Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| exploring diversity among spanish strains of erwinia amylovora and possible infection sources. | we have examined the intraspecific diversity of a collection of 63 spanish strains of erwinia amylovora, isolated from 1995 to 2001, to determine whether or not they could be grouped based on phenotypic or genotypic criteria and to investigate the sources of inoculum for fire blight dissemination in spain. | 2007 | 17953575 |
| anti-ice nucleation activity in xylem extracts from trees that contain deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells. | boreal hardwood species, including japanese white birch (betula platyphylla sukat. var. japonica hara), japanese chestnut (castanea crenata sieb. et zucc.), katsura tree (cercidiphyllum japonicum sieb. et zucc.), siebold's beech (fagus crenata blume), mulberry (morus bombycis koidz.), and japanese rowan (sorbus commixta hedl.), had xylem parenchyma cells (xpcs) that adapt to subfreezing temperatures by deep supercooling. crude extracts from xylem in all these trees were found to have anti-ice nu ... | 2007 | 17936742 |
| lidar detection algorithm for time and range anomalies. | a new detection algorithm for lidar applications has been developed. the detection is based on hyperspectral anomaly detection that is implemented for time anomaly where the question "is a target (aerosol cloud) present at range r within time t(1) to t(2)" is addressed, and for range anomaly where the question "is a target present at time t within ranges r(1) and r(2)" is addressed. a detection score significantly different in magnitude from the detection scores for background measurements sugge ... | 2007 | 17932542 |
| erwinia carotovora elicitors and botrytis cinerea activate defense responses in physcomitrella patens. | vascular plants respond to pathogens by activating a diverse array of defense mechanisms. studies with these plants have provided a wealth of information on pathogen recognition, signal transduction and the activation of defense responses. however, very little is known about the infection and defense responses of the bryophyte, physcomitrella patens, to well-studied phytopathogens. the purpose of this study was to determine: i) whether two representative broad host range pathogens, erwinia carot ... | 2007 | 17922917 |
| distribution and replication of the pathogenicity plasmid ppath in diverse populations of the gall-forming bacterium pantoea agglomerans. | pantoea agglomerans has been transformed from a commensal bacterium into two related gall-forming pathovars by acquisition of ppath plasmids containing a pathogenicity island (pai). this pai harbors an hrp/hrc gene cluster, type iii effectors, and phytohormone biosynthetic genes. dna typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed two major groups of p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae and one group of p. agglomerans pv. betae. the ppath plasmids of the different groups had nearly identical repli ... | 2007 | 17921271 |
| projection maps of three members of the kdgm outer membrane protein family. | we present the projection structures of the three outer membrane porins kdgm and kdgn from erwinia chrysanthemi and nanc from escherichia coli, based on 2d electron crystallography. a wide screening of 2d crystallization conditions yielded tubular crystals of a suitable size and quality to perform high-resolution electron microscopy. data processing of untilted samples allowed us to separate the information of the two crystalline layers and resulted in projection maps to a resolution of up to 7a ... | 2007 | 17919922 |
| the role of luxs in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora is limited to metabolism and does not involve quorum sensing. | erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative phytopathogen that causes fire blight of pome fruit and related members of the family rosaceae. we sequenced the putative autoinducer-2 (ai-2) synthase gene luxs from e. amylovora. diversity analysis indicated that this gene is extremely conserved among e. amylovora strains. quorum sensing mediated by luxs has been implicated in coordinated gene expression, growth, and virulence in other enterobacteria; however, our evidence suggests this is not the function ... | 2007 | 17918630 |
| identification of bacteria from clinical samples using bartonella alpha-proteobacteria growth medium. | in an effort to overcome historical problems associated with the isolation of bartonella species from animal and human blood samples, our laboratory developed a novel, chemically modified, insect-based, liquid culture medium (bartonella alpha-proteobacteria growth medium, bapgm). in this study, we describe the isolation of non-bartonella bacteria from aseptically obtained human blood and tissue samples that were inoculated into bapgm pre-enrichment culture medium, and were obtained during attemp ... | 2007 | 17889384 |
| identification of harpins in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000, which are functionally similar to hrpk1 in promoting translocation of type iii secretion system effectors. | harpins are a subset of type iii secretion system (t3ss) substrates found in all phytopathogenic bacteria that utilize a t3ss. pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 was previously reported to produce two harpins, hrpz1 and hrpw1. dc3000 was shown here to deploy two additional proteins, hopak1 and hopp1, which have the harpin-like properties of lacking cysteine, eliciting the hypersensitive response (hr) when partially purified and infiltrated into tobacco leaves, and possessing a two-domain str ... | 2007 | 17873033 |
| at-line coupling of uplc to chip-electrospray-fticr-ms. | since highly sensitive on-line coupling of uplc with fticr-ms is technically infeasible due to their different scan rates, at-line coupling of these techniques was developed for rapid analysis. to enable cutting of one peak of the chromatogram into one fraction, several conditions and relationships were investigated, e.g. the optimum volume of the inserted delay loop, the relationship between retention time, loop outlet drop speed, individual drop volume versus mobile phase composition under con ... | 2007 | 17849105 |
| production of 2-keto-l-gulonate, an intermediate in l-ascorbate synthesis, by a genetically modified erwinia herbicola. | a new metabolic pathway has been created in the microorganism erwinia herbicola that gives it the ability to produce 2-keto-l-gulonic acid, an important intermediate in the synthesis of l-ascorbic acid. initially, a corynebacterium enzyme that could stereoselectively reduce 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid was identified and purified. dna probes based on amino acid sequence information from 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid reductase were then used to isolate the gene for this enzyme ... | 1985 | 17842676 |
| allergic reactions to e. coli l-asparaginase do not affect outcome in childhood b-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a children's oncology group study. | we describe the outcome of children with b-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia registered on pediatric oncology group 8602 who switched to erwinia asparaginase (asp) due to an allergy to the escherichia coli product. between february 1986 and january 1991, children in complete remission after induction that included intramuscular e. coli asp (6000 u/m2x6) were randomized for consolidation. one regimen included intensive weekly intramuscular e. coli asp (25,000 u/m2/wkx24). in case of an aller ... | 2007 | 17805038 |
| dissociation in erwinia amylovora (burrill) comm. s.a.b. | 1934 | 17778289 | |
