Publications

[epidemiological surveillance of grippe and dengue. réunion, 1996].	the local welfare and health authorities together with the country council of reunion island set up a medical supervision network for influenza and dengue fever in march 1996. influenza of which the spreading over the island has never been well-researched is anticipated by a vaccination campaign organised in an empirical way after a model from the mother country (france). dengue fever of which one of the vectors is omnipresent on the island ranged in an epidemic way in 1978. the aim of this netw ...	1998	9559165
[a 35-year old male patient with fever and painful swelling of the pectoral glands following a short visit to sri lanka].	history and clinical findings: one week after returning from a two-week holiday in sri lanka a 35-year-old man started to have recurrent bouts of fever, up to 39.2 degrees c, as well as pain over the left upper abdomen, the back of the right thorax and bilateral pain on pressure with swelling of both breasts. he went to the tropical institute in munich to have malaria excluded. there signs of cholestasis were noted and sonography revealed multiple round foci in the liver. as he had lost 10 kg in ...	1998	9487296
soil contamination with geohelminth ova in a tea plantation.	to determine the degree of soil pollution in an area of high prevalence and the risk of exposure to geohelminth infection.	1997	9476399
extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (gh) deficiency caused by a mutation in the gh-releasing hormone receptor gene.	gh secretion and release are complex phenomena depending on activation of several genes, including those encoding gh, ghrh, and its receptor (ghrh-r). the gh gene, which is the most extensively analyzed sequence in patients with familial gh deficiency (ghd), represents the main known target of mutations. to test the involvement of the ghrh-r gene in this disease phenotype, we investigated one candidate tamoulean family originating from sri lanka. two brothers, with extremely short stature (< -4 ...	1998	9467553
plague, a reemerging disease in madagascar.	human cases of plague, which had virtually disappeared in madagascar after the 1930s, reappeared in 1990 with more than 200 confirmed or presumptive cases reported each year since. in the port of mahajanga, plague has been reintroduced, and epidemics occur every year. in antananarivo, the capital, the number of new cases has increased, and many rodents are infected with yersinia pestis. despite surveillance for the sensitivity of y. pestis and fleas to drugs and insecticides and control measures ...	1998	9452403
high frequency of p53 mutations in human oral epithelial dysplasia and primary squamous cell carcinoma detected by yeast functional assay.	to determine the timing and actual incidence of p53 mutations in oral epithelial lesions, we examined 33 primary squamous cell carcinomas (sccs), 14 dysplasias and six hyperplasias from japanese patients by a combination of yeast functional assay and dna sequencing. the assay detects mutations of p53 mrna between codons 67 and 347 on the basis of the dna-binding activity of the protein. twenty-six sccs (79%) and five dysplasias (36%) were positive for p53 mutation, while all six hyperplasias wer ...	1997	9400993
influence of iron, growth temperature and plasmids on siderophore production in aeromonas hydrophila.	aeromonas hydrophila strains obtained from diarrhoeal samples of human patients (19 isolates) and freshwater ponds (11 isolates) were analysed for siderophore production. both clinical and environmental isolates showed significantly increased siderophore production under iron-limiting conditions both at 28 degrees c and at 37 degrees c. clinical isolates consistently produced higher levels of siderophores than did the environmental isolates. the role of plasmids in moderating siderophore product ...	1997	9364139
recent emergence of new variants of yersinia pestis in madagascar.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has been responsible for at least three pandemics. during the last pandemic, which started in hong kong in 1894, the microorganism colonized new, previously unscathed geographical areas where it has become well established. the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the genetic stability of y. pestis strains introduced into a new environment just under a century ago and to follow the epidemiology of any new genetic variant detected. in t ...	1997	9350742
effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure from a high fish diet on developmental milestones in the seychelles child development study.	mercury is widespread in the environment and exists in several physical and chemical forms. prenatal exposure to methylmercury disrupts brain development. the most common mode of prenatal methylmercury exposure is maternal fish consumption. studies of human prenatal exposure in iraq following maternal ingestion of methylmercury treated grain suggested that maternal hair mercury concentrations above 10 ppm may be related to delayed developmental milestones and neurological abnormalities. this lev ...	1997	9339828
[seroepidemiologic study of human plague in madagascar].	an igg anti-f1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for plague diagnosis in the malagasy republic. the sensitivity of the test was 91.4% and the specificity 98.5%. this technique is cheap and the cross reaction with other infections diseases prevalent in madagascar is very limited. during the urban plague outbreak (mahajanga city, 1995), the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 95.2% and 97% respectively. during this outbreak, the usefulness of ...	1997	9309233
health care auxiliaries in the detection and prevention of oral cancer.	oral cancer is one among the few human cancers with a vast potential for prevention. one of the operational strategies considered to translate preventive measures into practice in developing countries has been the use of community health workers and other health auxiliaries of the primary health care system to disseminate anti-tobacco health education messages and to provide mouth examinations in high-risk individuals during their routine home visits and community meetings. studies conducted in ...	1997	9307722
