Publications

hiv-risk practices among homeless and low-income housed mothers.	knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its risk behaviors have not been systematically studied in homeless mothers. the identification of the factors associated with hiv-risk practices will guide interventions for low-income housed and homeless women.	1999	10907622
the social geography of aids and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users.	while significant gains have been achieved in understanding and reducing aids and hepatitis risks among injection drug users (idus), it is necessary to move beyond individual-level characteristics to gain a fuller understanding of the impact of social context on risk. in this study, 6 qualitative methods were used in combination with more traditional epidemiologic survey approaches and laboratory bioassay procedures to examine neighborhood differences in access to sterile syringes among idus in ...	2000	10897181
inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase and risk of fracture among older women.	inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (statins) increase new bone formation in rodents and in human cells in vitro. statin use is associated with increased bone mineral density of the femoral neck. we undertook a population-based case-control study at six health-maintenance organisations in the usa to investigate further the relation between statin use and fracture risk among older women.	2000	10881890
pumps for peanuts: leveling the field in the neonatal intensive care unit.		2000	10879339
nitrogen and amino acid requirements: : the massachusetts institute of technology amino acid requirement pattern.	we review the current international recommendations concerning the protein (nitrogen) and amino acid requirements of healthy individuals, from infancy to the later years of adult life and describe the changes in the recommendations for protein that have been made, since those issued in 1985 by food and agriculture organization/world health organization/united nations university (fao/who/unu), by the international dietary energy consultative group. the current international requirements for the s ...	2000	10867061
physical and sexual abuse in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: increased illness and health care utilization.	a history of physical or sexual abuse is associated with increased health care utilization and possibly an increase in illness based largely on self-reported data.	2000	10847259
health of children adopted from china.	since 1989, american parents have adopted 18 846 chinese children. this study assesses the health and developmental status of these children after their arrival in the united states.	2000	10835089
surgeon scientist.	the origins and development of the renal transplant program at the peter bent brigham hospital (now the brigham and women's hospital) from the late 1940s to the present are reviewed. the program was initiated as a effort to understand hypertension as a cause of renal failure. the initial transplants were unmodified allogeneic grafts placed in the thigh, followed by extensive laboratory experiments on dogs. this research culminated with the first successful human transplant of a kidney between id ...	2000	10833241
differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses in infected african and caucasoid adults and children.	cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity plays a central role in control of viral replication and in determining outcome in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. incorporation of important ctl epitope sequences into candidate vaccines is, therefore, vital. most ctl studies have focused upon small numbers of adult caucasoid subjects infected with clade-b virus, whereas the global epidemic is most severe in sub-saharan african populations and predominantly involves clade-c i ...	2000	10823876
the jim interview. edward m. kennedy, united states senator.	senator edward m. kennedy has represented massachusetts in the united states senate for thirty-six years. he was first elected in 1962 to finish the term of his brother, president john f. kennedy. since then, he has been elected to six full terms, and he is now the third most senior member of the senate. the efforts to bring quality health care to every american is a battle that kennedy has been waging ever since he arrived in the senate. recent achievements include the health insurance portabil ...	2000	10822894
human rights and psychiatry: report on a teaching model.		2000	10749392
youth perceptions of comprehensive adolescent health services through the boston happens program.	the boston happens (hiv adolescent provider and peer education network for services) program is a collaborative network of care made up of 8 organizations that serve youth and provide coordinated care for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth aged 12 to 24 years. learning youth perceptions about the program is essential to determine if the program is meeting their needs.	2000	10736140
research. studies at harvard.		2000	10712756
tradition of basic and applied pigment cell research in marseilles.	melanogenesis, thyroid hormones and catecholamines synthesis share the same amino acid, free l-tyrosine for melanogenesis and catecholamines synthesis, l-tyrosine residues for thyroid hormones synthesis. the author describes basic and applied research on melanogenesis and thyroid hormones metabolism in biochemistry laboratory, school of medicine, marseilles since his arrival in 1962. he gives a short review of his participation in these two areas during his career in marseilles, yaoundé and bost ...	1999	10643992