| rela-dependent (p)ppgpp production controls exoenzyme synthesis in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. | in this report, we investigate the link between nutrient limitation, rela-mediated (p)ppgpp production, and virulence in the phytopathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. a rela null mutant (jwc7) was constructed by allelic exchange, and we confirmed that, unlike the wild-type progenitor, this mutant did not produce elevated levels of (p)ppgpp upon nutrient downshift. however, (p)ppgpp production could be restored in strain jwc7 during nutrient limitation by supplying rela in trans. durin ... | 2007 | 17766416 |
| phosphatidylinositol as a component of the ice nucleating site of pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbiola. | phosphatidylinositol has been identified as a major component of the ice nucleating site on the outer surface of two bacteria, pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbicola. plant lectins binding to inositol and a highly purified phosphatidylinositol-specific hydrolase (a c(ii) lipase) inhibited or decreased the efficiency of the ice nucleating activity (ina) of both bacteria. extracts of these two ina(+) bacteria had phosphatidylinositol synthase activity while extracts from related ina(-) pseudom ... | 1984 | 17759892 |
| host-specific phytotoxic polysaccharide from apple tissue infected by erwinia amylovora. | a toxin isolated from apple fruit tissue infected by erwinia amylovora is 98 percent galactose in polymeric form, 0.375 percent protein, and has an average molecular weight of approximately 165,000. young shoots of rosaceous, but not nonrosaceous, species wilt in a manner characteristic of the disease when placed in toxin solutions with concentrations as low as 10 micrograms per milliliter. varieties of apple and pear susceptible to erwinia amylovora wilt in 1 to 3 hours, whereas resistant varie ... | 1974 | 17738972 |
| antagonistic action of harpin proteins: hrpwea from erwinia amylovora suppresses hrpnea-induced cell death in arabidopsis thaliana. | harpins are proteins secreted by the type-three secretion system of phytopathogenic bacteria. they are known to induce a hypersensitive response (hr) in non-host plant leaf tissue. erwinia amylovora, the fire blight pathogen of pear and apple trees, secretes two different harpins, hrpnea and hrpwea. in the present study, we showed that an erwinia amylovora hrpwea mutant induces stronger electrolyte leakages in arabidopsis thaliana foliar disks than the wild-type strain, thus suggesting that hrpw ... | 2007 | 17726062 |
| molecular basis of the activity of the phytopathogen pectin methylesterase. | we provide a mechanism for the activity of pectin methylesterase (pme), the enzyme that catalyses the essential first step in bacterial invasion of plant tissues. the complexes formed in the crystal using specifically methylated pectins, together with kinetic measurements of directed mutants, provide clear insights at atomic resolution into the specificity and the processive action of the erwinia chrysanthemi enzyme. product complexes provide additional snapshots along the reaction coordinate. w ... | 2007 | 17717531 |
| one step engineering of t7-expression strains for protein production: increasing the host-range of the t7-expression system. | the t7-expression system has been very useful for protein expression in escherichia coli. however, it is often desirable to over-express proteins in species other than e. coli. here, we constructed an inducible broad-host-range t7-expression transposon, which allows simple one-step construction of t7-expression strains in various species, providing the option to over-express proteins of interest in a broader host-range. this transposon contains the t7 rna polymerase driven by the lacuv5 promoter ... | 2007 | 17716915 |
| athipm, an ortholog of the apple hrpn-interacting protein, is a negative regulator of plant growth and mediates the growth-enhancing effect of hrpn in arabidopsis. | hrpn (harpin) protein is critical to the virulence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora in host plants like apple (malus x domestica). moreover, exogenous treatment of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), a nonhost plant, with partially purified hrpn enhances growth. to address the bases of the effects of hrpn in disease, we sought a hrpn-interacting protein(s) in apple, using a yeast two-hybrid assay. a single positive clone, designated hipm (hrpn-interacting protein from malus), was fo ... | 2007 | 17704235 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the pctx-m3 plasmid and its involvement in spread of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blactx-m-3. | here we report the nucleotide sequence of pctx-m3, a highly conjugative plasmid that is responsible for the extensive spread of the gene coding for the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in clinical populations of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland. the plasmid belongs to the incl/m incompatibility group, is 89,468 bp in size, and carries 103 putative genes. besides bla(ctx-m-3), it also bears the bla(tem-1), aacc2, and arma genes, as well as integronic aada2, dfra12, and sul1, which ... | 2007 | 17698626 |
| involvement of cathepsin b in the plant disease resistance hypersensitive response. | a diverse range of plant proteases are implicated in pathogen perception and in subsequent signalling and execution of disease resistance. we demonstrate, using protease inhibitors and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs), that the plant papain cysteine protease cathepsin b is required for the disease resistance hypersensitive response (hr). vigs of cathepsin b prevented programmed cell death (pcd) and compromised disease resistance induced by two distinct non-host bacterial pathogens. it also su ... | 2007 | 17697096 |
| pharmacoanalytical assays of erwinia asparaginase (erwinase) and pharmacokinetic results in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (hr all) patients: simulations of erwinase population pk-pd models. | asparaginases are the cornerstone therapy of many successful combination regimens for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), the most common malignancy in children and adolescents. currently, two asparaginase formulations are available in the us, native escherichia coli asparaginase (asnase) and pegaspargase. a third formulation native erwinia asparaginase (erwinase, erw) has recently been made available under a licensing exception for personal use. we report here the development a ... | 2007 | 17695416 |
| short-tailed stx phages exploit the conserved yaet protein to disseminate shiga toxin genes among enterobacteria. | infection of escherichia coli by shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages (stx phages) was the pivotal event in the evolution of the deadly shiga toxin-encoding e. coli (stec), of which serotype o157:h7 is the most notorious. the number of different bacterial species and strains reported to produce shiga toxin is now more than 500, since the first reported stec infection outbreak in 1982. clearly, stx phages are spreading rapidly, but the underlying mechanism for this dissemination has not been expla ... | 2007 | 17693515 |
| [preliminary characteristic of dna-containing virus-like particles of erwinia carotovora]. | dna-containing particles formed by the expression of the defect prophages of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) have been revealed for the first time. two types of virus-like particles (vlp) occur in this phytopathogenic bacterium. capsides of the first type vlp are weakly identified at agarose electrophoretic separation while dna released from them are presented by distinct reflexes. mobility of the second type particles is close to that of separate capsids of the temperate phage zf40. dna p ... | 2007 | 17682527 |
| mechanisms of antagonism of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e against erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. | pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e was selected during a screening procedure for its high efficacy in controlling infections by erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease, on different plant materials. in field trials carried out in pear trees during bloom, eps62e colonized flowers until the carrying capacity, providing a moderate efficacy of fire-blight control. the putative mechanisms of eps62e antagonism against e. amylovora were studied. eps62e did not produce antimicrobial compo ... | 2007 | 17661291 |
