Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [biology of bovine herpesviruses]. | cattle are the natural host of herpesviruses. since now four different bovine viruses have been described as members of the family herpesviridae. the prototype of the bovine herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), is the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ipv) and infectious balanoposthitis (ibp). the related bhv-5 is an exotic neurovirulent agent and like bhv-1 a member of the genus varicellovirus, within the subfamily alpha ... | 2003 | 12784548 |
| the effectiveness and limitations of immune memory: understanding protective immune responses. | immune memory is the foundation of the practise of vaccination. research on the molecular and cellular events leading to generation and development of memory t and b lymphocytes explain why there are heightened secondary immune responses after an initial encounter with antigen. in this review, we discuss how clonal expansion, targeted tissue localisation, more efficient antigen recognition and more proficient effector functions contribute to the improved effectiveness of memory cells. despite th ... | 2003 | 12782062 |
| evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) virus 1 (bvdv1), or bvdv 2 (bvdv2) were shed after parenteral administration of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | 2003 | 12762386 |
| recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 expressing p23 protein of cryptosporidium parvum induces neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. | in order to develop a vaccine against cryptosporidiosis in cattle, we constructed a recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) expressing an immunodominant surface protein, p23, of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. in the recombinant virus, the p23 gene under the control of a cag promoter and a gene coding for an enhanced green fluorescent protein were integrated into the gg gene of bhv-1. despite a low frequency of homologous recombination, cloning of the recombinants was easy because of the sp ... | 2003 | 12760641 |
| humoral immune response and assessment of vaccine virus shedding in calves receiving modified live virus vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1a. | susceptible calves were administered modified live virus (mlv) vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) and bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 (bvdv1a) strains intramuscularly, with one vaccine containing both mlv and inactivated bhv-1 and inactivated bvdv1a. there was no evidence of transmission of vaccine (bhv-1 and bvdv1a) strains to susceptible non-vaccinated controls commingled with vaccinates. no vaccinates had detectable bhv-1 in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) after vaccination. each ... | 2003 | 12710498 |
| interference of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in sorbitol-induced apoptosis. | in order to determine the ability of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) to suppress apoptosis, we examined the effects of bhv-1 infection on sorbitol-induced apoptosis on madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells. bhv-1 suppresses sorbitol-induced apoptosis in a manner similar to that of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), indicating that bhv-1 has one or more anti-apoptotic genes. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, expression of some genes encoding apoptosis-inhibiting and -promot ... | 2003 | 12704800 |
| effect of membranotropic and mucoadhesive formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors on bovine herpes virus-1 reproduction. | the lipidized derivatives of bowman-birk soybean protease inhibitor (bbi) containing one to three oleoyl groups were synthesized and characterized. the (ole)(1)- and (ole)(2)bbi were demonstrated to have 200- and 100-fold higher uptake into caco-2 cell monolayers compared to native bbi. the acylated bbi had increased affinity to elastase-like proteases. aprotinin-loaded starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and charact ... | 2003 | 12695026 |
| microbial contamination of embryos and semen during long term banking in liquid nitrogen. | we report on microbial contamination of embryos and semen cryopreserved in sealed plastic straws and stored for 6-35 years in liquid nitrogen. there were 32 bacterial and 1 fungal species identified from randomly drawn liquid nitrogen, frozen semen, and embryos samples stored in 8 commercial and 8 research facility liquid nitrogen (ln) tanks. the identified bacteria represented commensal or environmental microorganisms and some, such as escherichia coli, were potential or opportunistic pathogens ... | 2003 | 12686204 |
| evidence of herpesvirus infection in woodland caribou in saskatchewan. | sera were collected from 40 female and two male woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in saskatchewan (canada) from march 1992 to january 1995, inclusive. the samples were examined for antibodies against smooth brucella spp., five serovars of leptospira interrogans, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). twenty-two (52%) of 42 sera exhibited positive reactions to bhv-1 by a modified serum neutralization test, and the prevalence correlated positively with the age of ... | 2003 | 12685086 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| role of the ul28 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1 in viral dna cleavage and packaging. | in the aim to study the function of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) ul28 protein during the replicative cycle, we characterized a ul28 deletion mutant of bohv-1, bohv-1 delta ul28. productive growth of bohv-1 delta ul28 was only observed in a specifically engineered complementing cell line expressing the native ul28 protein, demonstrating that ul28 is essential for virus replication. ul28 deficiency did not compromised viral protein synthesis of the late class as shown by the detection of the ... | 2003 | 12664290 |
| infection of cattle with a bovine herpesvirus 1 strain that contains a mutation in the latency-related gene leads to increased apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia during the transition from acute infection to latency. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. after acute infection, the primary site for bhv-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (tg). reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna. an lr mutant was constructed by inserting three stop ... | 2003 | 12663791 |
| stimulation of bovine herpesvirus-1 productive infection by the adenovirus e1a gene and a cell cycle regulatory gene, e2f-4. | identifying cellular genes that promote bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) productive infection is important, as bhv-1 is a significant bovine pathogen. previous studies demonstrated that bhv-1 dna is not very infectious unless cotransfected with a plasmid expressing bicp0, a viral protein that stimulates expression of all classes of viral promoters. based on these and other studies, we hypothesize that the ability of bicp0 to interact with and modify the function of cellular proteins stimulates virus ... | 2003 | 12655094 |
