Publications

effects of water-borne cadmium on the skin of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the skin of carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied at the ultrastructural level after exposure of the fish to low and high concentrations of cadmium in the water (22 and 560 micrograms/l, respectively) for different periods. the effects of the low concentration of cadmium were similar to those of the high concentration, although they appeared later. the basal lamina and the skin surface became highly undulating. chloride cells appeared between the pavement cells. necrotic pavement cells were seen fr ...	1994	8161232
localization of extratectally evoked visual response in the corpus and valvula cerebelli in carp, and cerebellar contribution to 'dorsal light reaction' behavior.	in carp with the optic tectum removed bilaterally, the optic nerve stimulation evoked a surface positive response on the cerebellum, which originated in the granular layer. in the corpus cerebelli, the response was composed of a single component, well localized at the rostromedial part, supporting previous electrophysiological and morphological findings. in the valvula cerebelli, on the other hand, the response consisted of two wave components of oligo-synaptic and poly-synaptic transmission. th ...	1993	8155291
[the protein level in bothriocephalus acheilognathi cestodes and their hosts, carp fingerlings, in experimental feeding and starving of the fish].		1993	8152846
isolation of a carp complement protein homologous to mammalian factor d.	factor d of carp (cyprinus carpio) complement was purified to apparent homogeneity by a 4-step chromatographic procedure and examined for physicochemical and functional properties. carp factor d proved to be an alpha-globulin with a molecular mass of 29 kda and the serum concentration was estimated to be 6 micrograms/ml. the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence (30 residues including five unidentified positions) of carp factor d showed high homologies (57-60%) to those of mammalian factor d. neither ...	1994	8152436
purification and characterization of urotensin ii from the brain of a teleost (trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and an elasmobranch (skate, raja rhina).	peptides related to urotensin ii have been isolated in pure form from an extract of whole brain of a teleost, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of an elasmobranch, the longnose skate (raja rhina). the primary structure of the trout peptide [gly-gly-asn-ser-glu-cys-phe-trp-lys-tyr-cys-val] is similar to that of urotensin ii peptides isolated from the urophyses of other teleost fish. for example, trout urotensin ii contains only one amino acid substitution (thr4-->ser) compared with urot ...	1993	8138107
distribution of free d-serine in vertebrate brains.	free d-serine distribution in vertebrate brains was investigated. in various brain regions of the lower vertebrate species, carp, frog and chick, free d-serine levels were low. on the contrary, in the mammals, mouse, rat and bull, the contents of free d-serine were high in the forebrain (around 400 nmol/g wet weight, and the ratio of d-serine to l-serine, was d/l = 0.4), and low in the hindbrain. in developing mice, d-serine levels in the cerebrum increased with age and attained the adult level ...	1994	8131079
carp parvalbumin binds to and directly interacts with the sarcoplasmic reticulum for ca2+ translocation.	interaction between two relaxing factors, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and parvalbumin, in carp fast skeletal muscle was investigated. immunoblotting using an anti-parvalbumin antibody revealed that parvalbumin bound to the light sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from carp fast skeletal muscle in the presence of ca2+. parvalbumin enhanced ca2+ uptake activity of the light sarcoplasmic reticulum. furthermore, using a photoreactive cross-linker, we detected a protein in the light sarcoplasmic reticulu ...	1994	8123046
dendrites of rod dominant on-bipolar cells are coupled by gap junctions in carp retina.	gap junctions are supposed to be the anatomical substrate for electrical coupling between neurons. in fish retina, bipolar cells are electrically coupled and their receptive field diameters are always larger than dendritic field size, however, gap junctions have not been described between dendrites of bipolar cells. in this paper, using immunostaining for protein kinase c, we show that every rod dominant on-bipolar cell is connected with its neighboring dendrites by gap junctions forming a plexu ...	1993	8121632
recent achievements in the chemotherapy of myxosporean infections of fish.	until quite recently, the therapy of fish diseases caused by myxosporeans has been an unsolved problem. fumagillin is the only effective drug which can be successfully applied against several myxosporeoses in the form of prolonged feeding. it has been used with good results against sphaerosporosis of common carp, hoferellosis of goldfish, myxidiosis of eel, and proliferative kidney disease, whirling disease and ceratomyxosis of salmonids. already a 4- to 6-day feeding of medicated diets containi ...	1993	8116501
polymorphism and estimation of the number of mhccyca class i and class ii genes in laboratory strains of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) have been identified in the mhc of the carp (mhccyca) using class i (cyca-z) and class ii (cyca-yb) specific probes. the k1-5 and k2-1 probes were obtained as pcr products after amplification of genomic dna from a european carp using primers deduced from genomic sequences, and were shown to be 90% and 80% similar to cyca-z exon 3 and cyca-yb exon 2 sequences, respectively. six carp strains of different geographical origins and genomic status were ...	2003	8099021
sensitivities of achatina giant neurones to peptides isolated from mollusca.	sensitivities of the achatina giant neurones to the peptides isolated from mollusca were examined by their local application of the pneumatic pressure ejection under current clamp. the peptides tested and their effects were as follows: ser2-mip (inhibitory). carp (inhibitory), oxytocin (excitatory), spcb (excitatory), alpha-bcp (no effect). elh (no effect). apgw-amide (inhibitory) and fmrfamide (inhibitory). membrane conductance (g) of a neurone, d-rpean, measured under voltage clamp, was unexpe ...	1993	8098562
immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptides in the oocyte.	1. the presence and partial characterization of immunoreactive anp (iranp) in eggs were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), immunohistochemistry and northern-blot hybridization in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. 2. serial dilution curves of egg extracts from frogs and freshwater teleostean fishes (silver crusian carp and loach) were parallel to the standard curve of atriopeptin iii. rat oocytes also contained iranp (25-30 pg/egg). 3. the hplc profile of iran ...	1993	8095876
growth hormone and gonadotropin secretion in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): in vitro interactions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and the dopamine agonist apomorphine.	the effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) and the superactive agonist [d-arg6, pro9net]-sgnrh (sgnrh-a) on growth hormone (gh) and gonadotropin (gth) release were examined using a perifusion system for pituitary fragments of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). perifusion of 2-min pulses of different concentrations of sgnrh or sgnrh-a stimulated a rapid and dose-dependent increase in gh release: ed50 values for sgnrh and sgnrh-a in stimulating gh release were 2.8 +/- 0.7 and 0.5 ...	1993	8094060