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1998.	during 1998, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. more than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). decreases were evident in al ...	1999	10613210
toward the incrimination of epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in massachusetts: abundance of mosquito populations at epidemic foci.	putative epidemic/epizootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) vector populations were compared at 15 recent (1982-90) human and horse case sites in bristol and plymouth counties in southeastern massachusetts. carbon dioxide-baited american biophysics corporation light traps were used for trapping adult mosquitoes to estimate biting risk in these foci of known transmission. population data suggest that coquillettidia perturbans, aedes canadensis, and culex salinarius are more likely ve ...	1999	10612612
annual summary of vital statistics--1998.	most vital statistics indicators of the health of americans were stable or showed modest improvements between 1997 and 1998. the preliminary birth rate in 1998 was 14.6 births per 1000 population, up slightly from the record low reported for 1997 (14.5). the fertility rate, births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, increased 1% to 65.6 in 1998, compared with 65.0 in 1997. the 1998 increases, although modest, were the first since 1990, halting the steady decline in the number of births and birth ...	1999	10585972
elevated plasma eotaxin levels in patients with acute asthma.	the eosinophil chemotactic and activating effects of eotaxin and the known association of eosinophils with asthma suggest that eotaxin expression is increased during asthma exacerbations.	1999	10518822
a 15-year experience with varicella infections in a pediatric burn unit.	because of their well described global immunosuppression, varicella infection may be hazardous in burned children. it is therefore important to prevent cross-infections within pediatric burn units. we describe a 15-year experience with varicella in a pediatric burn unit, focusing on the morbidity associated with the infection and measures that have been effective in the prevention of cross-infection. we found that varicella infection in acutely burned children is associated with pneumonitis, but ...	1999	10431985
maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (boston, usa) and in an area with a low incidence (shanghai, china) of breast cancer.	characteristics probably associated with the fetal hormonal milieu have recently been shown to increase (birth size indicators, prematurity, neonatal jaundice) or decrease (pregnancy toxaemia) breast cancer risk in the female offspring. however, it is unknown whether differences in pregnancy hormone levels may contribute to the marked geographical variation in breast cancer incidence. we have compared, in a highly standardized manner, pregnancy hormone levels in a population with high incidence ...	1999	10408685
dermatologic manifestations in hiv-infected patients: a primary care perspective.	to document the prevalence of dermatologic manifestations in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on presentation to primary medical care.	1999	10405693
the predictive value of endometrial stripe thickness in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy who have an empty uterus at ultrasonography.	prior research suggests that, in patients with empty uteri at ultrasonography, endometrial stripe thickness may be predictive of ectopic pregnancy or the likelihood of obtaining chorionic villi after a dilatation and evacuation procedure (d+e). however, it is unclear whether the predictive value of endometrial stripe thickness is confined to patients with low beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hcg) values.	1999	10386677
trends in hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among high school students--selected u.s. cities, 1991-1997.	despite recent decreases in sexual risk behaviors among high school students nationwide, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was the seventh leading cause of death among persons aged 15-24 years in the united states during 1997. to determine whether the prevalence of hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among high school students also has decreased in certain urban areas heavily affected by the epidemic, cdc analyzed data from youth risk behavior surveys (yrbs) conducted in 1991, 1993, 199 ...	1999	10372501
conducting research with urban elders: issues of recruitment, data collection, and home visits.	the national institutes of health 1994 guidelines require inclusion of minorities in research. people seeking grants need to be aware of techniques for recruitment of minority populations. the boston university alzheimer's disease center addresses difficult recruitment issues that arise from a skeptical minority population. the approach uses home visits to circumvent many of the barriers to recruitment and retention of participants in research studies.	1999	10369516
gaining and sustaining minority participation in longitudinal research projects.	african-americans are often not enthusiastic about participating in alzheimer disease research due to past exploitation from medical and public health studies. to assure adequate representation from the african-american community, and to investigate the health needs of this population, strategies to recognize the problems and address the issues have been developed. the recruitment approach used existing connections in an urban community using culturally sensitive strategies. these strategies rec ...	1999	10369515
