Publications

how individual cells develop from a syncytium: merogony in theileria parva (apicomplexa).	the central problem for theileria parva during merogony is how to form numerous individual, uninucleate merozoites from a syncytial schizont so that each merozoite contains a single nucleus and a prescribed assortment of organelles. the way t. parva packages all the requisite organelles into free merozoites is by binding these organelles to the nuclear envelope, which in turn becomes associated, both directly and through the rhoptry complex, with the schizont plasma membrane. formation of the me ...	1992	1569119
characterisation of the gene encoding a candidate vaccine antigen of theileria parva sporozoites.	we have cloned and characterised the gene encoding the 67-kilodalton stage-specific surface antigen, p67, of theileria parva (muguga) sporozoites. the gene which is present in a single copy, is divided into 2 exons by an intron 29 bp long and is transcribed into mrna of about 2500 nucleotides. the gene is present in all stocks of t. parva and there is a related gene in theileria annulata. the deduced amino acid sequence of 709 residues predicts that p67 is a membrane protein and that it lacks ta ...	1992	1565135
further evaluation of the use of buparvaquone in the infection and treatment method of immunizing cattle against theileria parva derived from african buffalo (syncerus caffer).	three experiments were undertaken to determine the efficacy of different doses of buparvaquone in the infection and treatment immunization of cattle against theileria parva derived from african buffalo (syncerus caffer). two of these experiments also compared buparvaquone with standard doses of long- and short-acting formulations of oxytetracycline. in addition, different dilutions of stabilates were used in the experiments. in the first experiment, a 10(-1.0) dilution of stabilate was used to i ...	1992	1496799
transformation of theileria parva derived from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) by tick passage in cattle and its use in infection and treatment immunization.	a sporozoite stabilate (st. 199) of theileria parva was obtained by feeding nymphal rhipicephalus appendiculatus on an african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and was used to immunize cattle by the infection and treatment method. nymphal ticks were applied to one of the steers 90 days later and it was shown that the resultant adult tick had become infected. using tick/cattle passage, two passage lines of t. parva were established. by the fifth tick/cattle passage, the parasite stocks had changed their ...	1992	1496792
immunisation of cattle against theileriosis in nakuru district of kenya by infection and treatment and the introduction of unconventional tick control.	one hundred and one cross european-boran cattle (50 cows and 51 calves), on a farm in nakuru district, kenya, were immunised against theileriosis using theileria parva lawrencei and theileria parva parva stocks from another district of kenya. the stabilates used were t.p.lawrencei (mara iii) used at 10(-1.7) dilution and t.p.parva (kilae) used at 10(-1.0) dilution. the stabilates were combined and inoculated simultaneously with a short-acting formulation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride given in ...	1992	1496782
development and persistence of cowdria ruminantium specific antibodies following experimental infection of cattle, as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test.	different breeds of cattle were experimentally infected with palm river, a zimbabwean isolate, or ball-3, a south african isolate of cowdria ruminantium, derived from tissue culture or tick or blood stabilates. c. ruminantium specific antibody responses were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using c. ruminantium-infected bovine aortic endothelial (bae) cell cultures as antigen. the first detection of antibodies to c. ruminantium generally coincided with the peak of the feb ...	1992	1441219
a clinical trial of buparvaquone in the treatment of east coast fever.	a clinical trial was conducted to test buparvaquone (butalex; coopers pitman-moore) in the treatment of east coast fever under field conditions in kenya. data from 229 cases were analysed following treatment with one (69), two (142) or three (18) doses at 2.5 mg/kg. the majority of cattle (95.2 per cent) were exotic (bos taurus) or improved (bos taurus cross bos indicus) and 39.3 per cent were infected with anaplasma marginale. there was an overall recovery rate of 85.6 per cent, with 90.1 per c ...	1992	1441098
improved isolation of rinderpest virus in transformed bovine t lymphoblast cell lines.	bovine t lymphoblast cell lines transformed by the protozoan theileria parva were compared with bovine kidney (bk) and vero cells for their ability to isolate various strains of rinderpest virus from tissues and infected secretions. all of the strains of rinderpest virus that were tested, including attenuated cell-culture, caprinised and lapinised vaccines, and both mild and virulent pathogenic strains, readily induced syncytial cytopathic effect (cpe) in t lymphoblasts. the cpe could often be d ...	1992	1410806
cloning and characterization of the casein kinase ii alpha subunit gene from the lymphocyte-transforming intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva.	theileria parva is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which is the causative agent of east coast fever, an acute, leukemia-like disease of cattle. the intralymphocytic stage of the parasite induces blastogenesis and clonal expansion of quiescent bovid lymphocytes. experiments in our laboratory have shown a marked increase of casein kinase ii- (ck ii-) like activity in t. parva-transformed lymphocytes. we have also detected ck ii activity in purified t. parva schizonts. to explore the s ...	1992	1378299
immune cd4+ t cells specific for theileria parva-infected lymphocytes recognize a 24-kilodalton protein.	theileria parva is a protozoan parasite that infects and transforms bovine lymphocytes. here we report the partial purification of a t. parva-specific protein from infected lymphocytes that is recognized by cd4+ parasite-specific t-cell clones derived from immune cattle. t. parva-infected lymphocytes were homogenized in dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline in the presence of protease inhibitors. the antigen was purified from a postmicrosomal supernatant by using a combination of deae-cellulose c ...	1992	1354201