maternal exposure to influenza and cold in pregnancy and electrodermal activity in offspring: the mauritius study.	data are in conflict concerning whether a mother's exposure to influenza in pregnancy gives rise to an increased probability that her offspring will develop schizophrenia. in northern hemisphere studies, exposure to influenza and cold tend to be confounded. the present study, carried out in mauritius, examines the effect of maternal exposure to the virus and separately to cold on aspects of electrodermal activity that have been shown in other studies to be related to schizophrenia. the findings ...	1997	9260495
donor valves as substitutes for heart valve replacement.	the main problems of heart valve replacement in sri lanka are the cost of prosthetic valves and anticoagulant related complications. the use of human donor heart valves (homografts; allogeneic heart valves [ahv]) will alleviate these shortcomings. recipients of ahv do not require anticoagulant therapy. moreover, cryopreservation of ahv offers the opportunity for the storage of valves for an extended length of time with the preservation of valve integrity which is essential for their function aft ...	1997	9257469
sri lankan refugees. tamils are victims of unjust politics, not economic refugees.		1997	9240073
sri lankan refugees. government denies legitimate rights of minorities.		1997	9240072
sri lankan refugees. refugee council's assessment of human rights situation in sri lanka is accurate.		1997	9240071
intra-household allocation of food and health care: current findings and understandings--introduction.	this work offers an anthropological analysis of intra-household processes underlying gender- and age-specific differences in individual nutritional and health care allocations and outcomes in particular cultures. based on recent ethnographic studies in india, nepal, madagascar, mexico, and peru, correspondences are analyzed between local cultural ("emic") and scientist-policy maker practitioner ("etic") understandings of nutrition, health, and human development, and the relative "values" of fema ...	1997	9178411
[the development of public health education: the mauritius experience].	a public course has been initiated in 1990 in mauritius for covering the national growing needs of public health specialists. this training course was organized jointly by the ministry of health, the university of bordeaux ii and the french cooperation. after 3 sessions dedicated specifically to the mauritian physicians, the course has been re-designed for the needs of the other countries of the region. a feasibility study performed in 1994 in the countries of the indian ocean region showed that ...	1997	9172876
[the impact of curtains impregnated with deltamethrin on the vectors and morbidity of malaria: results in ankazobe, on the plateaus of madagascar].	to evaluate the efficacy of deltamethrin impregnated curtains on malaria morbidity in a low transmission area, we studied volunteer families in the village of ankazobe in the madagascar highlands from february 1993 to june 1994. after randomization, we provided 46 houses having 244 inhabitants with impregnated curtains (i) and 45 others having 257 inhabitants with nonimpregnated curtains (ni) as controls. we first estimated the number of mosquito bites in the protected versus nonprotected househ ...	1997	9172875
[current aspects of extrauterine pregnancy in nosy be (madagascar), from november 1993 to february 1995].	we present the current aspects of ectopic pregnancies in nosy be, madagascar, and possible solutions. ectopic pregnancies are problems of public health here as in many developing countries. nosy be is a small island northwest of madagascar and is part of madagascar's territory. this was a prospective, continuous, nonrandom, open study of 27 ectopic pregnancies observed on this island; all were confirmed by laparotomy during 16 months from november 1993 to february 1995 in the department of gener ...	1997	9172872
common origin of human t-lymphotropic virus type-i from iran, kuwait, israel, and la réunion island.	we found previously that kuwaiti htlv-i isolates had two nucleotide substitutions in the most frequently sequenced regions of htlv-i genome, namely: t-->c 4783 in the pol and t-->c 6569 the env genes. these substitutions were observed rarely in other htlv-i isolates and seemed to be good markers of the htlv-i lineage, the "epicentre" of which was located in mashhad, iran. to test this hypothesis we sequenced the fragments of htlv-i genome including sites 4783 and 6569 from seven isolates obtaine ...	1997	9131461
sri lankan refugees are not at risk of persecution.		1997	9093128
chromosome 15-linked limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: clinical phenotypes in reunion island and french metropolitan communities.	erb's type limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (lgmd) was identified and clinically studied in detail in a small community living in the reunion island (ri). it was linked to chromosome 15q and related to mutations in the muscle specific calpain 3 gene. a series of cases were afterwards clinically and genetically identified in the french metropolitan community. the phenotype was identical to the ri type in the great majority of cases, although clinical differences were noticed in a few cases. six dif ...	1996	9027854
[tropical eosinophilia in a man from sri lanka].	a 21-year-old man from sri lanka came to japan in august 1992 and worked as a painter. he had often complained of dyspnea on exertion before coming to japan. he was admitted to ogaki municipal hospital in june 1993 for further examination of persistent coughing, dyspnea, and fever. a chest x-ray film showed bilateral diffuse reticulonodular shadows. blood examinations revealed marked eosinophilia (9440/mm3) with elevation of the serum ige level (4982 iu/ml). igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...	1996	9022330
anopheles subpictus complex: distribution of sibling species in sri lanka.	to determine the sibling species composition of an. subpictus complex in sri lanka polytene chromosomes of ovarian nurse cells were examined. samples of an. subpictus s.l. were collected from 65 of the 73 health areas surveyed. of 3095 ovaries collected 869 polytene chromosomes preparation were identified as sibling species a and 77 b. species b was present only in coastal localities of the island whereas species a was found both in coastal and inland areas with predominance in inland areas. thi ...	1996	8952168
prevalence of epstein-barr virus antibody in the chronic hemodialysed population in the south of the reunion island.		1996	8893196