mimosine-induced cell death and related chromatin changes.	the non-protein amino acid mimosine has recently been shown to induce an unusual mode of cell death that differs from necrosis and apoptosis, the two fundamental schemes of cell death. the drug affects primarily the cell nucleus and induces first condensation of the chromatin into a regular network of fibrils and then gradual decondensation. the present study was performed to evaluate effective mimosine concentrations, time dependency of toxicity, and mimosine-related alterations of the chromati ...	1994	8087796
subunit structure of multiple hemoglobins in carp.	three hemoglobin components in carp designated ci, cii, and ciii, were isolated by deae-tokyo-pearl ion-exchange chromatography. constituent globin chains, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2, were analyzed by urea-triton acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isolated by high performance liquid chromatography with a reverse-phase column. tryptic peptide mapping indicated that the alpha-globin chains of the three hemoglobin components have slightly different structures. in addition, n-term ...	1993	8071464
anoxia and adenosine induce increased cerebral blood flow rate in crucian carp.	the crucian carp (carassius carassius) has the rare ability to survive prolonged anoxia, indicating an extraordinary capacity for glycolytic atp production, especially in a highly energy-consuming organ like the brain. for the brain to be able to increase its glycolytic flux during anoxia and profit from the large liver glycogen store, an increased glucose delivery from the blood would be expected. nevertheless, the effect of anoxia on brain blood flow in crucian carp has never been studied prev ...	1994	8067472
contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three michigan rivers. ii: implications for health of mink.	populations of mink (mustela vison) have declined in many areas of the world. such declines have been linked to exposures to synthetic, halogenated hydrocarbons. in the great lakes region, mink are fewer in areas along the shore of the great lakes and their tributaries where mink have access to fish from the great lakes. recently, there has been discussion of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on rivers in michigan. a hazard assessment was conducted to determine t ...	1994	8060165
contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three michigan rivers. i: concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury.	fishes of the great lakes contain hazardous chemicals such as synthetic halogenated hydrocarbons and metals. these fish can move from the lakes into the great lakes tributaries of michigan. in doing so, they transport concentrations of contaminants which may represent a risk to wildlife. concentrations of mercury (hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (tcdd-eq), total ddt complex, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lin ...	1994	8060164
structural order of membranes and composition of phospholipids in fish brain cells during thermal acclimatization.	a comparison of the structural orders of membranes of a mixed brain-cell population isolated from cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to either summer (23-25 degrees c) or winter (5 degrees c) revealed a high degree of compensation (80%) for temperature, as assayed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. the cells rapidly forget their thermal history and adjust the physical properties of the membranes when shifted to the other extreme of temperature either in vivo or in vitro. phospholipids separated ...	1994	8058786
creatine kinase, energy-rich phosphates and energy metabolism in heart muscle of different vertebrates.	maximal activities of creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase and total concentrations of creatine and phosphorylated adenylates were measured in cardiac muscle of hagfish, eight teleost species, frog, turtle, pigeon and rat. the ratio of creatine kinase to cytochrome oxidase with cytochrome oxidase as a rough estimate of aerobic capacity and cellular "energy turnover", was increased in myocardia of hagfish, turtle and crucian carp. these myocardia are likely to be frequently exp ...	1994	8056878
characterisation of immunoglobulin-binding leucocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	this study demonstrates the immunoglobulin(ig)-binding capacity of ig-positive carp macrophages employing immunofluorescence and immunogold methods. these methods allow for the characterisation of the ig-binding cells. after internalisation of fluorescent- or gold-labelled ig (30 min at room temperature), most macrophages from the hindgut were able to bind added purified carp ig, which could be demonstrated clearly with a second fluorescent or gold label. in pronephros, an important haemopoietic ...	1994	8050616
[activity of lysosomal proteinases in carb tissue in aeromonas infection].	the activity of major lysosomal proteinases (cathepsins b and d) increased in carp tissues infested with aeromonas hydrophila. the value and character of changes in the activity of cathepsins depended on the degree of infestation and the physiological state of fishes (normally fed or starved).	1994	8047538
phylogenetic and ontogenetic study of neuropeptide y-containing nerves in the liver.	the distribution of neuropeptide y was investigated by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry in the liver of various vertebrates including the eel, carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, dog, monkey and human. the ontogenetic development of neuropeptide y was also studied in the mouse liver. in all species examined except the eel, neuropeptide y-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibres. in the carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse and rat, positive fibr ...	1994	8045785
toxicity identification evaluations for the investigation of fish kills: a case study.	a large fish-kill was observed in the river tajo during the spring-summer of 1991. the mortality was first detected between aranjuez and toledo, affecting several fish species. then it was slowly going downstream, affecting only carp (cyprinus carpio), reaching the spanish-portuguese border several months later. short-term toxicity tests on daphnia magna and in vitro cytotoxicity tests on rtg-2 cells were used as toxicity monitoring systems in water samples and different water fractions. the fis ...	1994	8044634
characterization of gamma-crystallins from a hybrid teleostean fish: multiplicity of isoforms as revealed by cdna sequence analysis.	gamma-crystallins were isolated and characterized from the eye lenses of a hybrid species belonging to the teleostean fish. isoelectric focusing of gamma-crystallin fraction obtained from gel-permeation chromatography revealed that it consists of multiple charge isomers of a protein species with a molecular mass of about 20 kda. to facilitate the cloning of gamma-crystallin gene, cdna was constructed from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction ...	1994	8037758
