Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| two point mutations convert a catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) to an active enzyme. | a murine carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. the polypeptide chain consists of 290 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 32,950 da. by introducing two mutations, arg117 --> his and glu115 --> gln, we created a metal-binding center homologous to that in the carbonic anhydrases from the animal kingdom. in contrast to unmodified carp, this double mutant was isolated as a 1:1 zinc-protein complex. whi ... | 1996 | 8977131 |
| [the effect of carbophos on the immunocompetent cells and structure of the spleen in the carp cyprinus carpio]. | the response of immunocompetent cells of underyearling carps on different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ml/l) of phospho-organic pesticide in water is described. data on changes in the ultrastructural organization of immunocytes and their relationship with toxicant concentrations are given. | 1996 | 8966756 |
| proliferation of pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio induced by extracts of bothriocephalus acheilognathi. | the interaction between bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda) and pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l. was studied by examining proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from both naïve fish and fish injected intraperitoneally with cestode extract. lymphocytes from naïve hosts were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of the extract depending upon the extract protein concentrations; lower concentrations (0.01-0.05 microgram/ml) induced the greatest response, and i ... | 1996 | 8960208 |
| terminal components of carp complement constituting a membrane attack complex. | the membrane attack complex (mac) of carp complement was extracted with deoxycholate from rabbit erythrocytes lysed by carp serum and purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure. on two-dimensional sds-page of carp mac, eight bands were detected. the band of m(r) 91,000 was identified as carp c9 by western blotting using anti-carp c9, and two bands of m(r) 62,000 and one band of m(r) 22,000 were confirmed as those of carp c8 alpha, c8 beta and c8 gamma, respectively, by their n-terminal ami ... | 1996 | 8960117 |
| purification and characterization of the eighth and ninth components of carp complement. | complement components corresponding to mammalian c8 and c9 were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) serum. carp c8 (m(r) 146,000) proved to be a gamma-globulin composed of three polypeptide chains (alpha-chain, m(r) 62,000; beta-chain, m(r) 62,000; gamma-chain, m(r) 22,000). the alpha-chain was disulfide-linked to the gamma-chain and the beta-chain was non-covalently associated with the alpha-gamma chain, in fair agreement with mammalian c8. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the t ... | 1996 | 8960116 |
| de novo balanced translocation (6;18)(q21;q21.3 or q22) [corrected] in a patient with heterotaxia. | we report on a sporadic case of heterotaxia with a de novo chromosome structural abnormality. the patient had inversely located heart (dextrocardia), stomach, duodenum, and cecum. in addition, she had cerebral atrophy, hypertelorism with telecanthus, infraorbital skin furrows, ear-lobe grooves, prominent maxilla and teeth, large carp mouth, short fifth fingers with limited flexion, generalized hypotonicity, and severe psychomotor retardation. high-resolution chromosome banding analysis demonstra ... | 1996 | 8958327 |
| ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced changes in skinned cardiac muscle fibers of the carp, cyprinus carpio. | ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced sensitivity changes in skinned carp heart fibers were compared with those of guinea pig and rat heart. the ca2+ concentration-response curves of saponin-treated left atrial skinned fibers obtained from guinea pig and rat were almost identical. doses of 5 and 20 mmol.l-1 caffeine shifted this curve to the left. however, when a relatively high concentration (50 mmol.l-1) of caffeine was used, the left-ward shift was reduced. caffeine reduced the peak of the ca ... | 1996 | 8956502 |
| carp cdna sequence encoding a putative diazepam-binding inhibitor/endozepine/acyl-coa-binding protein. | a full-length cdna coding for common carp diazepam-binding inhibitor (dbi)/endozepine (ep)/acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp) was isolated and sequenced. the deduced dbi/ep/acbp is comprised of 87 amino acids (including initiating methionine) without possessing a signal peptide. common carp dbi/ep/acbp displays 77%, 78%, 70%, 63%, 61% and 45% identity with human, bovine, rat, frog, duck and yeast dbi/ep/acbp, respectively. | 1996 | 8948484 |
| lower activation energy for sliding of f-actin on a less thermostable isoform of carp myosin. | we have examined the temperature-dependence of sliding velocity of fluorescent f-actin on myosins isolated from 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp. activation energies for the sliding of f-actin were 63 and 111 kj/mol for the 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp myosins, respectively. arrhenius plots of the sliding velocity from 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp myosin were shown to intersect at high temperature (about 30 degrees c). the thermostability estimat ... | 1996 | 8947842 |
| two amino acid residues in the iiis5 segment of l-type calcium channels differentially contribute to 1,4-dihydropyridine sensitivity. | the transmembrane segment iiis5 of the l-type calcium channel alpha1 subunit participates in the formation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (dhp) interaction domain (grabner, m., wang, z., hering, s., striessnig, j., and glossmann, h. (1996) neuron 16, 207-218). we applied mutational analysis to identify amino acid residues within this segment that contribute to dhp sensitivity. dhp agonist and antagonist modulation of ba2+ inward currents was assessed after coexpression of chimeric and mutant calcium ... | 1996 | 8939992 |
| anoxia tolerant animals from a neurobiological perspective. | this paper discusses the mechanisms for brain anoxia survival seen in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and a few species of freshwater turtle (chrysemys and trachemys species). comparisons are made with the hypoxic tolerant mammalian neonate brain. in the anoxic tolerant species the basic strategy for anoxia survival appears to be the maintenance of ion gradients, and thereby the avoidance of anoxic depolarization. important facilitating factors involve having huge glycogen stores, increased b ... | 1996 | 8936038 |
| effects of n,n-dimethylnitrosamine (dmna) on in vitro oocyte maturation and embryonic development of fertilized eggs of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) kept in eutrophied ponds. | toxic effects of n,n-dimethylnitrosamine (dmna) at doses of 100 or 500 micrograms l-1 on in vitro carp oocyte maturation (steroidogenesis), embryonic development and hatching of larvae (obtained as a result of artificial spawning of females kept for four seasons in normal and eutrophicated ponds) were investigated. there were no significant effects of dmna on oocyte maturation and steroidogenesis during 24 h of incubation. the dmna decreased the hatching of fertilized eggs derived from control f ... | 2013 | 8935790 |