| gliding arc discharge in the potato pathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: mechanism of lethal action and effect on membrane-associated molecules. | gliding arc (glidarc) discharge is a physicochemical technique for decontamination at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. it leads to the destruction of bacterial phytopathogens responsible for important losses in industrial agriculture, namely, erwinia spp., without the formation of resistant forms. we investigated the effect of a novel optimized prototype allowing bacterial killing without lag time. this prototype also decreases the required duration of treatment by 50%. the study of ... | 2007 | 17644644 |
| characterization of the erwinia chrysanthemi gan locus, involved in galactan catabolism. | beta-1,4-galactan is a major component of the ramified regions of pectin. analysis of the genome of the plant pathogenic bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi revealed the presence of a cluster of eight genes encoding proteins potentially involved in galactan utilization. the predicted transport system would comprise a specific porin ganl and an abc transporter made of four proteins, ganfgk(2). degradation of galactans would be catalyzed by the periplasmic 1,4-beta-endogalactanase gana, which released o ... | 2007 | 17644603 |
| the linker region plays a key role in the adaptation to cold of the cellulase from an antarctic bacterium. | the psychrophilic cellulase, cel5g, from the antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is composed of a catalytic module (cm) joined to a carbohydrate-binding module (cbm) by an unusually long, extended and flexible linker region (lr) containing three loops closed by three disulfide bridges. to evaluate the possible role of this region in cold adaptation, the lr was sequentially shortened by protein engineering, successively deleting one and two loops of this module, whereas the last di ... | 2007 | 17635108 |
| development of molecular markers linked to the 'fiesta' linkage group 7 major qtl for fire blight resistance and their application for marker-assisted selection. | a fire blight resistance qtl explaining 34.3%-46.6% of the phenotypic variation was recently identified on linkage group 7 of apple cultivar 'fiesta' (f7). however, markers flanking this qtl were aflp and rapd markers unsuitable for marker-assisted selection (mas). two rapd markers bracketing the qtl have been transformed into scar (sequence-characterized amplified region) markers, and an ssr marker specific for the region was developed. pedigree analysis of 'fiesta' with these markers enabled t ... | 2007 | 17632578 |
| thrombosis and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. | venous thrombosis is more frequent in patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) than other malignancies and has distinctive causes, clinical features and remedies. the reported incidence varies from 1% to 36%, depending on the chemotherapy protocol and whether the reported cases are symptomatic or detected on screening radiography. the risk is thought to arise from increased thrombin generation at diagnosis combined with reduced thrombin inhibitory capacity due to depletion of cir ... | 2007 | 17608766 |
| sucrose-mediated priming of plant defense responses and broad-spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of the maize pathogenesis-related prms protein in rice plants. | expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes is part of the plant's natural defense response against pathogen attack. the prms gene encodes a fungal-inducible pr protein from maize. here, we demonstrate that expression of prms in transgenic rice confers broad-spectrum protection against pathogens, including fungal (magnaporthe oryzae, fusarium verticillioides, and helminthosporium oryzae) and bacterial (erwinia chrysanthemi) pathogens. the prms-mediated disease resistance in rice plants is asso ... | 2007 | 17601170 |
| arabidopsis thaliana expresses multiple lines of defense to counterattack erwinia chrysanthemi. | many taxonomically diverse plant species are attacked by erwinia chrysanthemi, a member of the causal agents of soft-rotting diseases. symptom development is due to the collective action of pectin-degrading enzymes secreted by the bacterium through a type ii secretion system (t2ss). using arabidopsis thaliana as a susceptible host, we show that plants respond to e. chrysanthemi 3937 by expressing cell-wall reactions, production of an oxidative burst, and activation of salicylic acid (sa) and jas ... | 2007 | 17601167 |
| inhibition of quorum sensing-regulated behaviors by scorzonera sandrasica. | many gram-negative bacteria use n-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules to monitor their own population density and coordinate gene regulation in a process called quorum sensing (qs). increasing evidence implies that certain eukaryotes produce qs-inhibitory compounds. in this work, we tested 46 terrestrial plants materials for their ability to inhibit qs-regulated behaviors in different bacterial species. plant materials were dried and extracted using different solvents. the chloroform-solubl ... | 2007 | 17597339 |
| comparison of specificity and sensitivity of immunochemical and molecular techniques for reliable detection of erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora [(burrill) winslow et al.] (ea), the causal agent of fire blight, was detected in plant samples and pure bacterial cultures by means of pcr, ifas and elisa. polyclonal antibodies of neogen europe ltd. were used for ifas and pta-elisa and laboratory-generated primers eaf72 and ear560 for pcr. using the biolog system and an immature pear fruit assay, identities of all ea strains were confirmed as the fire blight bacterium. in assays of pure ea cultures, pta-elisa, and both ifas a ... | 2007 | 17575916 |
| differential regulation of two oligogalacturonate outer membrane channels, kdgn and kdgm, of dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi). | the entry of oligogalacturonates into dickeya dadantii occurs through the specific channel kdgm. the genome of the bacterium encodes a second member of this family of outer membrane proteins, kdgn. we showed that this protein is also involved in the uptake of oligogalacturonates. when kdgn was reconstituted in proteoliposomes, it formed channels with a conductance of about 450 ps at a positive potential. these channels had weak anionic selectivity. the regulation of kdgn is complex, and five gen ... | 2007 | 17573480 |
| [isolation and identification of rhodosporidium toruloides r1 degrading n-acyl homoserine lactone]. | in the present study, a ahl-utilizing strain ri was isolated and identified as the genus rhodosporidium toruloides r1 by physi-biochemical approaches and 18s rdna sequence analysis, and this strain was designated as r. toruloides r1. results showed that r. toruloides r1 exhibited the ability to utilize and degrade the all n-acyl homoserine lactones tested in this study. coculture of r. toruloides r1 with erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora effectively inhibit the soft rot disease of patato caus ... | 2007 | 17552249 |
| [study of hrpn(csds001) and the gene expression profile of arabidopsis thaliana induced by harpin(csds001)]. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora csds001 elicits hypersensitive reaction (hr) in tobacco. from the genomic libraries of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora csds001, the hrpncsds001 gene (genbank number ay939927), was isolated. the hrpncsds001 fusion protein was produced in escherichia coli, and was used to induce hr by injecting into tobacco. we further examined the global regulation of arabidopsis thaliana genes in response to harpincsds001 at a concentration of 30 miccrog/ml. we indicated ... | 2007 | 17548335 |