| factors associated with first service conception in artificially inseminated nulliparous holstein heifers. | animal and management factors associated with first service conception in nulliparous dairy heifers were determined in 601 holstein heifers from a dairy farm in north central florida. animal data collected included body weight, height at the withers and tail head, body condition score at 6 months of age and just prior to first artificial insemination (ai), and pelvimetry measurements taken just prior to first ai. management data included season of first ai, inseminator, service sire, method of e ... | 2003 | 12620581 |
| comparison of a multivalent viral vaccine program versus a univalent viral vaccine program on animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot calves. | a field study was conducted under commercial feedlot conditions at 2 sites in western canada to determine the relative effects of a univalent viral vaccine (mlv 1) program versus a multivalent viral vaccine (mlv 4) program on animal health; feedlot performance; and carcass characteristic variables of fall-placed, auction market derived, feedlot calves. five thousand one hundred and sixty-three calves were processed and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental groups as follows: mlv 1, which rec ... | 2003 | 12619555 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in beef cattle herds of yucatan, mexico. | the main objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in a population of non-vaccinated beef cattle in the livestock region of yucatan, mexico and to determine potential risk factors related to the seroprevalence. also, we estimated the intraherd correlation (r(e)) and design effect (d) of ibr seropositivity. cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. blood samples were collected from 564 animals from 35 herds. ser ... | 2003 | 12609465 |
| glycoprotein g isoforms from some alphaherpesviruses function as broad-spectrum chemokine binding proteins. | mimicry of host chemokines and chemokine receptors to modulate chemokine activity is a strategy encoded by beta- and gammaherpesviruses, but very limited information is available on the anti-chemokine strategies encoded by alphaherpesviruses. the secretion of chemokine binding proteins (vckbps) has hitherto been considered a unique strategy encoded by poxviruses and gammaherpesviruses. we describe a family of novel vckbps in equine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5, and related alphaherp ... | 2003 | 12574120 |
| mutagenesis of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 genome cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome: analysis of glycoprotein e and g double deletion mutants. | the genome of bovine herpesvirus type 1 schönböken was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by inserting mini f plasmid sequences into the glycoprotein (g) e gene. the resulting bac clone, pbhv-1deltage, was transfected into bovine kidney cells and viable ge-negative bhv-1 (bhv-1deltage) was recovered. by rece/t mutagenesis in escherichia coli, the gg open reading frame was deleted from pbhv-1deltage. from the mutated bac, double negative bhv-1deltage-gg was reconstituted and its gr ... | 2003 | 12560561 |
| rapid onset of protection following vaccination of calves with multivalent vaccines containing modified-live or modified-live and killed bhv-1 is associated with virus-specific interferon gamma production. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with commercially-available multivalent vaccines containing either modified-live (mlv) bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (bovishield) or mlv plus killed (mlv + k) bhv-1 (reliant plus) on protection against challenge at 5 days after a single vaccination. an additional objective was to determine whether cell-mediated immunity as measured by virus-specific interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... | 2003 | 12559793 |
| topical delivery of plasmid dna using biphasic lipid vesicles (biphasix). | the development of non-invasive methods for the delivery of vaccines through the skin will greatly improve the safety and the administration of human and veterinary vaccines. in this study we examined the efficiency of topical delivery of plasmids by assessing the localization of gene expression using luciferase as a reporter gene and induction of immune responses using a plasmid encoding for the bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein d (pgd). topical administration of plasmids in a lipid-based ... | 2002 | 12542889 |
| mapping of the bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein c promoter region and its specific transactivation by the viral bicp27 gene product. | we investigated the cis-acting sequences of the promoter regulating the gene encoding the glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), a gene of the gamma1 class. s1 nuclease protection assays revealed that gc transcription initiated predominantly at position c18281 of the viral genome, corresponding to 21 and 56 bases downstream from putative tata-like and caat boxes, respectively. to map the gc promoter (pgc), we measured the ability of a series of nested deletions of the region +71 t ... | 2003 | 12536300 |
| induction of immune responses by dna vaccines in large animals. | it is generally recognized that dna vaccines are often less effective in large animals than in mice. one possible reason for this reduced effectiveness may be transfection deficiency and the low level of expression elicited by plasmid vectors in large animals. in our attempt to enhance transfection efficiency and, thereby, enhance immune responses, we employed a variety of methods inducing gene gun delivery or suppositories as delivery vehicles to mucosal surfaces, as well as electroporation for ... | 2003 | 12531334 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpesvirus 1 latency. | primary infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) can cause clinical symptoms in the peripheral and central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. recurrent ocular shedding leads to corneal scarring that can progress to vision loss. consequently, hsv-1 is the leading cause of corneal blindness due to an infectious agent. bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has similar biological properties to hsv-1 and is a significant health concern to the cattle industry. latency ... | 2003 | 12525426 |
| targeting with bovine cd154 enhances humoral immune responses induced by a dna vaccine in sheep. | cd40-cd154 interactions play an important role in regulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. recently, these interactions have been exploited for the development of therapeutic and preventive treatments. the objective of this study was to test the ability of bovine cd154 to target a plasmid-encoded ag to cd40-expressing apcs. to achieve this, a plasmid coding for bovine cd154 fused to a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein d (tgd), psliatgd-cd154, was construc ... | 2003 | 12517965 |
| effects of virion host shut-off activity of bovine herpesvirus 1 on mhc class i expression. | previously, we have shown that bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) down-regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules by interfering with transport of peptides by the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap). further studies revealed that bhv-1 down-regulates the expression of mrna for class i molecules and other cellular proteins. to further elucidate the mechanisms of down-regulation of class i molecules, a virion host shut-off (vhs) deletion mutant was ge ... | 2002 | 12513930 |
