Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| properties of a copper-containing cytochrome c1aa3 complex: a terminal oxidase of the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb8. | from the plasma membrane of thermus thermophilus hb8 we have partially purified a detergent-solubilized complex of cytochromes a and c1 that actively catalyzes the transfer of electrons from ascorbate via a redox dye to oxygen. the complex is composed of two types of polypeptides, with molecular weights of approximately 55,000 and 33,000. quantitative analysis revealed the presence of heme a, heme c, and copper in a ratio of 2:1:2, with the heme a being present at 10 +/- 1.3 nmol/mg of protein. ... | 1980 | 6244539 |
| a spite specific endonuclease from thermus thermophilus 111, tth111i. | a site specific endonuclease with novel specificity has been isolated from thermus thermophilus strain 111 and named tth111i. tth111i cleaves lambda dna into three fragments of 23.5, 25.7 and 50.8% of the total length, and cole1 dna into two fragments of nearly equal length. the sequences around tth111i cleavage sites of cole1 and lambda dna were determined by the maxam and gilbert method and the two dimensional mapping method. the results suggest that tth111i recognizes the dna sequence (formu ... | 1980 | 6243779 |
| comparative structural analysis of eubacterial 5s rrna by oxidation of adenines in the n-1 position. | adenines in free 5s rrna from escherichia coli, bacillus stearothermophilus and thermus thermophilus have been oxidized at their n-1 position using monoperphthalic acid. the determination of the number of adenine 1-n-oxides was on the basis of uv spectroscopic data of the intact molecule. identification of the most readily accessible nucleotides by sequencing gel analysis reveals that they are located in conserved positions within loops, exposed hairpin loops and single-base bulge loops. implica ... | 1984 | 6201825 |
| the nucleotide sequence of 5s rrna from an extreme thermophile, thermus thermophilus hb8. | using 3'- and 5'-end labelling sequencing techniques, the following primary structure for thermusthermophilus hb8 5s rna could be determined: paa (u) cccccgugcccauagcggcguggaaccacccguucccauuccgaacacggaagugaaacgcgccagcgcc gaugguacuggcggacgaccgcugggagaguaggucggugcggggga (oh). this sequence is most similar to thermusaquaticus 5s rna with which it shows 85% homology. | 1981 | 6171775 |
| a comparison of virulence of two strains of legionella pneumophila based on experimental aerosol infection of guinea-pigs. | two strains of legionella pneumophila (lp) serogroup i, of differing virulence, were examined in terms of numbers of viable organisms in tissues, pyrexia and mortality following aerosol infection. the corby strain was the more virulent, with pyrexia and deaths of guinea-pigs 3 to 6 days after infection. this strain multiplied very rapidly in the lungs to reach a peak of 5 x 10(11) viable organisms/lung. organisms were present in the blood, liver, spleen and kidney. the philadelphia-1 strain (nct ... | 1985 | 4020112 |
| genetic transformation of the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus and of other thermus spp. | genetic transformation of auxotrophs of the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb27 to prototrophy was obtained at high frequencies of 10(-2) to 10(-1) when proliferating cell populations were exposed to chromosomal dna from a nutritionally independent wild-type strain. the transformation frequency was proportional to the dna concentration from 10 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml. t. thermophilus hb27 cells did not require chemical treatment to induce competence, although optimal transformation was obta ... | 1986 | 3957870 |
| the interaction of spermine and pentamines with dna. | we studied the effects of spermine, two naturally-occurring pentamines isolated from the thermophile thermus thermophilus and one synthetic pentamine on the aggregation and 'melting' temperature of calf-thymus dna and on the b-to-z transition of poly(dg-me5dc). all pentamines caused aggregation of dna at much lower concentrations than that of spermine. concentrations that increased the melting temperature of dna and induced the b-to-z transition in poly(dg-me5dc) were different for each pentamin ... | 1987 | 3663115 |