| characterization of a broad range antibacterial substance from a new bacillus species isolated from amazon basin. | a bacillus sp. strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain has low sequence similarity with most bacillus spp., suggesting a new species was isolated. the antimicrobial activity was detected starting at the exponential growth phase, and maximum activity was observed at stationary phase. the substance was inhibitory to a broad range of indicator strains, including pathogenic ... | 2007 | 17534601 |
| cloning and expression of streptomycin inactivating enzymes aph(6)-ia and aph(6)-id. | discovered in the 1940s by selman waksman, the aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin is clinically important in the treatment of tuberculosis worldwide. however, strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic bacteria have become resistant to streptomycin. one mechanism by which this can occur is through the action of phosphotransferases that attach a phosphate group to position 6 of the streptidine ring of streptomycin, thereby inactivating it. two such phosphotransferases are aph( ... | 2007 | 17531152 |
| recombinant dna technology in apple. | this review summarizes the achievements of almost 20 years of recombinant dna technology applied to apple, grouping the research results into the sections: developing the technology, insect resistance, fungal disease resistance, self-incompatibility, herbicide resistance, fire blight resistance, fruit ripening, allergens, rooting ability, and acceptance and risk assessment. the diseases fire blight, caused by erwinia amylovora, and scab, caused by venturia inaequalis, were and still are the prim ... | 2007 | 17522823 |
| the map kinase kinase mkk2 affects disease resistance in arabidopsis. | the arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) kinase 2 (mkk2) was shown to mediate cold and salt stress responses through activation of the two map kinases mpk4 and mpk6. transcriptome analysis of plants expressing constitutively active mkk2 (mkk2-ee plants) showed altered expression of genes induced by abiotic stresses but also a significant number of genes involved in defense responses. both mpk4 and mpk6 became rapidly activated upon pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 infection ... | 2007 | 17506336 |
| [nature of the cryptic plasmid pca25 of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 48a]. | high specificity of tn9 transposition into the cryptic plasmid pca25 of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 48a was established on the basis of the comparative restriction analysis of dna by endonucleases ecorv and psti. under the extremal conditions of growth (1% sds) the plasmid pca25:: tn9 loses about 50 % of transpozone sequence, however the cells are not healed of extrachromosomal dna. the inheritance stability, side by side with site-specific transposition and deleting of tn9, confirms a ... | 2007 | 17494331 |
| [physico-chemical properties of temperate bacteriophage zf40 of erwinia carotovora]. | a method of efficient purification of the extremely instable virions of the temperate bacteriophage zf40 of erwinia carotovora was proposed in the work. the stage-by-stage centrifugation in mentrizamide and caesium chloride gradients permitted to obtain highly purified phage preparations which were used for studying the protein composition of the studied erwiniophage. it was established that the buoyant density of the phage zf40 was 1.23 g/cm3, 1.49 g/cm3 and 1.27 g/cm3 in the gradients of metri ... | 2007 | 17494330 |
| directed evolution for increased chitinase activity. | directed evolution through dna shuffling and screening was used to enhance the catalytic ability of a fungal, beauveria bassiana, chitinase, bbchit1. the bbchit gene was first linked to various prokaryotic signal sequences and expressed in escherichia coli. the signal peptide, pelb, from erwinia carotovora resulted in greatest chitinase secretion into broth. the nucleotide sequence expressing pelb signal peptide was then incorporated into an e. coli vector to express bbchit1 variants generated b ... | 2007 | 17468866 |
| identification and functional analysis of a phytoene desaturase gene from the extremely radioresistant bacterium deinococcus radiodurans. | the phytoene-related desaturases are the key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. the gene encoding phytoene desaturase in the deinoxanthin synthesis pathway of deinococcus radiodurans was identified and characterized. two putative phytoene desaturase homologues (dr0861 and dr0810) were identified by analysis of conserved amino acid regions, and the former displayed the highest identity (68 %) with phytoene desaturase of the cyanobacterium gloeobacter violaceus. dr0861 gene knockout a ... | 2007 | 17464079 |
| relationships of plant pathogenic enterobacteria based on partial atpd, cara, and reca as individual and concatenated nucleotide and peptide sequences. | relationships of the genera in the enterobacteriaceae containing plant pathogenic species: brenneria, dickeya, enterobacter, erwinia, pantoea, pectobacterium, and samsonia, were investigated by comparison of their nucleotide and peptide sequences of atpd, cara, reca, and the concatenated sequences. erwinia spp. and pantoea spp., with pectobacterium cypripedii, formed a group distinct from other pathogenic taxa. pectobacterium, brenneria, dickeya, and samsonia formed a contiguous clade. samsonia ... | 2007 | 17451899 |
| specific recognition of saturated and 4,5-unsaturated hexuronate sugars by a periplasmic binding protein involved in pectin catabolism. | the process of pectin depolymerization by pectate lyases and glycoside hydrolases produced by pectinolytic organisms, particularly the phytopathogens from the genus erwinia, is reasonably well understood. indeed each extracellular and intracellular catabolic stage has been identified using either genetic, bioinformatic or biochemical approaches. nevertheless, the molecular details of many of these stages remain unknown. in particular, the mechanism and ligand binding profiles for the transport o ... | 2007 | 17451747 |
| [modification of recombinant asparaginase from erwinia carotovora with polyethylene glycol 5000]. | a method for polyethylene conjugation with recombinant asparaginase has been developed to improve therapeutically important properties of this enzyme. methoxy-nitrophenyl carbamate of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 5000 was employed as the modification reagent. optimization of pegylation procedure allowed achieving high level of the enzyme modification. under 4.5 molar excess of modification reagent more than 10 molecules of methoxy-polyethylene bound per one asparaginase molecular. t ... | 2007 | 17436691 |
| evaluation of two surface sampling methods for detection of erwinia herbicola on a variety of materials by culture and quantitative pcr. | this research was designed to evaluate surface sampling protocols for use with culture and quantitative pcr (qpcr) amplification assay for detection of the gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulant erwinia herbicola on a variety of surface materials. surfaces selected for evaluation were wood laminate, glass and computer monitor screens, metal file cabinets, plastic arena seats, nylon seat cushions, finished concrete flooring, and vinyl tile flooring. laboratory and test chamber studies were pe ... | 2007 | 17416685 |
| clinical pharmacology of asparaginases in the united states: asparaginase population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (pk-pd) models (nonmem) in adult and pediatric all patients. | in the past 25 years, effective new drugs along with better treatment decisions based on disease factors have resulted in significantly improved clinical outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. despite these successes in the last 2 decades, 15% to 25% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients relapse. therefore, better dosing therapies are still needed. insights in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (pk-pd) contributions of licensed drugs may guide us into better protocol design and optima ... | 2007 | 17414566 |