effect of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride on gonadal function and its regulation in sexually mature common carp cyprinus carpio.	gonadal function in fish, cyprinus carpio was significantly affected by sublethal doses of mercuric chloride (hgcl2) and cadmium chloride (cdcl2) in chronic (45 days) exposure. parameters investigated were nonesterified (ne) and esterified (e) cholesterol of ovary, liver and serum and ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity and serum and pituitary gonadotropin (gth) levels. both the pollutants were able to reduce the hypothalamic extract (he) or gon ...	1994	8024715
insulin binding and receptor tyrosine kinase activity in skeletal muscle of carnivorous and omnivorous fish.	we characterized the insulin receptors in skeletal muscle from several fish species with different nutritional preferences: brown trout (salmo trutta fario), gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), tilapia (tilapia mossambica), and carp (cyprinus carpio), semipurified by affinity chromatography (wheat germ agglutinin-agarose). total specific binding and number of receptors per unit weight of piscine white skeletal muscle were lower than those values found in mammalian skeletal muscle. the same param ...	1994	8024051
[structure analysis of the mitochondrial trna(cys) gene and the original region of light-strand replication from carp].	in this study, we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the cysteine trna gene and the original region of light-strand replication from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) mitochondrion, which were further represented respectively in cloverleaf secondary structure and stem loop structure. by comparing the nucleotide sequences of 5 vertebrate trna(cys) genes, it is found that carp mitochondrial trna(cys) gene have many unusual structural features differing from those of cytoplasmic trna(cys) gene. th ...	1993	8023638
immunocytochemical study on biologically active neurosubstances in daughter sporocysts and cercariae of trichobilharzia ocellata and schistosoma mansoni.	immunocytochemical techniques applied to sections and whole-mount preparations of cercariae from two species of trematodes, trichobilharzia ocellata and schistosoma mansoni, revealed the occurrence of immunoreactivity (ir) to several neurosubstances in the nervous system (ns). immunostaining was localized in cerebral ganglia, in the main commissure, in anterior and posterior nerve trunks, as well as in a pair of nerve fibres running along the tail. in t. ocellata, immunoreactivity (ir) was obser ...	1994	8022656
studies on the toxic and immunosuppressive effects of cadmium on the common carp.	in the last couple of decades, research on cadmium extended from its toxicologic aspects to its role in environmental pollution. the toxicity of cadmium to different species of fish varies widely. the cadmium sensitivity of batches of common carp, the most important cultured fish species of hungary, was studied. lethality, histopathologic changes and effect of cadmium on the antibody response, lysozyme level and microbicidal capacity were monitored. wide variation was found in individual sensiti ...	1993	8017244
subunit structures of multiple hemoglobins in carp.		1994	8014260
properties of the 'neutral zone' explain polarity of retinal spreading depression.	retinal spreading depression was evoked using low cl- ringer's solution and the concomitant field potentials (spreading depression potential; sdp) were recorded. the polarity of the transretinally recorded sdps was not consistent among animal species. the sdps recorded from carp and frog were receptor side negative, while chick and cat induced receptor side positive sdps. according to the k+ hypothesis, the retinal sdp is generated by müller cells responding to an increase in the extracellular k ...	1994	8008248
cloning and characterization of the european seabass, dicentrarchus labrax, mitochondrial genome.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the european seabass, dicentrarchus labrax, has been cloned and characterized. its gene organization was deduced by a comparison of the sequenced termini of different subclones obtained from european seabass mtdna to the completely-sequenced mtdnas from carp and freshwater loach. the difference in genome size between the european seabass mtdna (approximately 18 kb) and most of the other characterized fish mtdnas (approximately 16.5 kb) is accounted for by the displ ...	1994	8001168
parasexual crosses and hybrid selection with a near haploid variant of the epithelioma papulosum cyprini, cell line epc: a tissue culture model for the analyses of dominance, recessiveness, and complementation of mutant phenotypes.	we describe techniques for insertional mutagenesis of tissue-cultured piscine cells in which we use transfection with g418 and hygromycin b resistance-conferring plasmids, cell matings by electrofusion, and positive selections of fusion hybrids by dual challenge with the antibiotics g418 and hygromycin b. these techniques are designed to facilitate genetic and molecular analyses of tissue-cultured cells. the experiments were conducted with epc-1, a new variant of the carp epithelioma cyprini cel ...	1994	8000480
differential effects of temperature on macrophages of ectothermic vertebrates.	the role of macrophages in vertebrate defense reactions is especially important at low temperatures, which commonly affect representatives of ectothermic species. the aim of this work was to compare the effects of in vivo thermal acclimation and in vitro assay temperatures on peritoneal macrophages (pms) from fish (carp and goldfish) and amphibians (salamanders and toads). the substratum adherence of pms was undisturbed over the wide range of temperatures experienced by animals in nature. dehydr ...	1994	7996049
dnase-i-like enzyme from the carp liver--inhibition by muscle and endogenous actin.	1. dnase-i-like activity occurs in the carp (cyprinus carpio) liver cytosol (supernatant 105,000 g). 2. the enzyme resembles dnase i from bovine pancreas in respect to the molecular mass (approximately 31 kda), ph (7.4) and ion requirements (mg2+, ca2+) and the ability to degrade native as well as denatured dna. 3. as judged by comparison of dnase zymograms obtained after native- and sds-page, the enzyme occurs in the three molecular forms of similar molecular weight and different charges. 4. al ...	1994	7988739
divergent selection for antibody production in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using gynogenesis.	a base population (n = 101) of carp, consisting of a single hybrid cross, was immunized with the hapten-carrier complex dnp-klh, to perform a divergent selection for antibody response. measurement of the dnp-specific antibody response at 12 and 21 days postimmunization, allowed the classification of a low number of individual carp as early/high (10%) or late/low (13%) responders. three individuals defined as early/high and three defined as late/low responding, were gynogenetically reproduced to ...	1994	7985841
ultrastructure of nonspecific cytotoxic cells in teleosts. i. effector-target cell binding in a marine and a freshwater species (seabream: sparus aurata l., and carp: cyprinus carpio l.).	fish cytotoxic effectors form a cell population whose ultrastructure and properties of conjugation with target cells have not been completely established. we report the ultrastructure of the nonspecific cytotoxic cells in a seawater teleost (sparus aurata l.) and compare it to a freshwater species (cyprinus carpio l.).	1994	7978369