| ser-trnas from bovine mitochondrion form ternary complexes with bacterial elongation factor tu and gtp. | transfer ribonucleic acids were isolated from mitochondria of bovine heart and aminoacylated in vitro by a crude mitochondrial enzyme. ser-trnaserucn and ser-trnaseragy were isolated and characterized by partial sequencing. although these trnas possess unique structural features not found in any bacterial trna, they form a ternary complex with elongation factor from the extreme thermophilic bacterium thermus thermophilus and gtp. | 1986 | 3639440 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluation of isolation media for campylobacter jejuni. | six selective isolation media were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of campylobacter jejuni. colony counts of 70 isolated strains of c. jejuni and recovery studies on these strains in simulated positive feces samples demonstrated that bolton and hutchinson' charcoal, cefoperazone, deoxycholate agar and karmali's charcoal-based selective medium produced the highest recovery rates with the greatest suppression of other fecal flora. c. jejuni colonies were more easily recognized on ... | 1987 | 3429621 |
| nucleotide sequence of thermus thermophilus hb8 gene coding 16s rrna. | 1988 | 3419905 | |
| purification and biochemical characterization of tellurite-reducing activities from thermus thermophilus hb8. | cell-free extracts of thermus thermophilus hb8 catalyze the in vitro, nadh-dependent reduction of potassium tellurite (k2teo3). three different protein fractions with tellurite-reducing activities were identified. two exhibited high molecular weight and were composed of at least two different polypeptides. the protein in the third fraction was purified to homogeneity and had a single polypeptide chain of 53 to 54 kilodaltons, with an isoelectric point of 8.1. each enzyme was thermostable, the te ... | 1988 | 3384810 |
| sequence and identification of the nucleotide binding site for the elongation factor tu from thermus thermophilus hb8. | two structural genes for the thermus thermophilus elongation factor tu (tuf) were identified by cross-hybridization with the tufa gene from e. coli. the sequence of one of these tuf genes, localized on a 6.6 kb bam hi fragment, was determined and confirmed by partial protein sequencing of an authentic elongation factor tu from t. thermophilus hb8. expression of this tuf gene in e. coli minicells provided a low amount of immuno-precipitable thermophilic ef-tu. affinity labeling of the t. thermoph ... | 1987 | 3317278 |
| sequences implicated in the processing of thermus thermophilus hb8 23s rrna. | nuclease s1 mapping analyses were performed in order to detect processing intermediates of pre-23s rrna from thermus thermophilus hb8. two processing sites were identified downstream the start of transcription and several consecutive cleavage sites are associated with the mature 5'-end. in the 3'-flanking region one "primary" site and two cleavages which generate short-living intermediates were detected. a series of successive intermediates in the region of the mature 3'-end implies the existenc ... | 1987 | 3313273 |
| predisposing factors in microbial keratitis: the significance of contact lens wear. | fifty-three patients consecutively admitted to moorfields eye hospital for treatment of suspected microbial keratitis were examined to identify predisposing factors. the principal associations were pre-existing corneal disease (22 patients (41.5%] and contact lens wear (22 patients (41.5%]. in 13 cases (25%) contact lens wear was the only factor in patients with otherwise healthy eyes using contact lenses as an alternative to spectacles. gram-negative keratitis was more frequent in the lens wear ... | 1988 | 3147696 |
| acceleration of starvation- and glycerol-induced myxospore formation by prior heat shock in myxococcus xanthus. | the effect of heat shock on myxococcus xanthus was investigated during both glycerol- and starvation-induced development. cells heat shocked at 40 degrees c for 1 h prior to a development-inducing signal displayed an accelerated rate of myxospore formation at 30 degrees c. additionally, m. xanthus cells heat shocked prior to glycerol induction formed a greater total number of myxospores when sporulation was complete than did control cells maintained at 30 degrees c. however, in starvation-induce ... | 1988 | 3141380 |
| malate dehydrogenase from the thermophilic green bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus: purification, molecular weight, amino acid composition, and partial amino acid sequence. | malate dehydrogenase (mdh; ec 1.1.1.37) from the thermophilic green nonsulfur bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus was purified by a two-step procedure involving affinity chromatography and gel filtration. the enzyme consists of identical subunits which had molecular weights of approximately 35,000. in its active form at 55 degrees c, it formed tetramers. at lower temperatures, inactive dimers and trimers existed. antibodies against the purified enzyme were produced, and immunotitration and enzyme ... | 1988 | 3133356 |