a splicing mutation in intron 16 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, associated with severe disease, is common on reunion island.	in addition to the frequent delta f508 and y122x mutations on cystic fibrosis (cf) chromosomes of patients from reunion island, one splicing mutation, 3120+1g-->a is observed relatively frequently (12.5%) in this group, in comparison with the french metropolitan population (<0.001 %). this mutation, disrupting the 5' splice donor site of intron 16, can be detected easily by restriction enzyme bstni digestion. in 2 cf patients homozygous for this mutation, the clinical pattern was severe, with bo ...	1996	8860012
t cell receptor beta chain rflp in chinese, indians and malays from singapore.	restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the gene encoding the beta chain of the human t cell receptor (tcr) was studied in three ethnic groups in singapore by southern blotting. polymorphism in the beta chain gene was identified in bglii-digested dna samples using a 770-bp tcr beta cdna clone containing the joining and constant region segments. the tcr beta/bglii polymorphism was studied in 136 chinese, 93 indian and 88 malay samples. the frequency of the less frequent allele (tcr bet ...	1996	8807327
[malaria: research perspectives in medical entomology in madagascar].	the entomological studies on malaria in madagascar had especially concerned the behavior of vectors in relation to insecticides. the cessation of spraying within the homes and the absence of chloroquine allowed a re-emergence of malaria on the plateau in the 1980's. this phenomenon pointed out the heterogeneity of the transmission on the island. it was necessary to define the entomological characteristics of the four principal facies of transmission in madagascar. these studies provided the serv ...	1995	8784550
[entomological surveillance in mauritius].	the entomological surveillance is an essential link in the fight against malaria in mauritius. because of the large number of malaria-infected travellers in mauritius and the presence of the vector anopheles arabiensis, the risk of local transmission is very real. the medical entomology division together with the malaria control unit and the health appointees exert a rigorous entomological surveillance of malaria. field agents make entomological investigations of pilot villages and around the ha ...	1995	8784549
[vector control in the epidemics of the madagascar highlands].	the plateau, or more precisely the highlands, cover most of the central part of madagascar with an altitude higher than 1,000 m. there the climate is tropical with a wet and hot season, from october through april coincident with further outbreaks of malaria. this alternates with a dry season from may through september when the temperature is not favorable to the development of the vectors and the extrinsic cycle of the parasite. the malaria is unstable. the short season of transmission is someti ...	1995	8784547
[particularities and stratification of malaria in madagascar].	the first factor is the malaria parasite, for which the species p. falciparum and p. vivax are important. secondly, the transmission determines the disease stability and challenges the host's immunity. the third factor is the human host, consisting of people of both african and asiatic origin, the latter of whom are more susceptible to p. vivax. human activities such as cultivating rice fields are of paramount importance for the proliferation of the vectors. the vectors a. gambiae, a. arabiensis ...	1995	8784545
[malaria in mayotte: past, present and future].	discovered as a form of intermittent fevers in 1852 and confirmed by blin in 1905, malaria has had a large impact on the mortality and the morbidity of the population living in mayotte until 1976. an evolutionary analysis of the disease shows two distinct periods. the first period between 1792 and 1974 concerns the date of introduction of malaria to the island and the limited actions of the fight against malaria led by different organizations. the second period from 1976, when the program was es ...	1995	8784540
[history of insular malaria in the southwestern indian ocean: an eco-epidemiologic approach].	madagascar has been isolated from the african continent since the mesozoic era. the archipelago in this region emerged from volcanism during the early and the beginning of the late cenozoic era. consequently, during the prehistoric period, these islands were populated by only birds. parasites and their vectors have been imported. in madagascar (with the exception of the highlands) and in certain comoro islands, their implantation in a favorable biotope was contemporary with the coming of humans. ...	1995	8784538
mitogenic activity of new lectins from seeds of wild artocarpus species from vietnam.	proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) stimulated by new lectins purified from seeds of differents artocarpus species from vietnam (a. asperulus, a. heterophyllus, a. masticata, a. melinoxylus, a. parva and a. petelotii) was studied and compared to those of the lectin jacalin purified from jackfruit (a. heterophyllus) seeds collected in the island la réunion. all lectins stimulated human pbmc to proliferate, with a variable efficiency of the mitogenic activity. ...	1996	8763740
[ocular cysticercosis (o.c.) in madagascar (apropos of 6 cases)].	cysticercosis is due to cysticercus cellulosae and was know since a long time. human is an intermediate occasional host by ingesting accidentally eggs of tenia. in madagascar, neurocysticercosis are predominating (55%), occular localisations are not frequent (5%) and concerned particularly vitreous humour and retina. diagnosis relies on serology: elisa test, then western blot completed with research of circulating antibody and antigen in the acqueous humor by immocapture. anatomopathologic test ...	1994	8724807
an analysis of autopsy brain tissue from infants prenatally exposed to methymercury.	brains from 32 neonatal autopsies from the seychelles were examined histologically and analyzed for mercury levels. six brain regions were sampled: frontal and occipital cortex, temporal cortex with hippocampus, basal ganglia with thalamus, cerebellum, and pons with medulla. tissue blocks for histology and mercury analysis were taken from opposing faces to provide for correlation of findings. similar studies were performed on 12 reference neonatal brains from rochester, new york. no clear-cut de ...	1995	8714873
