Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [characterization of cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | in mexico cryptococosis ranks third in frequency among the mycoses ocurring as complications in aids patients. neither the prevalence of the two varieties of c. neoformans in these patients nor the morphological and physiological changes suffered by these strains in aids patients are known. a total of 60 isolates were obtained from patients with aids from the hospital de infectología, centro médico "la raza" imss. the identity of each isolate was established by: growth at 37 degrees c, colony an ... | 1995 | 8850346 |
| electrophoretic karyotype and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of cryptococcus neoformans isolates from aids patients. | electrophoretic karyotype (ek) was used to type 13 clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from eight aids patients. all of the isolates were also tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole, d0870, flucytosine, and amphotericin b by a broth macrodilution technique performed according to the national committee for clinical laboratory standards recommendations. although all strains were isolated from a limited geographic area, dna typing showed a wide genetic vari ... | 1995 | 8849653 |
| [studies on microtiter broth dilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid]. | minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) of amphotericin b (amph), fluconazole (fcz), miconazole (mcz), and flucytosine (5-fc) for five quality control (qc) strains, 135 candida isolates from blood and 9 of cryptococcus neoformans from the cerebrospinal fluid were determined by the microtiter broth dilution method. for fcz, mcz, and 5-fc, the mic endpoints were defined at the concentrations of 50% (ic50), 80% (ic80), and 80% (ic80) growth inhibition in comparison with the growth control respectiv ... | 1996 | 8847821 |
| equine cryptococcal endometritis and placentitis with neonatal cryptococcal pneumonia. | 1996 | 8844586 | |
| causes of chronic diarrhea in patients with aids in thailand: a prospective clinical and microbiological study. | a prospective study was designed to investigate the causes of chronic diarrhea in aids patients in thailand. forty-five patients from bamrasnaradura infectious diseases hospital were enrolled. extensive investigations included multiple stool examinations for ova and parasites, using the stool formalin-ether concentration method, stool culture, stool acid-fast bacilli (afb) stain, stool modified afb stain, esophagogastroduoscopy with duodenal aspirate and biopsy, and colonoscopy with biopsy. biop ... | 1996 | 8844474 |
| preclinical efficacy of a glucuronoxylomannan-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine of cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model. | the encapsulated yeast, cryptococcus neoformans, causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised humans, especially in aids patients. fatality and relapse rates remain quite high despite aggressive therapy. a conjugate vaccine composed of the cryptococcal capsular glucuronoxylomannan covalently coupled to tetanus toxoid (gxm-tt) was constructed and evaluated. the vaccine elicited high levels of capsular antibodies in mice by active and passive immunizations and conferred 70-80% ... | 1996 | 8843625 |
| anticryptococcal effect of amphotericin b is mediated through macrophage production of nitric oxide. | amphotericin b (amb) is a classical antifungal drug and one of the most effective antifungal drugs for the treatment of systemic fungal infection. it is also known to have various immunomodulating activities other than its direct antifungal effect. in the present study, we demonstrated that amb augmented gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-induced killing potentials of murine peritoneal macrophages against cryptococcus neoformans in a dose-dependent manner. this effect was strongly blocked by ng-monome ... | 1996 | 8843304 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole sch56592 against cryptococcus neoformans. | multiple isolates of cryptococcus neoformans were tested to compare the in vitro activity of a new triazole, sch56592, with those of amphotericin b, fluconazole, and itraconazole, mics of each drug were determined, and minimum fungicidal concentrations of sch56592 and amphotericin b were measured. mics of sch56592 were lower than those of amphotericin b and fluconazole but not those of itraconazole. minimum fungicidal concentrations of sch56592 were lower than those of amphotericin b. sch56592 i ... | 1996 | 8843302 |
| molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcosis. cryptococcal disease active surveillance group. | serial isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from 33 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cryptococcosis were analyzed to determine whether persistence might result from reinfection with a new cryptococcal strain or acquisition of antifungal resistance. isolates were subtyped by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee), electrophoretic karyotyping (ek), random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), and the cnre-1 dna probe, mics of amphotericin b, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine were de ... | 1996 | 8843221 |
| serum therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. | 1996 | 8842301 | |
| cryptococcus neoformans infection in france: epidemiologic features of and early prognostic parameters for 76 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we retrospectively carried out a descriptive and prognostic study of 76 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cryptococcosis diagnosed by a positive culture of cerebrospinal fluid (csf), blood, urine, or other body fluid or tissue. we focused on the 65 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. at diagnosis, the mean cd4 lymphocyte count was 46/mm3; 86% of patients had fever; 67%, headache; 37%, stiff neck; 29%, altered mentation or confusion; 20% cranial nerve deficiency; and 48%, oth ... | 1996 | 8842276 |
| identification of patients with acute aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis who can be effectively treated with fluconazole: the role of antifungal susceptibility testing. | no method currently exists to predict which patients with acute aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis can be effectively treated with fluconazole. the objective of this study was to determine the relationship of cryptococcal susceptibility to fluconazole, along with clinical variables, to the risk of treatment failure for patients with acute aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis. results of in vitro fluconazole susceptibility testing of cryptococcal isolates and data from two clinical trials ... | 1996 | 8838190 |