| metabolic engineering of potato carotenoid content through tuber-specific overexpression of a bacterial mini-pathway. | since the creation of "golden rice", biofortification of plant-derived foods is a promising strategy for the alleviation of nutritional deficiencies. potato is the most important staple food for mankind after the cereals rice, wheat and maize, and is extremely poor in provitamin a carotenoids. | 2007 | 17406674 |
| increasing survival and efficacy of a bacterial biocontrol agent of fire blight of rosaceous plants by means of osmoadaptation. | the efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e in the biocontrol of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apple and pear, depends on the colonization of plant surfaces after spray application. a procedure to increase cell survival in the phyllosphere was developed consisting of saline stress and osmolyte amendment to the growth medium during inoculum preparation. hyperosmotic stress induced the synthesis of the osmolytes trehalose, n-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide and glucosyl-g ... | 2007 | 17391328 |
| preliminary development of real time pcr for quantification of erwinia species infecting potato tubers. | 2006 | 17390875 | |
| possibility of the use of solanum brevides based soft rot resistance in potato breeding. | in our experiments we dealt with the bacterial soft rot of potato caused by erwinia species. in the experiments back cross progenies (bc1, bc2, bc3 and bc4) of solanum brevidens + solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids produced by the potato research centre, keszthely were tested to the infection of e. carotovora ssp. carotovora (eca) and e. chrysanthemi (echr). all together 29 bc genotypes pre selected from several hundred breeding lines based on their preferred agronomical appearance and virus resi ... | 2006 | 17390858 |
| using aqueous chlorine dioxide to prevent contamination of tomatoes with salmonella enterica and erwinia carotovora during fruit washing. | chlorine dioxide (clo2) is an antimicrobial agent recognized for its disinfectant properties. in this study, the sanitizing effects of clo2 solutions against salmonella enterica and erwinia carotovora in water, on tomato surfaces, and between loads of tomatoes were evaluated. in water, clo2 at 5, 10, and 20 ppm caused a > or = 5-log reduction of s. enterica within 6, 4, and 2 s, respectively. higher lethality was observed with e. carotovora; a 5-log reduction was achieved after only 2 s with 10 ... | 2007 | 17388051 |
| mode of action of glycoside hydrolase family 5 glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase from erwinia chrysanthemi. | the mode of action of xylanase a from a phytopathogenic bacterium, erwinia chrysanthemi, classified in glycoside hydrolase family 5, was investigated on xylooligosaccharides and polysaccharides using tlc, maldi-tof ms and enzyme treatment with exoglycosidases. the hydrolytic action of xylanase a was found to be absolutely dependent on the presence of 4-o-methyl-d-glucuronosyl (meglca) side residues in both oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. neutral linear beta-1,4-xylooligosaccharides and est ... | 2007 | 17381510 |
| efflux pump gene expression in erwinia chrysanthemi is induced by exposure to phenolic acids. | salicylic acid (sa) is an important signaling molecule in local and systemic plant resistance. following infection by microbial pathogens and the initial oxidative burst in plants, sa accumulation functions in the amplification of defense gene expression. production of pathogenesis-related proteins and toxic antimicrobial chemicals serves to protect the plant from infection. successful microbial pathogens utilize a variety of mechanisms to rid themselves of toxic antimicrobial compounds. importa ... | 2007 | 17378434 |
| early chloroplastic alterations analysed by optical coherence tomography during a harpin-induced hypersensitive response. | the hypersensitive response has been mostly studied by molecular and biochemical methods after sample destruction. the development of imaging techniques allows the monitoring of physiological changes before any signs of cell death. here, we follow the early steps of a hypersensitive-like response induced by the bacterial elicitor harpin in nicotiana sp. we describe cytological modifications after inoculation of the harpin protein, using confocal fluorescence microscopy (cfm) and optical coherenc ... | 2007 | 17376167 |
| quorum sensing, virulence and secondary metabolite production in plant soft-rotting bacteria. | quorum sensing describes the ability of bacteria to sense their population density and respond by modulating gene expression. in the plant soft-rotting bacteria, such as erwinia, an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes is produced in a cell density-dependent manner, which causes maceration of plant tissue. however, quorum sensing is central not only to controlling the production of such destructive enzymes, but also to the control of a number of other virulence determinants and secondary ... | 2007 | 17360277 |
| proteomic analysis of a non-virulent mutant of the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi deficient in osmoregulated periplasmic glucans: change in protein expression is not restricted to the envelope, but affects general metabolism. | osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) are general constituents of the envelope of gram-negative bacteria. they are required for full virulence of bacterial phytopathogens such as pseudomonas syringae, xanthomonas campestris and erwinia chrysanthemi. e. chrysanthemi is a pectinolytic gamma-proteobacterium that causes soft rot disease on a wide range of plant species. in addition to the loss of virulence, opg mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype that affects motility, bile-salt resistance, e ... | 2007 | 17322196 |
| amyloidogenesis of type iii-dependent harpins from plant pathogenic bacteria. | harpins are heat-stable, glycine-rich type iii-secreted proteins produced by plant pathogenic bacteria, which cause a hypersensitive response (hr) when infiltrated into the intercellular space of tobacco leaves; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which harpins cause plant cell death remain unclear. in this study, we determined the biochemical characteristics of hpag, the first harpin identified from a xanthomonas species, under plant apoplast-like conditions using electron microscopy and cir ... | 2007 | 17314101 |
| tailoring structure-function properties of l-asparaginase: engineering resistance to trypsin cleavage. | bacterial l-asnases (l-asparaginases) catalyse the conversion of l-asparagine into l-aspartate and ammonia, and are widely used for the treatment of all (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia). in the present paper, we describe an efficient approach, based on protein chemistry and protein engineering studies, for the construction of trypsin-resistant pegylated l-asnase from erwinia carotovora (ecal-asnase). limited proteolysis of ecal-asnase with trypsin was found to be associated with a first cleavage ... | 2007 | 17313368 |
| identification and characterization of a novel periplasmic polygalacturonic acid binding protein from yersinia enterolitica. | a number of bacteria in the family enterobacteriaceae harbor the genes comprising well-developed pectinolytic pathways (e.g. erwinia sp.) or abridged versions of this pathway (e.g. yersinia sp.). one of the most enigmatic components present in some of these pathways is a small gene that encodes a predicted secreted protein of approximately 160 amino acid residues with unknown function. this protein shows distant amino acid sequence similarity over its entire length to galactose-specific family 3 ... | 2007 | 17292916 |