muscle glucose utilization during sustained swimming in the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the involvement of circulatory glucose in the energy provision of skeletal muscle and heart of swimming carp was examined. plasma glucose concentration varied from 3 to 17 mm among individual carp, and estimates of glucose turnover rate (rt) were positively correlated with plasma glucose level in resting fish (range 1.6-6.3 mumol.min-1.kg-1) and in swimming fish (range 4.2-10.7 mumol.min-1.kg-1). carp that were exercised at 80% of their critical swimming speed displayed a twofold higher rt at an ...	1994	7977849
does a natural dnase-actin complex exist in the carp liver cytosol?		1994	7976016
immunocytochemical analysis of mitogen responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) peripheral blood leucocytes.	phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) responses of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sig+) and surface immunoglobulin-negative (sig-) carp peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) were studied. sig+ cell-enriched and depleted carp pbl populations (sig+ and sig- cell fractions, respectively) were obtained by magnetic cell sorting (macs) and mitogenic stimulation in vitro was measured by 3h-thymidine incorporation. the mitogen responses of sig+ and sig- cells in non-separated carp pbl cul ...	1994	7975192
similarities and differences between fish oligodendrocytes and schwann cells in vitro.	in light of the striking differences between oligodendrocytes of the optic nerve/tract of adult goldfish and their mammalian counterparts, a further characterization of goldfish oligodendrocytes was performed. a comparison with schwann cells was included because fish optic nerve/tract-derived oligodendrocytes bear remarkable similarities to this type of glial cell. fish optic nerve/tract-derived oligodendrocytes that had differentiated into 04 and 6d2-positive cells and thus expressed early myel ...	1994	7960034
giant catfish pangasianodon gigas growth hormone-encoding cdna: cloning and sequencing by one-sided polymerase chain reaction.	cdna clones encoding giant catfish (pangasianodon gigas) growth hormone (gh) have been isolated using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) strategy. pairwise combinations of degenerate and general primers allowed for the amplification of regions both 3' and 5' to the point of entry into the message. the amplified pcr products were cloned and sequenced. the cdna sequence was found to encode a polypeptide of 200 amino acids (aa), including a putative signal peptide of 22 aa. the 5' and 3' untranslate ...	1994	7959001
immunodetection of the ribosomal transcription factor ubf at the nucleolus organizer regions of fish cells.	a human autoimmune serum to nucleolus organizer regions (nors) has been used to localize these structures at the light microscopic level in carp and trout tissue culture cells. in interphase cells, the immunofluorescence pattern indicates that the nors autoantigens are contained exclusively within the nucleolus of carp epithelial (epc) and trout gonad (rtg) cells. this fluorescence is punctuate rather than uniform, and presumably represents transcriptional complexes of ribosomal dna. during mito ...	1994	7954874
prolactin gene expression and changes of prolactin pituitary level during the seasonal acclimatization of the carp.	the effect of seasonal acclimatization on the extent of prolactin (prl) gene expression and on the content of this was studied in summer- and winter-carp (cyprinus carpio) hormone pituitary glands. prl content in the rostral pars distalis (rpd) was evaluated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against a cross-linked synthetic peptide comprising the sequence of 15 amino acids which conform to the primary structure of carp prl. to assess the level of prl gene transcription, a 24-mer synthetic ...	1994	7953074
monoclonal antibodies against goldfish (carassius auratus) immunoglobulin: application to the quantification of immunoglobulin and antibody-secreting cells by elispot and seric immunoglobulin and antibody levels by elisa in carp (cyprinus carpio).	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against heavy and light chains of goldfish immunoglobulin (ig) were characterized by a western blot technique. a complete cross-reactivity was observed between carp and goldfish ig. these mabs were used for the quantification of carp ig and anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies by elisa. an elispot assay was also developed in carp to quantify ig-secreting cells (isc) and antibody-secreting cells (asc). the number of asc was maximum on day 18 post-vaccination and de ...	1994	7951348
alternate-day steroids affect carpal maturation more than radius, ulna and short bones.	radius, ulna, short bones (rus) and carpal (carp) bone age were assessed in 26 steroid-dependent nephrotic boys after at least 1 year of alternate-day prednisone therapy, and in 26 age- and sex-matched control subjects. no significant difference in rus bone age was found between patients and controls. carp bone age of patients was significantly (p = 0.01) more retarded than in controls. in patients, carp bone age delay was related to their relative height at the time of study (p = 0.01). we conc ...	1994	7947042
role of the atrial natriuretic peptide for adrenal regulation in the teleost fish cyprinus carpio.	the biological role of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) for the adrenal tissue of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio, the carp, was investigated using in vitro autoradiography to study anp binding sites, immunohistochemistry to localize anp-like peptides, and in vitro perifusion to measure adrenal cortisol and catecholamine release. 125i-labeled rat anp-(99-126) [125i-ranp-(99-126)] binding was present in adrenal tissue exhibiting positive cooperativity with a half-maximal binding concentration (e ...	1994	7943413
spring viraemia of carp.		1994	7941273
cloning of a growth hormone from a primitive bony fish and its phylogenetic relationships.	growth hormone (gh), prolactin, and their relatives constitute a multigene family which is considered to have evolved from a common ancestor. the structural and functional domains of gh appear to be highly conserved among vertebrates. in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among ghs in the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii, we have cloned and sequenced gh from the pituitary of the primitive bony fish, amia calva. bony fishes (teleosts) and amia (halecomorphi) are purported sister- ...	1994	7926657
[relationship between the glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase pathways of detoxification of exogenous ammonia in fish].	regularities of adaptation reactions of detoxication of exogenic ammonium in fish have been established. under the pre-threshold level of the toxicant concentration level (0.05 mg/l) the function of the detoxication process is performed at the level of glutamine synthetase reaction mainly catalyzed by the enzyme cytoplasmatic form. the inhibition of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of the carp muscle glutamine synthetase by the mixed type was revealed under the effect of over-threshold c ...	2015	7914038
cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in retinal müller glial cells: implications for dl-alpha-aminoadipate toxicity.	a cytotoxicity of glutamate or related amino acids (10 mm) mediated by a cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc) has recently been demonstrated in n18 neuroblastoma-rat retina hybrid (n18re105) cells and c6 glioma cells. the antiporter usually transports glutamate outside and cystine inside, thereby maintaining cellular concentrations of glutathione. high concentrations of glutamate inhibit cystine uptake and lead to depletion of cellular levels of glutathione. among related amino acids, dl-alp ...	1993	7906874
