Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| increasing rate of pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx: a sentinel indicator for human immunodeficiency virus. | to describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx, new york city from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), for bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (n = 21,822). hospital deaths from pcp and immune disorders were analysed separately as a non-recurrent indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related disease prevalence by age, sex and geographical areas. from 1 ... | 1989 | 2621030 |
| pulmonary diseases in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in zimbabwe, central africa. | during the 11 month period up to 30 september 1987, 37 patients (26 male, 11 female, mean age 27 years) with respiratory symptoms who were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive, were studied prospectively on 40 occasions to determine the cause of any pulmonary complications. hiv was heterosexually transmitted. predominant symptoms were cough (89%), fever (89%), weight loss (83%), and dyspnoea (60%). transnasal fibre-optic bronchoscopy (with bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushings and t ... | 1989 | 2617633 |
| opportunistic infection and antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in wegener's granulomatosis. | antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca) are of established value in the diagnosis of wegener's granulomatosis allowing early introduction of therapy. these patients are at risk of opportunistic infection, especially whilst receiving immunosuppressive drugs and this may mimic reactivation of disease. we present three cases of wegener's granulomatosis complicated by opportunistic infection and assess the value of anca detection. two presented with symptoms compatible with disease reactivation ... | 1989 | 2616825 |
| an electrophoretic karyotype and assignment of ribosomal genes to resolved chromosomes of pneumocystis carinii. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to generate a molecular karyotype of chromosomes from the opportunistic aids pathogen, pneumocystis carinii. p. carinii cysts and trophozoites were isolated from immunosuppressed rats, lysed in situ in agarose blocks, and subjected to orthogonal-field gel electrophoresis (ofage) and contour-clamped homogeneous-field gel electrophoresis (chef). ofage and chef gels resolved, respectively, 16 or 20 chromosome bands ranging in size from 0.32-1.5 megabase pai ... | 1989 | 2615653 |
| [thoracic manifestations of aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)]. | aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) seems to be related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and is characterized by severe t-helpers lymphocyte dysfunction. many of the aids patients (47-70%) develop pulmonary manifestations, both infectious and neoplastic, in the course of their disease. in the department of infectious diseases of our hospital are studied many patients hiv+. every year 246 seropositive new patients have been discovered. among them we have studied 25 subjects with respir ... | 1989 | 2608934 |
| fatal pneumocystis carinii in an adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus. | we report the case of a 16-year-old female who developed pulmonary infection due to pneumocystis carinii within 3 months of the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). steroid therapy doses never exceeded prednisone 40 mg/day, and no cytotoxic drugs were used. the case presents several unique aspects of importance to clinicians caring for adolescents with sle. | 1989 | 2606762 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome--report of an autopsy case. | authors report the first autopsy case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in korea. the patient was a 26 years old korean male who died of respiratory failure due to mixed pulmonary infections. he had history of homosexual contacts with partners of both domestic and foreign nationalities. initial presentation was unexplained fever for two months. serological test and western blot test for anti-hiv were positive and t-cell subset analysis revealed t3/t4/t8 to be 73/8/67%. pulmonary tuberculosi ... | 1989 | 2597361 |
| [mycoses and aids]. | the number of patients with aids is still growing rapidly. the identification of opportunistic diseases requires special skills in microbiology. the methods for identifying and distinguishing between opportunistic fungi and pneumocystis carinii are introduced. | 1989 | 2596121 |
| nebulised pentamidine as treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1989 | 2595628 | |
| aids and the lung. introduction. | damage to the immune system induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) leads to a spectrum of opportunistic infections of which the lung is the most common site. in europe and north america, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the presenting symptom in 64% of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and occurs at some point in 80% of aids victims. this infection is less common in africa, where tuberculosis is the predominant opportunistic infection. other aids-related lung infe ... | 1989 | 2595618 |
| bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces complicating aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2595043 | |
| survival in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | we describe our experience at jackson memorial hospital in miami, florida, with 172 children who were given diagnoses of perinatally acquired infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the 146 mothers of the children acquired hiv-1 through heterosexual contact (69 percent), intravenous drug use (30 percent), or blood transfusion (1 percent). the children presented with symptomatic disease at a median age of eight months; only 21 percent presented after the age of two years. the ... | 1989 | 2594038 |