| purification of l-asparaginase from a bacteria erwinia carotovora and effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative on some of its kinetic parameters. | l-asparaginase shows antileukemic activity and is generally administered in the body in combination with other anticancer drugs like pyrimidine derivatives. in the present study, l-asparaginase was purified from a bacteria erwinia carotovora and the effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative (1-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-thioxo, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester) was studied on the kinetic parameters km and vmax of the enzyme using l-asparagine as substrate. the enzyme had ... | 2006 | 17285805 |
| rpos as an intermediate in rsma-dependent regulation of secondary antifungal metabolites biosynthesis in pseudomonas sp. m18. | to investigate the regulatory mechanism governing antifungal metabolite biosynthesis, two kinds of global regulator genes in pseudomonas sp. m18, an rpos and an rsma gene, were cloned and mutated by inserting with an aacc1 cassette, respectively. two mutants showed the same regulatory mode with repression of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and remarkable enhancement of pyoluteorin. in the rpos-mutant, a translational rsma'-'lacz fusion was expressed at the same level corresponding to that in the wil ... | 2007 | 17263850 |
| the hrpn(ea) harpin from erwinia amylovora triggers differential responses on the nonhost arabidopsis thaliana cells and on the host apple cells. | erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative necrogenic bacterium causing fire blight of the maloideae subfamily of rosaceae such as apple and pear. it provokes progressive necrosis in aerial parts of susceptible host plants (compatible interaction) and a hypersensitive reaction (hr) when infiltrated in nonhost plants (incompatible interaction). the hrpn(ea) harpin is a type three secretion system effector secreted by e. amylovora. this protein is involved in pathogenicity and hr-eliciting capacity of e ... | 2007 | 17249426 |
| [intragenome heterogeneity of the temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora]. | it has been shown that the temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora combines in it two kinds of intragenome heterogeneity--cyclic permutation and cohesive end structures. the latter reassociate more quickly than analogous cos-sites of the phage lambda escherichia coli. a series of clear-mutants was found after the temperature inactivation of the phage particles; they are the components of the complementation group being involved in the repressor gene. one of the mutants, zf40c(5/5), was i ... | 2006 | 17243365 |
| [phage system for studying the restriction-modification of erwinia carotovora]. | a model for revealing and type identifying the systems of restriction-modification of phytopathogenic bacterium ewinia carotovora with the help of two virulent polyvalent phages-fe 44 and t7 is proposed in the work. the joint use of the phages permits to identify both the limitations of phages development on the part of rm-systems of three major types, and on the part of the competing episomes. the proposed system also allows to reveal other kinds of limitations, in particular those connected wi ... | 2006 | 17243364 |
| contained metabolic engineering in tomatoes by expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes from the plastid genome. | applications of chloroplast engineering in agriculture and biotechnology will depend critically on success in extending the crop range of chloroplast transformation, and on the feasibility of expressing transgenes in edible organs (such as tubers and fruits), which often are not green and thus are much less active in chloroplast gene expression. we have improved a recently developed chloroplast-transformation system for tomato plants and applied it to engineering one of the central metabolic pat ... | 2007 | 17241450 |
| epiphytic fitness of a biological control agent of fire blight in apple and pear orchards under mediterranean weather conditions. | the behaviour of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e was investigated in apple and pear orchards under mediterranean climatic conditions. the trials studied the influence of weather conditions, plant host species, presence of indigenous microbial community and spread from treated to nontreated trees on colonization and survival. population dynamics were assessed by real-time pcr and cfu-counting methods. with inoculated flowers, weather conditions were optimal for colonization, and eps62e established ... | 2007 | 17233751 |
| a simple enzymatic synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl beta-1,4-d-xylobioside, a chromogenic substrate for assay and differentiation of endoxylanases. | a simple procedure has been elaborated for preparation of 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranosyl-1,4-beta-d-xylopyranoside (npx(2)), a chromogenic substrate of some endo-beta-1,4-xylanases. the procedure is based on a self-transfer reaction from 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside catalyzed by an aureobasidium pullulans and aspergillus niger beta-xylosidases. both enzymes catalyzed only the formation of 4-nitrophenyl glycosides of beta-1,4-xylobiose with a small admixture of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside ... | 2007 | 17223215 |
| fusion of the genes for ahl-lactonase and s-layer protein in bacillus thuringiensis increases its ability to inhibit soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora. | two genes, ctc and ctc2, responsible for surface layer (s-layer) protein synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis ctc, were mutated and resulted in b. thuringiensis tr5. to synthesize and express the n-acyl-homoserine lactonase (ahl-lactonase) in the extracellular space of b. thuringiensis, the aiia ( 4q7 ) gene (an ahl-lactonase gene from b. thuringiensis 4q7), which confers the ability to inhibit plant soft rot disease in b. thuringiensis 4q7, was fused with the upstream sequence of the ctc gene, w ... | 2007 | 17216466 |
| ferritins, bacterial virulence and plant defence. | the enterobacterial pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft rot diseases on a wide range of plants, including the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. this bacterium proliferates in the host by secreting a set of pectin degrading enzymes responsible for symptom development. in addition, survival of this bacterium in planta requires two high-affinity iron acquisition systems mediated by siderophores and protective systems against oxidative damages, suggesting the implication by both partners of ac ... | 2007 | 17216356 |
| porin isolated from the outer membrane of erwinia amylovora and its encoding gene. | a major erwinia amylovora outer-membrane protein (omp-ea) and the gene encoding for this protein (omp-ea) were isolated and characterized. the native omp-ea protein forms a trimeric structure of approximately 114 kda. this protein demonstrated high resistance to detergents such as sds and octyl-glucopyranoside, but disaggregated to monomers with a molecular weight (mw) of approximately 39 kda after heating at 95 degrees c for 10 minutes in sample buffer. the pore-forming ability of the oligomeri ... | 2007 | 17211539 |
| a comparison of enzymatic phosphorylation and phosphatidylation of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides. | enzymatic 5'-monophosphorylation and 5'-phosphatidylation of a number of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides was investigated. the first reaction, catalyzed by nucleoside phosphotransferase (npt) from erwinia herbicola, consisted of the transfer of the phosphate residue from p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-npp) to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nucleoside; the second was the phospholipase d (pld)-catalyzed transphosphatidylation of l-alpha-lecithin with a series of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides as the phosphati ... | 2007 | 17206374 |