theileria parva: cd4+ helper and cytotoxic t-cell clones react with a schizont-derived antigen associated with the surface of theileria parva-infected lymphocytes.	theileria parva is a protozoan parasite which infects and transforms bovine lymphocytes, resulting in a fatal lymphoproliferative disease. there is evidence that immunity to the intralymphocytic schizont stage is mediated by t cells. we have previously reported derivation of cd4+ t-cell clones which recognize parasite-derived antigens presented on the surface of infected cells in conjunction with mhc molecules and partial characterization of the antigens. the present study further evaluated one ...	1992	1353459
detection of a carrier state in theileria parva-infected cattle by the polymerase chain reaction.	two sets of oligonucleotide primers, one derived from a repetitive sequence and the other from the gene encoding a 67 kda sporozoite antigen of theileria parva, were used to amplify parasite dna from the blood of t. parva-infected carrier cattle using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr amplification products were obtained from 15 carrier cattle infected with one of 4 different t. parva stocks. successful amplifications were performed using dna from 2 cattle infected with t. p. parva pemba ...	1992	1350672
interactions between chemotherapy and immunity in bovine theileriosis.	in bovine theileriosis the use of chemotherapy to control an infection sufficiently long to permit the establishment of a solid protective immune response has been developed as a routine vaccination procedure. infections with theileria parva and t. annulata can be prevented by the administration of carefully controlled numbers of sporozoites simultaneously with a long acting tetracycline and this form of immunization has been widely used for the control of east coast fever in africa with conside ...	1992	1308933
an ultrastructural study of heterokaryons derived from theileria parva-infected bovine lymphoblasts and ehrlich ascites tumour cells.	an ultrastructural study was made of sendai virus induced heterokaryons derived from theileria parva-infected lymphoblasts and ehrlich ascites tumour cells. when fusion occurred, parasites were successfully integrated into the cytoplasm of the resulting heterokaryons where they appeared as morphologically normal macroschizonts. homokaryon formation was also noted. this occurred frequently between ehrlich ascites tumour cells and rarely with lymphoblasts. a small proportion of heterokaryons conta ...	1976	987607
the effect of calf lymph and bovine red blood cells on in vitro cultivation of theileria parva-infected lymphoid cells.	calf lymph introduced to cultures of theileria parva-infected lymphoid cells caused a stimulation of both cells and parasites resulting in the formation of rapidly dividing cells and the developmental stages of the parasite. the presence of piroplasms was confirmed when washed bovine red blood corpuscles were added to the culture	1976	968954
immunization against east coast fever (theileria parva infection of cattle) by infection and treatment: chemoprophylaxis with n-pyrrolidinomethyl tetracycline.	cattle were immunized against east coast fever by the inoculation of a tick-derived stabilate of theileria parva infective particles and the intramuscular injection, at daily intervals, of n-pyrrolidinomethyl tetracycline at a dose level of 5 mg/kg. four doses of the tetracycline, starting on the day of inoculation of the infective stabilate, minimised the ecf reactions in the cattle during immunization. immunity to homologous t. parva stabilate challenge was demonstrated in 27 out of 27 cattle ...	1977	910283
[electron microscope studies on developmental stages of theileria parva (theiler, 1904) in the intestine of the tick hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (koch, 1844) (author's transl)].	the developmental stages of theileria parva within the intestine of ticks were studied by electron microscopy. on the 2nd-4th day post repletionem (p.r.) the intestine of the ticks contained numerous stages, which were very similar to microgamonts and microgametes of haemosporidia. from these results it seemed likely that gamogony of theileria parva takes place in the intestine of ticks, too. the microgamont-like stages were spear-head-like; they measured about 10.5 mum in length with a maximum ...	1976	821188
the effect of leucocytes from cattle immunized against east coast fever on the migration of bovine lymphoblasts infected with theileria parva.		1975	812298
experimental therapy of theileriosis.	a tissue culture method was used to screen compounds for activity against theileria parva, and demonstrated that the hydroxy-alkylated naphthoquinones, 'menoctone' and 993c were highly active, with ed50 values around 0,005 mg/l. when injected into cattle artificially infected the t. parva, menoctone cured all of 7 cattle at a total dosage of 10 mg/kg injected intravenously (i.v.). a further trial showed that injection of menoctone, 10 mg/kg, as a single dose gby the intramuscular (i.m.) route wa ...	1979	553970
induction of infective stages of theileria parva by exposure of host ticks to high temperature.	it was demonstrated that theileria parva parasites infective to cattle could be induced by exposure of infected adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks to 37 degrees c. the production of the sporozoites of t parva was not as efficient as by feeding ticks on rabbits.	1979	119344
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cattle: activity against 51cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes coated with protozoal antigens.	bovine mononuclear cells in the presence of bovine anti-chicken erythrocyte sera at high dilutions induce release of chromium-51 from labeled chicken erythrocytes. bovine effector cells are capable of recognizing both bovine immunoglobulin g(1) and bovine immunoglobulin g(2); in contrast, human effector cells only recognize immunoglobulin g(1). effector cell activity of bovine mononuclear cells is equally distributed between peripheral blood and spleen. as in other species, thymus and lymph node ...	1978	103832