| determination of phagocyte activity in whole blood of carp (cyprinus carpio) by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. | in this study, the phagocytic capacity of fish peripheral blood leucocytes was studied using the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (cl) method. suspensions of rice starch (1%) or opsonized zymosan particles-ozp (0.2%) were used as activators. the level of cl was detected at 25 degrees c in various whole blood volumes (100, 50, 20 a 10 microliters) during the mixed or unmixed measurement mode. the peak of cl in all starch-activated samples was between 2.0-4.0 mv, regardless of blood volume or a ... | 1996 | 8933714 |
| effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. ii. embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. | carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, was fed to white leghorn chickens for a period of 8 wk. the diets contained 0.3 (control; 0% carp), 0.8 (3.4% carp), and 6.6 (35% carp) mg polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg diet, by wet weight (ww). these concentrations corresponded to 3.3, 26, and 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) equivalents/g diet ww, respectively. though the diets were not acutely toxic to the adult laying hens, dose- and time-dependent responses were observed in the em ... | 1996 | 8931741 |
| effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. i. effects on health of adult hens, egg production, and fertility. | this study was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), contained in great lakes fish by the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus). in this article we report the results of feeding white leghorn hens for a period of 8 wk diets that contained 31-35% ocean fish and/or carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, which provided 0.3 (control), 0.8 (low-dose group), or 6.6 (high-dose group) mg pcb/kg ... | 1996 | 8931740 |
| comparative effects of diverse vertebrate gonadotropins on estradiol-17 beta formation in vitro in an immature rat sertoli cell bioassay. | the biopotencies of pituitary gonadotropins (gths) from various vertebrate classes were examined in an in vitro rat sertoli cell bioassay which was previously established for mammalian follicle-stimulating hormones (fshs). potencies of the gonadotropins were determined by incubation of sertoli cells obtained from 10-day-old rats, with increasing doses of gths, which resulted in dose-related and parallel estradiol-17 beta formation converted from added 19-hydroxy-androstenedione. in general, mamm ... | 1996 | 8930616 |
| production of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-ii in the development of a radioimmunoassay in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) cdna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cloned into an expression vector (parhs3) for production by escherichia coli. recombinant rainbow trout igf-ii (rtigf-ii) was recovered from bacterial inclusion bodies, solubilized, and purified by gel filtration chromatography under reducing conditions. after refolding of the peptide by dialysis at basic ph, we obtained a final yield of 820 microgr ... | 1996 | 8930606 |
| a radioimmunoassay for african catfish growth hormone: validation and effects of substances modulating the release of growth hormone. | a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring plasma growth hormone (gh) concentrations in the african catfish (clarias gariepinus). the lower detection limit of the assay was 0.1 ng/ml and the standard curve had an ed50 value of 0.5 ng/ml. the validity of the assay was established and the effects of several neurotransmitters on the release of gh were examined. in vitro experiments, using a static culture system for dispersed pituitary cells, demonstrated that the gh relea ... | 1996 | 8930605 |
| vitellogenin induction and reduced serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (cyprinus carpio) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant. | endocrine disrupting chemicals can potentially alter the reproductive physiology of fishes. to test this hypothesis, serum was collected from common carp (cyprinus carpio) at five riverine locations in minnesota. male fish collected from an effluent channel below the st. paul metropolitan sewage treatment plant had significantly elevated serum egg protein (vitellogenin) concentrations and significantly decreased serum testosterone concentrations compared to male carp collected from the st. croix ... | 1996 | 8930552 |
| deltamethrin lethal multifactorial activity toward carp larva related to ph, calcium, and humic acid concentrations. | acute 24-hr embryotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide delta-methrin toward carp larvae was tested in multifactorial combinations of three phs (6.9, 7.8, 9.0), two calcium concentrations ([ca] = 2 x 10(-4) and 2 x 10(-2) m), and three humic acids concentrations ([ha] = 0, 5, and 100 mg/liter). lethal effects were determined and compared to the distribution and hexane extractibility of radiolabeled deltamethrin in the solution and on the vessel walls, either in the presence or in the absence of ... | 1996 | 8930502 |
| fish biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence: comparison with hplc-fluorescent detection. | fixed wavelength fluorescence (ff) was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (hplc-f) as an estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) exposure to fish. two excitation/emission wavelength pairs were used to measure naphthalene- and benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p)-type metabolites. early nonmetabolite fluorescent peaks were negligible in hplc chromatograms of bile of brown bullhead, white sucker, and common carp. linear regression analysis of ff and hplc-f ... | 1996 | 8930501 |
| characterization of isogenic carp (cyprinus carpio l.) lines with a genetically determined high or low antibody production. | antibody production to dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh) served as the immune parameter to divergently select carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to produce high- and low-responder f1 hybrid lines. antibody production to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (tnp-lps) and to dnp-klh were similar in magnitude. by contrast, some high-responder lines were low responders to dnp-human serum albumin, and vice versa. low-responder carp were relatively susceptible to infection with the parasite trypa ... | 1996 | 8930071 |
| [detection of the spring viremia of carp virus by hybridization with nonradioactive dna probes]. | in order to detect spring viraemia of carp virus, dna probes have been constructed using reverse transcription-pcr amplification technique and cdna cloning in plasmid and phage vectors. the sensitivity and specificity of viral rna detection was assessed using nonradioactive probes in infected fhm cell culture and in tissues from dead fish. viral rna was more frequently detected in the brain and gill than in the abdominal organs. | 1996 | 8927059 |
| protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates against edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates orally administered to carp, cyprinus carpio l. was investigated using a virulent strain of gram-negative edwardsiella tarda isolated from an infected fish. lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate was prepared through controlled maillard reaction. lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared through base-catalyzed ester exchange using n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid. the conjugates provided substantial pro ... | 1996 | 8925907 |
| primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells from estradiol-pretreated female silver eels (anguilla anguilla l.): immunocytochemical characterization of gonadotropic cells and stimulation of gonadotropin release. | to analyze the multihormonal control mechanisms of gth secretion in the eel, primary culture of pituitary cells from control or estradiol-treated female silver eels, a treatment known to stimulate in vivo gth synthesis, was developed. dispersed eel pituitary cells obtained by enzymatic (trypsin/dnase) and mechanical dispersion were cultured in earles m199, at 18 degrees. immunoreactive gth (ir-gth) cells were characterized by the immunoperoxidase method, using antiserum to carp gth beta subunit. ... | 1996 | 8921361 |
| spectral plasticity of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: independent modulation by dopamine and light-adaptation. | it was shown previously that the spectral sensitivity of luminosity/h1-type horizontal cells (hcs) in carp retinae reflects the absorption spectrum of red-sensitive cones for long wavelengths but can appear highly variable and "truncated' in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. we have found that light-adaptation sharpened the red-sensitive spectral peak and decreased the blue/red response amplitude ratio (b/r ratio), mainly by decreasing the response to short-wavelength stimuli. the ada ... | 1996 | 8921249 |
| feminization of male carp. | 1996 | 8918871 | |
| the adenohypophysis of the swamp eel, synbranchus marmoratus, an immunocytochemical analysis. | the adenohypophyseal cell types of the protogynous fish synbranchus marmoratus were studied by histochemical and immunocytochemical staining with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones to ascertain their distribution. the prolactin (prl) cells were distributed in the rostral pars distalis and showed specific binding to antisera to carp and chum salmon prolactin. no reaction was observed with antiserum to human prolactin. the corticotrops showed strong immunoreactivity with ... | 1996 | 8916462 |
| comparison of the activity of carp and rat beta-actin gene regulatory sequences in tilapia and rainbow trout embryos. | a comparative study on the level of expression of lacz reporter constructs driven by equivalent carp and rat beta-actin regulatory sequences was carried out in embryos of tilapia and rainbow trout. dna was microinjected into fertilised tilapia and rainbow trout eggs and the embryos/fry were assayed at various developmental stages for beta-galactosidase expression. we provide evidence to demonstrate that the carp beta-actin promoter/ lacz reporter gene is expressed at higher levels than the equiv ... | 1996 | 8914067 |
| evidence for multiple distinct major histocompatibility complex class i lineages in teleostean fish. | in the context of studies on the expression of mhccyca-z sequences of the common carp, pcr amplifications of exon 4 were performed on cdna obtained from pooled thymi of 20 carp f1 individuals. five recombinant clones (cyca-tc3, -tc13, -tc15, -tc17 and -tc18) were found to be 96% similar to the exon 4 region of cyca-za1. each of the five sequences was unique, and differed in a few positions in both the nucleotide and the derived amino acid sequences from any of the cyca-z sequences known to date. ... | 1996 | 8909944 |
| vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties. | we have isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cdna library a clone coding for vimentin. the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. in addition, in the more diverged non-helical ... | 1996 | 8907703 |
| binding sites for melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) in brain synaptosomes and membranes from peripheral tissues identified with highly tritiated mch. | melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a neuropeptide occurring in the brain of all vertebrate species. in chromatophores of teleost fishes it induces pigment granule aggregation. in mammals, however, its physiological function is not yet clear. attempts to identify the site(s) of its action by binding analysis failed because radioiodinated mch with the natural sequence was devoid of biological activity. we have now synthesized an analogue of rat/human mch, [pra4,8,12,19]-mch, containing four l- ... | 1995 | 8903959 |
| involvement of phospholipid molecular species in controlling structural order of vertebrate brain synaptic membranes during thermal evolution. | fluorescence anisotropy parameter of [p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl]phenyl-propionic acid (dph-pa) and 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (tma-dph) embedded in synaptic plasma membranes prepared from brains of cold (5 degrees c) and warm (22 degrees c) adapted fish (cyprinus carpio l.), rat (rattus norvegicus) and bird (branta canadensis), was studied. fatty acid composition of total lipids as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and phosphat ... | 1996 | 8898303 |
| tissue-specific changes in protein synthesis rates in vivo during anoxia in crucian carp. | mechanisms of anoxia tolerance were investigated in crucian carp. rates of protein synthesis were calculated in selected tissues of normoxic and anoxic animals. exposure to 48 h of anoxia resulted in a significant reduction in protein synthesis in the liver (> 95%), heart (53%), and red and white muscle (52 and 56%, respectively), whereas brain protein synthesis rates were unaffected. seven days of anoxia produced similar results. after 24 h of recovery from a 48-h anoxic period, protein synthes ... | 1996 | 8897979 |
| morphological and kinetic changes of carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa after initiation of motility in distilled water. | studies on the flagellar movement of carp spermatozoa induced by dilution in distilled water allowed us to describe a sequence of early, rapid morphological and kinetic changes which begin at the very tip of the flagellum. they cause the progressive folding of the axoneme which ends stuck to the head within 90-120 seconds after the initiation of motility. however, the axonemal machinery remains functional as the folding can be reversed after transfer back into a high osmolality medium and partia ... | 1996 | 8894281 |
| expression, characterization, and genomic structure of carp jak1 kinase gene. | a 3.7-kb cdna encodes the carp jak1 kinase of 1,156 amino acid residues. the overall amino acid sequence identity between carp jak1 and murine jak1, jak2, jak3, and human tyk2 is 57%, 35.5%, 31.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. in addition, carp jak1 shows higher sequence homology to mammalian jak1 in both the kinase-like (jh2) and kinase (jh1) domains (approximately 70% identity). therefore, carp jak1 is a homolog of mammalian jak1. to investigate the possible function of jh2 domain, full-length, an ... | 1996 | 8892755 |