| ca2+-stabilized oligomeric protein complexes are major components of the cell envelope of "thermus thermophilus" hb8. | the major cell envelope proteins of the gram-negative thermophilic eubacterium "thermus thermophilus" gave an electrophoretical pattern characterized by two well-defined groups of bands. one of them showed up as four regularly spaced proteins (hmrps) with mrs higher than 310,000, a value corresponding to the smaller hmrp. the second one was formed by two proteins with mrs of 100,000 (p100) and 84,000 (p84). hmrps p100 and p84 were apparently located in the outer layer of the cell envelope, as in ... | 1988 | 3131301 |
| partial purification and characterization of an inactive precursor of pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. | an inactive precursor of the extracellular elastase of pseudomonas aeruginosa was extensively purified by immunoadsorption chromatography of the soluble bacterial cell fraction on a column of sepharose coupled to antielastase antibodies. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified precursor fraction revealed two major protein bands with molecular weights of about 36,000 (p36) and 20,000 (p20) that in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate were associated with each ot ... | 1988 | 3125153 |
| monoclonal antibodies in identifying neisseria gonorrhoeae: cautionary note. | 1987 | 3123361 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene from the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of the mesophilic yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. | using oligonucleotide probes derived from amino acid sequencing information, the structural gene for phosphoglycerate kinase from the extreme thermophile, thermus thermophilus, was cloned in escherichia coli and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. the gene consists of an open reading frame corresponding to a protein of 390 amino acid residues (calculated mr 41,791) with an extreme bias for g or c (93.1%) in the codon third base position. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence wit ... | 1988 | 3052437 |
| the circular-dichroic properties of the 'rieske' iron-sulphur protein in the mitochondrial ubiquinol: cytochrome c reductase. | we have studied the c.d. spectra of the 'rieske' iron-sulphur protein isolated from the ubiquinol: cytochrome c reductase (bc1 complex) of bovine heart mitochondria. both the oxidized and the reduced form of the 'rieske' protein display a series of well-resolved c.d. features resembling those reported for the 'rieske'-type iron-sulphur protein purified from the bacterium thermus thermophilus [fee, findling, yoshida, hille, tarr, hearshen, dunham, day, kent & münck (1984) j. biol, chem. 259, 124- ... | 1987 | 3032159 |
| properties of a copper-containing cytochrome ba3: a second terminal oxidase from the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus. | we describe an alternate terminal oxidase found in the plasma membrane of thermus thermophilus and designate it cytochrome ba3. the enzyme consists of a single approximately equal to 35-kda polypeptide that binds one heme b molecule, one heme a molecule, and two cu ions. optical spectra suggest the presence of cytochrome b, cytochrome a3, and cua in this protein. quantitative epr and mössbauer studies of the oxidized protein indicate the presence of one low-spin ferric heme, which is assigned to ... | 1988 | 2842747 |
| thermus thermophilus 16s rrna is transcribed from an isolated transcription unit. | a cloned 16s rrna gene from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus hb8 was used to characterize the in vivo expression of the 16s rrna genes in this organism by nuclease s1 mapping. the gene represents an isolated transcription unit encoding solely 16s rrna. under exponential growth conditions, transcription was initiated at a single promoter, which represents the structural equivalent of escherichia coli rrn p2 promoters. the promoter-leader region was very similar to the e. ... | 1989 | 2722737 |
| dna sequencing with thermostable tet dna polymerase from thermus thermophilus. | 1989 | 2602167 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the thermus thermophilus hb8 gene coding for elongation factor g. | 1989 | 2587224 | |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a 23s ribosomal rna gene from thermus thermophilus hb8. | 1988 | 2459660 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the 4.5s rna gene from thermus thermophilus hb8. | 1988 | 2459659 | |