| cryptococcosis in hiv infection of man: an epidemiological and immunological indicator? | cryptococcosis is an epidemiological and immunological indicator due to the absence of cryptococcus neoformans as a saprophyte in immunocompetent humans and the advantage of specific c. neoformans culture. on this basis, a report is presented on the cd4 lymphocyte count of 36 aids patients suffering from cryptococcosis and other concomitant or missing opportunistic aids-defining infections. in 26 out of 36 patients, i.e. 72%, a cd4 lymphocyte count of < or = 50/microl (mean value 39.5%) was foun ... | 1996 | 8837378 |
| lung abscess in patients with aids. | we identified 31 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and lung abscess. all patients had advanced hiv disease, and the mean cd4 cell count was 17/mm3 (range, 2-50/mm3). twenty-two patients (71%) had previous opportunistic infections, and 24 (77%) had previous pulmonary infections. symptoms at the time of presentation included fever (90% of patients), cough (87%), dyspnea (35%), pleuritic chest pain (26%), and hemoptysis (10%). the microbiological etiology was established fo ... | 1996 | 8824970 |
| [primary pulmonary cryptococcosis with pleural effusion, and clinical studies of five cases]. | a 35-year-old man was admitted with fever and right-sided chest pain. a chest x-ray film showed an apple-sized mass shadow in the right lower lobe and minimal pleural effusion cryptococcus neoformans was identified by culture of the pleural effusion. transbronchial lung biopsy was done, and pulmonary cryptococcosis was diagnosed. the patient's condition improved after treatment with fluconazole and miconazole. two months after discharge he was readmitted with a massive ipsilateral pleural effusi ... | 1995 | 8821998 |
| treatment of experimental systemic mycoses with brl 49594a. | brl 49594a (brl) is a water soluble analogue of amphotericin b which has been developed as a polyene with efficacy similar to amphotericin b but with much reduced toxicity. brl was prepared in 5% glucose, and was used to treat mice experimentally infected with aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, or histoplasma capsulatum. in the models in which brl and amphotericin b were compared, brl was well tolerated but was less effective than a similar regimen of amphotericin b. however, the ab ... | 1995 | 8821599 |
| yeast infections. | yeasts are unicellular fungi that reproduce by the process of budding in which daughter cells are produced from parents by outpouching of the cell membrane and wall, migration of cytoplasm into the new structure thus formed, and then separation from the parent cell. yeasts that are pathogenic in humans range in size from 2 to 12 microns in diameter; most, therefore, can be engulfed by phagocytic cells. these pathogens include many of the best known of pathogenic fungi, such as the candida specie ... | 1996 | 8821164 |
| comparison of isolator 1.5 and bactec nr660 aerobic 6a blood culture systems for detection of fungemia in children. | the isolator 1.5 microbial system (iso 1.5) (wampole laboratories, cranbury, n.j.) was compared with the bactec nr660 aerobic nr6a bottle (nr6a) (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, sparks, md.) for the detection of fungemia in hospitalized pediatric patients. for 4,825 paired blood cultures evaluated retrospectively from april 1992 to december 1994, at least one blood culture system was positive for 89 clinically important fungal isolates involved in 36 episodes of fungemia in 34 pa ... | 1996 | 8818873 |
| intravascular granuloma induced by intravenous inoculation of cryptococcus neoformans. | in rodents an intravenous administration of viable cryptococcus (c.) neoformans cells frequently resulted in attachment of intravascular cryptococcal granulomas to inner walls of the large to medium-sized veins of various organs, including the lungs, liver and spleen. in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of granulomatous changes, the cells composing the intravascular granulomas were observed by electron microscopic peroxidase (po) cytochemistry. the granuloma composing cells could be divided i ... | 1996 | 8817933 |
| adjunctive immunologic therapy for cryptococcus neoformans infections. | 1996 | 8816173 | |
| polysaccharide antigen in brain tissue of aids patients with cryptococcal meningitis. | 1996 | 8816161 | |
| individual and environmental factors associated with infection due to cryptococcus neoformans serotype d. french cryptococcosis study group. | differences between the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans with regard to geographic distribution, epidemiology, and even pathogenicity have been described. none between c. neoformans variety neoformans serotypes a and d have been reported. we reviewed 452 cases of cryptococcosis diagnosed in france, where serotype d is responsible for 21% of the infections. univariate analysis showed that the frequency of serotype d infections was significantly higher among patients > 60 years of age, tho ... | 1996 | 8816135 |
| epidemiology of cryptococcosis in france: a 9-year survey (1985-1993). french cryptococcosis study group. | we analyzed the data collected during a nationwide survey of cryptococcosis (1985-1993). we first checked the quality of the survey. the stability of its completeness (approximately 50%) and its representativity were assessed by the capture-recapture method after we cross-checked our data on cryptococcosis (as a presenting manifestation of aids) against those of the national registry of aids. of the 1,057 cases of cryptococcosis (1,013 patients), 827 (86%) involved patients with aids. the increa ... | 1996 | 8816134 |
| molecular subtype distribution of cryptococcus neoformans in four areas of the united states. cryptococcal disease active surveillance group. | to improve understanding of the epidemiology of cryptococcal disease, we analyzed the multilocus genotype distribution of 358 cryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained from 251 patients through active surveillance in four u.s. geographic areas from 1992 through 1994. isolates of the predominant enzyme electrophoretic type (et), et-1, were recovered in significantly greater proportion from atlanta, ga., houston, tex., and all major metropolitan areas of alabama than from san francisco, calif. et- ... | 1996 | 8815107 |
| interlaboratory evaluation of etest method for testing antifungal susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts to five antifungal agents by using casitone agar and solidified rpmi 1640 medium with 2% glucose. | an interlaboratory evaluation (two centers) of the etest method was conducted for testing the antifungal susceptibilities of yeasts. the mics of amphotericin b, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were determined for 83 isolates of candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans, and torulopsis glabrata. two buffered (phosphate buffer) culture media were evaluated: solidified rpmi 1640 medium with 2% glucose and casitone agar. mic endpoints were determined after both 24 and 48 h of in ... | 1996 | 8815095 |