main neurodevelopmental study of seychellois children following in utero exposure to methylmercury from a maternal fish diet: outcome at six months.	methylmercury (mehg) is a human neurotoxin to which the developing fetal brain is especially sensitive. the lowest dose of mehg that impairs neurodevelopment in the human fetus is not known. the seychelles child development study (scds) is testing the hypothesis that fetal mehg exposure from a maternal diet high in oceanic fish is related to child neurodevelopmental outcomes. fish is the major protein source in the republic of seychelles, where a cohort of 779 mother-infant pairs was enrolled in ...	1995	8714870
comparison of four human studies of perinatal exposure to methylmercury for use in risk assessment.	newer data from human epidemiologic studies of methylmercury (mehg) poisoning in which perinatal exposure occurred are available from four distinct populations. the results of an iraqi grain-consuming population are compared to results from studies performed in fish-consuming groups in the faroe islands, the seychelles islands and in peruvian fishing villages. a comparison of the results indicate that the iraqi population does not represent a sensitive subpopulation within a perinatal group, but ...	1996	8711732
[rice: source of life and death on the plateaux of madagascar].	since the 17th century, europeans travelling in madagascar described the contrast between the fever-free plateau and the fever-ridden coasts. the former were inhabited by people of asiatic origins and the latter by african migrants. at the end of the 18th century, "merina" kings developed land irrigation and rice cultivation, using manpower from the coasts. since then, rice has become a monoculture covering most of the arable lands of the highlands. the first malaria epidemic occurred in the tan ...	1996	8705134
isolation and subgrouping of rotaviruses from buffalo calves in sri lanka.	twenty-eight faecal specimens from sri lankan buffalo calves shown to be positive for rotavirus group a antigen were subgrouped by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against subgroup i and ii antigens. the 13 of the 28 specimens which were classified as strongly positive belonged to subgroup i. three of five faecal specimens inoculated on to roller cultures of ma104 cells yielded group a subgroup i rotavirus. as with other group a rotaviruses isolated f ...	1996	8685545
schizotypy and maternal exposure to influenza and to cold temperature: the mauritius study.	a topic of current controversy is that maternal exposure to influenza in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy may place the offspring at increased risk for schizophrenia. however, exposure to cold and to influenza may be confounded in existing studies, and case finding and identification may introduce error. use of measures of schizotypy that are dimensional may be used to overcome some of the difficulties of case identification. data are derived from the longitudinal study in mauritius, an island in ...	1996	8666711
ascaris lumbricoides aggregation in relation to child growth status, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, and plant anthelmintic use in madagascar.	the relationships between ascaris lumbricoides worm burden, growth status, general delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (dch) response, and plant anthelmintic use were investigated in a 12-mo prospective survey of 663 children, 4-10 yr old, living in the ranomafana rainforest, madagascar. initial fecal examinations revealed prevalences of 93% for a. lumbricoides, 55% for trichuris trichuria, and 27% for hookworm. after anthelmintic treatment and a 12-mo reinfection period, 428 of the children part ...	1996	8627497
juvenile limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. clinical, histopathological and genetic data from a small community living in the reunion island.	a series of patients affected by a muscular dystrophy, similar to the original description of a juvenile scapulo-humeral form by erb in 1884 and fitting with the criteria used to define limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, was discovered in a small community living in the southern part of reunion island in the indian ocean. a detailed clinical analysis was conducted over 5 years on a cohort of 20 patients. this community presented a high degree of consanguinity as it was segregated from the majorit ...	1996	8624690
the health services of sri lanka present and future.	1) sri lanka has achieved a high human development status; 2) the health sector, and particularly the government health sector, has played an important role in this achievement. 3) the health transition is going to increase the burden of disease and the demand for health services; 4) the government health services have been underfunded and the provincial health services have been more underfunded; 5) the most cost efficient health services, anywhere in the world, are government funded; 6) theref ...	1995	8536324
the ecology of dogs and canine rabies: a selective review.	although dogs are the most widespread and abundant of all carnivores, the role of the dog in human cultures and its impact on the environment have rarely been studied. these subjects are reviewed in the context of canine rabies. to understand the epizootiology of canine rabies, the ecology and population biology of the dog must be considered. information on dog populations (in relation to different habitats, cultures, social strata of human populations and epizootiological situations) was collec ...	1993	8518447
on an infection of a human eye with parastrongylus (= angiostrongylus) sp. in sri lanka.	a metastrongyle worm extracted from the anterior chamber of the right eye of a patient in sri lanka belongs to the genus parastrongylus and probably to a yet undescribed species, related to p. cantonensis well known to infect man. it is mostly a parasite of rodents, wandering in man and unadapted to this host. evidence for this lack of adaptation are that the specimen is undergoing necrosis (teratological specimen) and is located in an organ with little immunological defences.	1993	8509620
human infection with dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens in sri lanka.		1993	8477486