| the bioconcentration of 131i in fresh water fish. | the dynamic characteristics of the radionuclide concentration process in fresh water fish have been studied. the experimental data for the tilapias were fitted using a simple compartment model to get characteristic parameters such as concentration factors, elimination rate constants, and initial concentration rates, which are 3.08 bq kg-1/bq l-1, 0.00573 h-1, and 12.42 bq kg-1 h-1, respectively. the relative concentrations of 131i in different parts, i.e., head, gills, flesh, bone and internal o ... | 1996 | 8887517 |
| voltage dependency of light-evoked on-off transient amacrine cell responses in carp retina. | the voltage dependency of the on and the off components of transient amacrine cell responses was studied using two-electrode voltage-clamp and current-clamp techniques in the isolated retina of the carp. the two independent approaches gave similar data. when cells were voltage clamped near their resting potentials, both response components were associated with transient inward currents. hyperpolarization increased response size (current or voltage) whilst depolarization decreased it. response re ... | 1996 | 8878100 |
| toxic effects of synthetic pyrethroids on cyprinus carpio linn. eggs. | 1996 | 8875851 | |
| molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp zp3 gene. | two types of cdnas coding for a major component of carp egg membrane were clones from a carp ovarian cdna library. they encode polypeptides of 422-424 amino acid residues whose sequences are homologous to those of medaka and mammalian zp3. similar to the mammalian zp3 genes, carp zp3 gene also consists of eight exons and seven introns. carp zp3 genes are 2.9 kb in length and present in multiple forms. carp zp3 is a glycoprotein of 45 kda. it was transcribed and translated exclusively in oocytes, ... | 1996 | 8858599 |
| neurons with different immunoreactivity form clusters in the cns of helix pomatia. | the distribution of serotonin (5ht-ir), fmrf amide (fmrf a-ir), catch-relaxing-peptide (carp-ir), dopamine (da-ir), gamma-amino-butyric-acid (gaba-ir), and leucokinin (lk-ir) immunoreactive neurons were compared in the ganglia of helix cns. these neurons are not distributed randomly, but their location outlines distinct groups in the ganglia. in a few groups only da-ir, gaba-ir and lk-ir neurons can be seen, whereas in the majority of groups fmrfa-ir, carp-ir and 5ht-ir neurons are localized tog ... | 1995 | 8853698 |
| insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in fish brain. | we investigated insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptor-binding and receptor intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the brain of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (salmo trutta fario). glycoprotein fractions of semi-purified receptors were prepared by wga-agarose affinity chromatography. insulin receptors were found in the brains of both fish species investigated. carp and trout brain preparations bound, respectively (per 50 micrograms glycoprotein), with 6.0 +/- 1.5% and 8.0 +/- ... | 1996 | 8852819 |
| distribution of pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 proteins in the peripheral nervous system. | various mutations of po, pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 genes were recently reported in hereditary neuropathies, such as charcot-marie-tooth disease (cmt) and dejerine sottas disease (ds). however, physiological roles of the proteins in pns are not well understood. to address the functions of the proteins, we examined their localization in pns comparatively by immunohistochemical methods. in western blotting, a polyclonal antibody against the carboxyl terminal peptide of pasii/pmp22 reacted to 20-2 ... | 1995 | 8845738 |
| electrophysiological responses of three chemosensory systems in the carp to pesticides. | responses of three chemical senses, olfaction, taste, and pit organ sense, to three pesticides were studied electrophysiologically in carp, cyprinus carpio. only olfaction was responsive to the three pesticides at behavioral avoidance levels, which were determined in a previous study. the olfactory thresholds for benthiocarb, isoprothiolane, and fenitrothion were 1.7 x 10(-1) micrograms/l (4 log units lower concentration than 48-h lc50), 6.7 x 10(-3) micrograms/l (6 log units lower than 48-h lc5 ... | 1996 | 8840928 |
| high transgene activity in the yolk syncytial layer affects quantitative transient expression assays in zebrafish danio rerio) embryos. | for the purpose of studying the factors that cause wide variation in transient transgene expression in individual fish, a lacz reporter gene linked to a carp beta-actin regulatory sequence was introduced into zebrafish embryos. as a general trend, a correlation between the number of transgene copies injected and the level of transgene expression was found. however, a substantial variation in the level of expression still occurred that could not be attributed to technical factors such as the diff ... | 1996 | 8840526 |
| characterization of gamma-crystallin from the eye lens of bullfrog: complexity of gamma-crystallin multigene family as revealed by sequence comparison among different amphibian species. | gamma-crystallin is the major and most abundant lens protein present in the eye lens of lower vertebrates such as amphibian and piscine species. to facilitate structural characterization of gamma-crystallins isolated from the lens of the bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), a cdna mixture was synthesized from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh eye lenses. cdna encoding gamma-crystallin was then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on two primers designed according to the relatively co ... | 1996 | 8838595 |
| lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in bird, carp and mammalian sera. | isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27) in avian sera are described and compared with those of carp and some mammals. the predominant portion of lactate dehydrogenase in avian sera was concentrated in the muscular form of the enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase 5). most mammalian sera (with the exception of rat serum) showed a different pattern, in which the main portion of lactate dehydrogenase activity migrated in the first three anodic fractions. fish serum lactate dehydrogenase i ... | 1996 | 8833639 |
| purification and molecular cloning of carp ovarian cystatin. | the ovarian fluid of carp consists of many components. using the antiserum against carp serum, western blot analysis of ovarian fluid was done in order to distinguish substances synthesized by the ovary from those derived from the serum. several ovary-specific substances were detected including a protein of 12 kda (p12), which was purified to homogeneity. purified p12 displays a single band in sds-page under nonreducing condition and it can inhibit the enzymatic activity of papain with an appare ... | 1996 | 8829807 |
| evolution of mhc class ii beta chain-encoding genes in the lake tana barbel species flock (barbus intermedius complex). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii protein polymorphism is maintained in allelic lineages which evolve in a trans-specific manner, passing from one species to descendant species. selection pressure on peptide binding residues should be greatest during speciation, when organisms move into new environments and their mhc molecules encounter new pathogens. the isolation of mhc genes from teleost fishes, the most diverse group of vertebrates, has created possibilities for testing this hy ... | 1996 | 8824153 |