the role of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis.		1999	10361879
corporate compliance: critical to organizational success.	operation restore trust (ort) has focused increased governmental attention on health care fraud and abuse activities, making it more costly to be noncompliant, and thus has led to significant behavioral changes within the health care industry. initially five states (california, florida, illinois, new york, & texas) were included in the 1997 ort pilot program. this has been expanded to include arizona, colorado, georgia, louisiana, massachusetts, missouri, new jersey, ohio, pennsylvania, tennesse ...	1999	10335217
the dissenting opinions: biting the hands that won't feed.	the three dissenting opinions in brophy focus on concerns about the majority's decision to allow the withdrawal of food and water from a comatose patient. according to justice joseph nolan, who disagrees that food and liquids should be considered medical treatment, the decision "affronts logic, ethics, and the dignity of the human person." justice neil lynch, basing his argument on the state's interest in preserving life, says that the decision flouts the common law prohibition of suicide. justi ...	1986	10311790
developing a successful recruitment/retention plan for hospital pharmacy personnel.	due to various external factors, recruitment through traditional methods, such as newspaper ads, failed to produce the pool of applicants for hospital pharmacy staff positions it had in the past. as a result of this and other factors specific to university hospital, the number of staff pharmacists decreased from 11 to four full-time equivalents (ftes). the number of technicians dropped to the point where per diem nurses had to be hired to help make iv admixtures. through some short-term measures ...	1988	10302944
hhs antics trying courts' patience.		1988	10302777
hospital payment coalition formed.		1984	10299721
focus on: new england medical center medical engineering department.	the new england medical center can be traced back to 1796 when the boston dispensary opened the first hmo. now, the center complex covers four city blocks, offers 47 medical residency programs, has over $20 million in funded research, and includes a medical school, dental school, and the human nutrition research center. the medical engineering department began in 1971 as a joint venture between the center and tufts university. operated on a "fee-for-service" basis, the department consists of nin ...	1988	10290856
a child's fight for life: parents vs. doctors.		1978	10289142
judges at the bedside: the case of joseph saikewicz.		1978	10289106
recent medical malpractice reform measures in eight key states.	over the course of the past quarter century, technological developments in medical science have made it possible for physicians to save the lives and preserve the health of countless patients. unfortunately, it must be remembered that medicine is still as much an art as it is a science. as such, due to this human element, there is always the risk of occasional errors or failures in treatment. when these problems occur in bunches, the stage is set for a medical malpractice crisis. in an attempt t ...	1988	10287858
the neurological information network.	the neurological information network (nin) of the national institute of neurological and communicative disorders and stroke (nincds) was a loosely structured assemblage of a variety of information-transfer activities that existed for approximately 20 years, starting in the early 1960s. these activities included the neurosciences research program at the massachusetts institute of technology, the parkinson's disease information center at columbia university, the brain information service at ucla, ...	1987	10280918
design of a new medical record department: a case study.		1985	10274703
recognizing the human potential.		1984	10265322
social justice programs target discrimination, employment.		1983	10258663
the new professional--the human services worker--a survey of training needs.		1980	10250866
community health centers after fifteen years.		1980	10249733
psychological impact of medical equipment on patients.	this study involves the analysis of interviews with patients who are using complex medical machines. in particular, personal interviews were conducted with twenty-six patients who have undergone cardiac catheterization, ten patients utilizing a cardiac monitor, and ten people currently receiving renal dialysis treatments. the variables selected for this study fit into five general categories: 1) environment; 2) patient's personal anxiety; 3) staff interaction; 4) approach to machine; and 5) mach ...	1980	10248692
u and the 4 r's: uniform reporting, rate review and regulation.		1978	10243290
boston md leads drive to help jewish physicians leave russia.		1979	10240768
breastfeeding: volunteer counselors enter an age-old scenario.		1979	10240736
spotlight on the staff. human relations.		1977	10235938
medical outcomes trust conference presents dramatic advances in patient-based outcomes assessment and potential applications in accreditation.	background: at its fourth annual state-of-the-art health outcomes conference, november 2, 1998, the medical outcomes trust (boston) convened experts to review advances in outcomes assessment technology and potential applications in clinical trials, clinical practice, and accreditation. keynote address: "future directions in health status assessment" identified what needs to happen next in order to put patient-defined outcomes into the databases used in medical decision making. advances include a ...	1999	10228912
mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows--massachusetts, 1996-1998.	rabies is a viral zoonosis that is usually transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. however, in massachusetts, two incidents have been reported since 1996 of potential mass exposures to rabies through drinking unpasteurized milk. this report presents the investigations of these two incidents.	1999	10220255
from the centers for disease control and prevention. mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows--massachusetts, 1996-1998.		1999	10217041
smoking policies and practices in a state-supported residential system for people with mental retardation.	smoking policies and smoking practices of residents and employees in a state-supported residential system were investigated. smoking policies existed in almost every agency, although state- and vendor-operated programs had vastly different policies. state-operated programs prohibited employees from smoking in residences and restricted residents who smoked to designated areas. one third of vendor-operated agencies allowed residents and staff members to smoke in designated areas, whereas one quart ...	1999	10207576
teaming up for ergonomics? this facility shows you how.		1997	10172988
how to organize and implement health care ergonomics teams.	using a systems approach to safety and health management through a comprehensive ergonomic program addresses workplace processes, operations and conditions as interdependent systems in order to identify and eliminate or reduce all types of ergonomic hazards to employees. this document examines the way one health care facility improved its ergonomic program using this approach, from early data collection to implementation of the new plan. by creating several teams with different areas of concern, ...	1996	10172694
an ergonomics system aimed at preventing back injuries in health care.		1995	10172576
team work. blueprint builds effective ergonomic program.		1996	10162745
it's not the goal ... it's the journey.	his first real odyssey began 18 years ago in alaska. the goal was ecuador. he got as far as the panama canal. traveling man john glaser, now vice president of information systems at boston's brigham and women's hospital, learned long ago that the actual goal sometimes matters less than what happens along the way.	1994	10161109
the perfect fit. computerized patient scheduling requires the right mix of software, hardware, and human components.	as the arena of care widens beyond the hospital and begins to rely on moving patients around a scattered and diverse healthcare system, managers and clinicians will need a well-orchestrated method of keeping track of it all. for providers such as lahey clinical medical center, computerized patient scheduling is the key to a seamless system.	1996	10157463
developing people: a strategy for competitive advantage.	this article will provide vital insights, acquired in a recent study with eight manufacturing companies, to guide the development of a human resource development strategy. this study was a pilot for a larger study, planned for the fall of 1995 with 50 manufacturing companies randomly chosen from the directory of massachusetts high technology companies.	1995	10142101
new england medical center creates new community service role for human resources.		1993	10135853
human resources executives help employees balance professional and family needs.		1992	10135818
new england medical center integrates data into human resources decisions.		1992	10135793
hospice for aged persons without cancer: the experience of the hampshire county (ma) hospice.	hospice is an option for patients with terminal illness of all types. the advent of the medicare hospice benefit has led to a rise in numbers of hospice programs as well as hospice expenditure. terminal care provided through hospice has a demonstrable cost advantage over conventional terminal care. this difference may dissipate as medicare hospice expenditure continues to rise. an individual hospice program can define its mission within broad guidelines. a program electing to serve all terminall ...	1994	10134383
achieving a multicultural service orientation. adaptive models in service delivery and race and culture training.	human beings cannot be tossed together under the assumption that well-intentioned care will create a harmonious union. a multicultural service orientation does not eliminate all problems, but it does help reduce the likelihood of racial and cultural conflict between caregiver and client.	1992	10117714
the practical zealot. interview by joe flower.	in 1987, ellen gaucher took an unusual trip. as senior associate director of the university of michigan's sprawling 11,000-employee medical center, she was invited to a conference about a movement that was rapidly growing in the word of business--total quality. the occasion was the organizational conference of the national demonstration project on quality improvement in health care, led by the harvard community health plan in boston. gaucher was skeptical at first. total quality seemed a great w ...	1992	10116129
