Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of chromosomally encoded membranal polypeptides of bacillus anthracis by a proteomic analysis: prevalence of proteins containing s-layer homology domains. | bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax disease. improvement of existing anthrax vaccines, which are currently based on the administration of protective antigen (the highly immunogenic nontoxic subunit of the bacterial toxin) may entail other bacterial immunogenic elements, part of which are predicted to reside on the surface of bacterial cells. in the present study, membranal proteins extracted from a stationary-phase culture of a nonvirulent b. anthracis strain, devoid of the nati ... | 2004 | 14997491 |
| two distinct types of rrna operons in the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group includes insecticidal bacteria (b. thuringiensis), food-borne pathogens (b. cereus and b. weihenstephanensis) and b. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. the precise number of rrna operons in 12 strains of the b. cereus group was determined. most of the tested strains possess 13 operons and the tested psychrotolerant strains contain 14 operons, the highest number ever found in bacteria. the separate clustering of the tested psychrotolerant strains was confirmed by ... | 2004 | 14993309 |
| chinese curses, anthrax, and the risk of bioterrorism. | 2004 | 14985658 | |
| is it influenza or anthrax? a decision analytic approach to the treatment of patients with influenza-like illnesses. | we analyze the risks and benefits of alternative treatment strategies for non-septic-appearing febrile patients with influenza-like illnesses and possible exposure to anthrax. | 2004 | 14985657 |
| preparation of a positive control dna for molecular diagnosis of bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis is considered to be one of the most potent biological weapons because of its highly pathogenic nature and efficiency of transmission. routinely, a presumptive diagnosis of anthrax is achieved if the bands with predicted sizes are detected after the pcr targeted to the pag and cap genes residing on pxo1 and pxo2 plasmids, respectively. a positive control dna prepared from the standard strains of b. anthracis (pai and paii) is usually included in the pcr tests. the handling of l ... | 2004 | 14985634 |
| prediction of proprotein convertase cleavage sites. | many secretory proteins and peptides are synthesized as inactive precursors that in addition to signal peptide cleavage undergo post-translational processing to become biologically active polypeptides. precursors are usually cleaved at sites composed of single or paired basic amino acid residues by members of the subtilisin/kexin-like proprotein convertase (pc) family. in mammals, seven members have been identified, with furin being the one first discovered and best characterized. recently, the ... | 2004 | 14985543 |
| gao's evaluation of the public health response to the anthrax incidents of 2001, with notes on the rhode island experience. | 2003 | 14983545 | |
| novel chromosomally encoded multidrug efflux transporter mdea in staphylococcus aureus. | antibiotic efflux is an important mechanism of resistance in pathogenic bacteria. here we describe the identification and characterization of a novel chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux protein in staphylococcus aureus, mdea (multidrug efflux a). mdea was identified from screening an s. aureus open reading frame expression library for resistance to antibiotic compounds. when overexpressed, mdea confers resistance on s. aureus to a range of quaternary ammonium compounds and antibiot ... | 2004 | 14982783 |
| laboratory investigation of suspected bioterrorism incidents, new south wales, october 2001 to february 2002. | 2003 | 14981557 | |
| anthrax and other suspect powders: initial responses to an outbreak of hoaxes and scares. | 2003 | 14981556 | |
| differential inhibition of adenylyl cyclase isoforms and soluble guanylyl cyclase by purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. | mammals express nine membranous adenylyl cyclase isoforms (acs 1-9), a structurally related soluble guanylyl cyclase (sgc) and a soluble ac (sac). moreover, bacillus anthracis and bacillus pertussis produce the ac toxins, edema factor (ef), and adenylyl cyclase toxin (act), respectively. 2'(3')-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl)-guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate is a potent competitive inhibitor of ac in s49 lymphoma cell membranes. these data prompted us to study systematically the effects of 24 nucl ... | 2004 | 14981084 |