| rapid and efficient construction of recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 genomes. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle. recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 viruses (rbohv) have been studied extensively as potential vaccines for bohv-1 associated diseases. a method is described which advances protocols used currently for constructing rbohv by producing recombinant viruses free of parent virus. the method, restriction endonuclease mediated recombination (remr), utilises a unique nsii site in the bohv-1 genome. following nsii digestion the two genomic fr ... | 2003 | 12505643 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 u(s) orf8 protein induces apoptosis in infected cells and facilitates virus egress. | the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) u(s) orf8 protein with homology to the us9 protein of other alphaherpesviruses induces apoptosis in rabbit kidney (rk13) cells without the presence of other bhv-1-encoded proteins. in this article, we have characterized the cytotoxicity and growth behavior of a bhv-1 recombinant, bhv-1/d8, which fails to express the u(s) orf8 protein in infected cells. bhv-1/d8 exhibited a reduced cytotoxicity to rk13 cells when compared to the cytotoxicity of control bhv-1 strai ... | 2002 | 12490400 |
| in vitro inhibition of bovine herpes virus 1 reproduction with native and microencapsulated proteinase inhibitor aprotinin. | this study evaluated the antiviral effect of various dosage forms of proteinase inhibitor-aprotinin as a potential remedy for prophylactics and therapy of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. formulations of the inhibitor were tested for their influence on bovine herpes virus reproduction in cell cultures. starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules with aprotinin were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the ... | 2002 | 12480317 |
| augmentation of cellular immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d by vaccination with cpg-enhanced plasmid vectors. | the potential of cpg-enhanced plasmid dna vectors encoding a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (tgd) to induce enhanced immune responses in cattle was investigated. we created tgd expression plasmids containing 0, 40 or 88 copies of the hexamer 5' gtcgtt 3', a known pan-activating cpg motif in several species. the total tgd-specific igg titre of calves immunized with these plasmids did not correlate with the cpg content of the plasmid backbone. however, the p ... | 2002 | 12466473 |
| the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus-1 can inhibit the ability of bicp0 to activate productive infection. | transfection of bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus-1 genomic dna yields low levels of infectious virus. cotransfection with the bicp0 gene enhances productive infection and virus yield because bicp0 can activate viral gene expression. since the latency-related (lr) gene overlaps and is antisense to bicp0, the effects of lr gene products on productive infection were tested. the intact lr gene inhibited productive infection in a dose-dependent fashion but lr protein expression was not required. ... | 2002 | 12466472 |
| cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides, in combination with conventional adjuvants, enhance the magnitude and change the bias of the immune responses to a herpesvirus glycoprotein. | vaccine adjuvants must have the capacity to increase protective immune responses with minimal side effects. conventional adjuvants not only cause undesirable tissue site reactions, but often induce t-helper type 2 (th2)-biased responses which may be undesirable in certain disease scenarios. oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides (cpg odn) are novel adjuvants known to promote th1-type immune responses. in this study, we compared various mineral oil, metabolizable oil and ... | 2002 | 12443671 |
| bulk milk testing for antibody seroprevalences to bvdv and bhv-1 in a rural region of peru. | bulk milk from 60 herds of dairy cattle in a rural region in the central highlands of peru was tested for antibodies to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). none of the herds had been vaccinated against bvdv or bhv-1. commercially available indirect elisa-kits were used for antibody detection. true prevalences of bvdv and bhv-1 antibody-positive herds were 96 and 51%, respectively. a relatively low proportion of strongly positive herds suggests, however, a l ... | 2002 | 12441235 |
| mutations in the n-terminal domains of nectin-1 and nectin-2 reveal differences in requirements for entry of various alphaherpesviruses and for nectin-nectin interactions. | nectin-1 and nectin-2 are related molecules that can function with different specificities as entry receptors for mammalian alphaherpesviruses through interaction with viral glycoprotein d (gd). the normal function of members of the nectin family is to mediate cell-cell adhesion through homotypic and heterotypic nectin-nectin interactions in cadherin-based adherens junctions. we examined mutations in three equivalent regions of the n-terminal v-like domains of nectin-1 and nectin-2 to test the e ... | 2002 | 12438620 |
| coinfection with bhv-1 modulates cell adhesion and invasion by p. multocida and mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica. | viruses are thought to facilitate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. the present study shows the effect of bhv-1 on pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica adherence and invasion of mdbk cells. the virus-infected mdbk cells become more susceptible to the adherence of both species of pasteurella. the observed adherence increase depends on the length of virus pre-incubation time and on virus concentration. when mdbk cells are not infected with virus, they are only invaded by p ... | 2002 | 12437222 |
| in vitro and in vivo detection of mx gene products in bovine cells following stimulation with alpha/beta interferon and viruses. | this study focused on products of the bovine mx1 gene as specific markers for acute viral infections. the rationale for this is the fact that viral infections are commonly paralleled by the synthesis, release, and remote action of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta). released ifn-alpha/beta act through specific receptors present on nucleated cells to transduce signals for the transcription of numerous ifn-regulated genes, such as the ones for double-stranded-rna-dependent protein kinase, 2'- ... | 2002 | 12414749 |
| use of epitope mapping to identify a pcr template for protein amplification and detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d. | infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) occurs worldwide and causes serious economic losses due to the deaths of animals, abortions, decreased milk production, and loss of body weight. bhv-1 is frequently found in bovine semen and is transmitted through natural service and artificial insemination. the detection of bhv-1 in bovine semen is a long-standing problem in veterinary virology which is important in disease control schemes. in the present study, ordered deletions of the full-leng ... | 2002 | 12409372 |
| induction of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes specific for bovine herpesvirus-1 by dna immunization. | cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls) are critical for the defense against herpesvirus infections, in which cell-to-cell spread occurs earlier than the hematogenous spread. the ability of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) to undergo latency, to induce apoptosis of cd4(+) t-lymphocytes, and to down-regulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules, necessitates the development of immunization strategies that do not involve the live virus. the objective of this study was to e ... | 2002 | 12399204 |