viral hepatitis complicating pregnancy--a five year hospital based retrospective study.	limited data are available on viral hepatitis (vh) complicating pregnancy from sri lanka. we retrospectively studied all pregnant and non-pregnant women of child bearing age, who were admitted with vh to the teaching hospital peradeniya between january 1987 and december 1991. during this period, there were 187 cases of icteric vh among non-pregnant women of child bearing age, but only 10 cases among pregnant women (hospital incidence of 0.35 cases of vh per 1000 pregnancy related admissions). tw ...	1993	8477484
human immune responses to the plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (pf155/resa) after a decrease in malaria transmission in madagascar.	a resurgence of falciparum malaria occurred in the central highlands of madagascar in the 1980s and was responsible for an outbreak in 1986-1987. since 1989, transmission has decreased dramatically. in april 1991, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses of 53 inhabitants of the village of manarintsoa to six synthetic peptides that reproduced the major b and/or t cell epitopes of the pfl 55/ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) of plasmodium falciparum. the presence o ...	1993	8470778
evaluation of a nonisotopic dna assay kit for diagnosing plasmodium falciparum malaria in madagascar.	this study evaluated a nonisotopic dna assay kit for diagnosing plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of madagascar where all plasmodium species of human malaria are present and where malaria is endemic. blood samples from 440 healthy children and 20 healthy adults were processed and assayed in a single day in a blind protocol. the parasitemia levels of the four plasmodium species were determined by microscopic examinations and by counts of numbers of malaria parasites per 1,000 white blood c ...	1993	8447525
htlv-i associated myelopathy in a seychellois immigrant.	to describe the clinical and laboratory features of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) associated myelopathy in an immigrant from the seychelles.	1993	8316110
occupational exposure of sri lankan tea plantation workers to paraquat.	absorption of the herbicide paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) by mixer-loaders and spray operators on a sri lankan tea plantation was assessed over five consecutive days of spraying. beginning on the day before spraying started and continuing for each of the five spraying days and for seven days after the last day of spraying, 24-hour urine samples were collected from each of the workers. potential dermal exposure was assessed during further applications of paraquat on the day after the ...	1993	8261566
genetic polymorphism of orosomucoid (orm) in populations of the united kingdom, indian subcontinent, and cambodia.	the genetic variation of the human serum orosomucoid (orm) was investigated by isoelectric focusing (ief) followed by immunofixation in 15 different populations from east midlands (united kingdom), india, sri lanka, and cambodia. statistically significant differences were observed between various asiatic and british populations, however differences within asiatic and european populations were minor. the distribution of orm1 alleles in populations investigated to date suggests an interesting east ...	1993	8260721
seroepidemiology of dengue and other arboviruses in a natural population of toque macaques (macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, sri lanka.	a seroepidemiological study of arboviruses infecting 115 wild toque macaques (macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, sri lanka showed a high prevalence of antibodies to dengue and lumbo viruses. there was low seroprevalence of chandipura (2/115) and batai (1/115) virus antibodies, but no seropositivity to chikungunya or sindbis. there was no serological evidence of infection by japanese encephalitis (je) virus in spite of large human epidemics in the study area, indicating that toque macaques are unlike ...	1993	8230174
recombinations in individuals homozygous by descent localize the friedreich ataxia locus in a cloned 450-kb interval.	the locus for friedreich ataxia (frda), a severe neurodegenerative disease, is tightly linked to markers d9s5 and d9s15, and analysis of rare recombination events has suggested the order cen-frda-d9s5-d9s15-qter. we report here the construction of a yac contig extending 800 kb centromeric to d9s5 and the isolation of five new microsatellite markers from this region. in order to map these markers with respect to the frda locus, all within a 1-cm confidence interval, we sought to increase the gene ...	1994	8198128
[influenza surveillance in tananarive during the year 1992].	the authors relate the 1992 results of influenza surveillance in antananarivo. 24 influenza virus a (h3n2) strains were isolated from 467 pharyngeal swabs. the virus had been continually spreading from january to september, with a peak in july, along with some monthly sporadic isolations. the highest respiratory morbidity was observed in june and july. the collection processes of influenzal and respiratory morbidity statistics are also discussed in order to standardize data and to define the rea ...	1993	8192546
[epidemiological stratification of malaria in madagascar].	madagascar is considered as a sub-region of the afrotropical geographical region in spite of the high endemicity of 95% of the invertebrates. nevertheless the three malaria vectors an. gambiae s.s., an. arabiensis and an. funestus are quite similar to those of the continental africa. this support the hypothesis of their recent introduction. plasmodium falciparum is the dominant parasite but the prevalence of p. vivax is not negligible. it is linked to the asian component of the human population. ...	1993	8192542
[situation of endemic rabies in madagascar].	the course of endemic rabies in madagascar between 1982 and 1991 is related. rabies has been raging over the whole island and dog is essentially affected, constituting the single vector of human rabies cases. the authors recall the main measures of struggle against rabies.	1993	8192541
[epidemiological malaria surveillance in 3 villages of the madagascar highlands].	results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy highlands are reported. they clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. at manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. but it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. ...	1993	8192540