| the diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in aids patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 17 consecutive aids patients with suspected opportunistic infections. a total number of 23 bronchoscopies were performed and a comparison was made about the effectiveness of the available diagnostic techniques, which included bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial brushings. the most common cause of pulmonary parenchymal disease was pneumocystis carinii (7 patients). in 6 of these hiv-positive patients the detection of infectio ... | 1989 | 2590052 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in stockholm, sweden: treatment, outcome, one-year-follow-up and pyrimethamine prophylaxis. | in 33 consecutive aids patients with a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) we evaluated treatment, outcome, recurrence rate and pyrimethamine as chemoprophylaxis in a 1-year follow-up. only 2 patients had a cd4 lymphocyte cell count greater than 0.2 x 10(9)/l. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) was initially given to 32 patients but in 20 of these patients severe adverse reactions caused us to discontinue treatment. of these 20 patients 11 were started on i.v./i.m. pentami ... | 1989 | 2587940 |
| the outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in danish patients with aids. | a total of 100 consecutive patients with aids were evaluated for efficacy and safety of treatment and secondary prophylaxis directed against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). 89 episodes of pcp were recorded in 75 patients. 63 of the 75 patients (84%) with a first episode of pcp were discharged. of 72 patients with a first episode of pcp who were initially treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 76% completed therapy successfully. side effects were common, but generally mild and tolerate ... | 1989 | 2587939 |
| [a new case of necrotizing pneumocystosis in aids]. | the authors report the case of an aids patient presenting with both streptococcus pneumoniae pneumoniae and pneumocystosis. what was remarkable in that case was the appearance, in an otherwise favourable course, of a large excavation in the territory of the pneumonia. the responsibility of pneumocystis carinii in this excavation is discussed. | 1989 | 2587895 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. aspects of clinical evolution in 37 cases]. | this study concerns 37 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. the time elapsed between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity and the onset of pneumocystosis has been established. three clinical types are individualized. in cases with normal x-ray films of the chest, measurement of carbon dioxide transfer capacity, always reduced, has led to a bronchoalveolar lavage which provided an early diagnosis. in spite of good response to treatment, the prognosis of pneumocys ... | 1989 | 2587892 |
| [pathologic changes of infections in patients after receiving immunosuppressive therapy in renal allografts]. | 30 cases of autopsies of patients who died after human renal allografts were studied. the incidence of infection was 60% and the lethal infectious complications amounted to 43%. the most common infectious agents were bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. in addition, some opportunistic agents, such as cryptococcus, aspergillus, mucormycosis, pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus were also found. all these patients had a history of receiving large dosage of immunosuppressive drugs su ... | 1989 | 2582555 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). diagnosis with bronchial brushings, biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. | sixty-one diagnostic biopsies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were performed on 40 homosexual male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. bronchial brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in conjunction with the biopsy in 58 and 29 bronchoscopies, respectively. using a rapid methenamine silver stain, p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 27 (68 percent) of the patients. twenty of these patients had a repeat biopsy one or mor ... | 1985 | 2580669 |
| prevention of lung infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | current evidence indicates that the length of survival for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is increasing, thereby affording a greater opportunity for strategies designed to prevent the infectious diseases that mark the syndrome. because these infections may occur at different stages of immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), effective application of preventive measures depends not only on detection of hiv infection but also on the use of st ... | 1989 | 2575801 |
| increased sensitivity of immunofluorescence for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2574793 | |
| pentamidine aerosol to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2571064 | |
| clindamycin/primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2570324 | |
| inhaled pentamidine in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2570253 | |
| sputum induction for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 51 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia underwent sputum induction. sputum specimens from 18 patients were positive for p carinii and patients were treated appropriately 25 of the 33 patients with negative specimens underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage within 4 days of sputum induction, only 1 of whom had evidence of pneumocystis infection. for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, sputum induction acc ... | 1989 | 2568530 |