| the sequence of the 6s rna gene of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | from the gram-negative eubacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa we have isolated a stable 6s rna, approximately 180 nucleotides in length. the rna was partially sequenced and identified by comparison with the known escherichia coli 6s rna sequence. southern hybridizations revealed a single copy gene coding for the 6s rna. dna from other prokaryotes, i.e. e. coli, thermus thermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus and halobacterium maris mortui, did not give detectable hybridization s ... | 1987 | 2438656 |
| nucleotide sequence of the thermus thermophilus hb8 rps12 and rps7 genes coding for the ribosomal proteins s12 and s7. | 1990 | 2362824 | |
| sequences of four trna genes adjacent to the tuf2 gene of thermus thermophilus. | 1990 | 2336371 | |
| interaction of the isolated domain ii/iii of thermus thermophilus elongation factor tu with the nucleotide exchange factor ef-ts. | the middle and c-terminal domain (domain ii/iii) of elongation factor tu from thermus thermophilus lacking the gtp/gdp binding domain have been prepared by treating nucleotide-free protein with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. the isolated domain ii/iii of ef-tu has a compact structure and high resistance against tryptic treatment and thermal denaturation. as demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy, the isolated domain ii/iii does not contain any alpha-helical structure. nucleotide exc ... | 1990 | 2263451 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of tryptophan synthetase genes of an extreme thermophile, thermus thermophilus hb27: plasmid transfer from replica-plated escherichia coli recombinant colonies to competent t. thermophilus cells. | tryptophan synthetase genes (trpba) of the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb27 were cloned by a novel method of direct plasmid transfer from replica-plated escherichia coli recombinant colonies to competent t. thermophilus hb27 trpb cells. the nucleotide sequences of the trpba genes were determined. the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of thermus trpb and trpa were found to have identities of 54.8 and 28.7%, respectively, with those of e. coli trpb and trpa ge ... | 1990 | 2188962 |
| cloning of alpha- and beta-galactosidase genes from an extreme thermophile, thermus strain t2, and their expression in thermus thermophilus hb27. | the genes encoding thermostable alpha- and beta-galactosidases from an extremely thermophilic bacterium, thermus strain t2, were cloned in escherichia coli. the alpha-galactosidase gene was located just downstream from the beta-galactosidase gene. the genes were introduced into thermus thermophilus hb27 with the aid of thermus cryptic plasmid ptt8, and beta-galactosidases were expressed constitutively. | 1990 | 2167630 |
| xylose (glucose) isomerase gene from the thermophile thermus thermophilus: cloning, sequencing, and comparison with other thermostable xylose isomerases. | the xylose isomerase gene from the thermophile thermus thermophilus was cloned by using a fragment of the streptomyces griseofuscus gene as a probe. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. t. thermophilus is the most thermophilic organism from which a xylose isomerase gene has been cloned and characterized. the gene codes for a polypeptide of 387 amino acids with a molecular weight of 44,000. the thermus xylose isomerase is considerably more thermostable than other described ... | 1991 | 2022613 |
| processing and termination of 23s rrna-5s rrna-trna(gly) primary transcripts in thermus thermophilus hb8. | the two 23s rrna-5s rrna-trnagly operons from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus hb8 were used to characterized the in vivo processing and termination of 23s rrna-5s rrna-trnagly primary transcripts in this organism by nuclease s1 mapping. a processing site in the pre-23s rrna 3'-flanking region is located approximately 25 nucleotides upstream of 5s rrna and precedes a putative 23s-5s rrna spacer antitermination box a. cleavage at this site and 5s rrna 5' end formation wer ... | 1991 | 2013580 |