| canada/us: bioterrorism highlights double standard for access to medicines. | in september 2001, shortly after terrorist attacks in the united states, the issue of bioterrorism--and specifically fear about reported cases of anthrax in the us--led the canadian minister of health to be concerned about the available stocks of the drug ciprofloxacin to treat this disease. | 2002 | 14979262 |
| selective inhibition of anthrax edema factor by adefovir, a drug for chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | edema factor (ef), a key virulence factor in anthrax pathogenesis, has calmodulin (cam)-activated adenylyl cyclase activity. we have found that adefovir dipivoxil, a drug approved to treat chronic infection of hepatitis b virus, effectively inhibits ef-induced camp accumulation and changes in cytokine production in mouse primary macrophages. adefovir diphosphate (pmeapp), the active cellular metabolite of adefovir dipivoxil, inhibits the adenylyl cyclase activity of ef in vitro with high affinit ... | 2004 | 14978283 |
| exogenous gamma and alpha/beta interferon rescues human macrophages from cell death induced by bacillus anthracis. | during the recent bioterrorism-related outbreaks, inhalational anthrax had a 45% mortality in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, underscoring the need for better adjuvant therapies. the variable latency between exposure and development of disease suggests an important role for the host's innate immune response. alveolar macrophages are likely the first immune cells exposed to inhalational anthrax, and the interferon (ifn) response of these cells comprises an important arm of the host in ... | 2004 | 14977930 |
| british society for immunology-annual conference 2003. | 2004 | 14968818 | |
| gyrb as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the bacillus anthracis-cereus-thuringiensis group. | bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of the human disease anthrax, bacillus cereus, a food-borne pathogen capable of causing human illness, and bacillus thuringiensis, a well-characterized insecticidal toxin producer, all cluster together within a very tight clade (b. cereus group) phylogenetically and are indistinguishable from one another via 16s rdna sequence analysis. as new pathogens are continually emerging, it is imperative to devise a system capable of rapidly and accurately different ... | 2004 | 14967230 |
| terrorism symposium update and conclusion. | 2003 | 14965028 | |
| a universal nucleic acid sequence biosensor with nanomolar detection limits. | a quantitative universal biosensor was developed on the basis of olignucleotide sandwich hybridization for the rapid (30 min total assay time) and highly sensitive (1 nm) detection of specific nucleic acid sequences. the biosensor consists of a universal membrane and a universal dye-entrapping liposomal nanovesicle. two oligonucleotides, a reporter and a capture probe that can hybridize specifically with the target nucleic acid sequence, can be coupled to the universal biosensor components withi ... | 2004 | 14961717 |
| the genome sequence of bacillus cereus atcc 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to bacillus anthracis pxo1. | we sequenced the complete genome of bacillus cereus atcc 10987, a non-lethal dairy isolate in the same genetic subgroup as bacillus anthracis. comparison of the chromosomes demonstrated that b.cereus atcc 10987 was more similar to b.anthracis ames than b.cereus atcc 14579, while containing a number of unique metabolic capabilities such as urease and xylose utilization and lacking the ability to utilize nitrate and nitrite. additionally, genetic mechanisms for variation of capsule carbohydrate an ... | 2004 | 14960714 |
| nuclear changes in living cells of a variant of bacillus anthracis. | 1952 | 14938327 | |
| [anthrax and its modern treatment]. | 1952 | 14936237 | |
| [an epidemic focus of symptomatic anthrax in oubangui-chari, french equatorial arica]. | 1952 | 14935749 | |
| anthrax meningitis: review of literature and report of two cases with autopsies. | 1952 | 14933414 | |
| [renal anthrax]. | 1952 | 14929861 | |
| industrial anthrax in the carpet-wool industry. | 1952 | 14929495 | |
| synthesis of glutamic acid and glutamyl polypeptide by bacillus anthracis. ii. the effect of carbon dioxide on peptide production on solid media. | 1952 | 14927567 | |