| failure of pyrimethamine-clindamycin combination for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2567474 | |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia relapse by pentamidine aerosol in zidovudine-treated aids patients. | to examine the efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) relapse in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) being treated with zidovudine, 51 patients who had had an episode of pcp in the previous 5 months were enrolled in a randomised controlled study. 25 patients (group i) received pentamidine mesylate aerosol (4 mg/kg every 2 weeks for the first month then monthly) and zidovudine, and 26 patients (group ii) zido ... | 1989 | 2567372 |
| unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) | to determine alterations in serum thyroid hormone indices in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1989 | 2567143 |
| clindamycin with primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | combined therapy with clindamycin and primaquine was used in twenty-eight episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 25 patients, of whom 17 had been unresponsive or intolerant to conventional treatment and 8 were being treated for the first time. the treatment was effective in all but two episodes, the main adverse reaction being a generalised maculopapular rash. | 1989 | 2566001 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by inhaled pentamidine. | the efficacy and toxicity of pentamidine inhaled once a month to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was investigated in 102 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc). the cohort was compared with historical controls after a mean duration of prophylaxis of 6.38 months. 86% and 15% of the patients had aids or arc, respectively. 50% of patients had had one previous episode of pcp, 9% had had two episodes, and 3% had had three. 11 patients ac ... | 1989 | 2564468 |
| exercise oximetry for early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2563133 | |
| early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | 1989 | 2563020 | |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by non-experts. | 1989 | 2562872 | |
| [adult respiratory distress produced by pneumocystis carinii in a patient without aids]. | a case of a patient receiving chemotherapy because of breast cancer who developed adult respiratory distress caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. the evolution was good after treatment with 20 mg/kg/day of trimethoprim and 100 mg/kg/day of sulfamethoxazole. | 1989 | 2562373 |
| outpatient diagnosis and treatment of aids-related pulmonary infections. | a large number and variety of organisms can infect the lungs of persons with aids. an abnormal chest x-ray associated with pulmonary symptoms should trigger a vigorous search for an infectious agent. in many cases, if the patient is ambulatory, the workup can proceed on an outpatient basis. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common infection and also one of the most readily treatable illnesses that these patients encounter. a careful and considered diagnostic approach is necessary to con ... | 1989 | 2558002 |
| three opportunistic infections associated with ectopic corticotropin syndrome. | cytomegalovirus pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis occurred simultaneously in a 66-year-old white man with oat cell carcinoma and ectopic corticotropin production. hypokalemia, a recent normal chest roentgenogram, and a large left adrenal mass on a computed tomographic scan confused the initial clinical evaluation. the aspergillosis proved fulminant and lethal. | 1989 | 2554832 |
| pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). all parts of the hospital system are expected to be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of hiv infected patients in the coming years. many different processes cause pulmonary disease alone or in combination. bilateral interstitial infiltrates are the most frequent chest x-ray abnormality and are most frequently caused by infection with pneumocystis carinii. c ... | 1989 | 2553341 |
| cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described. although well recognized as an ocular manifestation of aids in adults, only one case of the necrotic retinitis caused by cytomegalovirus has been described in a child with aids. intravenous treatment with ganciclovir resulted in substantial ocular improvement, despite the advanced nature of the disease in one eye in which there was also secondary neovascular glaucoma. home maintenance tr ... | 1989 | 2550878 |
| pituitary pathology in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pituitary morphology was studied in 49 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. direct infectious involvement was noted in six adenohypophyses (12%), including five cases by cytomegalovirus and one by pneumocystis carinii. two cases with neurohypophysial lesions presumably caused by cytomegalovirus and one questionable case of toxoplasma gondii were also observed. in all instances these changes were associated with generalized and/or cerebral infection by these same agents. ne ... | 1989 | 2549907 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary disease in human immunodeficiency virus infection: role of transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. | the value of transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage was assessed in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). seventy four transbronchial biopsy and 66 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens (60 paired specimens) from 80 examinations in 64 patients were reviewed. pneumocystis carinii was the most common pathogen isolated (43 patients). bronchoalveolar lavage was superior to transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of this pathogen, th ... | 1989 | 2549653 |