| [a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with cryptococcemia and cryptococcal meningitis]. | a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) developed cryptococcosis which was successfully treated with amphotericin b (amph) and fluconazole (flcz) is reported. a 52-year-old man was admitted because of pyrexia and oral candidiasis. he had a history of multiple sexual exposures to persons at risk for aids in thailand. on admission, serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 were positive on both eia and western blot analysis for anti-hiv-1 antibody. furthermore, test for ... | 1996 | 8810552 |
| structural and phylogenetic analysis of the actin gene from the yeast phaffia rhodozyma. | the gene coding for actin from phaffia rhodozyma was cloned and sequenced. the phaffia actin gene contains four intervening sequences and the predicted protein consists of 375 amino acids. the structural features of the phaffia actin introns were studied and compared with actin introns from seven fungi and yeasts with ascomycetous and basidiomycetous affinity. it was shown that the architecture of the phaffia introns most resembles that of the basidiomycete filobasidiella neoformans (perfect sta ... | 1996 | 8810038 |
| generation of biologically active anti-cryptococcus neoformans igg, ige and iga isotype switch variant antibodies by acridine orange mutagenesis. | administration of moabs to cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) can alter the course of infection in mouse models. however, the effectiveness of these antibodies appears to depend on isotype and specificity. comparison of isotype protection efficacy requires families of moabs with identical fine specificity and different constant region domain. the generation of such families by hybridoma technology is not always possible because the immune response produces moabs of limite ... | 1996 | 8809131 |
| slow-binding inhibition of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by zinc ion. | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.44) has been purified from cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast that is an opportunistic pathogen of aids patients. the dimeric enzyme had a subunit molecular weight of 50,000, a specific activity of 50 units mg-1, and km values of 13 microm for 6-phosphogluconate and 0.89 microm for nadp. this enzyme, like many fungal dehydrogenases, was inhibited by zn2+, with the inhibition pattern being competitive versus the nonnucleotide substrate. in th ... | 1996 | 8809071 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of pistacia lentiscus l. extracts: preliminary report. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pistacia lentiscus l. extracts was determined. pistacia lentiscus l. extracts were tested on bacteria (sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli) and fungi (candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, torulopsis glabrata and cryptococcus neoformans). of the different plant extractions, decoctions showed the best antibacterial activity, but the activity against fungal cells appears to be much more interesting. | 1996 | 8808717 |
| amphotericin b resistant isolates of cryptococcus neoformans without alteration in sterol biosynthesis. | amphotericin b resistant mutants of cryptococcus neoformans were isolated accumulating mainly ergosterol. cross-resistance to azole antifungals was not observed. together with previous data this indicates that at least three categories of amphotericin b resistance can arise: sterol mutants, amphotericin b and azole cross-resistant mutants and amphotericin b resistant mutants with no azole cross-resistance. | 1996 | 8803806 |
| serum antibody response to active infection with cryptococcus neoformans and its varieties in immunocompetent subjects. | using a class-specific enzyme immunoassay igg and iga anticryptococcal antibody was measured in 400 serum specimens at 1 week to 11.7 years after diagnosis from 43 immunocompetent subjects with confirmed active cryptococcosis. the prevalence of igg was 86% at diagnosis, rose to 100% by 2 weeks and remained high thereafter. iga prevalence was 71% at diagnosis, rose to 75% at 2 weeks and then fell over 2 years. igg and iga prevalence in paediatric controls was 5% and 0%, respectively. mean antibod ... | 1996 | 8803799 |
| clinical and serologic evaluation of cats with cryptococcosis. | to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and serologic changes in cryptococcal antigen and antibody titers in cats with confirmed cryptococcus neoformans infection. | 1996 | 8800258 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of piper angustifolium. | the essential oil for piper angustifolium lam. was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms) technique. camphor and camphene were the main constituents. this oil exhibited bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities against trichophyton mentagrophytes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and escherichia coli. | 1996 | 8792674 |
| serotyping of cryptococcus neoformans by dot enzyme assay. | a method is described for the serotyping of cryptococcus neoformans based on direct analysis of culture supernatants for the major type-specific capsular antigen, glucuronoxylomannan. factor sera prepared by absorption of polyclonal rabbit antisera (iatron laboratories, inc., tokyo, japan) or selected anti-c. neoformans monoclonal antibodies were used in a dot enzyme assay to detect the presence of antigen. | 1996 | 8789042 |
| bone marrow cryptococcosis in an aids hemophiliac (morphological aspect in routine hematology) | 1995 | 8787283 | |
| universal fungus-specific primer systems and group-specific hybridization oligonucleotides for 18s rdna. | we designed two primer systems that amplify a fragment of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit (18s rrna). a broadly reactive, yet fungus-specific, primer cocktail comprises two previously published primers, tr1 and tr2, which specifically amplify dermatophytes, and two newly designed primers, ca1 and af2, which specifically amplify candida and aspergillus respectively. this primer cocktail amplifies a dna fragment of approximately 578 basepairs (bp) in length (from position 838 to 14 ... | 1996 | 8786753 |
| persistence, replacement, and microevolution of cryptococcus neoformans strains in recurrent meningitis in aids patients. | six separate human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis were each found to have been infected with a unique strain of cryptococcus neoformans on the basis of genomic dna finger-printing analysis with the microsatellite sequence-containing oligonucleotide probe (ggat)4 and by random amplification of polymorphic dna. two patients (a and b) experienced a recurrent episode of infection. between 12 and 16 single-colony isolates recovered from primary isolation media ( ... | 1996 | 8784580 |