computer assisted neonatal parenteral nutrition order formatting.	neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions are a vital part of the treatment regimen for premature infants. protocols that dictate the formulation of these expensive intravenous solutions must assure absolute safety for the neonate. the procedure for the initiation, calculation, and compounding of parenteral nutrition solutions involves both physician and pharmacist. simplified physician ordering forms with printed guidelines for solution ingredients assists in error free ingredient prescribing. ph ...	1990	10113379
a comparison of health care offerings as perceived by employers.	this empirical study examines the health care coverage climate of 130 large and medium sized companies in new england. human resource managers and/or benefits managers were asked to compare the plans that they currently offer their employees on a number of points. the primary focus was in the area of cost and cost containment. an attempt is made to identify the cost containment trends that are now a very high priority among employers.	1991	10110433
on human perfection.		1999	10091555
multistate outbreak of listeriosis--united states, 1998.	since early august 1998, 40 illnesses caused by a single strain of listeria monocytogenes (lm) have been identified in 10 states: ohio (13 cases); new york; tennessee, massachusetts, and west virginia (three each); michigan (two); and connecticut, oregon, vermont, and georgia (one each). dates of illness onset or lm isolation ranged from august 2 through december 2. all lm isolates from these cases are serotype 4b and share an unusual pattern when subtyped either by pulsed-field gel electrophore ...	1998	9883769
accidental occupational exposure of intravenous nurses to human immunodeficiency virus. anticipating the consequences.	this descriptive study randomly surveyed all 302 massachusetts members of the intravenous nurses society in 1991 regarding their perceptions of nine possible consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection caused by accidental occupational exposure. areas of highest concern were financial: adequacy of worker's compensation, ability of the employer to cover all healthcare costs, and job security. nurses also were concerned about confidentiality of their hiv status and personal histor ...	1998	9866537
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997.	in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ...	1998	9861958
readmissions to drug abuse treatment and hiv risk behavior.	the objectives of the study were (a) to investigate the characteristics of drug abuse treatment clients who return to treatment and (b) among those with readmissions, to describe changes over time in risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and to identify factors associated with behavior change. data were derived from a multisite hiv surveillance program in a single community; the program used a unique identifier to link hiv test results and behavioral information from mul ...	1998	9849766
determinants of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in indoor ice skating rinks.	the combination of poor ventilation and fuel-powered ice resurfacers has resulted in elevated nitrogen dioxide (no2) concentrations in many indoor ice skating rinks. this study examined the factors influencing concentrations and the effects of various engineering controls in ice rinks with different resurfacer fuels.	1998	9842374
integrating women's perspectives on prenatal human immunodeficiency virus screening: toward a socially just policy.	the purpose of this study was to include the voices of laywomen at risk for or living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the ongoing debate on prenatal and newborn hiv screening. a phenomenological approach based on moustakas's heuristic model was used in order to explore women's lived experience. the investigator interviewed 33 women, half of whom were hiv-positive, using an open-ended, loosely structured interview guide. two major domains were identified related to the women's views an ...	1998	9839795
human contact with bait containing vaccine for control of rabies in wildlife.	to document the number of human contacts with bait containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) vaccine, to evaluate factors that might affect human contact with bait-vaccine units, and to summarize adverse reactions in people after contact with vaccine.	1998	9828931
william jason mixter (1880-1958). ushering in the "dynasty of the disc".	william jason mixter was born in 1880 and graduated from the harvard medical school class of 1906. like his father, mixter was a prominent surgeon at the massachusetts general hospital, and in 1911 the two shared the job of overseeing all neurosurgery at that institution. by the early 1930s, w. j. mixter was considered to be one of the nation's leading experts in spinal surgery, and he went on to become the first chief of the neurosurgery department at massachusetts general hospital. he served i ...	1998	9820919
patterns of use, expenditures, and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in hiv-infected patients.	complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common in the general population, accounting for substantial expenditures. among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, few data are available on the prevalence, costs, and patterns of alternative therapy use.	1998	9818806