| a highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic dna of the medaka (oryzias latipes). | a highly repetitive interspersed dna sequence (mre) was isolated from the genome of medaka, oryzias latipes, and characterized. three distinct sequences of mre were cloned and compared. the conserved sequences of mre were approximately 220 bp in length. on average, one copy of mre was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of mre in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. mre constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. mre-related sequences were not detected in carp (cy ... | 1996 | 8817927 |
| histochemistry of nadph-diaphorase--a marker for neuronal nitric oxide synthase--in the carp retina. | the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) diaphorase histochemical technique was used as a marker to assess the distribution of nitric oxide synthase activity in the carp retina. nadph-diaphorase activity was found to be present in photoreceptors (rods and cones), horizontal cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, müller cells and ganglion cells. staining was most prominent in the photoreceptor ellipsoids but was not confined to any particular subtype. the density of the staining wit ... | 1996 | 8813246 |
| action of cypermethrin on tissue transamination during nitrogen metabolism in cyprinus carpio. | freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, was exposed to sublethal concentration (3 microg liter-1) of cypermethrin for 5 and 10 days to examine the changes in the transamination process during the formation of nitrogenous end products in four functionally different tissues, namely, gill, liver, brain, and muscle. increases in total and soluble protein contents were noticed in all the tissues of exposed fish with a decrease in free amino acids and protease activity. activity levels of both the transamin ... | 1996 | 8812184 |
| in vitro effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on in vitro biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in goldfish carassius auratus. | testicular and ovarian fragments of carassius auratus, taken during the reproductively active prespawning phase (june) of its annual reproductive cycle, were incubated with different concentrations (0 mg/ml, 0 ppm; 0.001 mg/ml, 1 ppm; 0.01 mg/ml, 10 ppm; and 0.02 mg/ml, 20 ppm) of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) in the presence of either exogenous precursor [3h]-17-hydroxyprogesterone ([3h]17-p) or carp hypophyseal homogenate. the free (unconjugated) and conjugated metabolites (glucuroni ... | 1996 | 8812183 |
| the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ... | 1996 | 8806175 |
| development of a radioimmunoassay for european eel growth hormone and application to the study of silvering and experimental fasting. | a specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay for eel (anguilla anguilla l.) growth hormone (anggh) has been developed. the antiserum, raised against purified anggh and used at 1:20,000 final dilution, did not cross-react with eel prolactin or thyrotropin, carp gonadotropin ii, bovine gh, or serum from hypophysectornized eel. the inhibition curves for eel pituitary extracts and serum were parallel to that of anggh standard. the ed50 value was between 1 and 2 ng/tube and the recovery of pu ... | 1996 | 8804566 |
| detection of mhc class ii transcripts in lymphoid tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | in all vertebrates studied to date, the expression of mhc class ii genes is known to be restricted to a limited number of tissues and cell types. in order to have a better understanding of the function of the equivalent genes in teleost fish, the distribution of mhc class ii beta transcripts (cyca-dab) in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was investigated. rna was isolated from tissues and leucocytes, cdna was produced, and amplification of the cyca-dab genes was carried out by pcr. of the or ... | 2006 | 8801130 |
| characterization and ion channel activities of novel antibacterial proteins from the skin mucosa of carp (cyprinus carpio). | a detergent-solubilized fraction of skin mucus of carp (cyprinus carpio) induced ion channels after reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers. a differential extraction using a non-ionic detergent followed by electrophoretic separation led to the isolation of two hydrophobic 31-kda and 27-kda proteins. in contrast to the 27-kda protein, which was glycosylated, the 31-kda did not bind to concanavalin a. the reconstitution of these proteins into a planar lipid bilayer restored the ionophore behavi ... | 1996 | 8797847 |
| inhibition of cytotoxic activity of carp lymphocytes (cyprinus carpio) by anti-thymocyte monoclonal antibodies. | a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against carp thymocytes and carp immunoglobulin (igm). anti-thymocyte mabs reacted with thymocytes, head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) at various proportions. anti-igm antibody reacted with hkl and pbl but not with thymocytes. pbl from carp immunized with xenogeneic mouse myeloma cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against target cells but pbl from unimmunized fish showed weak cytotoxicity. treatment ... | 1996 | 8797290 |
| multiple regulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes by serum factors: influence of infection with atypical aeromonas salmonicida. | normal carp serum contains inhibitory and stimulatory factors for macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte respiratory burst activity. as stimulatory factors were only effective in combination with phorbol myristate actetate (pma) activation, it is concluded that they are probably linked to protein kinase c activation. both the stimulatory and inhibitory factors are heat stable. macrophage- and neutrophilic granulocyte-enriched cell fractions from the pronephros of carp had high respiratory burst ... | 1996 | 8797288 |
| expression of hoxb-1 during gastrulation and segmentation stages of carp (cyprinus carpio). | this report describes the cdna sequence and embryonic rna expression pattern of carp hoxb-1. carp hoxb-1 is a labial-like, homeobox-containing gene of the 3' end of the hox gene cluster. the expression pattern in carp is compared to that of homologs in other vertebrates. as holds for other hox genes, carp hoxb-1 is expressed with highest intensity at a sharp anterior boundary, and expression fades out towards posterior. at later stages, gaps were found in the domain. the gene is expressed from l ... | 1996 | 8793616 |
| carp reproduction in highly eutrophic pond conditions. | 1996 | 8791563 | |
| relative susceptibility of different life stages of channa punctatus and cyprinus carpio to nickel-chrome electroplating effluent. | 1996 | 8791562 | |
| vertebrate heart development. | this review summarizes recent studies of the cellular and molecular events involved in the determination and differentiation of cardiac myocytes in vertebrate embryos. fate-mapping studies in mouse, chick, amphibian and zebrafish embryos suggest that cardiac muscle precursors are specified shortly before or at the time of gastrulation. nuclear factors, such as dhand, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, gata-6, nkx-2.3, growth arrest homeobox (gax) and cardiac adriamycin responsive protein (carp), which h ... | 1996 | 8791539 |