oral administration of insulin in winter-acclimatized carp (cyprinus carpio) induces hepatic ultrastructural changes.	1. the intestinal absorption of insulin in carps was assessed examining the transepithelial passage of ingested gold-labeled hormone by electron microscopy. insulin transfer occurred mainly through the intercellular spaces between the enterocytes. 2. when reaching the lamina propria, the gold-labeled hormone gathered predominantly around the granules of the granular cells, and therefore can enter the circulatory system via the blood capillaries which are found in close contact with these cells. ...	1993	7906626
relationships among ryanodine receptor isoforms expressed in vertebrate skeletal muscles based on immunologic cross-reactivities.	to clarify the relationship among ryanodine receptor isoforms from skeletal muscles of various vertebrates (alpha- and beta-isoforms with smaller and larger mobilities on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively), we examined the cross-reactivities of those receptors from 13 animal species by western blot analysis, using specific polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against the bullfrog alpha- and beta-isoforms. anti-beta-isoform antibody showed positive reactions against skeletal ...	1994	7896740
[the effect of the duration of methoxyethylmercury acetate exposure on the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].	the purpose of this work was to study possible hematological changes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) which might be induced by the experimental poisoning with metoxyethylmercury acetate which is used as fungicide. the experimental group of fishes was exposed to the named substance which was mixed with the feed during three weeks. the total lymphocytes number decreased in experimental group already at 7th day (p < 0.01), and remained almost at the same level, but considerably lower than the experime ...	1994	7895626
differences in the thermal stability of acclimation temperature-associated types of carp myosin and its rod on differential scanning calorimetry.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was employed for studying the thermal unfolding of myosin and its rod part prepared from carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. differences in the thermal stability reflecting structural properties were clearly demonstrated by the dsc data obtained at ph 8.0 in 0.6 m kcl for the two types of carp myosin and rod. the transition temperatures on myosin and rod given by the major peaks for the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp were 33.9 and 47.4 degrees c and 33.0 ...	1995	7893723
temperature acclimation induces light meromyosin isoforms with different primary structures in carp fast skeletal muscle.	carp acclimated to 10 degrees c gave 69k, 66k, and 62kda light meromyosin (lmm) fragments in sds-page, while fish acclimated to 30 degrees c gave 74k, 69k, 66k, and 62kda fragments. the microsequence analysis revealed that the 69k and 66kda components from the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp contained an n-terminal amino acid sequence different from that of 62kda. the four fragments from the 30 degrees c-acclimated carp showed the same sequence as that of the 69k and 66kda components from the 10 de ...	1995	7887920
myosin subfragment-1 isoforms having different heavy chain structures from fast skeletal muscle of thermally acclimated carp.	three heavy chain isoforms of chymotryptic myosin subfragment-1 (s1) with different molecular sizes of 96 kda (h1), 94 kda (h2), and 92 kda (h3), were detected in the fast skeletal muscle from thermally acclimated carp. in total, six s1 isoforms were present, including two s1 isoforms for each heavy chain due to associated a1 and a2 light chains. h1 heavy chain was dominant in the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp and responsible for high acto-s1 mg(2+)-atpase activity and low thermostability. in con ...	1994	7883745
response of ig-positive cells to goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa) infections in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the kinetics of ig-positive cell populations in carp tissues was followed during an infection with the gut dwelling coccidian goussia carpelli léger et stankovich, 1921. in cell suspensions of the anterior and posterior sections of the intestine, the proportion of ig-positive cells increased with the development of the coccidia and peaked during oocyst formation at day 15 post exposure. these results suggest a reaction of the local mucosal immune system. in cell suspensions of pronephros the pro ...	1994	7883249
[the perceptive color space in the carp (carpio cyprinus l.)].	discrimination of colours was studied using choice conditioning paradigm (one of a pair of colour stimuli) in carps. matrix of probabilities of instrumental reactions (catching a bead) was constructed by the results of eight experimental sessions with successive reinforcement of one of the eight colours. it was processed by factor analysis. the spherical structure of carp's perceptual colour space revealed by factor analysis was similar to that of monkeys and humans. four eigenvectors which cons ...	1994	7879429
the regulatory region and transcription factor required for the expression of rat and salmon pituitary hormone-encoding genes show cell-type and species specificity.	the promoter regions of the genes encoding the rat and chum salmon growth hormones (gh) and rat prolactin (prl) were combined with a reporter gene and introduced into gh- and/or prl-producing cells from rat. the rat gh and prl promoters (pgh and pprl, respectively) were most active in cells producing gh and prl, respectively. the activity of the salmon pgh was much less than that of the rat pgh in rat gh-producing cells. the regulatory region required for cell-type-specific gene expression of pi ...	1995	7875599
two c-myc genes from a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	two c-myc genes have been isolated from a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the nucleotide (nt) sequences of the two genes and their flanking regions (cam1, 8675 bp and cam2, 5784 bp) have been determined. both genes contain two coding exons which are homologs of c-myc exons 2 and 3 in higher vertebrates. the nt sequence homologous to c-myc exon 1 of higher vertebrates has not been found. carp cam1 and cam2 presumably encode peptides of 394 and 401 amino acids (aa), respectivel ...	1995	7875594
effect of sublethal concentration of mercury and zinc on the energetics of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio (linnaeus).	exposure of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio to the sublethal concentration of mercury (0.1 mg l-1) and zinc (6.0 mg l-1) resulted in distinct changes in the energy metabolism of gill, liver and muscle at 1, 15 and 30 days. the changes were: (a) the rate of oxygen consumption and sdh activity decreased in the organs of mercury-exposed fish at all the three exposure periods in the order 1 > 15 < 30 days. whereas, an increase was observed in these parameters in the organs of zinc-exposed fish in ...	1993	7871926