low prevalence of expression of p53 oncoprotein in oral carcinomas from sri lanka associated with betel and tobacco chewing.	overexpression of p53 oncoprotein has been demonstrated in a wide range of human malignancies. we have examined the p53 expression amongst 38 sri lankan subjects with histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinomas. the mean age of the subjects was 59.4 years and betel chewing with tobacco was the most common habit (84%) with a high percentage of patients smoking (63%). buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected site (68%) with a high proportion (79%) of well differentiated carcinomas ...	1993	8180591
the role of streptococcus viridans in human infections in mauritius.		1994	8080203
[a serological survey regarding flaviviridae infections on the island of réunion (1971-1989)].	serological prevalence of flaviviridae was studied on reunion island by testing 2,507 human sera from a randomised sample. each serum was tested against 5 viruses (yellow fever, dengue type 1 and 2, west nile and wesselsbron) using haemagglutination inhibition test: 42.68% of human sera were found positive. the multivalent reactions represent practically three fourths of the positive ones. a severe dengue type 2 outbreak on the island in 1977-1978 and the possible circulation of a flavivirus may ...	1994	8061530
human enzyme polymorphism in the canary islands. vi. northwest african influence.	the genetic polymorphism of eight red cell enzymes was analyzed in population samples from the northwest african continent and from the south of spain in order to study their genetic relationships with the canarian population. the moroccan, berber and spanish populations, although geographically more distant from the canary islands than the saharan and mauritanian ones, are genetically more closely related to the canarian population. the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gc allele earlier found ...	1994	8039799
phylogenetic classification of human t cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type i genotypes in five major molecular and geographical subtypes.	proviral dna was obtained from ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 75 human t cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i)-infected individuals who were either asymptomatic or had adult t cell leukaemia or tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-i-associated myelopathy. amplified long terminal repeats (ltrs) were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). the results, together with previously published ltr data (a total of 180 specimens analysed), showed the presence of ...	1994	7996161
epidemiology of human toxocariasis in la réunion.	in la réunion island (indian ocean) a seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis was carried out among 387 subjects over 15 years old by western blotting using toxocara canis excretory-secretory larval antigens; 92.8% of the sera were positive. statistical study, including logistic regression analysis, showed a significant correlation of western blot results with sex, age, and absence of water supply. the final logistic model demonstrated that only the last 2 factors were significant multiplica ...	1994	7992328
survey of mycotic and bacterial keratitis in sri lanka.	over a two-year period (1976-1977 and 1980-1981), 66 cases of bacterial and mycotic cases of keratitis were diagnosed in the eye clinic of the general hospital in kandy, sri lanka. the clinical and microbiologic aspects of these cases are described. noteworthy was the first known human case caused by paecilomyces farinosus, a geophilic species, commonly encountered as an insect parasite throughout the world. the bacterial and the other fungal etiologic agents isolated and identified were: pseudo ...	1994	7984216
population dynamics of anthropophilic mosquitoes during the northeast monsoon season in the malaria epidemic zone of sri lanka.	mosquito-borne diseases are a major health problem in sri lanka. human biting mosquitoes were collected during the night (18.00-06.00 hours) at nikawehera village, in the malaria endemic intermediate rainfall zone of the country. collections were made at monthly intervals in the period october 1991 to april 1992, which included the main rainy season due to the northeast monsoon (october-january). thirteen anopheles, eleven culex, three aedes, three mansonia and one armigeres species were identif ...	1994	7949318
population dynamics of anophelines in a malathion treated village in the intermediate zone of sri lanka.	as part of research programme on malaria transmission in sri lanka, a study was made of man-biting anophelines at nikawehera, a village on the border of the intermediate and dry rainfall zones. weekly mosquito collections by night human bait (nhb) were performed inside and outside four fixed stations from october 1992 till march 1993. houses in the village were treated with malathion by the anti-malaria campaign in october and at the end of january 1993. an. culicifacies and an. tesselatus were ...	1994	7944653
postirrigation breeding patterns of surface water mosquitoes in the mahaweli project, sri lanka, and comparisons with preceding developmental phases.	a 2-yr (1988-1989) survey of mosquitoes breeding in surface water was done in an area of the mahaweli project of sri lanka that underwent irrigation development and human settlement during the preceding 3 yr. in total, 78,649 immatures of 42 species were collected during the survey. species of medical importance in the area were anopheles annularis van der wulp, an. culicifacies giles, an. jamesii theobald, an. nigerrimus giles, an. subpictus grassi, an. vagus doenitz, an. varuna iyengar, manson ...	1994	7932596
seroepidemiology, viral isolation, and molecular characterization of human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i from la réunion island, indian ocean.	data indicate the presence in the seychelles islands of a high level of human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i) endemicity as well as the presence of tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-i-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham). we present here the results of an hospital survey performed since 1988 in la réunion island, located in the indian ocean southeast of the seychelles archipelago, aimed at evaluating htlv-i endemicity, detecting htlv-i-associated diseases, and characterizing viral isol ...	1994	7915530
viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in sri lanka.	attempts to isolate viruses from 178,181 unengorged female mosquitoes collected from different ecologic areas of sri lanka yielded 31 isolates: 17 of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, nine of getah virus, three of a batai-related bunyavirus, and two of arkonam virus. culex tritaeniorhynchus and mansonia uniformis mosquitoes were found to carry je virus in a dry zone nonepidemic area, and cx. pseudovishnui was found to carry it in a wet zone nonepidemic area. japanese encephalitis virus was isola ...	1994	7915499
japanese encephalitis in sri lanka: comparison of vector and virus ecology in different agro-climatic areas.	the ecology of japanese encephalitis (je) in different agro-climatological areas of sri lanka was studied in relation to the abundance of mosquito vectors, infection in domestic livestock, and human infection and disease. there was an inverse correlation between altitude and the abundance of potential je vectors, as well as je seroprevalence in domestic livestock and in man. little or no je infection was documented above 1200 m elevation. je seroprevalences in cattle and goats were better predic ...	1993	7903495
the epidemiologic transition to chronic diseases in developing countries: cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in seychelles (indian ocean). investigators of the seychelles heart study.	the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (cvd) and related risk factors was evaluated in seychelles, a middle level income country, as accumulating evidence supports increasing rates of cvd in developing countries. cvd mortality was obtained from vital statistics for two periods, 1984-5 and 1991-3. cvd morbidity was estimated by retrospective review of discharge diagnoses for all admissions to medical wards in 1990-1992. levels of cvd risk factors in the population were assessed in 1989 through ...	1995	7900434
[historical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in southwest islands of the indian ocean].	bancroftian filariasis arose in the south-west indian ocean islands with human settlements. during the xixe century, most of the islands were infected but the prevalence and clinical features of the disease were different from an island to an other. the vectors are cx. quinquefasciatus, an. gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. funestus. even if culex are proven vectors most of the transmission is due to anophelines. the introduction of the parasite was followed by an explosion of the diseases with drama ...	1994	7827525
iga antibodies in human milk: epidemiological markers of previous infections?	the concept of an enteromammary link in secretory iga (siga) antibody production was tested by hypothesising that specific siga antibody profiles in human milk might be an epidemiological marker for enteropathogens in a community. milk from three subject groups was studied: 64 sri lankan women living in poor suburbs of colombo, 20 asian immigrant women domiciled in birmingham, for a median period of five years (range 14 days-16 years), and 75 white women living in birmingham. an enzyme linked im ...	1994	7820715
[why compare hepatosplenic bilharziasis in six african countries with the help of ultrasonography? presentation of a who project including madagascar].	during a morbidity survey in two endemic foci of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the malagasy hauts plateaux (tetikanana, 80 km east of ambositra and lohanosy, in the vicinity of antananarivo), the objectives of a comparative pathology who project are presented. the survey in madagascar was concurrently organized by the ministry of health (bilharziasis central laboratory, dlmt), the parasitology unit of the local pasteur institute and the medical parasitology institute of bonn university, in ge ...	1994	7778949
preferential localization of the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2a gene in the proximal part of a 1-cm 15q15.1-q15.3 interval.	a gene for a recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (lgmd2a) has been localized to chromosome 15. a physical map of the 7-cm candidate 15q15.1-q21.1 region has been constructed by means of a 10-12-mb continuum of overlapping yac clones. new microsatellite markers developed from these yacs were genotyped on large, consanguineous lgmd2a pedigrees from different origins. the identification of recombination events in these families allowed the restriction of the lgmd2a region to an estimat ...	1995	7762565
presence of secretory iga antibodies to an enteric bacterial pathogen in human milk and saliva.	the concept of a common mucosal immune system in man was tested by examining the concurrent presence of specific-secretory iga (siga) antibodies in human milk and saliva from three groups of subjects: 64 sri lankan women living in sri lanka; 20 immigrant asian women living in birmingham (median duration of residence in the united kingdom five years); and 75 caucasian women living in birmingham (controls). enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed to detect enterotoxigenic escheri ...	1995	7712266
the epidemiology of myelopathy associated with human t-lymphotropic virus 1.	a progressive spastic myelopathy is one of the principal manifestations of the human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1. recent research is reviewed on the geography and epidemiology of this specific form of tropical spastic paraparesis. first recognized in the caribbean, colombia and japan, it is now also confirmed as a major neurological problem in areas of eastern brazil, western equatorial africa, natal and seychelles, with other scattered foci world-wide. accurate surveys call for sophisticat ...	1993	7687800
[79 cases of invasive cancer of the cervix uteri in the department of oncology in antananarivo. can diagnostic delays be improved?].	the frequency of invasive cervical carcinoma in western countries is currently decreasing. the development of methods of early diagnosis has improved the prognosis of the disease. in madagascar, like in other african countries, invasive cervical carcinoma is the first genital cancer affecting women. the diagnosis comes late. actions can be taken to improve the prognosis through early diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma. our purpose was to analyze the main causes leading to these delays in d ...	1995	7640903