| cytomegalovirus the predominant cause of pneumonia in renal transplant patients. a two-year study of pneumonia in renal transplant recipients with evaluation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | the microbiological etiology of pneumonia in 34 renal transplant patients with clinical and x-ray evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease was studied. fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), transbronchial lung biopsy (tbb) and brushing was performed on 18 patients. laboratory evaluation included histological and cytological methods, cultures for bacteria, fungus and virus and immunofluorescence techniques for the detection of pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and ... | 1989 | 2547242 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage in liver transplant patients. | because immunosuppression is required to control rejection, liver allograft recipients are susceptible to a variety of opportunistic pathogens. a total of 191 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from 89 patients (53 adults and 36 children) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation was reviewed. one case each of cytomegalovirus (cmv), staphylococcal and enterobacter pneumonia was diagnosed with the aid of pretransplant bal. the pretransplant bal in 62 patients showed rare yeasts in 24.2%; ... | 1989 | 2546352 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis and multiple infections in aids]. | a 40-year old homosexual aids patient recovering from a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed a cryptococcus neoformans infection with involvement of the central nervous system (cns) which could be treated successfully with amphotericin b and flucytosine. after a symptom-free interval of 4 1/2 months, a new acute fatal disease of the cns did not reveal a cryptococcosis relapse but a necrotizing toxoplasma encephalitis, a cytomegalovirus infection and striking cultural findings of staphylococc ... | 1989 | 2545969 |
| pulmonary infection after cardiac transplantation: clinical and radiologic correlations. | forty-one episodes of radiographically demonstrated pulmonary infection developed in 35 (30%) of 118 cardiac transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. the most common pathogens were cytomegalovirus (cmv) (13 episodes), pneumocystis carinii (12 episodes), and aspergillus (five episodes). appearance of cmv infection on radiographs was generalized and hazy (n = 9) or limited to one lobe (n = 4). all episodes of p carinii pneumonia, including six combined with cmv infection, appeared diffusel ... | 1989 | 2544923 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin]. | four cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred among 38 renal transplant recipients. diagnosis was confirmed by cyst concentration technique in 2 cases. the other 2 cases were clinically, from the rapid improvement of fever, pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia following a therapeutic trial of high dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. all patients responded to treatment with high dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. three patients survived pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but i died due to aspe ... | 1989 | 2544088 |
| incidence, distribution, and outcome of episodes of infection in 100 orthotopic liver transplantations. | of 83 patients who underwent 100 orthotopic liver transplantations, 53 had a single transplant procedure and at least 6 months of follow-up. in this main study group of 53 patients, major infections developed in 28 (53%) (a mean of 1.8 major episodes per infected patient). of 51 major infections, 27 were bacterial, 19 were viral, 3 were protozoan, and 2 were fungal. of the 27 bacterial infections, 22 (81%) occurred in the first 2 months after transplantation. of the 40 bacterial isolates in the ... | 1989 | 2542701 |
| surface labeling of pneumocystis carinii from in vitro culture. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen of man, carried as a commensal in healthy subjects. it frequently causes a fatal pneumonia in the immunosuppressed host. it is a major complication of hiv-1 infection in man (aids). using surface radioiodination of rat-derived p. carinii trophozoites obtained from in vitro culture, a major surface glycoprotein (gp120) has been identified. the glycoprotein exhibits adherent behavior similar to that of the intact organism. purification of gp120 by ... | 1989 | 2540327 |
| ribosomal rna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2540326 | |
| diagnosis, treatment and outcome of pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 43 of 52 consecutive patients with opportunistic pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the 15 patients in whom a likely pathogen was not found by bronchoscopy (including the nine not having the procedure) were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) alone and all responded. in 11 of these a diagnosis of aids was confirmed because of an alternative opportunistic infection within 6 months. pcp was confirmed in 38 of the 52 pa ... | 1989 | 2540241 |
| [pulmonary changes in aids]. | we reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 28 patients with aids staged group iv according to cdc-criteria. among these, 19 had pulmonary disease: most of them (n = 17) had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). 12/17 patients with proven pcp displayed typical x-ray findings with diffuse perihilar interstitial infiltration sparing lung periphery. 3/17 had atypical features and 2 normal chest x-ray findings. these data are important to identify patients with pulmonary complications of aid ... | 1989 | 2538872 |
| elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) levels are elevated in sarcoidosis and have been used both to diagnose and to assess response to treatment of this disease. we report significantly (p less than .0005) elevated ace levels in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (49 +/- 14 u/l) compared with normal control subjects (32 +/- 11 u/l) tested within 48 hours of hospital admission. serum ace levels in smoking control subjects (33 +/- 11 u/l) were not significantly (alpha = .05) di ... | 1989 | 2538296 |