| a review of mutual transmission of important infectious diseases between livestock and wildlife in europe. | oral vaccination of red foxes against rabies has been practiced in europe since 1978 and has succeeded in greatly reducing the occurrence of this disease in foxes: this is an example of coordinated activity against a disease that affects both wild and domestic animals as well as humans. some examples of diseases that affect both domestic and wild animals in europe are: classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild boars and domestic swine; myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease in domestic and ... | 2002 | 12381556 |
| virologic investigations of free-living european bison (bison bonasus) from the bialowieza primeval forest, poland. | we conducted virologic investigations on postmortem specimens from 261 free-living european bison (bison bonasus) from the bialowieza primeval forest, poland collected between 1990 and 2000. fifty-four of 94 males had balanoposthitis; none of the 167 female bison examined had reproductive tract lesions. peripheral blood, swabs, and various tissues were analyzed for bovine viruses as well as for viral dna by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) specific polymerase chain ... | 2002 | 12238370 |
| restriction endonuclease and monoclonal antibody analysis of brazilian isolates of bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5. | twelve brazilian isolates and three reference strains of bovine herpesviruses (bhvs) were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) and monoclonal antibody (mab) analysis. viral dna was cleaved with bamhi, bsteii, ecori, hindiii and psti. the monoclonal antibody panel allowed the differentiation between types 1 and 5 viruses, while rea with bsteii and hindiii showed the distinction between bhv-1 and -5 subtypes. typical 1.1 and 1.2a patterns were observed with two isolates from respir ... | 2002 | 12220807 |
| electroporation improves the efficacy of dna vaccines in large animals. | it is generally recognized that dna vaccines are often less effective in large animals than in mice. one possible reason for this reduced effectiveness may be transfection efficiency and the low level of expression elicited by plasmid vectors in large animals. a possible way to improve plasmid gene expression in vivo is electroporation. to determine whether we could enhance immune responses in pigs by electroporation, we used plasmids encoding two different genes (bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein ... | 2002 | 12213410 |
| susceptibility of bovine umbilical cord endothelial cells to bovine herpesviruses and pseudocowpox virus. | the purpose of the study was to determine the susceptibility of bovine umbilical cord endothelial (bue) cells to bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1, bhv2, bhv4 and bhv5, and to pseudocowpox virus. the detection limits and growth curves of these viruses in bue cells were compared with those in vero, madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk). or bovine fetal diploid lung (bfdl) cells. detection limits were determined by inoculating cell cultures with serial 10-fold dilutions of these viruses, and growth curves by ... | 2002 | 12212730 |
| the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein d plus emulsigen are increased by formulation with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) subunit vaccine formulated with emulsigen (em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides (cpg odn) was determined in cattle. a truncated, secreted version of bhv-1 glycoprotein d (tgd) formulated with em and cpg odn at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after bhv-1 ... | 2002 | 12186884 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinant expressing pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins b and c induces type 1 immune response in balb/c mice. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) attached poorly and penetrated into a mouse cell line, balb 3t3/a31, but a recombinant bhv-1/tf7-6, which expresses pseudorabies virus (prv) gb and gc genes, did attach and penetrated into cells more efficiently. in this study the gene green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been integrated into genome of bhv-1/tf7-6 and its parental line of bhv-1. when the mouse mesenteries were incubated in vitro and infected with bhv-1/tf7-6/gfp, strong fluorescence was observed while ... | 2002 | 12185312 |
| susceptibility of sensory neurons to apoptosis following infection by bovine herpesvirus type 1. | like other members of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) establishes latent infections in sensory neurons. bhv-1 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells in vivo and in epithelial cell lines, but the ability of bhv-1 to induce apoptosis in sensory neurons remains unknown. in this report, the susceptibility of rabbit ganglionic neurons to infection by bhv-1 was examined in vitro and in vivo. following infection of cultured neurons with bhv-1, hallmarks of apoptosis ... | 2002 | 12185281 |
| effect of genistein on replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | to study the antiviral activity of genistein, a soya isoflavone, on in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). | 2002 | 12171165 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction and restriction typing assay for the diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 4 infections. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method coupled with a restriction analysis of pcr products (pcr with restriction fragment length polymorphism) was developed for the simultaneous detection of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 4 infections. the specificity, sensitivity, and practical diagnostic applicability of this method were evaluated. this assay may be also adapted to the diagnosis of suid herpesvirus 1 and equine herpesviruses 1 and 3 and could bec ... | 2002 | 12152821 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b: predominant bvdv subtype in calves with respiratory disease. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. in 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. during the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isola ... | 2002 | 12146890 |
| evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: assessment of a retained ownership program for postweaning calves. | the objective of this study was to evaluate animal health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. there were 24 herds represented by 417 calves in a retained ownership program. the health status at entry was represented by the levels of serum antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1a, bvdv2), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), mannheimia haemolytica, and paste ... | 2002 | 12146889 |
| induction of apoptosis in rabbit kidney cell under high-level expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 u(s) orf8 product. | the open reading frame 8 (orf8) within the short unique (u(s)) region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome was predicted to encode a protein with homology to u(s)9 protein of other alpha herpesviruses. the aim of this study is to identify the protein encoded by the u(s) orf8 and to examine the effect of its expression in mammalian cells. | 2002 | 12145540 |