reactivity of human sera to different strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae in immunodiagnostic assays.	sera from 35 patients diagnosed with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in connecticut were tested by indirect ifa staining methods with 5 strains of ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to assess the suitability of different strains in laboratory analyses. antigens included horse-derived infected neutrophils (mrk and bds strains) and human isolates cultured in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (nch-1, rch, and webster). of 35 sera, 23 (65.7%) reacted to all 5 strains. serop ...	1998	9815246
mortality associated with an influenza outbreak on a dementia care unit.	the purpose of this study was to describe an episode of increased mortality, whose cause was initially unknown. this retrospective cohort investigation was conducted on a dementia special care unit of a department of veterans affairs facility, with more than 75% of residents clinically diagnosed with dementia of the alzheimer type. one hundred five residents residing in the facility during february 1995 were included as subjects. a cluster of deaths occurred, triggering the investigation. ultima ...	1998	9772015
[tumor angiogenesis inhibitors: media and scientific aspects].	work begun more than 30 years ago at children's hospital in boston led to the publication of an article on the antiangiogenic properties of two compounds, endostatin and angiostatin (j. folkman, nature 1997; 390:404-7). it only took weeks for the medias in the us and then in france and the rest of europe to stimulate the fervor of patients for this new 'cure' for cancer. insight into the fundamental role of angiogenesis in locoregional and metastatic development of cancer has been accumulated ov ...	1998	9767782
outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia.	to determine the causes of an outbreak of lobar pneumonia.	1998	9736104
boston happens program: a model of health care for hiv-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services.	the boston happens [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) adolescent provider and peer education network for services] program is a project supported by special projects of national significance (spns) program, hiv/aids bureau, health resources and services administration, which provides a network of care for homeless, at-risk, and hiv-positive youth (ages 12-24 years), involving eight agencies. the program has provided services to 1301 youth, including 46 who are hiv-positive. boston happens provi ...	1998	9712252
interactions between metals and microbial communities in new bedford harbor, massachusetts.	the fate of toxic metals in marine sediments depends on a combination of the physical, chemical, and biologic conditions encountered in any given environment. these conditions may vary dramatically, both spatially and temporally, in response to factors ranging from seasonal changes and storm events to human activities such as dredging or remediation efforts. this paper describes a program designed to evaluate the interrelationships between the microbial community and pollutants in the new bedfor ...	1998	9703489
high breast milk levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) among four women living adjacent to a pcb-contaminated waste site.	as a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the new bedford harbor and estuary in southeastern massachusetts is among the sites in the united states that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). since 1993, measures of intrauterine pcb exposure have been obtained for a sample of new bedford area infants. among 122 mother-infant pairs, we identified four milk samples with total pcb levels that were signifi ...	1998	9681980
risk factors for death in homeless adults in boston.	homeless individuals experience high mortality rates. males, whites, and substance abusers are more likely to die, but other high-risk characteristics are unknown.	1998	9665356
deregulation of syringes and needles for medical use and to prevent the spread of blood-borne pathogens among illicit injection drug users.		1998	9663640
diversity of babesia infecting deer ticks (ixodes dammini).	to determine whether the presence of nonpathogenic piroplasms may confound field estimates of risk of babesia microti infection, we identified sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of deer ticks (ixodes dammini) by parallel microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assays. piroplasms were evident in 14.4% of adult ticks from sites in the northcentral and northeastern united states. of these, 83.3% contained dna characteristic of ba. odocoilei. this cervid piroplasm was detected in all of the ...	1998	9660456
exposure to breast milk in infancy and adult breast cancer risk.	there is considerable interest in the possibility of an infectious etiology for human breast cancer. although studies have shown that certain strains of mice transmit mammary tumor virus via breast milk, few epidemiologic studies have addressed this topic in humans.	1998	9637142
the cost of rabies postexposure prophylaxis: one state's experience.	this study was undertaken to evaluate trends in the use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep) before, during, and following an epidemic of raccoon rabies in massachusetts.	1998	9633871
detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by polymerase chain reaction.	adult ixodid ticks were collected from westchester county, new york, and ipswich, massachusetts, to determine the presence of infection with a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the presence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected from new york was also determined by pcr. of the 229 ticks from new york and 47 ticks from massachusetts, 9% (22/229) and 25% (12/47) of ticks contained hge agent, respectively. fifty-four percent (123/229) of t ...	1998	9526861