| [anthrax of the american mink]. | 1952 | 14925518 | |
| [anthrax of the kidney and perirenal hematoma]. | 1952 | 14924910 | |
| [anthrax polypeptide and other species-specific substances of the capsules of the bacillus group]. | 1951 | 14921823 | |
| [differential diagnosis of furuncle]. | 1952 | 14916722 | |
| disinfective action of methyl bromide, methanol, and hydrogen bromide on anthrax spores. | 1952 | 14914204 | |
| [two cases of enterogenous anthrax in man]. | 1951 | 14914072 | |
| anthrax. | 1952 | 14911432 | |
| chloramphenicol in treatment of cutaneous anthrax. | 1952 | 14896037 | |
| [influence of calcium on attenuation of the anthrax bacillus by the pasteur method]. | 1951 | 14894909 | |
| [prevegetative processes in spore germination]. | 1951 | 14893873 | |
| anthrax in connecticut with case report. | 1951 | 14887261 | |
| anthrax, an industrial disease. | 1951 | 14887260 | |
| unusual behaviour of a lysogenic bacillus strain. | 1951 | 14873909 | |
| tem8 interacts with the cleaved c5 domain of collagen alpha 3(vi). | tumor endothelial marker (tem)8 was uncovered as a gene expressed predominantly in tumor endothelium, and its protein product was recently identified as the receptor for anthrax toxin. here, we demonstrate that tem8 protein is preferentially expressed in endothelial cells of neoplastic tissue. we used the extracellular domain of tem8 to search for ligands and identified the alpha 3 subunit of collagen vi as an interacting partner. the tem8-interacting region on collagen alpha 3(vi) was mapped to ... | 2004 | 14871805 |
| [simple "morphological" streptomycin determination by means of anthrax spores]. | 1951 | 14862108 | |
| [experimental study of hemorrhagic diathesis in anthrax, and the problem of anthracic leptomeningitis from the viewpoint of comparative pathology]. | 1951 | 14856144 | |
| clostridium infections in india. | 1951 | 14850374 | |
| [anthrax during insulin treatment]. | 1951 | 14847339 | |
| anthrax in livestock during 1950. | 1951 | 14836261 | |
| [cutaneous anthrax treated with diathermy]. | 1951 | 14833216 | |
| a selective medium for bacillus anthracis. | 1951 | 14832427 | |
| studies on immunity in anthrax. ii. in vitro elaboration of protective antigen by non-proteolytic mutants of bacillus anthracis. | non-proteolytic mutants were isolated from the vollum strain of b. anthracis following ultraviolet treatment. the mutants were virulent for rabbits and mice and their non-proteolytic character was stable in culture and on serial passage in rabbits. the mutants produced protective antigen under suitable conditions of cultivation in vitro, and allowed longer incubation of the cultures without destruction of the protective antigen than did the parent strain. the meaning of the results is discussed. | 1951 | 14832399 |
| cutaneous anthrax in dares-salaam. | 1951 | 14830856 | |
| [motile mutants of b. anthracis]. | 1950 | 14828350 | |
| epidemiology of a small outbreak of anthrax. | 1951 | 14825886 | |
| [epidemic of human anthrax]. | 1951 | 14825278 | |
| the mutability of bacillus anthracis spores during germination. | 1951 | 14824119 | |
| [viability of anthrax bacillus]. | 1950 | 14815352 | |
| sporulation and viability of b. anthracis in relation to environmental temperature and humidity. | 1950 | 14814223 | |
| a comparison of black-quarter vaccines. | 1951 | 14812145 | |
| industrial anthrax in the united states; an epidemiologic study. | 1951 | 14810699 | |
| [a new method in the preparation of anthrax spore vaccine]. | 1950 | 14810110 | |
| [cutaneous anthrax with pustulation; contribution on the infectious process in anthrax]. | 1950 | 14810108 | |
| newer antibiotics in the treatment of anthrax. | 1951 | 14806770 | |
| [anthrax in man]. | 1950 | 14805744 | |
| studies on immunity in anthrax. i. variation in the serum t-agglutinin during anthrax infection in the rabbit. | an abrupt decrease in the titer of serum t-agglutinin frequently occurs during the acute phase of anthrax infection in the rabbit. in partially immunized animals which survive the infection the titer returns to normal during convalescence, but has not been observed to rise significantly above the normal level. the presence of a substance capable of inhibiting t-agglutination may be demonstrated in the sera of many of those animals in which a marked decrease in t-agglutinin has occurred. the poly ... | 1951 | 14803634 |
| [anthrax treated with diathermy]. | 1950 | 14803022 | |
| [transmission of anthrax by ancylostoma larvae]. | 1951 | 14802287 | |
