic and molecular characteristics. two specific and sensitive conventional and real-time pcr protocols were developed to identify and ...	2014	24509928
over-expression of superoxide dismutase ameliorates cr(vi) induced adverse effects via modulating cellular immune system of drosophila melanogaster.	the evolutionarily conserved innate immune system plays critical role for maintaining the health of an organism. however, a number of environmental chemicals including metals are known to exert adverse effects on immune system. the present study assessed the in vivo effect of a major environmental chemical, cr(vi), on cellular immune response using drosophila melanogaster and subsequently the protective role of superoxide dismutase (sod) based on the comparable performance of the tested anti-oxi ...	2014	24505420
managing potato wart: a review of present research status and future perspective.	identification of resistance genes to potato wart disease caused by synchytrium endobioticum is the key for developing diagnostic markers for breeding resistant cultivars. we present an overview on the current knowledge of this host-pathogen system and molecular advances while highlighting future research focus. potato wart is a quarantined disease of cultivated potato (solanum tuberosum l.) caused by the obligate biotrophic, soil-borne fungus synchytrium endobioticum (schilb.) perc. since its d ...	2014	24504551
the kiwifruit emerging pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae does not produce ahls but possesses three luxr solos.	pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is an emerging phytopathogen causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit plants worldwide. quorum sensing (qs) gene regulation plays important roles in many different bacterial plant pathogens. in this study we analyzed the presence and possible role of n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing in psa. it was established that psa does not produce ahls and that a typical complete luxi/r qs system is absent in psa strains. psa however possesses thre ...	2014	24498215
mechanisms and biological roles of contact-dependent growth inhibition systems.	bacterial contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) is mediated by the cdia/cdib family of two-partner secretion proteins. cdi(+) cells bind to susceptible target bacteria and deliver a toxic effector domain derived from the carboxyl terminus of cdia (cdia-ct). more than 60 distinct cdia-ct sequence types have been identified, and all cdi toxins characterized thus far display rnase, dnase, or pore-forming activities. cdi systems also encode cdii immunity proteins, which specifically bind and ina ...	2014	24492845
identification of bacteriophages for biocontrol of the kiwifruit canker phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.	pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (actinidia sp.). since 2008, a global outbreak of p. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in new zealand. the economic impact and the development of resistance in p. syringae pv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. we isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active ...	2014	24487530