| phosphorothioate-containing rnas show mrna activity in the prokaryotic translation systems in vitro. | phosphorothioate-containing rnas were generated by transcription of coliphage t7 dna using the sp diastereomers of ribonucleoside 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphates) and t7 rna polymerase. rnas in which a single nucleotide was substituted by the corresponding nucleoside phosphorothioate functioned as mrna in the cell-free translation systems prepared from escherichia coli and from an extreme thermophilic bacterium, thermus thermophilus. this substitution increased the efficiency of protein synthesis by s ... | 1991 | 2011526 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the structural gene coding for the monomeric protein of the s layer of thermus thermophilus hb8. | the gene coding for the 100 kda monomeric protein (p100) of the s layer of thermus thermophilus hb8 has been cloned in the escherichia coli plasmid vector puc9. recombinant plasmids were selected by colony screening with anti-p100 rabbit antiserum. the gene, named slpa (for surface layer protein a), was identified in a bacterial clone harboring a hybrid plasmid, pmf4, with a 5.8-kbp insert. this plasmid consistently expressed a protein specifically recognized by anti-p100 antiserum. expression w ... | 1991 | 1885515 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and engineered expression of thermus thermophilus dna ligase, a homolog of escherichia coli dna ligase. | we have cloned and sequenced the gene for dna ligase from thermus thermophilus. a comparison of this sequence and those of other ligases reveals significant homology only with that of escherichia coli. the overall amino acid composition of the thermophilic ligase and the pattern of amino acid substitutions between the two proteins are consistent with compositional biases in other thermophilic enzymes. we have engineered the expression of the t. thermophilus gene in escherichia coli, and we show ... | 1991 | 1840584 |
| sequence and base modifications of two phenylalanine-trnas from thermus thermophilus hb8. | 1992 | 1738592 | |
| molecular cloning of a ribonuclease h (rnase hi) gene from an extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb8: a thermostable rnase h can functionally replace the escherichia coli enzyme in vivo. | a dna fragment encoding ribonuclease h (ec 3. 1.26.4) was isolated from an extreme thermophilic bacterium, thermus thermophilus hb8, by its ability to complement the temperature-sensitive growth of an escherichia coli rnha deficient mutant. the primary amino acid sequence showed 56% similarity to that of e. coli rnase hi but little or no homology to e. coli rnase hii. enzymes derived from thermophilic organisms tend to have fewer cysteines than their bacterial counterparts. however, t. thermophi ... | 1991 | 1653414 |
| molecular cloning of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene of an extreme thermophile, thermus thermophilus hb8. | the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase of an extreme thermophile, thermus thermophilus hb8, was cloned and sequenced. this gene consists of a single open reading frame of 1,485 bp preceded by a shine-dalgarno ribosome binding site. promoter- and terminatorlike sequences were detected upstream and downstream of the open reading frame, respectively. the g + c content of the coding region was 65.6%, and that of the third nucleotide of the codons was 90.3%. on the basis of the deduced amino ac ... | 1992 | 1539996 |
| structure of the phenylalanyl-trna synthetase genes from thermus thermophilus hb8 and their expression in escherichia coli. | a 4459 bp long bamhi restriction fragment containing the two genes for the thermus thermophilus hb8 phenylalanyl-trna synthetase was cloned in escherichia coli and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the genes phes and phet encode the alpha- and beta-subunits with a molecular weight of 39 and 87 kd, respectively. three conserved sequence motifs typical for class ii trna synthetases occur in the alpha-subunit. secondary structure predictions indicate that an arm composed of two anti-parallel ... | 1992 | 1508711 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the dna polymerase gene from thermus flavus. | 1992 | 1454544 | |
| identification of the gene encoding transcription factor nusg of thermus thermophilus. | the nusg gene of thermus thermophilus hb8 was cloned and sequenced. it is located 388 bp downstream from tufb, which is followed by the genes for ribosomal proteins l11 and l1. no equivalent to sece preceding nusg, as in escherichia coli, could be detected. the nusg gene product was overproduced in e. coli. a rabbit antiserum raised against the purified recombinant nusg reacted exclusively with one protein band of t. thermophilus crude extracts in western blot (immunoblot) analyses, and no cross ... | 1992 | 1447157 |