| [biologic studies of chloromycetin and its effect on aerobic sporogenou: bacilli]. | 1950 | 14798927 | |
| [differentiation of bacillus anthracis and similar sporogenic bacilli, and the significance of their occurrence in waste water]. | 1950 | 14798922 | |
| laboratory studies on the immunizing value of hemorrhagic septicemia bacterin and blackleg bacterin. | 1951 | 14798764 | |
| [amino acid composition of the capsular substance of anthrax bacilli and serologically identical specific substance of b. mesentericus]. | 1950 | 14793534 | |
| [studies in the control of industrial anthrax. vi. problem of the danger of infection from imported sheep and goat hides]. | 1950 | 14789069 | |
| [anthrax in the leather industry]. | 1950 | 14782656 | |
| [problem of infection with the anthrax bacillus]. | 1950 | 14782521 | |
| induced mutation of bacillus anthracis. | 1950 | 14778971 | |
| the production of non-capsulated avirulent variants by bacillus anthracis and its implication on taxonomy. | 1950 | 14778963 | |
| [bioterrorism - a challenge for public health services]. | within the range of highly contagious diseases there are well-known diseases, and those caused by newly detected infectious agents (i. e. sars) or, in the worst case, bioterror agents. public health services as well as clinicians and practitioners will be confronted with a new paradigm of infectious disease control: not only the infectious agent itself, the constitution of the host or the environment will influence the spread of a disease, but also globalization, mobile societies and new communi ... | 2004 | 14770339 |
| [current epidemiology of selected bacterial zoonoses]. | the present epidemiology of selected bacterial zoonoses brucellosis, anthrax, tularemia, q fever, chlamydia infections, tuberculosis, respectively mycobacteriosis and ehec infections, is discussed. | 2004 | 14770334 |
| identification of proteins in the exosporium of bacillus anthracis. | spores of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, possess an exosporium. as the outer surface layer of these mature spores, the exosporium represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment/host and is a site of spore antigens. the exosporium was isolated from the endospores of the b. anthracis wild-type ames strain, from a derivative of the ames strain cured of plasmid pxo2(-), and from a previously isolated pxo1(-), pxo2(-) doubly cured strain, b. anthracis um ... | 2004 | 14766913 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | dna from over 300 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). b. thuringiensis and b. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the american type culture collection, and over 200 b. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the u.s. depa ... | 2004 | 14766590 |
| effect of extracellular products of pseudoalteromonas atlantica on the edible crab cancer pagurus. | previous studies have shown that injection of extracellular products (ecp) of pseudoalteromononas atlantica isolated from shell disease-infected edible crabs (cancer pagurus) into healthy crabs causes rapid death. in this study we examined the nature of the active lethal factor(s) in ecp. injection of ecp into crabs caused a rapid decline in the total number of circulating hemocytes (blood cells), and the crabs died within 60 to 90 min. the individuals that died showed eyestalk retraction, limb ... | 2004 | 14766548 |
| systemic cytokine response in murine anthrax. | systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine release has been previously implicated as a major death-causing factor in anthrax, however, direct data have been absent. we determined the levels of il-1 beta, il-6 and tnf-alpha in serum of mice challenged with virulent (ames) or attenuated (sterne) strains of bacillus anthracis. more than 10-fold increase in the il-1beta levels was detected in ames-challenged balb/c mice, in contrast to more susceptible c57bl/6 mice, which showed no il-1beta response. balb/c ... | 2004 | 14764106 |
| insight into the activation mechanism of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase by calmodulin using fluorescence spectroscopy. | the interaction of the adenylate cyclase catalytic domain (ac) of the bordetella pertussis major exotoxin with its activator calmodulin (cam) was studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using three fluorescent groups located in different regions of ac: tryptophan residues (w69 and w242), a nucleotide analogue (3'-anthraniloyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, ant-datp) and a cysteine-specific probe (acrylodan). cam binding elicited large changes in the dynamics of w242, which dominat ... | 2004 | 14764099 |