| diagnostic implications of ga-67 chest-scan patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. | consecutive gallium-67 scans (n = 237) of 180 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with suspected pulmonary infections were evaluated for intensity and pattern of gallium distribution. scan findings were correlated with the history, chest radiographic findings, and clinicopathologic diagnoses. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred significantly more often with heterogeneous diffuse uptake than with homogeneous diffuse uptake. heterogeneous diffuse uptake had an 87% positive ... | 1989 | 2536945 |
| diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after pulmonary irradiation for metastatic wilms' tumor. a report from the national wilms' tumor study. | to evaluate the frequency, etiology, and outcome of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after treatment of children with stage iv (favorable histologic type) wilms' tumor using whole-lung and abdominal radiation therapy, and combination chemotherapy, all cases reported in such patients entered on national wilms' tumor study 3 were reviewed. diffuse interstitial pneumonitis was reported in 13.0% of patients. the etiology was varicella, one patient; pneumocystis carinii, three patients; and unknown, ... | 1989 | 2536290 |
| recent developments in the therapy and management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | 1989 | 2535121 | |
| primary dapsone chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | during a 12-month period from august 1, 1986 to july 31, 1987, a study of primary chemoprophylaxis with dapsone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was undertaken in immunodeficient patients who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. one attack of p. carinii pneumonia occurred among 16 patients who received chemoprophylaxis immediately that a t-helper (cd4) lymphocyte count of less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l was recorded compared with 16 attacks in the historical control group of 46 similar ... | 1989 | 2528052 |
| characterization of de novo folate synthesis in pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii: potential for screening therapeutic agents. | drug therapy studies imply that pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii possess the enzymes necessary for de novo folate synthesis. to verify this, incorporation of [3h]paraaminobenzoic acid [( 3h]paba) into reduced folates by p. carinii and t. gondii was investigated. both organisms synthesized tritiated reduced folates. in p. carinii, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate, and in t. gondii, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate were the major synthesized folates. p. carinii remained metabolical ... | 1989 | 2527275 |
| successful prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in aids patients with previous allergic reactions. | thirty-four homosexual patients with aids were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia between april 1984 and november 1985. all 31 survivors were treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylaxis immediately upon completion of intravenous therapy, despite the prior occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous tmp-smx in 21 of these patients. only four patients had subsequent reactions to oral tmp-smx requiring the drug's discontinuation. none of the patients re ... | 1989 | 2526871 |
| from the centers for disease control. guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1989 | 2525628 | |
| guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the most common presenting manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), is a major and recurring cause of morbidity and mortality for persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in recent years, important advances have been made in understanding which patient subpopulations are at highest risk for developing pcp and in the design of chemotherapeutic regimens that can reduce the frequency of this illness. recently, a numbe ... | 1989 | 2524643 |
| predictors of outcome in aids patients receiving zidovudine. | fifty-eight aids patients who previously had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled in an open trial of zidovudine therapy. we analyzed baseline clinical and laboratory parameters to identify predictors of outcome. fifty-eight patients were followed for a mean of 26.5 weeks. there were 17 deaths; the probability of survival at 24 weeks was 0.81. forty-one participants had unsuccessful outcomes, which included new opportunistic infections (24), progressive neurologic deterioration (2) ... | 1989 | 2524583 |
| characterization and cloning of pneumocystis carinii nucleic acid. | large numbers of pneumocystis carinii (2 x 10(10) nuclei) were isolated and separated from the lungs of immunosuppressed rats by an enzymatic (collagenase, hyaluronidase and dnase) digestion procedure. the nucleic acid isolated from this p. carinii-enriched preparation was characterized by melting point analysis and rna-sizing gels. the gc content of p. carinii dna was approximately 33% while the rat dna was 41.4%. in addition, rna isolated from the p. carinii-enriched preparation showed unique ... | 1989 | 2523483 |
| effects of steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii on alveolar macrophages in the rat. | 1989 | 2523482 | |
| desensitization to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in three of eight patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, drug-related reactions occurred 9, 10, and 13 days after therapy. the symptom complex consisted of a maculopapular eruption, fever, eosinophilia, and leukopenia. oral desensitization with graded doses of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was successfully achieved in two of the three patients. | 1989 | 2522290 |
| [induced expectoration in the search for pneumocystis carinii in hiv seropositive patients. value and limitations]. | 1989 | 2521727 | |