| a study on latency in calves by five vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. | four bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) commercial vaccines, three of which (vaccines b, d, e) were modified live vaccines (mlv) and one (vaccine a) identified as a live strain of bhv-1 ge negative, were used for vaccination of calves, using three calves for each vaccine. three months after vaccination calves were subjected to dexamethasone (dms) treatment following which virus was recovered from calves inoculated with vaccine b and from those given vaccine d. no virus reactivation was obtained in cal ... | 2002 | 12135235 |
| cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides augment and switch the immune responses of cattle to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d. | the adjuvanticity of a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cpg motifs (cpg odn) was determined in cattle. calves were immunized with a truncated secreted version of glycoprotein d (tgd) of bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) formulated with alum, cpg odn, or a combination of both. bhv-1 tgd formulated with cpg odn or with alum and cpg odn induced a stronger and more balanced immune response than tgd in alum. this level of immunity was of sufficient magnitude to minimize weight loss ... | 2002 | 12126915 |
| viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review. | this review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. subclinical mastitis has been induced after a ... | 2002 | 12119136 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| adenine and deazaadenine nucleoside and deoxynucleoside analogues: inhibition of viral replication of sheep mvv (in vitro model for hiv) and bovine bhv-1. | a series of n(6)-cycloalkyl-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives has been prepared by coupling of 2,6-dichloropurine to protected 2,3-dideoxyribose, followed by reaction with appropriate cycloalkylamines. synthesized compounds, along with other purine nucleoside analogues previously synthesized in our laboratory, have been tested for their antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and sheep maedi/visna virus (mvv), the latter being an in vitro and in vivo model of human immunodeficie ... | 2002 | 12110319 |
| bhv-1-specific cd4+, cd8+, and gammadelta t cells in calves vaccinated with one dose of a modified live bhv-1 vaccine. | expression of the high-affinity interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain (cd25) was used to monitor antigen-specific activation of t lymphocyte subsets (cd4+, cd8+, and gammadelta t cells) from cattle immunized with modified live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). calves seronegative for bhv-1 were either vaccinated with one dose of modified live vaccine containing bhv-1 or not vaccinated to serve as negative controls. two animals vaccinated 7 and 5 weeks before the start of the experiment with two doses o ... | 2002 | 12081020 |
| amino acid substitutions in the v domain of nectin-1 (hvec) that impair entry activity for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 but not for pseudorabies virus or bovine herpesvirus 1. | the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into cells requires the interaction of viral glycoprotein d (gd) with a cellular gd receptor to trigger the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. nectin-1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, can serve as a gd receptor for hsv types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) as well as for the animal herpesviruses porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). the hsv-1 gd binding domain of nectin-1 is hypothesized to overlap ami ... | 2002 | 12072525 |
| of the three tegument proteins that package mrna in herpes simplex virions, one (vp22) transports the mrna to uninfected cells for expression prior to viral infection. | an earlier report has shown that herpes simplex virus 1 virions package rna. experiments designed to reveal the identity of the virion proteins capable of binding the rna and to show whether the mrna carried in the newly infected cells was expressed showed the following: (i) (32)p-labeled riboprobe generated by in vitro transcription of the u(s)8.5 orf bound three proteins identified as the products of u(s)11, u(l)47, and u(l)49 (vp22) genes. (ii) viral rna was bound to u(l)47 or u(s)11 proteins ... | 2002 | 12060774 |
| a mutation in the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 disrupts the latency reactivation cycle in calves. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. following acute infection, the primary site for bhv-1 latency is the sensory neuron. reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. the only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (lr) rna, suggesting that it mediates some aspect of latency. an lr mutant was constru ... | 2002 | 12050390 |
| construction and manipulation of an infectious clone of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome maintained as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | the complete genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) strain v155 has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). following electroporation into escherichia coli strain dh10b, the bohv-1 bac was stably propagated over multiple generations of its host. bac dna recovered from dh10b cells and transfected into bovine cells produced a cytopathic effect which was indistinguishable from that of the parent virus. analysis of the replication kinetics of the viral progeny indicated that inserti ... | 2002 | 12050379 |
| bhv-1 dna vaccination: effect of the adjuvant rn-205 on the modulation of the immune response in mice. | it is well documented that adjuvants improve the immune response generated by traditional viral vaccines, but less is known about the effects of adjuvants on the immune response elicited by dna vaccines. in this study, we have investigated the use of rn-205 (immunomodulator containing a membrane rich in lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria) as an adjuvant and analyzed the humoral and cellular specific immune responses elicited by dna vaccines based on the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) g ... | 2002 | 12034090 |
| characterization of the glycoprotein b gene from ruminant alphaherpesviruses. | the complete open reading frame and promoter region of the glycoprotein b (gb) gene has been identified and sequenced from five poorly characterized alphaherpesviruses of ruminants, bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5), buffalo herpesvirus 1 (buhv-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (cerhv-1), rangiferine herpesvirus 1 (ranhv-1), and caprine herpesvirus 1 (caphv-1). one of the two regions identified with considerable sequence and length variation is also target of the immune system, as two b cell epitopes have be ... | 2002 | 12018712 |
| sequence analysis of the alpha trans-inducing factor of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5). | bovine herpesvirus (bhv), a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, is classified into neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent subtypes on a basis of differential neuropathogenicities. transcription of viral immediate early (ie) genes during alphaherpesvirus gene expression, is mediated by a multi-component immediate early complex (iec) integrated by the viral tegument protein alpha trans-inducing factor (alpha-tif), a host cell protein (hcf), and a host octamer protein (oct). in this paper, we ... | 2002 | 12018705 |