| communicating health information to an alarmed public facing a threat such as a bioterrorist attack. | considerable literature exists on the communication of risk to the public through channels such as television, radio, and newspapers. however, little has been written on the communication of risk through less traditional communication forms, such as the internet. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the internet as an additional source of health information to that provided by the traditional news media in managing the public's response to an emerging health risk such as a bi ... | 2004 | 14761834 |
| [diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anthrax]. | 2003 | 14761343 | |
| us soldiers refuse to fall in line with anthrax vaccination scheme. | 2004 | 14760404 | |
| bacillus anthracis requires siderophore biosynthesis for growth in macrophages and mouse virulence. | systemic anthrax infections can be characterized as proceeding in stages, beginning with an early intracellular establishment stage within phagocytes that is followed by extracelluar stages involving massive bacteraemia, sepsis and death. because most bacteria require iron, and the host limits iron availability through homeostatic mechanisms, we hypothesized that b. anthracis requires a high-affinity mechanism of iron acquisition during its growth stages. two putative types of siderophore synthe ... | 2004 | 14756782 |
| anthrax vaccine: a review. | anthrax can be a deadly disease if treatment does not begin early in the course of infection. an effective vaccine has been available in the united states since 1970, although it was not used widely until 1998. a comprehensive, peer-reviewed evaluation by the national academy of sciences affirmed the findings of multiple previous independent panels that found that the us-licensed anthrax vaccine is safe and effective. | 2003 | 14753388 |
| a microtiter fluorometric assay to detect the germination of bacillus anthracis spores and the germination inhibitory effects of antibodies. | bacillus anthracis spore germination is usually detected in vitro by alterations in spore refractility, heat resistance, and stainability. we developed a more quantitative, sensitive, and semi-automated procedure for detecting germination by using a microtiter kinetic reader for fluorescence spectrophotometry. the procedure was based on the increase in fluorescence of spores with time during their incubation in germination medium containing a fluorescent nucleic acid-binding dye which stained ge ... | 2004 | 14744454 |
| needle-free skin patch vaccination method for anthrax. | three immunizations of mice with recombinant protective antigen (rpa) by transcutaneous immunization (tci) induced long-term neutralizing antibody titers that were superior to those obtained with aluminum-adsorbed rpa. in addition, rpa alone exhibited adjuvant activity for tci. forty-six weeks after completion of tci, 100% protection was observed against lethal anthrax challenge. | 2004 | 14742571 |
| a generalized linear mixed models approach for detecting incident clusters of disease in small areas, with an application to biological terrorism. | since the intentional dissemination of anthrax through the us postal system in the fall of 2001, there has been increased interest in surveillance for detection of biological terrorism. more generally, this could be described as the detection of incident disease clusters. in addition, the advent of affordable and quick geocoding allows for surveillance on a finer spatial scale than has been possible in the past. surveillance for incident clusters of disease in both time and space is a relatively ... | 2004 | 14742279 |
| the dissemination of anthrax from imported wool: kidderminster 1900-14. | a century ago anthrax was a continuing health risk in the town of kidderminster. the distribution of cases in people and in animals provides an indication of the routes by which spores were disseminated. the response to these cases provides an insight into attitudes to an occupational and environmental risk at the time and can be compared with responses in more recent times. | 2004 | 14739375 |
| one hundred years of anthrax. | 2004 | 14739373 | |