| phagocytosis and growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans by human alveolar macrophages: effects of hiv-1 infection. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro processing of cryptococcus neoformans by human alveolar macrophages from hiv-seropositive individuals compared with hiv-seronegative individuals. | 1996 | 8780815 |
| clinical and laboratory features of cryptococcal meningitis in hiv-aids patients. | 1995 | 8773019 | |
| production of agglutinating monoclonal antibody against antigen 8 specific for cryptococcus neoformans serotype d. | a hybridoma (clone crnd-8) that produced agglutinating monoclonal antibody (mab) against cryptococcus neoformans serotype d was established by using a soluble capsular polysaccharide-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate for immunization. the isotype was immunoglobulin m(kappa). specificity was determined by cell slide agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in both tests, the mab reacted to serotypes d and a-d but not to serotypes a, b, and c. furthermore, the specificity of ... | 1996 | 8770510 |
| [aids-related cryptococcal meningitis at the bobo-dioulasso hospital center: five case reports]. | the authors report five cases of cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in hiv-positive patients hospitalized in the souro sanou national hospital center of bobo-dioulasso (burkina faso). there were 3 men and 2 women with a mean age of 36 years (range: 29 to 47 years). presenting symptoms were persistent headache and/or mental confusion and neurosensory defects. cerebrospinal fluid was clear with less than 20 lymphocytes/mm3. albumin concentration greater than 0.50 g/l was observed in only one case. ... | 1996 | 8767796 |
| [studies on the ecological behavior of cryptococcus neoformans]. | tenacity studies of cryptococcus neoformans in bird droppings originated from different ornamental birds and chickens showed that there is less chance for this fungus species to survive in non-sterile or bacteria-free droppings of large parakeets and chickens in comparison with droppings of small parakeets. survival rates of cr. neoformans in buffer solutions with ph-values ranging from 8.5-9.5 allow to conclude that this species is not alkali-sensitive. therefore, the increase of ph is not rega ... | 1996 | 8767282 |
| [lethal meningeal encephalitis from cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in a girl without serious immunodeficiency]. | case report on a lethal meningo-encephalitis due to cryptococcus neoformans in a 14-year-old girl without serious immunodeficiency inclusive hiv-infection. the detection of high quantities of cells of cryptococcus neoformans (about 10,000/ml) and high levels of cryptococcus antigen (up to 1:2048) in the cerebrospinal fluid are remarkable. the patient was treated with a triple combination of amphotericin b, flucytosine and fluconazole. after 18 days the cerebrospinal fluid was sterile. neverthele ... | 1996 | 8767279 |
| [osteomyelitis from cryptococcus neoformans]. | a forty-three-year old patient suspected of having a bone tumor in his left femur, was submitted to the hospital. however, osteomyelitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans has been demonstrated by culture. the history of the patient revealed a long-term therapy with corticosteroids due to sarcoidosis. the osteomyelitis was treated with fluconazole (200 mg daily p.o.) for three months. under this therapy the infection resolved. | 1996 | 8767278 |
| [are there pathogenicity factors in fungi?]. | since many years so-called pathogenicity or virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria have been studied intensively. whereas these factors are produced especially by obligate but also facultative pathogenic bacteria, their presence and function in pathogenic fungi is still a matter of debate. in this minireview we summarize some data about possible pathogenicity factors of cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. the production of adhesins, proteases and capsules contr ... | 1996 | 8767271 |
| effects of aspergillus sulphureus mycotoxins on cryptococcus neoformans. | many studies have evaluated the toxicity of mycotoxins to mammals, but there is little information on their action against fungal cells, even although mycotoxins are frequently active against fungi in nature. a crude extract of aspergillus sulphureus was tested for its growth-inhibitory effect on cryptococcus neoformans. the reduction in cell growth of cr. neoformans caused by the extract was dose dependent. using a liquid medium containing 2% a. sulphureus extract, the rna content of cryptococc ... | 1996 | 8767007 |
| effect of the laccase gene cnlac1, on virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | to assess the relationship between melanin production by cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is cnlac1, the laccase structural gene of c. neoformans, expressed in vivo?; (b) can mouse virulence be restored to cnlac1 (mel-) mutants by complementation with cnlac1?; and (c) will targeted gene deletion of cnlac1 decrease virulence for mice? melanin is produced when cryptococcal laccase catalyzes the oxidation of certain aromatic compounds, including l-dopa, to q ... | 1996 | 8760791 |
| peptide libraries define the fine specificity of anti-polysaccharide antibodies to cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungus that causes a life-threatening meningoencephalitis in patients with aids. monoclonal antibodies to the capsular glucuronoxylomannan can modulate the infection in mice, but the epitopes on this complex polysaccharide recognized by protective and non-protective antibodies have not been defined. we have used 2h1, one of our most protective antibodies, to screen phage display peptide libraries for peptide mimotopes that would allow us to explore the ... | 1996 | 8760499 |
| pathology of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: analysis of 27 patients with pathogenetic implications. | in this autopsy series of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (cme), the authors analyzed neuropathologic lesions in 13 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and 14 non-hiv-related cases. most non-hiv patients did not have immunosuppressive predisposing illness. analysis of pathological findings revealed significant differences in the inflammatory response to cme in patients with and without hiv infection. none of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients had granulomatous inflammation, w ... | 1996 | 8760020 |
| a new norcembranoid dimer from the red sea soft coral sinularia gardineri. | a study of sinularia gardineri (pratt) (alcyoniidae), collected in the red sea, revealed a new heptacyclic norcembranoid dimer singardin (1). the structure of singardin was deduced by spectroscopic analysis. a known sesquiterpene, guaianediol (2), and the known cembranolides (1r,5s,8r,10s,11r)-11-hydroxy-1-isoprenyl-8-methyl-3,6-dioxo -5,8-epoxycyclotetradec-12-ene 10,12-carbolactone (5-epi-sinuleptolide) and sinuleptolide were also isolated. compounds 1 and 2 show cytotoxicity to murine leukemi ... | 1996 | 8759167 |