[assisted living: possibilities, limits and architectural requirements--considerations from the viewpoint of an architect with ecopsychological orientation].	in germany, existing experiences with "sheltered housing" are not sufficient in order to precisely define the role of this new type of housing the aged within the overall network of care for the elderly. first, this article provides an overview of how different the needs for help in old age can be, and which types of supportive environments and services fit to different situations. in this context the potential and the limits of the "sheltered home" concept are described. second, based on some p ...	2009	7871868
up-regulation of insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle by high insulin levels.	the effects of insulin titres on regulation of receptor binding were studied in several fish species. insulin receptors were semi-purified by affinity chromatography (wga-agarose) from skeletal muscle of carp, brown trout and rainbow trout that had been subjected to increases in insulinemia produced either by arginine injection, food administration, or adaptation to an experimental diet (extruded diet with high-digestibility carbohydrates). arginine injection provoked acute hyperinsulinemia in b ...	1994	7846297
development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon insulin-like growth factor-i.	a specific homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for measurement of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in plasma of salmonid and a few non-salmonid fish species was developed using recombinant coho salmon igf-i (rsigf-i) as tracer and standard, and antiserum against this peptide raised in rabbits. the minimum detection level of igf-i was 1.5 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in a range from 1.5 to 23 ng/ml. no cross-reaction was detected in the salmon igf-i ria with mammalian growth factors, salmon ...	1994	7843563
molecular cloning of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) rhodopsin cdna.	a recombinant phage clone containing a 1584 nucleotides rhodopsin cdna was screened from a carp retinal cdna library. the inserted dna consisting of a single open reading frame of 1062 nucleotides at positions 72 to 1133 encodes a 354 amino acid polypeptide. the deduced amino acid sequence of carp rhodopsin showed 95.7, 85.5 and 74.4% identity with that of goldfish, sand goby and lamprey, respectively. the sites of palmitoylation, glycosylation, disulfide bond formation and schiff base formation ...	1994	7842230
immunocytochemical localization of granulin-1 to mononuclear phagocytic cells of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus.	a new class of low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich regulatory growth factors, designated granulins, has been isolated from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio) and structurally characterized. granulin-1, the predominant form found in carp spleen, was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and to establish a radioimmunoassay. this permitted preliminary tissue distribution studies of granulin-1 to be undertaken in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus). ...	1995	7829976
[ambiphrya ameiuri (ciliophora: peritricha): its ultrastructure and distribution on the body of carp fry].	the mass infection of larvae and youngsters of carp fishes with the peritrichoid ambiphrya ameiuri has been recorded in natural condition in the rybinsk water reservoir. the uneven localisation of ambiphyrans on the body surface has been observed on the hosts blicca bjorkna and abramis brama. most high density of parasites was on the breast, back and tail fins. the morphological variability of ambiphyrans in dependence upon their localisation on the fish body has been observed. details being sig ...	1994	7824286
the occurrence of neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains.	neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats were recognized in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains. many large-sized neurons had strongly negatively charged surface coats in the visual cortex and brain stem of the cow, cat, guinea pig, mouse, quail and parakeet. such neurons were also seen in the brain stem of the lower vertebrates such as the house lizard, japanese terrapin, bullfrog, newt, carp and sweetfish.	1994	7817774
[transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the extensor carp radialis tendon in wrist flexion deformity in cerebral palsy].	the flexion deformity of the wrist in cerebral palsy is quite common, carrying disability to the effective use of the hands. from 1980 to 1990, 36 transferences of the pronator teres to the extensor carpi radialis were reviewed. the authors describe the operative technique by a unique incision, that may be used in cerebral palsy, and conclude that it is a good method for correction of deformity.	2006	7817107
seasonal and temperature-induced changes in myosin heavy chain composition of crucian carp hearts.	myosin heavy chain isoforms of the ventricular myocardium from crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) hearts were analyzed in different times of the year by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [k. a. esser, m. o. boluyt, and t. p. white, am. j. physiol. 255 (heart circ. physiol. 24): h659-h663, 1988]. in winter only one myosin heavy chain type was present, but in summer about one-half of the winter myosin was replaced by more slowly moving summer myosin. the occurre ...	1994	7810767
survey of the paratenic hosts of anguillicola crassus in lake velence, hungary.	anguillicola crassus infection of paratenic hosts was investigated in lake velence, hungary, in october 1992. a total of 155 specimens of 8 species (gymnocephalus cernuus, lepomis gibbosus, stizostedion lucioperca, abramis brama, alburnus alburnus, cyprinus carpio, pseudorasbora parva and rutilus rutilus) were examined: all species proved to be infected. there were large differences in the prevalence of infection among fishes, but the prevalence was generally higher in perciform fishes and it wa ...	1994	7810405
[determination of total arsenic in food by borohydride reduction colorimetric method].	a method for determination of total arsenic in food by borohydride reduction colorimetry is presented. after samples' digestion, the arsenic is converted into trivalent arsenic by ki-thiourea under heating when the solution's acidity is more than 1.0mol/l. trivalent arsenic is then reduced by sodium borohydride to arsine gas which can react with agno3 in absorbing solution to form a yellow substance whose maximum absorption wavelength is 400nm. the method was applied to the determination of tota ...	1994	7806208
effects of prolactin and fish pituitary extract on plasma calcium levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of prolactin (prl) from both mammalian and piscine sources on plasma calcium levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio, were investigated. injections of ovine prolactin (oprl) or homologous fish pituitary extract or partially purified prolactin of murrel, channa punctatus pituitary (mprl), caused significant increases in total and ultrafiltrable plasma calcium. larger hypercalcemic responses were observed in fish kept in high-calcium fresh water and normal tap water than in fish in low- ...	1995	7789747
[amino acid neurotransmitter receptors of carp brain expressed in amphibian oocytes].	gaba receptor and inotropic glutamate receptors were expressed in amphibian oocytes and studied with the voltage-clamp technique and pharmacological method after injection of mrna from carp (carassius carassius) brains. it was found that about 90% of the response to gaba was mediated by gabaa receptor, but there was also about 10% of the response which was insensitive to bicuculline, a selective antagonist to gabaa receptor, baclofen, a selective agonist to gabab receptor, had no effect on the i ...	1995	7784891