| nuclear sm antigens in the sperm of different organisms. | immunoblot analysis of sperm protein from several species revealed the presence of polypeptides recognised by anti-sm sera obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. immunoreactive polypeptides in human, bull, mouse and rat sperm were identified as protein b', b and d as compared with the sm polypeptides of hela cells. in the sperm of rooster, the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and the mussel choromytilus chorus, the immunoreactive polypeptide profile was more complex. to ascertain ... | 1994 | 8785681 |
| fast neutralization/immunoperoxidase assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia with anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody. | an enzyme-immunohistochemical procedure was employed to facilitate neutralization/diagnostic tests for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a significant pathogen in trout farms throughout europe. the method described can be used for trout or mice antibodies; increases speed (1 day), simplicity, and minimizes the use of reagents compared to other neutralization assays. furthermore, the test requires a minimum handling of the cell cultures under sterile conditions, decreasing frequent con ... | 1996 | 8783145 |
| corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) receptors in the mesenteric small arteries of rats resemble the (2)-subtype. | the potencies of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) agonistic peptides ocrh, h/rcrh, frog sauvagine, and carp urotensin i and of the antagonistic peptide alpha-helical crh9-41 were compared in 3 different in vitro assays: (a) receptor binding to rat brain membranes; (b) release of acth/beta-endorphin from rat pituitary cells; and (c) relaxation of rat mesenteric small arteries. from their potency profiles, especially from the high potency of sauvagine relative to crh in the relaxation ass ... | 1996 | 8781499 |
| antibody against pulmonary surfactant protein a recognizes proteins in intestine and swim bladder of the freshwater fish, carp. | an antibody raised against rat pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a) bound on western blots to proteins present in intestinal mucosa and in swim bladder, but not in gills of the carp. the fish protein(s) revealed by the antibody exhibited an electrophoretical behavior similar to that of rat sp-a with a characteristic triplet in the 30- to 35-kda range. it therefore appears that proteins immunologically very close to mammalian sp-a are present in modern fish which evolved from ancestors that neve ... | 1996 | 8780709 |
| evidence of sensory conflict and recovery in carp exposed to prolonged weightlessness. | evidence in support of the sensory conflict hypothesis for space motion sickness (sms) is still needed. | 1996 | 8775405 |
| protein sparing effect and nutritive significance of lipid supplementation in carp diets. | although carp is in a position to utilize carbohydrates efficiently, lipids are an important energy source in carp diets. in general fat-enriched high-energy diets result in rapid growth and favourable feed conversion. many authors emphasize the protein-sparing effect of lipid supplementation in carp diets. for efficient protein-utilization an optimal protein/energy ratio in feed is necessary. good results may be obtained with diets containing 30-50% high-quality protein, > 14 mj digestible ener ... | 1996 | 8766977 |
| dietary effects on fatty acid metabolism of common carp. | the paper summarises experimental data demonstrating effects of various dietary factors exerting changes in the fatty acid composition and fatty acid metabolism of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). among the dietary factors (1) supplementary feeding in fish ponds, (2) absence of essential fatty acids (efa) in the diet, (3) starvation, and (4) ration level were studied. it was concluded that supplementary feeding in carp rearing ponds is frequently excessive in the hungarian carp culture prac ... | 1996 | 8766976 |
| influence of dietary fatty acid composition and vitamin e on fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | this paper examines the effect of different fatty acid composition, together with varying dietary vitamin e contents on fatty acid composition and tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of carp, and compares with other species of fish and the storage quality of the fish produced. dietary fatty acid composition affected fatty acid patterns of tissues of carp significantly, but this was correlated with the fat content of the diet. varying the vitamin e content results in no or only very slight variat ... | 1996 | 8766975 |
| role of membrane lipids in temperature acclimatization of carp. | 1996 | 8766974 | |
| estimation of essential fatty acid requirements of common carp larvae using semi-purified artificial diets. | two trials were conducted with duplicate groups of (first feeding) carp larvae fed artificial dry diets based on casein and dextrin over 21 or 25 days. one control diet based on yeast was also tested. survival, growth and fatty acid profiles of larvae were studied. in trial 1, (n-3) fatty acid requirement was estimated using diets supplemented or not with methyl linolenate or cod liver oil. after 21 days, the best survival and growth were observed in larvae fed the unsupplemented diet [(n-3) fat ... | 1996 | 8766972 |
| an isothermal induction of delta 9-desaturase in cultured carp hepatocytes. | cold exposure of carp leads to the induced activity of the hepatic delta 9-desaturase (schünke, m. and wodtke, e. (1983) biochim. biophys. acta 734, 70-75). we have investigated the controlled expression of this enzyme using isolated carp hepatocytes. culture at 30 degrees c, of cells isolated from 30 degrees c-acclimated carp. resulted in an 8-13-fold increase in desaturase-specific activity over 4 days, whilst another enzyme of intermediary metabolism, glucose-6-phosphatase, decreased by more ... | 1996 | 8765141 |
| cobalt ions enhance light responsiveness of carp cone horizontal cells in low calcium. | effects of cobalt ions (co2+) on horizontal cells in low extracellular calcium were examined in isolated, superfused carp retinas. while 0.1 mmol/l co2+ completely suppressed both rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells in normal ringer's solution, it enhanced light responses of cone horizontal cells in low (0.1 mmol/l) calcium. the enhancement of the cone horizontal cell response by co2+ was not caused by changes in light responsiveness of cone photoreceptors. moreover, application of 50 mumol/l ... | 1996 | 8760455 |
| comparison of dark- and light-adapted carp retinas with nadph diaphorase staining. | the carp retina was examined by nadph diaphorase histochemistry to determine if the staining pattern of retinal cells was changed depending on the adaptation state of the retina. when dark-adapted for 5 h, ellipsoids of inner segments of both rods and cones and some horizontal cells were heavily stained. staining was also found in subpopulations of amacrine cells and ganglion cells. in addition, müller cells were strongly positive for nadph diaphorase. when light-adapted for 5 h, ellipsoids of p ... | 1996 | 8760454 |