| predictors of outcome in cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis. | in papua new guinea, cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis has a high fatality rate even in immunocompetent patients. our retrospective study attempted to identify marker of poor prognosis. of 88 immunocompetent patients, 30 (34.1%) died, usually soon after admission, and mortality was higher in men (p = 0.025) and older patients (p = 0.039). death was associated with altered consciousness (p < 0.001), a history of convulsions prior to treatment (p = 0.002) and a maximum systolic blood ... | 1996 | 8758045 |
| distinct characteristics of initiation of the classical and alternative complement pathways by candida albicans. | candida albicans is a potent activator of the complement system. the objective of this study was to characterize factors that influence the kinetics for activation of c3 and binding of c3 fragments to c. albicans. factors that were examined included the surface properties of the yeast and contributions of the classical and alternative complement pathways. the results showed that incubation of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or germinating yeast cells in normal human serum (nhs) containing radiolabeled ... | 1996 | 8757876 |
| capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans induces proinflammatory cytokine release by human neutrophils. | human polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal subjects produced proinflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation with cryptococcus neoformans yeast cells. the cytokines released after stimulation of neutrophils included interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), il-6, il-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. the magnitude of the cytokine response was related to the yeast capsule size. cells of a large-capsule isolate stimulated release of greater amounts of cytokine than did a thinly encapsulated isolate, ... | 1996 | 8757810 |
| [pleural empyema caused by cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with liver cirrhosis]. | gram negative infections, particularly by e. coli, are usually observed in cirrhotic patients while infections by cryptococcus neoformans are commonly found in immunosuppressed patients. the case of a cirrhotic patient with hepatitis c virus infection who developed pleural infection by c. neoformans is presented. no disease other than cirrhosis was observed in the patient. the treatment with oral fluconazole was initiated with good clinical response and infection cure. the efficacy of fluconazol ... | 1996 | 8754417 |
| identification of a cryptococcus neoformans gene that directs expression of the cryptic saccharomyces cerevisiae mannitol dehydrogenase gene. | the mtl gene from cryptococcus neoformans, which confers the ability of saccharomyces cerevisiae sc4l yjo to grow on mannitol with substantial nad-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase activity, was identified. purifications and characterizations of this enzyme show that it is found in polyploid strain bb1, and the peptide sequence of the enzyme helped identify the saccharomyces gene encoding this mannitol dehydrogenase activity. on the other hand, the mtl gene of c. neoformans encodes a 346-amino-ac ... | 1996 | 8752346 |
| opsonization of cryptococcus neoformans by human anticryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antibodies. | cryptococcal meningitis occurs in 6 to 8% of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. despite the availability of powerful antifungal agents that are active against cryptococcus neoformans, these drugs generally fail to cure cryptococcal infections in immunocompromised hosts. alternative approaches to prevention and therapy of cryptococcosis are urgently needed. complement promotes phagocytosis of c. neoformans, but human antibodies to cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide have not been ... | 1996 | 8751883 |
| study of the role of iron in the anticryptococcal activity of human serum and fluconazole. | anticryptococcal activity of human serum and apotransferrin in rpmi 1640 was studied in vitro. the effects of varying concentrations of fecl3 on this activity was investigated. possible synergy of serum and apotransferrin with fluconazole was also measured. the fungistatic activity of human serum, whether lyophilized, stored at 4 degrees c, fresh frozen or purchased from commercial sources vs. cryptococcus neoformans was comparable. there was no significant loss of fungistatic activity after fre ... | 1996 | 8751825 |
| cryptococcosis as an opportunistic infection in immunodeficiency secondary to paracoccidioidomycosis. | we describe the case reports of two patients with immunodeficiency secondary to paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and opportunistic cryptococcus neoformans infections. secondary immunodeficiency likely occurred as a consequence of the intestinal loss of proteins and lymphocytes associated with malabsorption syndrome due to obstructed lymphatic drainage. both patients had had severe abdominal involvement during the acute pcm disease. immunological evaluation showed cellular and humoral immunity impair ... | 1996 | 8751824 |
| isolation of a nutritionally aberrant strain of cryptococcus neoformans from a patient with aids. | 1995 | 8749650 | |
| cryptococcus neoformans myositis in a patient with aids. | 1995 | 8749648 | |
| serum therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. | three patients were treated with combined amphotericin b and rabbit anticryptococcal antibody in the 1960s. rabbit antibody was administered intravenously and was well tolerated. for each patient, administration of rabbit antibody resulted in the appearance of serum cryptococcus neoformans agglutinins. for two patients the administration of rabbit antibody resulted in negative serum latex tests for cryptococcal antigen. this limited experience with adjunctive antibody therapy provides valuable p ... | 1995 | 8749638 |
| d-mannitol in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aids and cryptococcal meningitis. | cryptococcal meningitis (cm) is associated with raised intracranial pressure which is linked with serious neurological sequelae. cryptococcus neoformans produces d-mannitol in vitro and in experimental meningitis in rabbits. mannitol present in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of cm patients could exacerbate raised intracranial pressure and contribute to neurological damage. to link csf mannitol to cryptococcal infection, levels of mannitol in the csf of aids patients with cm were measured by gas-l ... | 1996 | 8748311 |
| fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. | invasive fungal infections occur in 5% to 45% of solid organ transplant recipients, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised population. the net depression of host defenses and environmental factors, such as preoperative exposures to endemic mycoses or nosocomial and specific surgery-associated exposures, affect the development of invasive infection. most fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients occur within the first 2 months after transplantation. ... | 1995 | 8747778 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans in aids. | a patient with aids was found to have skin lesions which contained the organisms pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans. both organisms were identified using haematoxylin and eosin, gomori methenamine silver, giemsa and mucicarmine stains. electron microscopy was performed and confirmed their presence. the clinical presentation, histopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous p. carinii and c. neoformans in aids is presented. | 1996 | 8745906 |
| hypereosinophilia in disseminated cryptococcal disease. | 1995 | 8745027 | |
| karyotype instability in cryptococcus neoformans infection. | the electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental cryptococcus neoformans isolates from new york city were studied by contour clamped homogeneous electrophoresis. there was extensive variation among the electrophoretic karyotypes of isolates from different patients. sequential c. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. however, minor differences in electrophoretic karyotypes were detected among sequential isolates from 50 ... | 1996 | 8735111 |
| natural habitat of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees. | cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was repeatedly isolated from decaying wood forming hollows in living trees growing in urban areas of rio de janeiro, brazil. a new natural habitat for c. neoformans var. neoformans has been found that is not associated with specific trees. | 1996 | 8732358 |
| expression of pz-peptidases by cultures of several pathogenic fungi. purification and characterization of a collagenase from trichophyton schoenleinii. | peptidolytic activity was studied in the broken-cell extracts of 17 isolates of pathogenic fungi tested with phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-pro-leu-gly-pro-arg (pz-plgpa) as a substrate. all the fungi studied except candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans and two actinomycetes hydrolyzed the substrate and therefore contained a so-called pz-peptidase activity. of all the positive strains, trichophyton schoenleinii, a pathogenic fungus showed the highest activity and was therefore chosen as a source for ... | 1996 | 8732352 |
| contribution of interferon-gamma in protecting mice during pulmonary and disseminated infection with cryptococcus neoformans. | in the present study, the role of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in the host resistance against cryptococcus neoformans was examined using a murine model of pulmonary and disseminated infection. in this model, mice were infected intratracheally with live yeast cells, and the histological changes in the lungs and the number of microorganisms in the lung and brain were compared in mice treated and untreated with anti-ifn-gamma monoclonal antibody (mab) to define the contribution of endogenously synt ... | 1996 | 8731020 |
| meningitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and var. neoformans in papua new guinea. | eleven cases of cryptococcal meningitis were diagnosed and biotyped from september 1991 to august 1992 in papua new guinea (png). seven isolates were cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from paediatric and adult patients, one with diabetes mellitus and 4 were c. neoformans var. neoformans from adults, of whom 2 had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, and one each had tuberculosis and plasmodium vivax malaria. significant clinical findings were headache, fever, meningism, vomit ... | 1996 | 8730314 |
| [adenosine deaminase in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | the adenosine-deaminase (ada) activity was evaluated in csf samples from 263 patients with aids. an elevated ada activity in csf was found in patients with: antibodies to toxoplasmosis, syphilis or cytomegalovirus; cryptococcus neoformans or their antigens; tuberculous meningitis; lymphoma. there was no statistical difference among all these groups in respect to ada activity. however, the ada activity in csf from aids patients without csf changes other than hiv antibodies, even unspecific change ... | 1995 | 8729768 |
| interferon gamma increases survival in murine experimental cryptococcosis. | systemic disease by cryptococcus neoformans (c. neoformans) is a common opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients. cellular immunity seems to be the most important determinant of resistance. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of recombinant rat interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in murine cryptococcosis (balb/c mice infected by ip route with the rivas strain of c. neoformans), evaluating survival time, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the organs, and massive seeding of ... | 1995 | 8729748 |
| detection of cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide antigen in asymptomatic hiv-infected patients. | serum samples from 242 hiv-positive persons were studied for the detection of capsular polysaccharide antigen of cryptococcus neoformans; 193 of these patients presented less than 300 cd4+ cells/microliters of blood and 49 patients had more than 300 cd4+ cells/microliters. none of them had symptoms or signs characteristic of cryptococcosis. the capsular antigen of c. neofarmans was detected by latex agglutination technique with pronase pretreatment (immy, crypto-latex antigen detection system, i ... | 1995 | 8729747 |
| unusual presentation of cryptococcosis in a patient with aids. | 1996 | 8729210 | |
| multicenter evaluation of broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of cryptococcus neoformans against fluconazole. | we have developed a microdilution method for measuring the susceptibility of cryptococcus neoformans to fluconazole. the present study evaluated the interlaboratory agreement of the results for the microdilution method obtained at three different sites and compared this method with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-p reference method. excellent interlaboratory agreement among the results obtained at the three sites was achieved with this method (83 and 96% agreement wi ... | 1996 | 8727919 |
| natural environmental sources of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | we sought evidence for new environmental sources of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of isolates from 29 animals with a restricted territorial range in five australian states. twenty-three of the 29 isolates and 45 of 45 eucalypt isolates tested previously exhibited one rapd profile, vgi. rapd profile vgii was identified in 6 of 17 isolates from domesticated species but in none of 12 native species. four vgii isolates originated from ... | 1996 | 8727913 |