| treatment of anthrax infection with combination of ciprofloxacin and antibodies to protective antigen of bacillus anthracis. | currently there is no effective treatment for inhalational anthrax beyond administration of antibiotics shortly after exposure. there is need for new, safe and effective treatments to supplement traditional antibiotic therapy. our study was based on the premise that simultaneous inhibition of lethal toxin action with antibodies and blocking of bacterial growth by antibiotics will be beneficial for the treatment of anthrax. in this study, we tested the effects of a combination treatment using pur ... | 2004 | 14734189 |
| anthrax and the etiology of the english sweating sickness. | in 2001, spores of bacillus anthracis were deliberately sent through the united states postal system, resulting in five deaths from inhalational anthrax. rarely observed clinical symptoms associated with these cases led to a hypothesis about the etiology of the english sweating sickness. the disease appeared sporadically in england between 1485 and 1551. numerous viruses have been proposed as possible causes of the "english sweat". anthrax has not previously been considered because, documented c ... | 2004 | 14729023 |
| emergency implementation of knowledge management system to support a bioterrorism response. | in a public health emergency, it becomes necessary for public health agencies to provide timely, accurate and useful information to the community. during the anthrax attacks, the public health practice program office in the centers for disease control and prevention implemented a knowledge management (km) system to respond to an increased number of inquiries from public health officials, first responders, and health care professionals as well as the general public. while it is possible to succes ... | 2003 | 14728354 |
| making sense of an alphabet soup: the use of a new bioinformatics tool for identification of novel gene islands. focus on "identification of genomic islands in the genome of bacillus cereus by comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis". | 2004 | 14726601 | |
| industry-related outbreak of human anthrax. | 2003 | 14725313 | |
| [bioterrorism and the lungs]. | 2004 | 14724783 | |
| emerging infectious diseases in mongolia. | since 1990, mongolia's health system has been in transition. impressive gains have been accomplished through a national immunization program, which was instituted in 1991. nevertheless, the country continues to confront four major chronic infections: hepatitis b and c, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (stds). as of 2001, only two cases of hiv infections had been detected in mongolia, but concern grows that the rate will increase along with the rising rates of stds and ... | 2003 | 14720388 |
| identification of small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor. | the virulent spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis secretes anthrax toxin composed of protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf) and edema factor (ef). lf is a zn-dependent metalloprotease that inactivates key signaling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mapkk), to ultimately cause cell death. we report here the identification of small molecule (nonpeptidic) inhibitors of lf. using a two-stage screening assay, we determined the lf inhibitory properties of 19 compo ... | 2004 | 14718925 |
| the structural basis for substrate and inhibitor selectivity of the anthrax lethal factor. | recent events have created an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to treat anthrax. we have applied a mixture-based peptide library approach to rapidly determine the optimal peptide substrate for the anthrax lethal factor (lf), a metalloproteinase with an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. using this approach we have identified peptide analogs that inhibit the enzyme in vitro and that protect cultured macrophages from lf-mediated cytolysis. the crystal structures of lf bou ... | 2004 | 14718924 |
| [bacteriological provision of anti-epidemic measures in the zones of a natural disaster in southern russia in 2002]. | the bacteriological provision of the prophylactic and anti-epidemic measures, taken under the conditions of the unstable sanitary and epidemiological situation which arose as the result of the emergency situation due to the high flood in the southern federal district, was carried out by the efforts and means of microbiological laboratories forming a part of the territorial system of observation and laboratory control. on the whole, more than 20,000 samples of water supplied to the population for ... | 2003 | 14716994 |