[hiv infection in tuberculosis patients in madagascar. situation in 1-93].	in madagascar, the estimated incidence of tuberculosis is high (320 per 100,000) when human immunodeficiency virus (vih) infection progress slowly. the authors have studied hiv seroprevalence in a group of tubercular patients and in two reference groups (general population and outpatients of the clinical biology centre of institut pasteur). circulation of hiv1 virus was observed with a low prevalence rate in all the 3 groups. there was no significant difference between tubercular patients and he ...	1994	7575038
[hepatic hydatidosis in madagascar: a case of autochthonous origin].	hydatid disease, due to the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus, is described for the second time at liver level, in madagascar. even with a low level of endemic animal disease and an uncontrolled population of stray dogs, the human parasitosis is very rare in madagascar. it is interesting to note that, since a hundred of years, the epidemiological status of this zoonosis has not really changed in the great island.	1994	7575029
subfossil indri indri from the ankarana massif of northern madagascar.	subfossil specimens of indri indri have been recovered recently from the ankarana massif cave system in the far north of madagascar. taken together with material from the central highland site of ampasambazimba, the range of this species appears to have once included much of the northern half of the island and to have extended north and west beyond the eastern rainforest (not unlike hapalemur simus). it is probable that forest corridors connected the subfossil localities to the current range at ...	1995	7485433
[surveillance of influenza in tananarive in the year 1979. isolation of viruses a/ussr and a/brazil - (h1 n1)].		1981	7342894
[bacteria, viruses, parasites, pathology and experimental pathology of malagasy lemurs. interest for man].		1980	7235773
[epidemic of influenza in antananarivo (with isolation of virus a/texas/77 (h3n2))].		1980	7235771
[human leptospiroses in the overseas departments and territories: 10 years' immunological diagnosis (1970-1979)].	in french overseas departments and territories, leptospiroses exist. in the caribbean zone, human leptospiroses are frequently found; in martinique island, and some cases are recorded in french guyana. in the indian ocean, "la réunion" island, approximately 40 cases are diagnosed every year (mortality rate: 17%). in polynesian areas, 3 serovars are found. biological diagnosis is easier now with screening tests. sera are to be sent to the national leptospirosis centre, paris, for confirmatory tes ...	1980	7226358
self, other, and astrology: esoteric therapy in sri lanka.	harry stack sullivan's argument that anxiety as a fundamental human experience is alleviated by the use of various procedures that he called "security operations" is used in this paper to examine the meaning of astrology in sri lanka. astrology and the doctrine of karma provide the relevant framework in which various forms of misfortune are understood and handled. an examination of cases in sri lanka reveals that astrology and the doctrine of karma enable a person of that culture to create a num ...	1981	7208719
[surveillance of influenza in tananarive in the year 1981].		1982	7186797
[molluscs, intermediary hosts of human bilharziasis in madagascar. current status of knowledge].		1982	7186337
[existence of histoplasma duboisii histoplasmosis outside continental africa (apropos of the first madagascar case)].	the authors report a case of histoplasmosis with h. duboisii authenticated by an histopathologic examination, serology on cross-section. the patient, a 22 year old man from comorian ascent had never left madagascar and was working on a sugar-cane plantation. he was carrier of ulcerated and suppurated lesions in the inguinal folds and the ombilic and was to die without having received a proper treatment. it is the first case of great form histoplasmosis noticed in madagascar, outside continental ...	1982	7172359
[ethical aspects of foreign aid for children of the third world].		1982	7132981
seroepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in the seychelles islands.	wuchereria bancrofti is the only human filarioid present in the seychelles archipelago. the last parasitological survey carried out in mahé revealed a microfilaraemia rate of 3.6%. serum samples from 417 native individuals living in mahé were tested for the presence of filarial antibodies by elisa method, using crude soluble extract of brugia pahangi adult worm as antigen. the results seem to show a proportion of the population (17%) has been exposed to w. bancrofti (with od values greater than ...	1982	7048670
[bovine ticks and bacteria pathogenic for man in madagascar].		1980	7016058
[the role of rats as a reservoir of enterobacteria pathogenic for man in madagascar].		1980	7016056
the search for racial equality.		1980	6902357
evolution of dna sequences has been retarded in malagasy primates.	it is generally accepted that there are six major groups of living primates: (1) lemurs (including all the primates of madagascar), (2) lorises (including galago and potto), (3) tarsiers, (4) new world monkeys, (5) old world monkeys and (6) apes (including man). tree shrews, once considered to be primates, are now generally recognized as not significantly more closely related to the six groups than other mammals. the first surviving primate lines to diverge from the common primate ancestor are b ...	1980	6772964
streptococcus mutans-like bacteria from human dental plaque in a sri lanka (ceylon) population.	this paper reports on the presence of low numbers of streptococcus mutans among the oral streptococci present in human dental plaque in a sri lanka (ceylon) population, where the caries activity is low and a low sucrose intake is combined with the presence of heavy plaque deposits. plaque samples of unknown age were collected from 10 individuals in a tea estate, and another 10 samples were collected from dental students 19 days following interruption of oral hygiene. of 670 such strains of oral ...	1980	6768123
family planning performance at a major hospital in sri lanka.	862 men attending the family health clinic, general hospital, kurunegala, sri lanka for sterilization over the october 1, 1982-march 1983 period were interviewed to study the characteristics of the men attending the clinic and to assess the popularity of vasectomy over other methods of family planning. for the study to be more comprehensive, the figures of the family planning activities of the hospital from 1977-82 also were examined. 438 (55.5%) of the study subjects were paddy cultivators. ...	1983	6680335