| clinical experience with zidovudine for patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex. | we have treated 113 patients with zidovudine since its licensure, 80 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 33 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. this paper reports on the efficacy and toxicity observed in these patients. improved well-being, reduced frequency and severity of opportunist infections were notable in the first year of follow-up. more rapid improvement in pulmonary physiological tests during recovery from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was also observed in ... | 1989 | 2521663 |
| trimetrexate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2521370 | |
| the prevalence and management of pain in patients with aids: a review of 134 cases. | in light of the lack of any prior systematic evaluations of the prevalence and types of pain syndromes and treatments found in patients with aids, a chart review study was undertaken to evaluate this issue. fifty-two of 96 charts reviewed (54%) had at least one note on nonprocedural pain or analgesic prescription. although chest pain was the most prevalent pain location (22%), presumably because of the high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, other possible aids-related entities, such a ... | 1989 | 2520410 |
| [pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii: experimental design in rats]. | 1989 | 2519460 | |
| pneumocystis carinii is not a major cause of pneumonia in hiv infected patients in lusaka, zambia. | the clinical occurrence of pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in lusaka, zambia. the results were compared with a similar group of patients in stockholm, sweden. induced sputum samples were stained for pneumocystis by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody 3f6 and toluidine blue o. mycobacterial culture and acid fast stain were performed on ... | 1989 | 2515630 |
| the efficacy and toxicity of azidothymidine (azt) in the treatment of patients with aids and aids-related complex (arc): an open uncontrolled treatment study. | the efficacy and toxicity of oral azidothymidine has been studied in 145 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc). the median survival time of aids patients on azidothymidine was 4.5 times higher when compared to a historical aids group who had not received the drug. this result must be interpreted with caution because of changes in treatment of hiv infection and growing awareness of aids which may have led to earlier diagnosis in the group treate ... | 1989 | 2512592 |
| depletion of cd8+ cells in human thymic medulla results in selective immune deficiency. | cd8 molecules expressed on the surface of a subset of t cells participate in the selection of class i mhc antigen-restricted t cells in the thymus, and in mhc-restricted immune responses of mature class i mhc antigen-restricted t cells. here we describe an immune-deficient patient with lack of cd8+ peripheral blood cells. the patient presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and was unable to reject an allogeneic skin graft, but had normal primary and secondary antibody responses. examinatio ... | 1989 | 2511270 |
| [a case of adult t-cell leukemia with pulmonary cryptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a 66-year-old woman was admitted to the medical college hospital of oita on february 23, 1988, because of headache and fever. chest x-p and chest ct findings showed a coin lesion in r-s4. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the csf. abnormal lymphocytes with lobulated nuclei were found in 0-5% of peripheral leukocytes. the atla-antibody was positive and bone marrow smear showed normal myelogram. according to these data, we diagnosed the patient as smouldering adult t-cell leukemia accompan ... | 1989 | 2509595 |
| anticardiolipin antibodies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we undertook a prospective study of igg and igm anticardiolipin antibodies (acas) to determine their clinical significance in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). igg acas were found in 24 (92.3%) of 26 patients with aids who were hospitalized for pulmonary complaints (group 1) and in 13 (93%) of 14 patients with aids-related complex (group 2). in addition, 17 (94%) of 18 patients with aids (group 3) who had coagulation tests and were studied retrospectively had igg acas. the ... | 1989 | 2504122 |
| the radiographic appearances of infection and acute rejection of the lung after heart-lung transplantation. | thirty-two patients underwent combined heart and lung transplantation at papworth hospital between 1984 and 1987. the clinical and physiologic observations made at the time of episodes of infection and rejection together with the histopathology of lung tissue obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy were compared with pre- and postepisode chest radiographs. there were 45 episodes of rejection in 20 patients: 23 episodes during the first month after transplantation, and 22 after 1 month. twenty-six ... | 1989 | 2502057 |
| recovery of human immunodeficiency virus and detection of p24 antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from adult patients with aids. | published reports indicate that hiv is recovered from bal fluid of patients with aids who have lip but not with other aids-related pulmonary disease. our experience has been different. ten bal specimens from nine patients with aids were cultured directly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and all ten cultures were positive for hiv as indicated by examination of the culture supernatant by reverse transcriptase assay and enzyme immunoassay for hiv antigen. five of the specimens were also posit ... | 1989 | 2500312 |