| th1/th2 biasing effects of vaccination in cattle as determined by real-time pcr. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is now becoming an accepted tool for measuring gene expression at the transcriptional level. in this study, a direct comparison between real-time pcr, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) assay was performed. when interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene expression was assessed, both elisa and elispot data strongly correlated to results obtained by real-time pcr. real-time pcr was subsequently used to measure ... | 2002 | 12009200 |
| the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. | blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ... | 1999 | 12001336 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing, and characterization of bovine transporter associated with antigen processing 2 ( botap2). | the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) 1/2 heterodimer is essential for the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) inhibits bovine tap (botap) activity, as a means of down-regulating mhc class i expression on the cell surface, and hence evasion of the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response of the host. identification of bhv-1 protein(s) responsible for tap inhibition, and elucidation of the mechanism o ... | 2002 | 11976789 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul51 homologue gene. | we characterized the expression kinetics of the transcript and protein generated from the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul51 gene. the bhv1 ul51 orf, located at positions 7236-->7967 of the viral genome, generated a major 1.05 kb transcript accumulating at very low abundance as soon as 3 h post-infection (p.i.), after which its levels increased to reach a plateau from 6 to 12 h p.i., and then slowly decreased up to 24 h p.i. as determined by s1 nuclea ... | 2002 | 11900845 |
| transduction of vero cells and bovine monocytes with a herpes simplex virus-1 based amplicon carrying the gene for the bovine herpesvirus-1 circ protein. | herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) based amplicon vectors are promising gene delivery vehicles because they have a large transgene capacity and can efficiently transduce many different cell types, including non-dividing cells, of various animal species. the circ protein of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is a myristylated virion component of unknown function. preliminary experiments with a circ gene deletion mutant indicated that circ may influence the host's immune response by downregulating mhc-ii ex ... | 2002 | 11888699 |
| analysis of bovine trigeminal ganglia following infection with bovine herpesvirus 1. | following primary infection of the eye, oral cavity, and/or nasal cavity, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic (tg) neurons. virus reactivation and spread to other susceptible animals occur after natural or corticosteroid-induced stress. infection of calves with bhv-1 leads to infiltration of lymphocytes in tg and expression of ifn-gamma (interferon-gamma), even in latently infected calves. during latency, virus antigen and nucleic acid positive non-neural ce ... | 2002 | 11888697 |
| search for physical interaction between bicp0 of bovine herpesvirus-1 and p53 tumor suppressor protein. | the immediate-early (ie) protein bicp0 of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) may have other functions besides transactivation of viral promoters. recently, we observed that bicp0, delivered to cultured cells by a helpervirus-free amplicon system, forms spherical or doughnut-like structures in which the tumor suppressor protein p53 is sequestered. the objective was to determine whether bicp0 and p53 interact physically, we used both yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems. as a bait plasmid, pva3 which ... | 2002 | 11888693 |
| improvement of serological discrimination between herpesvirus-infected animals and animals vaccinated with marker vaccines. | control/eradication plans of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and suid herpesvirus 1 (shv1) infections involve vaccination with inactivated or attenuated ge-deleted marker vaccines and associated companion serological tests to discriminate naturally infected from vaccinated animals. blocking or competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been designed for the detection of specific antibodies against bhv1 or shv1 ge glycoprotein. the antigen source usually consists of a crude viral pr ... | 2002 | 11888690 |
| glycoprotein m of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is nonessential for replication in cell culture and is involved in inhibition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus f protein induced syncytium formation in recombinant bhv-1 infected cells. | cell cultures infected with bhv-1/f(syn), a recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) which expresses a synthetic open reading frame encoding the fusion (f) protein of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), showed a cytopathic effect (cpe) indistinguishable from that induced by wildtype bhv-1 although transient transfection experiments demonstrated that expression of the f protein leads to formation of large syncytia. since it has been shown that glycoprotein m (gm) of pseudorabies virus ... | 2002 | 11888688 |
| detecting antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bvd virus infections using milk samples from individual cows. | 2002 | 11888111 | |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g is necessary for maintaining cell-to-cell junctional adherence among infected cells. | glycoproteins ge and gg of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) are involved in viral cell-to-cell transmission. we have compared the subcellular localizations of ge and gg and examined the cell-to-cell adherence of bovine kidney (mdbk) cells infected with bhv-1 mutants lacking ge or gg. in bhv-1-infected mdbk cells, ge was observed at cell junctions but did not localize at apical or basal plasma membranes. bhv-1 gg was primarily found in the cytoplasm and was also observed at boundaries among infected ... | 2002 | 11886262 |
| varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 2 encodes a membrane phosphoprotein that is dispensable for viral replication and for establishment of latency. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes six genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. one of these genes, vzv open reading frame 2 (orf2), was expressed as a 31-kda phosphoprotein in the membranes of infected cells. unlike equine and bovine herpesvirus type 1 orf2 homologs that are associated with virions, vzv virions contained no detectable orf2 protein. the orf2 deletion mutant established a latent infection in cotton rats at a frequency and with a number of vzv genomes similar to ... | 2002 | 11884583 |
| demonstration of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and mannheimia haemolytica antigens in specimens stored for up to 22 months in buffered formalin. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and mannheimia haemolytica antigens were demonstrated in lung tissues that were stored in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for 1 to 22 months using the immunoperoxidase method. there were no differences observed in terms of labelling intensity and distribution of m. haemolytica antigens between specimens stored for 1 and 22 months. the labeling intensity in sections from 2-cm thick specimens was comparable to those from 0.2-cm thick specimens. there was n ... | 2002 | 11858651 |