| concordance of clinical and environmental isolates of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii by random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis and pcr fingerprinting. | sixty-one clinical and forty-nine environmental isolates of cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from australia and the united states were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), using 12- to 22-mer primers in pairs, and/or pcr fingerprinting with a single primer derived from the microsatellite core sequence of the wild-type phage m13 (5' gagggtggcggttct 3'). three major genetic profiles were identified by both typing techniques. a single rapd profile (vgi) predominated among ... | 1996 | 8727912 |
| ability of rapid yeast plus system to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours. | the rapid yeast plus system (innovative diagnostic systems, norcross, ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important yeasts. the ability of the rapid yeast plus system to accurately identify 304 clinical yeast isolates within 5 h was evaluated. the rapid yeast plus method correctly identified 286 (94.1%) of strains to the species level without the need for additional tests. a further 12 strains (3.9%) were classif ... | 1996 | 8727877 |
| effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone in combination with amphotericin b in experimental murine cerebral cryptococcosis: evidence of neuroexcitatory pathogenic mechanisms. | in a murine model of intracerebral infection by cryptococcus neoformans the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone were studied alone and in combination with amphotericin b. assessed parameters were mean survival time, brain histopathology index, amounts of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain, and yeast cfu per brain. survival increased significantly in mice treated with dexamethasone, amphotericin b, amphotericin b plus dexamethasone, and amphotericin b plus pento ... | 1996 | 8723465 |
| morphologic features and clinical significance of skin involvement in patients with aids-related cryptococcosis. | eight out of 30 consecutive patients with aids and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (26,7%) presented cutaneous involvement, in the form of papulo-nodular lesions in 3 patients, molluscum contagiosum-like lesions in 3 patients, and pustular-ulcerative lesions in 2 patients. skin localization represented an untoward prognostic sign, and in 3 out of 8 patients the lesions were diagnosed 2 to 6 weeks before the onset of systemic and neurologic signs and symptoms of the disease. a systematical exami ... | 1996 | 8721500 |
| itraconazole and flucytosine+itraconazole combination in the treatment of experimental cryptococcosis in hamsters. | the efficacy of two different daily doses of itraconazole (itra) and the combination of flucytosine (5-fc) with itra in the treatment of an experimental model of cryptococcosis in hamsters was studied. five groups of 20 animals each were inoculated by the intracardiac route with 10(5) cells of cryptococcus neoformans. treatment started 3 days after the infection, and was administered by gavage for 30 days. itra was applied at a daily dose of 25 mg kg-1 or 50 mg kg-1 and the combination of 5-fc a ... | 1995 | 8720194 |
| [primary cutaneous cryptococcosis and bacterial pneumonia caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in aids: clinical case and review of the literature]. | clinically symptomatic infection due to cryptococcus neoformans is found in 5-10% of patients with aids. it usually appears as meningitis with or without associated blood stream infection. in the last years, severe pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in hiv (+) patients, with a high morbidity and mortality, are increasingly reported. | 1996 | 8714157 |
| antifungal susceptibility testing using the e test: comparison with the broth macrodilution technique. | the national committee for clinical laboratory standards reference broth macrodilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing was compared with the e test by testing 86 clinical isolates of candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans. the mic agreement rates for the two methods for candida spp. were 73-89% within +/-1 doubling dilution and 87-100% within +/-2 dilutions. for c. neoformans, agreement within +/-1 dilution was > 70% for all the agents tested except fluconazole for which agreement ... | 1996 | 8707736 |
| antifungal and molluscicidal saponins from serjania salzmanniana. | an investigation of serjania salzmanniana for biologically active substances has led to the isolation of two novel saponins, salzmannianoside a (3-o-[[beta-d- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-l- arabinopyranosyl] gypsogenin) [3] and salzmannianoside b (3-o-[[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-l- arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)] -alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin) (4). two known saponins, pulsatilla saponin d (3-o-[[beta-d- glucopyran ... | 1996 | 8699187 |
| purified capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans induces interleukin-10 secretion by human monocytes. | in this study, we demonstrated that purified capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans is a potent inducer of interleukin-10 (il-10) secretion by human monocytes. endogenous il-10 was involved in regulating tumor necrosis factor alpha and il-1beta secretion by human monocytes in response to encapsulated c. neoformans strains. our results suggest a new immunosuppressive effect exerted by glucuronoxylomannan through the induction of il-10, a potent downregulator of proinflammatory cytokin ... | 1996 | 8698522 |
| melanin, melanin "ghosts," and melanin composition in cryptococcus neoformans. | melanin synthesis is associated with virulence for the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. exposure of nonmelanized c. neoformans 4067 cells to 4 m guanidinium isothiocyanate followed by 6 m hcl at 100 degrees c resulted in complete solubilization of cellular structures. however, exposure of melanized c. neoformans 24067 to the same conditions produced a suspension of black particles. analysis of black particles with transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed cell "ghosts" wit ... | 1996 | 8698461 |
| cutaneous cryptococcosis in corticosteroid-treated patients without aids. | two corticosteroid-treated patients with cutaneous cryptococcal infection are described. one patient had pustulous lesions on the back of his left hand and cellulitis of his left forearm, the other patient had ulcerous lesions of the right forearm and cellulitis of the right lower leg. in both cases diagnosis was suggested by histopathological examination of a biopsy and confirmed by culture. one patient may have had disseminated cryptococcal disease as suggested by a positive cryptococcal capsu ... | 1996 | 8693868 |