| disseminated infection of pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | this report describes the histopathology of a disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a 24-year-old japanese male haemophiliac diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. he developed respiratory symptoms, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. on the 70th day of hospitalization the patient died. autopsy findings revealed pneumocystis carinii not only in the lungs but also in the stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, mesoappendix, abdomin ... | 1989 | 2499110 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | over a three-year period, 54 episodes of pneumonia were diagnosed in 45 adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these episodes were reviewed in order to assess the distribution of pathogens and their clinical presentation. thirty-six episodes were due to an opportunistic pathogen (pneumocystis carinii in 31, mycobacterium avium complex in 3, mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2), and 18 were caused by non-opportunistic pathogens (11 streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 haemophilus influen ... | 1989 | 2498092 |
| high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of eflornithine in serum. | eflornithine [2-(difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine monohydrochloride, monohydrate; dfmo] is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients unresponsive or intolerant to conventional drug therapy. a reversed-phase hplc method utilizing precolumn dansylation is described which permits the analysis of dfmo in serum of aids patients in support of pharmacokinetic studies. norvaline (2-amino valeric acid) was added as the internal standard and the s ... | 1989 | 2497239 |
| eflornithine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a preliminary review. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). eflornithine is an antiprotozoal agent active against p. carinii. it acts by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme that is essential for cellular function. the drug is initially administered intravenously, followed by oral therapy. eflornithine has been used on a compassionate basis in aids patients with pcp who were intolerant of or unresponsive to ... | 1989 | 2493638 |
| zidovudine treatment of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex: st stephen's hospital experience. | zidovudine was used in an open uncontrolled study for treatment of 145 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients, 102 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and 43 with symptomatic hiv disease (acquired immune deficiency syndrome related-complex, arc). the mean period of follow-up was 6 +/- 2.5 months. the median survival time of aids patients on zidovudine was 4.5 times longer when compared to a historical zidovudine untreated aids group (1657 vs. 370 days). this should be interprete ... | 1989 | 2492585 |
| [respiratory distress in an addict on parenteral drugs with tricuspid endocarditis due to staphylococcus aureus and with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a case of a female, intravenous (i.v.) drug user with respiratory distress syndrome as first manifestation 24 hours after admission, is presented. the clinical suspicion of tricuspid valve endocarditis associated to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia arose because this patient was a member of a high-risk aids group. an empiric treatment was applied and the diagnosis was made posterior to this. we comment on the unusual coincidence of both pathologic states, highlighting the early diagnosis and treat ... | 1989 | 2491492 |
| the expanding spectrum of pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1989 | 2491249 | |
| [an experimental study on prednisolone-induced interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii]. | this study was performed to observe the role of pneumocystis carinii as an etiologic agent of interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. total 90 male sprague-dawley rats, approximately 150-180 g, were used. fifteen of them were used as control group and remaining 75 (5 groups) were as immunosuppression groups; group 1 received prednisolone (25 mg/kg twice weekly) only; group 2 prednisolone and tetracycline (75 mk/kg/day); group 3 prednisolone, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaz ... | 1989 | 2486828 |
| limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with fk506. i. reversal of rejection and indefinite survival. | we have tested the effects of fk506 (fk), a new immunosuppressive agent, on a rat limb allograft model. histoincompatible bn limb allografts were rejected in untreated f344 hosts within 11 +/- 1 days (mean +/- sd) after operation. a single injection of 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg of fk on the day of limb transplantation (day 0) significantly prolonged graft survival in a dose-dependent manner--i.e., mean limb survival times (mst) based on gross signs of skin rejection were 16 +/- 3 days, 51 + ... | 1989 | 2479130 |
| evidence for shared epitopes between cardiolipin and pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2477468 | |
| pneumocystis carinii: taxing taxonomy. | the detailed taxonomy of pneumocystis carinii has not been decided. most experts agree that it is either a fungus or a protozoan. in favor of a fungal designation are the recent reports that 16s and 18s rrna sequences of p. carinii have greater homology to saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa than to selected protozoa. other studies show that sequences of the 18s and 26s rrna, microtubular ultrastructure, membrane fusion potential and dna content per cell resemble protozoa more than fu ... | 1989 | 2477272 |
| the use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detecting pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test has been developed using monoclonal antibodies specific for antigens on the surface of p carinii. we tested the sensitivity and specificity of this ifa test for detecting p carinii in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients with pulmonary symptoms undergoing bronchoscopy. both the bronchial wash and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of p ... | 1989 | 2476103 |