performance of massachusetts hmos in providing pap smear and sexually transmitted disease screening to adolescent females.	to describe the extent to which health maintenance organizations (hmos) provide preventive health services to female adolescent enrollees.	1998	9502004
clonal distribution of the three alleles of the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene papg among escherichia coli strains from patients with bacteremia.	the three alleles of papg, the gal(alpha1-4)gal-specific adhesin gene of escherichia coli p fimbriae, were detected in 101 (54%) of 187 e. coli bacteremia isolates from boston, long beach, california, and nairobi, kenya, by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, and their distribution was compared with clonal structure and other bacterial and host characteristics. allele ii predominated overall (57% of papg+ strains, vs. 32% for iii and 2% for i). allele distribution differed significantly bet ...	1998	9498444
sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern massachusetts.	to estimate human exposure to potential vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus, we compared collections of putative eee virus vectors from human biting collections with collections from cdc, ab (american biophysics), and new jersey light traps and resting boxes in enzootic/epidemic foci of eee virus in southeastern massachusetts. human biting collections caught significantly more host-seeking females than resting boxes or unbaited light traps (p < 0.05). regression analysis of h ...	1997	9474561
use of the mqol-hiv with asymptomatic hiv-positive patients.	the purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of the recently developed multidimensional quality of life questionnaire for hiv/aids (mqol-hiv) as a measure of quality of life (qol) in cases of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the mqol-hiv is a 40-item instrument measuring ten domains (mental health, physical health, physical functioning, social functioning, social support, cognitive functioning, financial status, partner intimacy, sexual functioning and ...	1997	9330554
long-term hospitalization for tuberculosis control. experience with a medical-psychosocial inpatient unit.	patients with tuberculosis (tb) who are nonadherent to therapy or have complicated medical or social problems pose a threat to public health. in some cases, hospitalization may be a necessary component of a comprehensive tb control program.	1997	9293992
factors associated with hiv testing among sexually active adolescents: a massachusetts survey.	to assess sexually active adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing and to determine the factors important in their decision to obtain voluntary hiv testing.	1997	9282708
the latino health advocacy program: a collaborative lay health advisor approach.	there have been numerous calls in the literature for health educators to develop programs to improve access to and utilization of health and human services by traditionally underserved communities, including latinos. while the literature suggests several principles that can guide the development of these programs, it is important to address the needs, and build on the strengths, of the specific community of interest. it is, therefore, important to use collaborative approaches in which community ...	1997	9247827
school-related issues among hiv-infected children.	many children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are surviving long enough to reach school age. this study describes issues related to school attendance and disclosure of hiv infection in a population of hiv-infected children.	1997	9200382
the impact of restructuring and work design on nursing practice and patient care.	the purpose of this study was to examine if registered nurses' (rns) reports of the structure, work processes and performance of massachusetts hospitals have changed over a five year period. responses of 928 randomly selected rns surveyed in 1989 and 858 randomly selected rns in 1994 to the rn quality of worklife survey (rnqows) were compared. data analysis was performed with a between-subjects multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for number of years as an rn and as a member of a col ...	1996	9192592
endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract as a diagnostic tool for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions in children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who undergo endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and to identify important clinical predictors of abnormal endoscopic results.	1997	9152287
human rabies--new hampshire, 1996.	on august 20, 1996, a 32-year-old resident of new hampshire died in a massachusetts hospital from an illness characterized by rapid neurologic deterioration. rabies had been clinically suspected on the date of her transfer from a new hampshire hospital (august 14) and was confirmed by cdc on august 17. this report summarizes the investigation of this case by the state health departments of new hampshire, massachusetts, maryland, and pennsylvania, which implicated a dog in kathmandu, nepal, as th ...	1997	9091784
hiv and hepatitis b infection and risk behavior in young gay and bisexual men.	to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections and unprotected anal intercourse among young homosexual and bisexual men.	1997	9071279