| proteomic analysis of the carbonate insoluble outer membrane fraction of the soft-rot pathogen dickeya dadantii (syn. erwinia chrysanthemi) strain 3937. | we present results of the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of the outer membrane of the bacterial phytopathogen dickeya dadantii strain 3937 and its response to virulence-contributing factors such as host plant extract, acidic stress, and iron starvation. we analyzed the carbonate-insoluble membrane fractions, which are highly enriched for outer membrane proteins, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified the proteins by maldi-tof ms. forty unique proteins were identified, some ... | 2007 | 17203949 |
| genetic analysis of the pela-pele cluster encoding the acidic and basic pectate lyases in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | in erwinia chrysanthemi (ec16) the clustered pela and pele genes encode an acidic (pi 4.2) and a basic (pi 10.0) pectate lyase (pel), respectively. the pela gene has been isolated on a 1.2 kb restriction fragment and the direction of transcription determined. dna hybridization analysis showed that the pele sequence shares dna homology with pela but not with pelb or pelc, two genes encoding other pel species in ec16. since pel a and pel e enzymes showed little similarity in terms of catalytic pro ... | 1987 | 17193715 |
| low-abundance kutznerides from kutzneria sp. 744. | five new (5-9) and four known (1-4) kutznerides were isolated from the actinomycete kutzneria sp. 744. compounds 1-9 all consisted of a cyclohexadepsipeptide core with the general structure 2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-d-glycine-(2s,3ar,8as)-6,7-dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid-3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid-o-methyl-l-serine-l-piperazic acid-(s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid. compounds 5, 6, and 8 contained erythro-3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid, whereas 7 ... | 2006 | 17190458 |
| global effect of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis on multiple virulence factors of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | production of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is widespread among plant-associated microorganisms. the non-gall-forming phytopathogen erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 (strain ech3937) possesses iaam (asap16562) and iaah (asap16563) gene homologues. in this work, the null knockout iaam mutant strain ech138 was constructed. the iaa production by ech138 was reduced in m9 minimal medium supplemented with l-tryptophan. compared with wild-type ech3937, ech138 exhibited reduced ability to produce ... | 2007 | 17189441 |
| investigations into the in vitro antimicrobial activity and mode of action of the phenazine antibiotic d-alanylgriseoluteic acid. | d-alanylgriseoluteic acid (aga) is a potent antimicrobial phenazine compound produced by pantoea agglomerans (erwinia herbicola) eh1087. susceptibility tests against a range of microbes indicated that aga had a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and was particularly active against gram-positive pathogens. comparison of the in vitro efficacy of aga with eight other antibiotics against 119 clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that all were inhibited by low concentration ... | 2007 | 17189100 |
| isomaltulose production using free cells: optimisation of a culture medium containing agricultural wastes and conversion in repeated-batch processes. | the enzyme glucosyltransferase is an industrially important enzyme since it produces non-cariogenic isomaltulose (6-o-alpha-d-glucopyronosyl-1-6-d-fructofuranose) from sucrose by intramolecular transglucosylation. the experimental designs and response surface methodology (rsm) were applied for the optimisation of the nutrient concentrations in the culture medium for the production of glucosyltransferase by erwinia sp. d12 in shaken flasks at 200 rpm and 30 degrees c. a statistical analysis of th ... | 2007 | 17186209 |
| identification of a key functional region in harpins from xanthomonas that suppresses protein aggregation and mediates harpin expression in e. coli. | in the current study, we identified a key functional region in harpins from xanthomonas that suppressed protein aggregation and mediated its expression in e. coli. our data suggested that the presence of two common features in harpins [wei et al. (1992) science 257:85-88], namely, high glycine content and lack of cysteine residues, were not sufficient for xanthomonas to elicit hypersensitive response (hr) activity or heat stability. additionally, bioinformatic analyses revealed that the secondar ... | 2007 | 17180733 |
| erwinia tasmaniensis sp. nov., a non-phytopathogenic bacterium from apple and pear trees. | bacteria were isolated from flowers and bark of apple and pear trees at three places in australia. in victoria, tasmania and queensland, strains with white colonies on nutrient agar were screened for dome-shaped colony morphology on agar with sucrose and were found to be closely related by several criteria. the isolates were not pathogenic on apples or pears. they were characterized by a polyphasic approach including microbiological and api assays as well as fatty acid methyl ester analysis, dna ... | 2006 | 17159002 |
| atptr3, a wound-induced peptide transporter needed for defence against virulent bacterial pathogens in arabidopsis. | mutation in the wound-induced peptide transporter gene atptr3 (at5g46050) of arabidopsis thaliana has been shown to affect germination on media containing a high salt concentration. the heterologous expression in yeast was utilized to verify that the atptr3 protein transports di-and tripeptides. the t-dna insert in the atptr3-1 mutant in the arabidopsis ecotype c24 revealed two t-dna copies, the whole vector sequence, and the gus marker gene inserted in the second intron of the atptr3 gene. an a ... | 2007 | 17143616 |
| distinct and overlapping binding sites of pseudomonas aeruginosa hfq and rsma proteins on the non-coding rna rsmy. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa the rsm system is involved in regulation of quorum-sensing and virulence gene expression. our recent studies revealed that the stability and abundance of the non-coding rna rsmy, which antagonizes the translational regulator rsma, is dependent on hfq. here, we show that hfq and rsma bind concurrently to rsmy. enzymatic probing of rsmy rna in the presence of rsma and hfq verified the proposed -gga- motifs as rsma binding sites and located hfq binding sites in single-stra ... | 2007 | 17141182 |
| bacteria associated with orchid roots and microbial production of auxin. | associative bacteria of terrestrial (paphiopedilum appletonianum) and epiphytic (pholidota articulata) tropical orchids were investigated. microbial community of epiphytic plant differed from that of the terrestrial one. streptomyces, bacillus, pseudomonas, burkholderia, erwinia and nocardia strains populated paphiopedilum roots, whereas pseudomonas, flavobacterium, stenotrophomonas, pantoea, chryseobacterium, bacillus, agrobacterium, erwinia, burkholderia and paracoccus strains colonized pholid ... | 2007 | 17140781 |
| tobacco nectaries express a novel nadph oxidase implicated in the defense of floral reproductive tissues against microorganisms. | hydrogen peroxide produced from the nectar redox cycle was shown to be a major factor contributing to inhibition of most microbial growth in floral nectar; however, this obstacle can be overcome by the floral pathogen erwinia amylovora. to identify the source of superoxide that leads to hydrogen peroxide accumulation in nectary tissues, nectaries were stained with nitroblue tetrazolium. superoxide production was localized near nectary pores and inhibited by diphenylene iodonium but not by cyanid ... | 2007 | 17114277 |