| dimorphism and haploid fruiting in cryptococcus neoformans: association with the alpha-mating type. | cryptococcus neoformans is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in aids and other immunosuppressed patients. we have shown that wild-type haploid c. neoformans can develop an extensive hyphal phase under appropriate conditions. hyphae produced under these conditions are monokaryotic, possess unfused clamp connections, and develop basidia with viable basidiospores. the ability to undergo this transition is determined by the presence of the alpha-mating type locus and is independent of serotype. ... | 1996 | 8692992 |
| [cryptococcal whitlow in a hiv positive patient]. | cutaneous cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease; it is commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. | 1995 | 8687055 |
| deactivation of macrophage oxidative burst in vitro by different strains of histoplasma capsulatum. | it was previously reported that histoplasma capsulatum (hc) yeast not only failed to stimulate a murine macrophage oxidative burst (ob), but they also blunted or abolished ob stimulation by a subsequent encounter with potent stimuli such as zymosan or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). the present studies show that macrophage deactivation is proportional to the time of incubation and the dose of hc yeast that induce the deactivated state. hc yeast derived from a virulent strain (g217b) are m ... | 1995 | 8684427 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii can be separated from var. neoformans by its ability to assimilate d-tryptophan. | an additional test to differentiate the varieties of cryptococcus neoformans is described. it is based on the assimilation of d-tryptophan by the variety gattii. | 1995 | 8683412 |
| comparison of d0870 and fluconazole in the treatment of murine cryptococcal meningitis. | cryptococcal meningitis is a common infection in patients with aids. using a murine cryptococcosis model, we compared treatment with a new triazole, d0870, and fluconazole. groups of icr (institute for cancer research) mice were infected intracerebrally with eight different isolates of cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans with different in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole. for survival studies mice were challenged with two to four times ld(50) or six to nine times ld(50). treatment wa ... | 1995 | 8683404 |
| influence of opsonization conditions on c3 deposition and phagocyte binding of large- and small-capsule cryptococcus neoformans cells. | previous studies demonstrated that, following opsonization with normal human serum (nhs), phagocytes bind greater numbers of small-capsule cryptococcus neoformans cells than yeast cells with large capsules. the present study tested the hypothesis that suboptimal deposition of opsonic c3 fragments contributes to this disparity. c neoformans was grown under conditions promoting large or small capsules and was incubated at various concentrations in nhs. at low concentrations of yeast cells (125 cel ... | 1996 | 8675346 |
| the second capsule gene of cryptococcus neoformans, cap64, is essential for virulence. | the extracellular polysaccharide capsule produced by cryptococcus neoformans is essential for its pathogenicity. we have isolated and characterized a gene, (ap64, which is required for capsule formation. an encapsulated strain created by complementation of the cap64 mutation produced fatal infection of mice within 25 days, while the cap64 acapsular strain was avirulent. gene deletion of cap64 from a wild-type strain resulted in the loss of capsule as well as virulence. contour-clamped homogeneou ... | 1996 | 8675296 |
| fluorescence studies on the molecular action of amphotericin b on susceptible and resistant fungal cells. | the molecular action of amphotericin b (amb) on the cell membranes of both amb-susceptible and amb-resistant fungal cells was investigated through the use of the fluorescent membrane probe trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (tma-dph). amb, the most effective drug for the treatment of systemic fungal infections, is known to interact specifically with membrane sterols, especially ergosterol (the major sterol in fungal cells). treatment of amb-susceptible candida albicans and cryptococcus neoform ... | 1996 | 8672502 |
| immunoglobulin g3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus cryptococcus neoformans in mice. the effect of nonprotective antibodies on host defense is unknown. in this study we used mixtures of protective and nonprotective monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to determine if nonprotective mabs blocked the activity of the protective mabs. antibody isotype and epitope specificity are important in determining the ability to prolong survival in mice given a lethal c. neoforman ... | 1996 | 8666947 |
| role of il-12 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to fungi in persons with and without hiv infection. | clinical trials of il-12 in persons infected with hiv have been proposed based on recent evidence suggesting il-12 plays a critical role in the development of protective immune responses, and the hiv infection is associated with a deficiency of il-12. as fungal infections are among the most common opportunistic infections associated with aids, we examined whether il-12 p40 gene expression and p70 release in response to cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans were deficient in monocyte-enric ... | 1996 | 8666825 |
| [acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem)-like exacerbation in the patients with cryptococcus meningitis treated successfully by steroid pulse therapy]. | a 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with suspicion of aseptic meningitis. he had been well until the day before admission, when he became suffering from headache and nausea. cerebral spinal fluid (csf) analysis on admission revealed cryptococcus neoformans. neurological examination and brain ct scan showed no abnormality. on the 5th hospital day, he noticed ataxia and weakness in his right extremities and soon fell into drowsy to comatose state. csf study revealed marked elevation of ... | 1995 | 8665739 |
| activation of the complement system by pathogenic fungi. | fungi have been studied as prototype activators of the complement cascade since the early 1900s. more recently, attention has focused on the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of fungal infections. the interactions of cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans with the complement system are the most widely characterized; however, all pathogenic fungi examined to date have the ability to initiate the complement cascade. the molecular mechanisms for initiation and regulation of th ... | 1996 | 8665475 |