| molecular characterisation of a dna ligase gene of the extremely thermophilic archaeon desulfurolobus ambivalens shows close phylogenetic relationship to eukaryotic ligases. | a 3382 bp fragment containing a gene for a dna ligase from the extremely thermophilic, acidophilic, and facultatively anaerobic archaeon (archaebacterium) desulfurolobus ambivalens was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence (600 amino acids, 67619 molecular weight) showed 30-34% sequence identity with the atp-dependent eucaryal (eukaryotic) dna ligases of schizosaccharomyces pombe, saccharomyces cerevisiae, the human dna ligase i, and with the vaccinia dna ligase. distant similari ... | 1992 | 1437556 |
| sequence of the s-layer gene of thermus thermophilus hb8 and functionality of its promoter in escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of the slpa gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of the s-layer protein of thermus thermophilus hb8, is described. this gene is transcribed as a unit in which the coding region is preceded by a 127-base-long leader mrna sequence. the promoter region is also recognized by the rna polymerase of escherichia coli because of the presence of homologous -35 and -10 boxes. homologies with other promoters from thermus spp. are also presented. | 1992 | 1429468 |
| development of thermus-escherichia shuttle vectors and their use for expression of the clostridium thermocellum cela gene in thermus thermophilus. | we describe the self-selection of replication origins of undescribed cryptic plasmids from thermus aquaticus y-vii-51b (atcc 25105) and a thermus sp. strain (atcc 27737) by random insertion of a thermostable kanamycin adenyltransferase cartridge. once selected, these autonomous replication origins were cloned into the escherichia coli vector puc9 or puc19. the bifunctional plasmids were analyzed for their sizes, relationships, and properties as shuttle vectors for thermus-escherichia cloning. se ... | 1992 | 1400194 |
| purification and characterization of dna polymerases from bacillus species. | dna polymerases from bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus caldotenax, and bacillus caldovelox were purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and heparin-sepharose and obtained in high yield. the enzyme preparations are free of exo- and endonuclease activities. additional purification steps, e.g., hydrophobic interaction chromatography and chromatography on a mono q column or sucrose density gradient centrifugation, are needed to obtain the enzymes in the form of homogeneou ... | 1992 | 1320608 |
| reaction of cyanide with cytochrome ba3 from thermus thermophilus: spectroscopic characterization of the fe(ii)a3-cn.cu(ii)b-cn complex suggests four 14n atoms are coordinated to cub. | cytochrome ba3 from thermus thermophilus reacts slowly with excess hcn at ph 7.4 to create a form of the enzyme in which cua, cytochrome b, and cub remain oxidized, while cytochrome a3 is reduced by one electron, presumably with the formation of cyanogen. we have examined this form of the enzyme by uv-visible, resonance raman, epr, and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopies in conjunction with permutations of 13c- and 15n-labeled cyanide. the results support a model in which one cn- bi ... | 1992 | 1314380 |
| development of plasmid cloning vectors for thermus thermophilus hb8: expression of a heterologous, plasmid-borne kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase gene. | while several thermus genes have been cloned and t. thermophilus has been shown to be transformable, molecular genetic studies of these thermophiles have been hampered by the absence of selectable cloning vectors. we have constructed a selectable plasmid by random insertion of a heterologous gene encoding a thermostable kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase activity into a cryptic, multicopy plasmid from t. thermophilus hb8. this plasmid should serve as a suitable starting point for the development o ... | 1992 | 1311546 |
| cleavage efficiencies of model substrates for ribonuclease p from escherichia coli and thermus thermophilus. | we compared cleavage efficiencies of mono-molecular and bipartite model rnas as substrates for rnase p rnas (m1 rnas) and holoenzymes from e. coli and thermus thermophilus, an extreme thermophilic eubacterium. acceptor stem and t arm of pre-trna substrates are essential recognition elements for both enzymes. impairing coaxial stacking of acceptor and t stems and omitting the t loop led to reduced cleavage efficiencies. small model substrates were less efficiently cleaved by m1 rna and rnase p fr ... | 1992 | 1281315 |