| identification of pk-a phosphorylation sites in the carboxyl terminus of l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits. | full length l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits are rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pk-a) in vitro and in vivo at sites located in their long carboxyl terminal tails. in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain the majority of biochemically isolated alpha 1 subunits lacks these phosphorylation sites due to posttranslational proteolytic processing. truncation may therefore modify the regulation of channel activity by pk-a. we combined site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression ... | 1996 | 8755718 |
| structural modifications of non-mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) isoforms: design of novel gnrh analogues. | three natural forms of vertebrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) provided the structural basis upon which to design new gnrh agonists: [his5,trp7,leu8]-gnrh, dogfish (df) gnrh; [his5,asn8]-gnrh, catfish (cf) gnrh; and [his5,trp7,tyr8]-gnrh, chicken (c) gnrh-ii. the synthetic peptides incorporated the position 6 dextro (d)-isomers d-arginine (d-arg) or d-naphthylalanine (d-nal) in combination with an ethylamide substitution of position 10. the in vitro potencies for lh and fsh release of t ... | 1995 | 8746537 |
| identifiable achatina giant neurones: their localizations in ganglia, axonal pathways and pharmacological features. | 1. an african giant snail (achatina fulica férussac), originally from east africa, is now found abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, including okinawa in japan. this is one of the largest land snail species in the world. the achatina central nervous system is composed of the buccal, cerebral and suboesophageal ganglia. the 37 giant neurones were identified in these ganglia by the series of studies conducted over about 20 years. the identifications were made by the localization ... | 1996 | 8742492 |
| effects of microcystin-lr on the partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump of the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). | several partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump enzyme were studied in a microsomal fraction derived from the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). we tested the effect of three toxins [(i) microcystin-lr, (ii) microcystin-lr-like toxin component isolated from microcystis aeruginosa culture and (iii) okadaic acid] on the phosphorylation, ouabain binding and atpase activity of the na(+)-k+ pump. the k(+)-dependent hydrolysis of the na(+)-dependent phosphorylation of na(+)-k+ pump, as well the rel ... | 1996 | 8735244 |
| further evidence on the interaction of muramyl dipeptide with the serotonergic system. | the mode of interaction between muramyl dipeptide (mdp), a compound with immunopharmacological activities, and 5-hydroxtryptamine (5-ht, serotonin) was studied in isolated nerve-smooth muscle preparations of the carp stomach. application of exogenous 5-ht evoked direct smooth muscle contractions; electric neurogenic stimulation evoked twitches due to release of 5-ht from nerve endings. contractions evoked by a high concentration of 5-ht (3-30 microm) were resistant to atropine and potentiated in ... | 1996 | 8732429 |
| electrocardiographic characterization of myocardial function in normoxic and hypoxic teleosts. | electrocardiography was applied to analyze cardiac function of four teleost species (piaractus mesopotamicus, hoplias malabaricus, hoplias lacerdae and cyprinus carpio) during normoxia and graded hypoxia. in these species, hypoxic bradycardia consistently occurred during severe hypoxia (below the critical oxygen tension--pco2) and was accompanied by alterations in the ecg recordings. three basic ecg alterations were demonstrable: 1) increase in the t wave area and amplitude, being more positive ... | 2016 | 8728858 |
| biochemical and histopathological effects of glyphosate on carp, cyprinus carpio l. | glyphosate, also known by the trade names roundup and rodeo for agricultural use, is a broad-spectrum, translocated herbicide, used primarily in agricultural applications, and for vegetation control in non-crop areas. it is used as non-selective herbicide and for aquatic weed control in fish-ponds, lakes, canals, slow running water, etc. (usda 1984). glyphosate is perhaps the most important herbicide ever developed. literature of toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of glyphosate is ext ... | 1996 | 8720103 |
| effects of an organophosphate on the antioxidant systems of fish tissues. | the effect of a hungarian made and applied insecticide, organophosphate (dichlorvos) on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative and redox parameters of two different fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus) was studied. the two fish species have different ways of life. from antioxidant enzymes, changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and, in the case of carp, acetylcholinesterase activities were studied in tissue homogenates. other param ... | 1995 | 8714762 |
| effects of different patterns of light adaptation on cellular and synaptic plasticity in teleost retina: comparison of flickering and steady lights. | the importance of the pattern of light stimulus in inducing light-adaptive morphological (cellular and sub-cellular) changes in the outer retina of the carp was assessed. thus, the effects of steady and flickering backgrounds (of the same intensity) on cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinules were compared by quantitative measurements. for both phenomena, flickering stimuli had a significantly greater effect than steady, although the number of photons delivered by ... | 1996 | 8710195 |
| a tgacg motif mediates growth-hormone factor-1/pituitary-transcriptional-activator-1-dependent camp regulation of the rainbow trout growth-hormone promoter. | the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the rainbow trout growth hormone (tgh) gene promoter by the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1 (growth hormone factor 1), also called pit1 (pituitary transcriptional activator 1), and camp have been investigated in mammalian and fish cells. the -340 to +24 5'-flanking fegion of the tgh gene focused to the luciferase gene was activated in rat pituitary gc cells and in hela cells cotransfected with an effector plasmid encoding rat ghfi. gc cel ... | 1996 | 8706656 |
| insulin-like growth factor iea2 is the predominantly expressed form of igf in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | an insulin-like growth factor (igf) complementary dna (cdna) was isolated from a liver cdna library of adult common carp, cyprinus carpio. the identity of this cdna clone was confirmed by nucleotide sequence determination. sequence comparison with other vertebrate and rainbow trout igfs showed that this cdna encodes a particular subtype of igf-i, igf-iea2. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay showed that this igf-i is expressed mainly in the liver (hepatopancreas) of ... | 1996 | 8680527 |
| in vitro polarization of carp leucocytes in response to the blood fluke sanguinicola inermis plehn, 1905 (trematoda: sanguinicolidae). | an in vitro assay was used to determine the effects of sanguinicola inermis adults and cercariae on the polarization responses of pronephric leucocytes of carp. leucocytes were isolated and exposed to live adult flukes or cercariae for up to 48 h. differences in polarization responses were related to the presence of the parasite, the presence or absence of carp serum and the time of incubation. the mean proportions of cells exhibiting polarization in unstimulated controls ranged from 5 to 30% ov ... | 1996 | 8677139 |