abundant insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptor binding in fish skeletal muscle.	insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptors were quantified in glycoprotein fractions prepared by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose affinity chromatography from skeletal muscle of several species of salmonid fish and carp. insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle was lower than insulin binding found in rat. igf-1-specific binding was two- to sixfold higher than insulin binding (16.0 +/- 3.0 versus 5.8 +/- 0.75%/50 micrograms glycoprotein in brown trout, 15.5 +/- 0.9 versus 2.2 +/- 0.5% ...	1995	7781961
distribution of catch-relaxing peptide (carp)-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of helix pomatia.	immunocytochemistry was performed on the nervous system of helix by the use of an antibody raised against a myotropic neuropeptide, the catch-relaxing peptide (carp), isolated from mytilus edulis. in each ganglion of the central nervous system of helix pomatia, numerous carp-immunoreactive cell bodies and a dense immunoreactive fiber system could be observed with a dominancy in the cerebral and pedal ganglia. the majority of the immunoreactive neurons are unipolar, although multipolar neurons al ...	1995	7781031
distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity in the taste organs of teleost fish and frog.	using immunohistochemistry, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) was visualized in taste bud cells of the carp, cyprinus carpio, and the european catfish, silurus glanis, by means of light and electron microscopy. intracellular membrane systems, presumably smooth endoplasmic reticulum, of light (sensory) cells, but not of dark (supporting) cells and basal cells, were densely labelled with antibody. in the frog (four species: rana temporaria, r. ridibunda, r. arvalis, r. pipiens), taste bud cells ...	1995	7775201
effect of arterially infused catecholamines and insulin on plasma glucose and free fatty acids in carp.	common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), kept at 20 degrees c, were fitted with an indwelling pe-50 cannula in the dorsal aorta. hormones dissolved in ringer saline were arterially infused at a rate of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for epinephrine (epi), 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for norepinephrine (ne), and 1.33 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for insulin. infusion of bovine insulin in carp resulted in a long lasting (24 h) decrease of plasma free fatty acids (ffa; -0.41 +/- 0.06 mm) and glucose levels (-3.14 +/- 0.25 m ...	1995	7771575
relationship between sperm atp content and motility of carp spermatozoa.	carp spermatozoa are immotile in seminal plasma or in saline solution of high osmolality (> 400 mosmol kg-1). these 'quiescent' spermatozoa initiate a progressive forward motility when transferred in freshwater or in saline solution with low osmolality (< 160 mosmol kg-1). in this study we investigated 'in vitro' the relationship between sperm atp content (measured by bioluminescence) and sperm motility (analysed by videomicroscopy). sperm atp content remained high in the immobilizing medium (20 ...	1995	7769016
a myomodulin-carp-related peptide isolated from a polychaete annelid, perinereis vancaurica.	myomodulin-carp-family peptides have been isolated only from molluscs. in the present study, a heptapeptide, ala-met-gly-met-leu-arg-met-nh2, termed pev-myomodulin, was isolated from a polychaete annelid, perinereis vancaurica using the esophagus of the animal as the bioassay system. the sequence of the annelid peptide is highly homologous with those of the myomodulin-carp-family peptides found in molluscs. the annelid peptide is regarded as a member of the myomodulin-carp family, though all the ...	1994	7765183
production of a biologically active recombinant teleostean growth hormone in e. coli cells.	we have isolated and characterized several recombinant lambda phage clones carrying growth hormone (gh) cdna of striped bass (morone saxatilis). nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of sbgh was determined from a recombinant clone carrying the longest cdna insert. the sbgh cdna encodes a pre-hormone of 204 amino acid residues. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of sbgh with those of other vertebrates revealed different degrees of sequence identity: approximately ...	1995	7758842
[the electroretinogram of the dark-adapted intact carp carpio cyprinus l. to color substitution].	electroretinogram b-wave was studied in intact carp using instantaneous substitution of monochromatic stimulus for another one in the range of 404-681 nm. it was shown that the amplitude of the b-wave as a function of the wavelength was good approximated by the spectrum of a scotopic pigment (porphiropsin) with the absorbtion maximum near 530 nm. the amplitude of the b-wave recorded during alternation of different monochromatic stimuli was determined only by their intensity differences and the l ...	2006	7754686
comparative inhibition patterns of adenylate kinases from mammals, bird, fish and microorganisms.	the s8 inhibitions of aks from six different sources were studied in mammals, birds, fish, and a microorganism. all aks tested were inhibited by s8. except for carp, all inhibited aks from those tested were reactivated by dtt. inhibitions of aks by other hydrophobic inhibitors, nem, butanol and ethanol were also studied. the inhibitions by s8 suggest that the hydrophobic pockets in the aks cover a wide phylogenetic range. all inhibitions by s8 are reactivated by dtt. unlike the inhibitions by s8 ...	1994	7749617
development of position-independent expression vectors and their transfer into transgenic fish.	many genes have been transferred into fish for scientific and aquacultural purposes. we have been developing expression vectors containing regulatory sequences from the carp beta-actin gene enhancer/promoter for expression of genes or cdnas in transgenic fish. expression from these vectors varies over a 20-fold range in zebrafish, beginning within 12 hours of fertilization and continuing for at least two weeks. expression can be found in nearly all tissues. the vectors have the following charact ...	1995	7749466
on the role of the escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf) in repression at a distance of the pyrimidine specific promoter p1 of the carab operon.	binding of integration host factor to its target site, centered around nucleotide -305 upstream of the transcription startpoint, exerts antagonistic effects on the expression of p1, the upstream pyrimidine specific promoter of the e coli and s typhimurium carab operons. ihf stimulates p1 promoter activity in minimal medium, but also increases the repressibility of this promoter by pyrimidines. we present evidence strongly suggesting that ihf exerts these effects by modulating the binding of anot ...	1994	7748925
interstitial deletion of 8q21-->22 associated with minor anomalies, congenital heart defect, and dandy-walker variant.	we describe an infant with a deletion of 8q21-->22 who had distinct clinical manifestations including minor facial anomalies, a congenital heart defect, a dandy-walker variant, and mild to moderate developmental delay. her facial characteristics included small, wide-spaced eyes, asymmetric bilateral epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, a "carp-shaped" mouth, micrognathia, and prominent, apparently low-set ears. three other reports describe children with larger proximal deletions of 8q that in ...	1995	7747796
cyclic amp-reactive proteins in human saliva.	this study was conducted to compare cyclic amp-reactive proteins (carp), the secretory form of regulatory (r) subunits of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka), and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) activity in human whole saliva with that of parotid fluid. additionally, experiments were done to determine whether secretory carp is altered by environmental stimuli. earlier work showed that r subunits are present in parotid fluid and in salivary glands of rats. no previous information ...	1994	7741656
structure-activity relationship of phenolic compounds (phenol, pyrocatechol and hydroquinone) on natural lymphocytotoxicity of carp (cyprinus carpio).	we have tested the effects of phenol and two diphenols (pyrocatechol and hydroquinone) on a non-specific immune response, i.e. the natural cytotoxic activity, of the carp. after a 12-day exposure of fish, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, hydroquinone appeared to exert the most immunotoxic effect in vivo. in vitro, after a preincubation of 1 h, phenol (10(-2) m), pyrocatechol (4.25 x 10(-4) m) and hydroquinone (4.25 x 10(-5) m) decreased the natural cytotoxic activity of lymphoid cell suspension. ...	1995	7740548
two types of mitochondria are evidenced by protein kinase c immunoreactivity in the müller cells of the carp retina.	the localization of protein kinase c (pkc) was studied immunocytochemically in the müller cells of the carp retina. electron microscope immunocytochemistry (using a monoclonal antibody to the alpha and beta isoenzymes of pkc) showed pkc-immunoreactivity mainly inside some mitochondria, especially along the mitochondrial cristae whereas other mitochondria in the same müller cells showed no staining. despite a detailed analysis we did not find any significant morphological difference between label ...	1995	7739794
dietary exposure of mink to carp from saginaw bay, michigan. 1. effects on reproduction and survival, and the potential risks to wild mink populations.	carp (cyprinus carpio) collected from saginaw bay, michigan, containing 8.4 mg total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg and 194 ng of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (teqs)/kg, were substituted for marine fish at levels of 0, 10, 20, or 40% in the diets of adult ranch mink (mustela vison). the diets, containing 0.015, 0.72, 1.53, and 2.56 mg pcbs/kg diet, or 1.03, 19.41, 40.02, and 80.76 ng teqs/kg diet, respectively, were fed to mink prior to and throughout the reproductive pe ...	1995	7726645
experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish.	in 1984 a disease of fish appeared in israel which spread rapidly in cultured fishponds. the disease affected tilapia (oreochromis aura x oreochromis nilotica hybrids) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). common carp (cyprinus carpus), although reared in community with tilapia were not susceptible to the disease. various species of ornamental cyprinids and cichlids were also affected. morbidity was high and mortality ranged between 50% (in trout) and 30% (in tilapia). clinical and pathological findi ...	1995	7716882
[the nutritive value of carp (cyprinus carpio)].	from january 1991 to february 1992 the composition of filleted carps was investigated. special attention was given to a possible correlation to origin and season. the gutted, fresh fish were weighted and only the fillets were used for the investigation. all samples were analysed in duplicate by official methods. the results showed that the protein concentration ranged between 13.0 and 21.9%, the lipids content ranged between 0.3 and 23.9%, moisture ranged between 59.8 and 84.2%, and ash content ...	1994	7716745
hypothalamic and thyroidal regulation of growth hormone in tilapia.	a radioimmunoassay (ria) for recombinant tilapia growth hormone (gh) was established and validated. the ability of various hypothalamic factors to regulate gh secretion in the tilapia hybrid (oreochromis niloticus x oreochromis aureus) was studied. somatostatin1-14 (srif1-14; 10-100 micrograms/kg) was found to reduce circulating gh levels in a dose-dependent manner. srif1-14 (0.1-1000 nm) inhibited gh release from perifused pituitary fragments (ed50 0.83 nm). human growth hormone-releasing hormo ...	1995	7713377
ecopathology in aquaculture: risk factors in infectious disease outbreak.	this paper describes a study of the risk factors associated with disease outbreaks in fish species of fish farms and rivers of north-east spain. we focused our work on the isolation of fish pathogens (bacteria, virus), the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological quality) and management characteristics. we have observed 2 important viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis and spring viraemia of carp, and 2 important bacterial ones, furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) and bacteri ...	1995	7711777
[evaluation of 4 vermifuges against bothriocephalus acheilognathi in carp].	with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of four vermicides, praziquantel, mebendazole, nitroscanate and triclorfon in the control of bothriocephalus acheilognathi in carps, one hundred and sixty, two year-old carps (ctenopharyngodon idellus) with an average weight of 120 g and a mean parasitic burden of 115.5 parasites/fish were used. five groups of 30 fish each were randomly formed. each group was then subdivided in three groups, each of 10 individuals/pond. the three subgroups of group a receive ...	1994	7709095
the distribution and host range of species of the blood fluke sanguinicola in british freshwater fish.	the distribution of host range of sanguinicola armata, s. inermis and s. volgensis in british freshwater fish are described. s. inermis has been recorded in carp cyprinus carpio, crucian carp carassius carassius and tench tinca tinca in southern, central and eastern england and in koi carp imported from japan. s. armata has been detected in pike esox lucius and tench and s. volgensis has been found in chub leuciscus cephalus, dace leuciscus leuciscus, perch perca fluviatilis, roach rutilus rutil ...	1994	7706678
m-band structure, m-bridge interactions and contraction speed in vertebrate cardiac muscles.	cardiac muscle m-band structures in several mammals (guinea pig, rabbit, rat and cow) and also from three teleosts (plaice, carp and roach), have been studied using electron microscopy and image processing. axial structure seen in negatively stained isolated myofibrils or negatively stained cryo-sections shows the presence of five strong m-bridge lines (m6, m4, m1, m4' and m6') except in the case of the teleost m-bands in which the central m-line (m1) is absent, giving a four-line m-band. the m4 ...	1994	7706420
involvement of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in inositol polyphosphate formation in carp retinal slices.	the contribution of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors to inositol polyphosphate accumulation in carp retinal slices was investigated using myo-[2-3h]inositol prelabelling. in the presence of the glutamate agonists quisqualate, (rs)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (ampa) and trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentane-dicarboxylic acid (t-acpd), formation of [3h]inositol phosphate was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, with ec50 values of 350 nm, ...	1994	7704299