| application of response surface methodology to cell immobilization for the production of palatinose. | response surface methodology (rsm), based on multivariate non-linear model, was applied to study the interactions and optimization of the immobilization parameters for cell entrapment, namely alginate concentration, cell loading and bead diameter using erwinia rhapontici ncppb 1578 that produced palatinose. anova analysis and statistical parameters calculations showed that rsm could be used effectively to model and improve a complex system like cell immobilization. palatinose yield was increased ... | 2007 | 17113282 |
| [introduction of transpozon tn9 to endogenic plasmids of erwinia carotovora during lysogenization of cells by coliphage p1]. | it has been shown that phage p1 of escherichia coli is able not only to lysogenize the cells of erwinia carotovora but also to be a source of transpozon tn9 for mutagenesis of cryptic plasmids of this important phytopathogen. since the amount of the introduction in one of plasmids pca25::tn9 is 3.8 kb, at an average, it is supposed that tn9 is inherited as a double tandem structure. a convenient method is offered for selecting bacterial clones carrying the plasmid pca25::tn9 which is based on co ... | 2006 | 17100326 |
| hypothesis tests for and against a simple order among proportions estimated by pooled testing. | the use of pooled testing as a means of estimating the prevalence of rare traits has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly in the areas of public health, genetics, animal-disease assessment, and plant pathology. in pooled-testing applications, observations are made on pools of individuals amalgamated together. in this paper, we examine order-restricted hypothesis tests involving k >2 binomial proportions estimated by pooled testing, extending the earlier work of tebbs and ... | 2006 | 17094344 |
| autoinducer-2 of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora and other plant-associated bacteria. | autoinducers are important for cellular communication of bacteria. the luxs gene has a central role in the synthesis of autoinducer-2 (ai-2). the gene was identified in a shotgun library of erwinia amylovora and primers designed for pcr amplification from bacterial dna. supernatants of several erwinia amylovora strains were assayed for ai-2 activity with a vibrio harveyi mutant and were positive. many other plant-associated bacteria also showed ai-2 activity such as erwinia pyrifoliae and erwini ... | 2007 | 17092294 |
| the survival of pathogens in soil treated with wastewater sludge and in potatoes grown in such soil. | the prevalence of pathogens on potatoes (solanum tuberosum) grown in soil amended with a pathogen rich wastewater sludge was investigated. bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae are important pathogens causing intestinal and systemic illness of humans and other animals. type b sludge was used. sludges investigated are the high metal and the low metal sludges. microorganisms in the sludge-amended soil were using culture-based technique. salmonella and e. coli were observed in tested soil sampl ... | 2006 | 17087382 |
| rovm, a novel lysr-type regulator of the virulence activator gene rova, controls cell invasion, virulence and motility of yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | rova is a marr-type transcriptional regulator that controls transcription of rova, the expression of the primary invasive factor invasin and other virulence genes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in response to environmental signals. using a genetic approach to identify regulatory components that negatively influence rova expression, we identified a new lysr-type regulatory protein, designated rovm, which exhibits homology to the virulence regulator pect/hexa of plant pathogenic erwinia species. d ... | 2006 | 17074075 |
| cloning and expression of the erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora gene encoding the low-molecular-weight bacteriocin carocin s1. | the purpose of this study was to clone the carocin s1 gene and express it in a non-carocin-producing strain of erwinia carotovora. a mutant, th22-10, which produced a high-molecular-weight bacteriocin but not a low-molecular-weight bacteriocin, was obtained by tn5 insertional mutagenesis using h-rif-8-2 (a spontaneous rifampin-resistant mutant of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 89-h-4). using thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr, the dna sequence from the tn5 insertion site and the dna sequenc ... | 2007 | 17071754 |
| early responsive to dehydration 15, a negative regulator of abscisic acid responses in arabidopsis. | early responsive to dehydration 15 (erd15) is rapidly induced in response to various abiotic and biotic stress stimuli in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). modulation of erd15 levels by overexpression or rnai silencing altered the responsiveness of the transgenic plants to the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba). overexpression of erd15 reduced the aba sensitivity of arabidopsis manifested in decreased drought tolerance and in impaired ability of the plants to increase their freezing tolerance in ... | 2006 | 17056758 |
| application of signature-tagged mutagenesis to the study of virulence of erwinia amylovora. | to identify genes that contribute to the virulence of erwinia amylovora in plants, 1892 mutants were created and screened in pools of < or =96 mutants using signature-tagged mutagenesis. nineteen mutants were not recovered from apple shoots following inoculation, which suggested that the insertions in these mutants affected genes important for bacterial survival in planta. dna flanking the tn5 insertions in the 19 mutants was sequenced and analysed by blast. one mutant had a tn5 insertion in ams ... | 2006 | 17038049 |
| [molecular identification and genetic diversity in konnyaku's soft rot bacteria]. | the soft rot bacteria erwinia are an important pathogens of konnyaku and other ornamental plants. thirty-three strains were isolated from soft-rotted konnyaku and other ornamental plants. according to the characteristics of pathogenicity and culture character on semi selective medium (crystal violet pectate, cvp), most of strains tested caused rotten symptom in tubers and stems of konnyaku, and characteristic deep cavities were formed on cvp. to amplify 16s-23s rdna intergenic transcribed spacer ... | 2006 | 17037047 |
| production of soft rot resistant calla lily by expressing a ferredoxin-like protein gene (pflp) in transgenic plants. | an efficient protocol for the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of calla lily (zantedeschia elliottiana (w. wats.) engl. cultivar 'florex gold') is described. shoot basal discs were co-cultivated with a. tumefaciens c58c1 carrying a plasmid containing neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) and plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) genes. after agrobacterium co-cultivation, the shoot basal discs were exposed to 100 mg l(-1) kanamycin for selection. twenty-eight out of 260 discs (10.8% ... | 2007 | 17033825 |
| pr genes of apple: identification and expression in response to elicitors and inoculation with erwinia amylovora. | in the past decade, much work has been done to dissect the molecular basis of the defence signalling pathway in plants known as systemic acquired resistance (sar). most of the work has been carried out in model species such as arabidopsis, with little attention paid to woody plants. however within the range of species examined, components of the pathway seem to be highly conserved. in this study, we attempted to identify downstream components of the sar pathway in apple to serve as markers for i ... | 2006 | 17029637 |