| cresyl violet: a rapid, simple, easily interpretable stain for detecting pneumocystis carinii in sputum. | over a three-month period at the pathology laboratory of jackson memorial hospital, 110 sputum samples from 62 hospitalized patients with suspected aids were examined for pneumocystis carinii. sputum specimens were either expectorated spontaneously (most patients) or expectorated after the inhalation of small amounts of nebulized normal saline. each sputum sample was cytocentrifuged onto two slides. one slide was stained with gomori methenamine-silver (gms) and the other with cresyl violet (cv). ... | 1989 | 2474858 |
| fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2473590 | |
| organization of microbiology laboratory services for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | when faced with the ever-increasing demand for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), as well as a variety of fungal, parasitic, and bacterial opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals, the chest service and the clinical microbiology laboratory at san francisco general hospital developed a coordinated plan for the collection and rapid examination of specimens to allow presumptive diagnoses to be made as quickly as possibl ... | 1989 | 2473507 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii in immunodeficient mice. | various procedures were utilized to determine the most sensitive, cost and labor effective techniques for detection of pneumocystis carinii in immunologically compromised mice. immunoperoxidase staining techniques that utilized polyclonal antibodies directed against purified rat or mouse p. carinii were more sensitive and specific than staining with gomori's methenamine silver. indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections was comparable to immunoperoxidase staining, but lacked fine ... | 1989 | 2470952 |
| pneumocystis carinii: sequence from ribosomal rna implies a close relationship with fungi. | pneumocystis carinii is the etiologic agent of a lethal pneumonia which occurs in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunocompromised hosts. the basic biochemical and genetic characteristics of p. carinii are poorly understood and its taxonomic classification as a protozoan is uncertain. to address the taxonomic question, a method was developed for the extraction of total rna from p. carinii. denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis showed the two ribosomal rna ... | 1989 | 2470612 |
| giemsa staining for cysts and trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii. | although giemsa staining has been routinely used for the detection of trophozoites and intracystic bodies in smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal) from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, it does not normally stain the cyst wall. for detection of the cysts other stains such as toluidine blue 'o' and methenamine silver must be used as well. sulphation of smears before staining with giemsa allows cysts to be visualised, thus enabling a single stain to be used to show all the stage ... | 1989 | 2469702 |
| in vitro differentiation of human-derived pneumocystis carinii. | two major impediments to the development of an in vitro cultivation system for pneumocystis carinii are lack of an accurate means of quantitation and difficulty in determination of viability over time. human-derived p. carinii exists as aggregates of cysts and trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. these aggregates persisted over time in an in vitro system consisting of a monolayer of radiated or nonradiated a549 cells, rpmi 1640, and 10% fetal calf serum. parallel measurements at specifi ... | 1989 | 2469697 |
| detection of surface carbohydrates of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2468769 | |
| dynamics of pneumocystis carinii-specific immune complexes in aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii-specific immune complexes were detected by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 53% of sera from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). resolution of glycoprotein antigenemia (50-55 kd = dominant species) appears to correlate with successful pcp drug therapy and recovery. an epitope map has been constructed from immunoblots of p. carinii hydrolysates and from human and murine serum containing p. carinii anti ... | 1989 | 2468768 |
| a culture method allowing production of relatively pure pneumocystis carinii trophozoites. | 1989 | 2468767 | |
| a method for isolation of rna from pneumocystis carinii. | total rna from pneumocystis carinii obtained directly from the rat lung and from short term culture on a549 cells was evaluated for size and purity. an isolation procedure using guanidine isothiocyanate and lithium chloride was preferable to a hot phenol method. host cells were eliminated by hypotonic lysis and a series of microfiltrations. pneumocystis carinii were pretreated with zymolyase for increased susceptibility to chaotropic agents. the major ribosomal species of p. carinii rna migrated ... | 1989 | 2468766 |
| foamy alveolar casts: diagnostic specificity for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major infectious complication of immunodeficiency states, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is a safe and effective procedure for making this diagnosis. in addition to the characteristic organisms, both histologic and cytologic material often reveals exudate in the form of foamy alveolar casts (facs). to test the diagnostic utility of facs in bal fluids, we compared 20 pcp-positive and 28 pcp-negative f ... | 1988 | 2468460 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of papanicolaou-stained bronchial specimens. | to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by papanicolaou-stained bronchial brushing and wash/lavage specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the cytologic preparations and clinical records from 58 immunocompromised patients were reviewed. bronchial brushings and wash/lavage specimens were examined using methenamine silver (grocott) and papanicolaou stains. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was recognized with papanicolaou stain by identify ... | 1988 | 2468459 |