| vaccination of calves against bovine herpesvirus-1: assessment of the protective value of eight vaccines. | eight separate, but related experiments, were carried out in which groups of six calves were vaccinated with one of eight commercial vaccines. in each experiment the vaccinated calves were subsequently exposed to three calves infected with virulent bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). in each experiment, all infected donor calves developed a typical severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) infection and excreted virus in their nasal secretions of up to 10(8.00) tcid50/0.1 ml. one live bhv-1 ge-ne ... | 2002 | 11831745 |
| effect of experimental infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) on the ex vivo interaction of bovine leukocytes with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin. | mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica a1 produces an extracellular leukotoxin (lkt) that is reported to bind the beta(2)-integrin cd11a/cd18 (lea-1) on ruminant leukocytes. lkt binding induces activation, and subsequent cytolysis, of these cells. it is well known that active viral infection greatly increases the susceptibility of cattle to pasteurellosis. to better understand the mechanism by which this occurs, we investigated the effects of experimental in vivo infection of cattle with bovine he ... | 2002 | 11825601 |
| oral dna vaccination in utero induces mucosal immunity and immune memory in the neonate. | infectious diseases are responsible for a significant number of deaths during the first weeks of life. some of the salient pathogens include hsv, hiv, hepatitis b virus, group b streptococcus, haemophilus sp., and chlamydia sp. the vertical transmission of many of these pathogens significantly increases the risk of neonatal infection. we recently reported that oral dna immunization in utero induced high serum ab titers and cell-mediated immunity in fetal lambs. in this study, we demonstrate immu ... | 2002 | 11823522 |
| induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cattle by intranasal administration of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein gc or gd. | replication-defective human adenoviruses type 5 (had5) expressing the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gc or gd under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer (adcmvgc or adcmvgd) or the 5' regulatory region of the human desmin gene (addesmgc or addesmgd) were generated. a preliminary experiment performed on rabbits showed that the intranasal administration of adcmv elicited higher levels of bhv-1 neutralizing antibodies than the intramuscular admi ... | 2002 | 11818166 |
| the significance of the golgi complex in envelopment of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as revealed by cryobased electron microscopy. | nucleocapsids of herpesviruses originate in the nucleus of host cells and bud through the inner nuclear membrane acquiring tegument and envelope. the release of the enveloped virus particle from the perinuclear space is unknown. cryobased electron microscopic imaging revealed enveloped virus particles within cisterns associated with the perinuclear space, a pre-golgi compartment connecting golgi cisterns to the perinuclear space, and enveloped virus particles in golgi cisterns where they are pac ... | 2002 | 11814872 |
| nylon membrane-immobilized pcr for detection of bovine viruses. | bridge technology is an amplification technique in which pairs of primers are immobilized on a solid support, allowing amplification only at the location of the primer pair spot. the technique has diagnostic potential since an array of primer pairs, each specific for a different pathogen, can be used with a diagnostic sample without inter-pair interactions that plague the development of multiplex pcrs. as a result, one assay should be able to determine which of multiple pathogens are present and ... | 2002 | 11808702 |
| a blocking elisa with improved sensitivity for the detection of passively acquired maternal antibodies to bhv-1. | four serological tests were evaluated for their ability to detect passively acquired maternal antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1. a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated superior sensitivity in the detection of such antibodies in calves up to 9-11 months old, versus calves up to 7 months old for other tests. | 2002 | 11802669 |
| a gene capable of blocking apoptosis can substitute for the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript gene and restore wild-type reactivation levels. | after ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection, the virus travels up axons and establishes a lifelong latent infection in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. lat (latency-associated transcript), the only known viral gene abundantly transcribed during hsv-1 neuronal latency, is required for high levels of reactivation. the lat function responsible for this reactivation phenotype is not known. recently, we showed that lat can block programmed cell death (apoptosis) in neurons of the tri ... | 2002 | 11773398 |
| the importance of interleukin-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in the lungs of cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis. | interleukin-8 (il-8), an in vitro and in vivo neutrophil chemoattractant, is expressed at high levels in the lesions observed in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. because of the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis, we investigated the relative importance of il-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in this disease. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid was harvested from calves experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 and challenged with mannheimia haemolytica. ne ... | 2001 | 11768129 |
| virus neutralising antibodies against 22 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates in vaccinated calves. | seven of nine colostrum deprived calves, free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), were vaccinated with a commercially available vaccine containing two inactivated strains of bvdv, an inactivated strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 and modified-live strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza-3 virus. the two other calves were kept as controls. the virus neutralising (vn) antibodies induced by vaccination were tested against 22 antigenically diverse bvdv isolates, including ... | 2002 | 11749137 |
| a novel approach to induce cell cycle reentry in terminally differentiated muscle cells. | during terminal differentiation, skeletal muscle cells permanently retract from the cell cycle. we and others have shown previously that this cell cycle withdrawal is an actively maintained state that can be reversed by transient expression of the sv40 large t antigen. in an attempt to avoid the hazards of gene transfer and the difficulties of regulating transgene expression, we have now used this cellular system as a model to test whether direct protein delivery could constitute a feasible alte ... | 2002 | 11729099 |