| microcalorimetric study of mitochondria isolated from fish liver tissue. | we determined the thermogenesis curves of mitochondria isolated from fish liver tissue by using an lkb 2277 bioactivity monitor. after isolation from the fish liver, mitochondria still have activity and can live for a long time by using the stored nutrients. we calculated the recovery rate constants of mitochondria. we found that the thermogenesis curves of mitochondria are similar to those obtained from prokaryotic cells, but not similar to those obtained from eukaryotic cells. we determined th ... | 1996 | 8675962 |
| the characterisation of the 5' regulatory region of a temperature-induced myosin-heavy-chain gene associated with myotomal muscle growth in the carp. | we have isolated and characterised the 5' region of a member of the carp myosin heavy chain gene family. expression of this gene has previously been shown to be induced by an increase in environmental temperature and is restricted to the small-diameter white myotomal muscle fibres which are associated with growth. the whole isoform gene, including potential regulatory sequence 5' to the transcription start site and the 3' untranslated region was cloned in a lambda2001 bacteriophage vector. studi ... | 1996 | 8665910 |
| characterization of class ii a and b genes in a gynogenetic carp clone. | a prerequisite for carrying out functional studies on major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules of fish is the availability of genetically well-defined homozygous strains. previously we have applied gynogenetic reproduction to generate isogenic carp, denoted clone a410. this clone has recently been demonstrated to express a single class i gene, cyca-ua1(*)01, and in the present study two class ii b and two class ii a transcripts were obtained. the two class ii b transcripts, cyca-d(cb3)b ... | 1996 | 8662086 |
| acute effect of organotin compounds to red sea bream and red carp using biological parameters. | 1996 | 8661861 | |
| the innervation of the chromaffin cells in the head kidney of the carp, cyprinus carpio; regional differences of the connections between nerve endings and chromaffin cells. | nerve fibres and their connections with chromaffin cells in the carp head kidney were studied by light and electron microscopy. some nerve bundles entered the head kidney from the dorsal aspect along veins. many unmyelinated axons emerged from the nerve bundles to invade the clusters of chromaffin cells, the distribution of which was restricted to the neighbourhood of the venous trunks and their tributaries. most of the nerve endings were attached to a chromaffin cell by synaptic junctions and w ... | 1996 | 8655401 |
| the influence of water potassium concentration on 137cs excretion from fish. | results are reported of the investigation on the peculiarities of 137cs release from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) acclimatized to different potassium concentrations in water. the dynamics of radiocesium release are characterized by slow and fast components. the 137cs release rates observed in the experiments with different water potassium concentrations were not markedly different from the point of view of middle-term radioecological predictions. | 1996 | 8655326 |
| isolation and characterization of two distinct growth hormone cdnas from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | as a first step toward the development of a ribonuclease protection assay for studying the regulation of growth hormone (gh) gene expression in pituitary cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus, we report the isolation of two cdna clones encoding goldfish gh from a cdna library prepared from pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the complete nucleotide sequences of these two gh cdna clones have been determined and both of them were predicted to encode a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putativ ... | 1996 | 8651695 |
| spermatozoa: models for studying regulatory aspects of energy metabolism. | spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and they offer advantages for studying several basic aspects of metabolic control such as the role of adenosine triphosphate-(atp)-homeostasis for cell function, the mechanisms of fatigue and metabolic depression, the metabolic channelling through the cytoplasm and the organization and regulation of glycolytic enzymes. spermatozoa of four species with different reproductive modes are introduced and the first results are presented: spermatozoa of the mari ... | 1996 | 8641386 |
| genomic structure of carp mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 gene. | carp mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (cmkk1) gene was isolated from a liver genomic library. the sequence around the exon-intron boundaries and 2 kb of the promoter region were determined. our data indicate that this gene is composed of 11 exons and 10 introns spanning about 9 kb. multiple potential transcription initiation sites were located by primer extension analysis. examination of 2 kb of 5'-flanking sequence revealed potential binding sites for a variety of transcription factors ... | 1996 | 8634328 |
| cold-induced expression of delta 9-desaturase in carp by transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. | poikilothermic animals respond to chronic cold by increasing phosphoglyceride unsaturation to restore the fluidity of cold-rigidified membranes. despite the importance of this compensatory response, the enzymes involved have not been clearly identified, and the mechanisms that control their activity are unknown. in carp liver, cold induces an 8- to 10-fold increase in specific activity of the microsomal stearoyl coenzyme a desaturase. cold-induced up-regulation of gene transcription resulted in ... | 1996 | 8629000 |
| neutrophilic granulocytes in carp, cyprinus carpio, possess a spontaneous cytotoxic activity. | this study demonstrates for the first time that carp (cyprinus carpio) neutrophilic granulocytes from the head kidney possess potent spontaneous cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines. carp head kidney cells isolated at a density of 1.09 g/ml contained more than 90% neutrophilic granulocytes. these cells were round and approximately 10 millimicrons in diameter with reniform or polymorphic nuclei and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm when stained with giemsa. electron microscopy ... | 1995 | 8617402 |
| molecular architecture and biophysical properties of phospholipids during thermal adaptation in fish: an experimental and model study. | phospholipids from livers of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) adapted to winter (5 degrees c) and summer (25 degrees c) temperatures were isolated, and the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids, as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and ethanolamines, were determined. order parameter of 5-doxyl stearic acid and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of different anthroyloxy fatty acids--[2-, 12(n-9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid and 16(n-9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid--e ... | 1995 | 8614302 |