| expression kinetics of the late ul12 gene encoding the bovine herpesvirus 1 alkaline nuclease. | we characterized the expression kinetics of the transcript and protein generated from the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul12 gene that encodes a viral alkaline nuclease. the bhv1 ul12 coding sequence, which was previously shown to express in e. coli a protein exhibiting nuclease activity, is located at positions 82776-->84239 of the viral genome. northern blot analysis of rna from bhv1-infected cells with a single strand rna probe complementary to ul1 ... | 2001 | 11722011 |
| advances in bhv1 (ibr) research. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) is the aetiological agent of a number of diseases and not only of ibr, namely infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ipv), infectious balanoposthitis (ibp), conjunctivitis, encephalomyelitis, mastitis, abortion, enteritis, and lesions in the interdigital space. the serological identical strains differ, however, in some aspects. typical genital strains usually cause a mild illness, sometimes not even detected clinically, but serologically. they hamper eradication pro ... | 2001 | 11721589 |
| [the preparation phosprenyl suppresses diarrhea and cattle infectious rhinotracheitis virus multiplication in sensitive cell cultures]. | fosprenil suppressed the multiplication of cattle diarrhea virus in calf coronary vessel cell culture. added to the culture of infected cells in a dose of 200 mg, the drug decreased the virus titer 30-fold in comparison with infected control cultures. antiviral activity of fosprenil towards infective rhinotracheitis virus multiplication was still higher: in a dose of 100 mg it decreased the virus titer in fetal calf lung culture 100-fold in comparison with the control. moreover, the cytopathogen ... | 2001 | 11715710 |
| priming by dna immunization augments t-cell responses induced by modified live bovine herpesvirus vaccine. | dna vaccines have several advantages over conventional vaccines. one of the most important characteristics is the presentation of antigen via both mhc class i and class ii receptors. although this generally results in strong t-cell responses, antibody production and protection achieved by dna immunization are unfortunately not always adequate. in contrast, modified live virus (mlv) vaccines usually induce adequate antibody and moderate cellular responses, whereas killed vaccines tend to elicit w ... | 2001 | 11714981 |
| defective infection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in non-permissive murine cells. | the defective growth of bovine herpesvirus i (bhv-1) was analyzed in non-permissive murine embryo fibroblast, balb/3t3 a31-1-1 (a31) cells. bhv-1 was able to attach and penetrate into a31 cells at similar levels that were seen in semi-permissive cells. once penetrated into a31 cells, bhv-1 was efficiently transported to nuclei, but the onset of expression of immediate early (ie) protein and viral dna replication was not observed. these data suggest that the viral replication of bhv-1 in a31 cell ... | 2001 | 11714033 |
| development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of bovine herpesvirus-1 and -5. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bhv-5) are closely related viruses which exhibit some important differences at the genetic and immunogenic levels which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) was developed to detect and differentiate between bhv-1 and bhv-5. in this m-pcr two pairs of primers (tk1, tk2 and gd1, gd2) were used in the same reaction mix to amplify a thymidine kinase ... | 2001 | 11708680 |
| reverse immunogenetic and polyepitopic approaches for the induction of cell-mediated immunity against bovine viral pathogens. | the control of several infectious diseases of animals by vaccination is perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of veterinary medicine in the last century. even the eradication of some pathogens is in sight, at least in some parts of the world. however, infectious diseases continue to cost millions of dollars to the livestock industry. one of the reasons for the failure to control certain pathogens is the limited emphasis placed on cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in the design of vaccines again ... | 2000 | 11708596 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the ul25 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1.1. | we investigated whether the bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv1) orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) ul25 gene, represented a functional gene. the bhv1 ul25 orf, which is located at positions 60602<--62398 of the viral genome, generated a 4.5 kb transcript accumulating at low abundance as soon as 3 hours p.i. after which the levels increased up to 12h p.i. and remained constant up to 24 hours p.i. in addition, ul25 transcription initiated at 303 bases upstream from the translation ini ... | 2001 | 11699956 |
| suppository-mediated dna immunization induces mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle. | mucosal surfaces are the primary sites for the transmission of infectious agents including viruses, so effective vaccines generally should induce mucosal immunity. furthermore, noninvasive delivery is desirable because of the ease of application, the high degree of patient compliance, and the improved safety for patients and clinicians due to the elimination of needles. unfortunately, most of the conventional vaccines are parenterally administered and result in systemic rather than mucosal immun ... | 2001 | 11689054 |
| fusion of c3d molecule with bovine rotavirus vp7 or bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d inhibits immune responses following dna immunization. | the binding of the complement c3d molecule with receptors on b cells and/or follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) influences the induction of humoral immune responses. for example, c3d fused to an antigen has been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect on antibody production. we investigated the possibility that co-expression of antigen and c3d as a fusion protein could enhance antigen-specific immune responses, following plasmid immunization. one or two copies of murine c3d-cdna, c3d or (c3d)(2), r ... | 2001 | 11604163 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein e and use for the differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. | a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) was obtained. for that purpose, mice were either tolerized to bhv-1 ge-negative virus and then immunized with wild type bhv-1 or immunized with plasmid dna expressing the ge and gi glycoproteins. the mabs were characterized by their reactivity with the ge protein or the ge/gi complex and by competition experiments. results showed that the mabs were directed against three antigenic ... | 2001 | 11600264 |
| expression kinetics of the transcript and product of the ul28 homologue of bovine herpesvirus 1. | we report that the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) ul28 orf, a homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ul28 gene, represents a functional gene encoding a viral specific protein. the bhv1 ul28 orf, located at positions 53058-->55538 of the viral genome, encodes a viral specific transcript of 3.4 kb detected at 6 h post-infection (p.i.) after which its levels accumulated up to 12 h p.i. and then remained constant up to 24 h p.i. transcription of the bhv1 ul28 was determined to initiate 95 bases up ... | 2001 | 11597745 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |