Publications

serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in adults and children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex: possible indicator of b cell lymphoproliferation and disease activity. effect of intravenous gammaglobulin on enzyme levels.	twenty-seven of 33 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (16 adults and 17 children) demonstrated significant elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, occurring in the isomorphic distribution. serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was the highest in all nine patients with acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, in seven of whom extensive interstitial pulmonary infiltrates with lymphocytes and plasma cells were documented. lactate dehydrogen ...	1985	3922219
respiratory and pulmonary alterations in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats.	pneumocystis carinii (p.c.) pneumonia was induced in 40 rats by a prolonged corticosteroid treatment (group 1); 40 healthy rats of equal weight constituted the control group (group 2); 9 rats received the same corticosteroid treatment as group 1, together with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-sfz) in order to prevent p.c. multiplication (group 3). we could distinguish the respiratory effects induced by corticosteroids from those caused by p.c. pneumonia (group 3 vs group 1). for six weeks the ...	1985	3919791
infections in immunocompromised patients. i. pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnosis.	granulocytopenia is the major factor predisposing cancer patients to infection, chiefly by bacteria. most of the infections are caused by gram-negative aerobic organisms (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella sp) that arise from endogenous gastrointestinal, mucosal, or cutaneous flora (often modified by hospital-acquired pathogens). some fungi (candida sp and aspergillus sp) are also likely to invade granulocytopenic patients. the next most important factor predisposing cancer ...	1985	3914372
[pneumocystis carinii infections].	in children, pneumocystis carinii pneumonias occur mainly in cases of congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. definitive diagnosis rests on the visualization of the parasites, ideally by broncho-alveolar lavage. if the lavage is negative and the patient deteriorates, an open lung biopsy is the next best diagnostic method. serological methods are unreliable. treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp) should be instituted as early as possible: a serum level of tmp between 5 and 10 micro ...	1985	3914245
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients--clinical and radiographic features, diagnosis and complications of treatment.	six episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five renal transplant patients on low dose maintenance prednisolone are described. the infection was rare, occurring in 3 per cent of the recipients transplanted between 1978 and 1984. diagnosis and treatment were not straightforward. fever was the earliest evidence of illness, and in three episodes the chest radiograph was normal at presentation. at diagnosis, two to 16 days later, all had pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxia. diagnosis was ...	1985	3909201
pentamidine: a review.	pentamidine, recently released for clinical use, is effective in therapy for the hemolymphatic stage of gambian trypanosomiasis, antimony-resistant leishmaniasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the mechanism of action is unclear and may differ for different organisms. trypanosomes actively transport pentamidine intracellularly, and the drug may then interfere with dna biosynthetics. however, pentamidine appears to kill nonreplicating p. carinii. the mechanism of killing is unexplained. the ...	1985	3903942
pentamidine isethionate in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the chemistry, antiprotozoal activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, administration, and hospital formulary considerations of pentamidine isethionate are reviewed. pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine, has been used since the 1940s to treat a variety of protozoal infections. it is now most commonly administered in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). it is generally not metabolized, and it is stored or bound to tissue and excreted slowly as the parent ...	1985	3902329
pentamidine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other protozoal diseases.	pentamidine isethionate, discovered to have antiprotozoal activity in 1938, has recently been approved in the united states for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. despite frequent adverse reactions, which are at times life-threatening, pentamidine remains an important alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of p. carinii pneumonia in patients with a history of allergy to sulfonamides or who have severe reactions or a lack of response to treatment with trimeth ...	1985	3901852
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3898464
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1985	3897099
pneumocystis carinii: growth variables and estimates in the a549 and wi-38 va13 human cell lines.	recent studies indicate that rat pneumocystis carinii can be propagated in the a549 cell line, an alveolar epithelioid cell line derived from human lung carcinoma. in the present study, growth of p. carinii was compared in the a549 cell line and the wi-38 va13 subline 2ra, an sv40 transformed derivative of the human fetal fibroblast cell line with epithelioid morphology. similar p. carinii growth occurred in both cell lines under optimal conditions, but the wi-38 va13 cell line was usually more ...	1985	3894045
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review].		1985	3891249
use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent bacterial infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	we assessed the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in children receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. the patients were randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) or placebo in a double-blind trial. thirty patients were evaluated in each group. children receiving tmp-smx had fewer episodes of bacteremia (0 vs. 5) and otitis media (3 vs. 18). the geometric mean of the neutrophil nadir was 172 in the tmp-smx group and 287 in controls. however ...	1985	3889875
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3884451
acute respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic course.	the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic correlates of acute respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were studied in 12 renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin (cs) and prednisone. six patients required only supplemental oxygen, while the other six patients developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation despite similar predisposing factors and prompt initiation of therapy. ten (83%) patients survived. increased f ...	1985	3884275
comparison of processing techniques for detection of pneumocystis carinii cysts in open-lung biopsy specimens.	methenamine silver stain was used to compare the number of cysts of pneumocystis carinii contained in lung concentrate smears of homogenized lung tissue with the number in impression smears. results were also compared with histopathological examination of methenamine silver-stained paraffin-embedded sections. of slides from 23 preparations, a greater number of cysts were contained in concentrate smears than in impressions (p less than 0.001). in four preparations, cysts were noted in concentrate ...	1985	3882742
[identification of pneumocystis carinii in a patient dying of aids].	we compared two different techniques in the preparation of slides for the demonstration of pneumocystis carinii in lung tissue of a patient died for aids. the impressions were prepared by imprinting the autopsy tissue surfaces on glass slides, while the concentrates were prepared by a partial homogenization and subsequent centrifugation of the pulmonary tissue. after staining, the number of protozoa microscopically observed resulted similar with both techniques; moreover using impression smears ...	1985	3879892
[five cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed by bronchofiberscopy--the usefulness of the bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1985	3879311
[detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage. technic and results].		1985	3879164
disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a possible role of nitrites in kaposi's sarcoma.	to identify risk factors that determine the major manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the authors analyzed data from three epidemiologic studies conducted by the centers for disease control. the authors compared patients by outcome of disease. eighty-seven homosexual patients (47 with kaposi's sarcoma, 20 with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 20 with both) had participated in the earlier studies, and their interviews and laboratory test results were available. com ...	1985	3878602
[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a child of swiss origin whose mother died from aids].	report of a now 2 8/12-year-old girl, who presented at the age of 8 months with chronic progressive pneumonia, mucocutaneous candidiasis, diarrhea, failure to thrive and a non-progressive paraplegia. the child's mother presented aids with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and progressive general paralysis one year after the beginning of the child's disease and died within a few months. additional findings in the child include lymphopenia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, cutaneous anergy and an abnormal t ...	1985	3878345
[pneumocystis carinii in the bone marrow].	pneumocystis carinii is observed in the bone marrow of two adults immuno-compromised; the initial diseases are on the one hand a hodgkin's disease, on the other hand a malignant lymphoma for immunocytoma type, which necessitate heavy and invalidating treatments. a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with respiratory distress seems to have carrying away two patients death. eventually pathogenic part of the parasite in the bone marrow localization.	1985	3878233
pentamidine treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. association with acute renal failure and myoglobinuria.	a 31-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and biopsy-proved pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed acute renal failure, elevated creatinine kinase levels, and myoglobin in both serum and urine while being treated with pentamidine. the patient was receiving no other nephrotoxic medications at the time, and these unusual complications were directly related to the pentamidine.	1985	3878136
serological observations of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans.	serological examinations of pneumocystis carinii antigen and antibody were performed in adult patients with p. carinii pneumonia. the antibody titer was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence, and antigenemia was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. profiles of the time course of antibody levels in serum indicated that development of the antibody occurred at an early stage of pneumonia and that peak titers were obtained during the febrile stage.	1985	3877736
evaluation of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.	hospital records were reviewed on 78 consecutive patients (33 homosexuals, 37 haitians and 8 iv drug abusers) who had aids and who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy over a two year period. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was the most common bronchoscopic finding (53.8% of patients) followed by tuberculosis (14.1%), cytomegalovirus infection (12.8%) and atypical mycobacteriosis (3.8%). in 15.4% of patients multiple organisms were found. twenty-seven percent of patients had non-diagnostic bro ...	1985	3877629
radiographic features in patients with pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the radiographic findings in 14 episodes of pulmonary pathology, occurring in 13 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are described. the patients presented over a 15-month period. all were homosexual men with serum antibodies to human t-cell lymphotrophic virus iii. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most common manifestation, occurring in seven of the 14 episodes. radiographic appearances in five of these were classical, with bilateral perihilar ground-glass shadowin ...	1985	3877604
gallium-67 scintigraphy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3877590
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia radiographically simulating tuberculosis.	eight immunocompromised patients presented with upper lobe infiltrates that radiographically simulated tuberculosis. bilateral lobar consolidation was present in 5, and apical or posterior segmental consolidation was present in 3. pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 7 patients from material obtained at bronchoscopy after sputum stained for mycobacteria had been negative. in the eighth patient, sputum submitted for cytologic evaluation demonstrated p. carinii. the 7 patients surviving this epis ...	1985	3877484
utility of gallium67 scintigraphy and bronchial washings in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	twenty patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were evaluated by gallium67 (ga67 scintigraphy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy for initial diagnosis and response to therapy. lung uptake of ga67 was demonstrated in 100% of aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia, including those with subclinical infection. fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified p. carinii in the bronchial washings of 100% of cases (19 patients), whereas only 13 of 16 (81%) ...	1985	3877481
disseminated sporothrix schenckii infection with arthritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are susceptible to a wide spectrum of opportunistic infections. we report a 34-year-old man who developed systemic sporotrichosis involving the skin and joints, and whose illness terminated in subacute encephalopathy and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. fungal arthritis is another infection to which patients with this syndrome are subject.	1985	3877169
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: problems associated with the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	four fatal and two non-fatal cases of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii and one case of co-trimoxazole-responsive interstitial pneumonia, all in homosexual patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, are described. the lack of clinical signs in the chest and of abnormal radiological findings at presentation in three of the six patients with p. carinii infection, the rapidly progressive course of the disease, as well as the need for early diagnosis and treatment are stressed. th ...	1985	3877121
cell population obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.	in the course of bronchoalveolar lavages performed in 115 immunocompromised patients in order to investigate the occurrences of pneumonitis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by demonstration of cysts in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 11 patients. the cellular phenomena associated with p. carinii infection at the level of the alveolar space were evaluated. differential cell counts on bronchoalveolar lavage preparations stained by the may-grünwald-giemsa method were performed in ...	1985	3876677
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic examination of bronchial washings.	during the last three years, bronchial washings from patients in whom pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was clinically suspected were cytologically examined. these were predominantly cases of suspected or confirmed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. to determine the effectiveness of cytologic diagnosis by means of a bronchial wash, retrospective analysis of bronchial washings with available simultaneous transbronchial biopsy specimens was carried out in 181 cases. comparison of the results of both ...	1985	3876454
humoral responses to pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in immunocompromised homosexual men.		1985	3876394
steroid use in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3876147
diagnosis of pulmonary complications of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	forty eight patients with the acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (aids) presented to the mount sinai hospital in new york with persistent cough and dyspnoea or an abnormal chest radiograph, or both. thirty two (67%) were found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, either alone or in combination with another pathogen. of these patients, eight (25%) had a normal chest radiograph. abnormalities in the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient [a-a) do2 ...	1985	3875910
detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in experimentally infected mice.		1985	3875707
antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumocystis carinii in culture.	pneumocystis carinii from infected rats were cultured on infected wi-38 human lung fibroblasts. after cultures were established, medium was replaced by medium containing antimicrobials and supernate organisms counted at specified times. results show that metronidazole had no effect, amphotericin b suppressed organisms at 5 but not 0.5 microgram/ml, and miconazole, chloroquine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pentamidine isethionate suppressed organisms at the concentrations tested.	1985	3875445
absence of pneumocystis carinii in lobund germfree and conventional rat colonies.		1985	3875106
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric patients using bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage.		1985	3875082
[a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after chemotherapy of bladder tumor].	this is a case report on a 70-year-old male patient. during chemotherapy treatment after a bladder tumor operation, the patient had a complication of pneumonia which did not respond to various antibiotics. from clinical observations and chest x-ray, it was diagnosed as pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia and was cured by medication of co-trimoxazole.	1985	3874533
occurrence of pneumocystis carinii in animals in japan.		1985	3874316
efficacy of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in rats.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was induced using dexamethasone in male sprague-dawley rats. after the first death due to pn. carinii occurred, nine rats received 50 mg/kg/day tetroxoprim and 120 mg/kg/day sulphadiazine. four additional rats were given no therapy and served as a positive control. all the surviving rats including five negative controls were sacrificed four weeks after the last positive control rat died. all four rats in the positive control group and two of nine in the treated g ...	1985	3874200
pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases.	the pulmonary complications of 70 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are reviewed. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), present in 67 per cent of the patients, was diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies in all of the patients except two adults, who required open lung biopsy, and two children, in whom the infection was detected only at autopsy. other opportunistic infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, mycobacterial infections, invasi ...	1985	3874142
persistence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. evaluation of therapy by follow-up transbronchial lung biopsy.	the effectiveness of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or pentamidine has not been fully evaluated in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). since recurrence of pcp is common, follow-up lung biopsy (15 transbronchial, one open) was performed as part of the clinical evaluation of 16 episodes of pcp. all patients had shown evidence of clinical improvement during treatment and had received a mean duration of therapy of 17.6 days. in six of 16 episodes (38 percent), ho ...	1985	3874046
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: response to inadvertent steroid therapy.		1985	3873272
the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	forty-four episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in 36 of 70 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. thirty-four patients with 40 episodes of pcp were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. therapy was successful in 18 episodes (45%), but was unsuccessful in 15 episodes (37.5%). in the latter cases, two patients died within 72 hours; 13, of whom nine died, had therapy changed to pentamidine. in seven additional episodes (17.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol ...	1985	3873229
pneumocystis carinii in bone marrow.		1985	3873199
serodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.		1985	3872777
pulmonary complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia.	a survey of 360 patients with various hematologic diseases revealed a high frequency of respiratory complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia (atl) compared to others. among 29 patients with atl, pulmonary complications were seen in 26 patients; leukemic pulmonary infiltration in 13, bleeding in 1, interstitial pneumonitis in 1, and pulmonary infection in 13. the incidence of pneumocystis carinii and bacterial pneumonias were high despite adequate neutrophil count. even in chronic and ...	1985	3872708
granulomatous pneumocystosis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.	a case of pneumocytosis presented radiologically as a solitary pulmonary nodule. of cases presenting in this unusual fashion, this may be the first in which the histology was that of a fibrous and granulomatous nodule. the only pathogen identified was pneumocystis carinii. the expected histologic pattern in pneumocystosis (interstitial pneumonitis with foamy alveolar exudate) was completely absent. outside the major pulmonary nodule, scattered microscopic noncaseating granulomas of sarcoid type ...	1985	3872652
early experience and difficulties with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of aids associated pneumonia in britain.	bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy have been used as adjuncts to the management of patients with pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at the middlesex hospital and the experience gained and difficulties encountered in the first five cases are reported. widely varying organisms were isolated from lavage aspirates, some of which may have been nasopharyngeal contaminants, and organisms cultured from the transbronchial biopsy specimens may offer a bet ...	1985	3872484
role of bronchial brush biopsy in aids with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3872202
histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	this report describes the experience with disseminated histoplasmosis in seven of 15 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) diagnosed in indianapolis since 1981. three were homosexual, two were intravenous drug addicts, one was the spouse of another patient with aids and disseminated histoplasmosis, and the seventh was a hemophiliac. six had associated infections: candidiasis in three, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infection, and dis ...	1985	3871588
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia studied by gallium-67 scanning.	the validity and reliability of gallium-67 (ga-67) scanning for diagnosis and follow-up of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were assessed in 34 patients thought to have pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). overall sensitivity was 94% and specificity 74%. among patients with normal or equivocal chest radiographs at the time of admission, sensitivity was 86% and specificity 85%. the authors consider ga-67 scanning a valid and reliable adjunct in the diagnosis o ...	1985	3871532
successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hypersensitive aids patients.		1985	3871490
cellular and humoral immune responses of mice subclinically infected with pneumocystis carinii.	cellular and humoral immune responses to pneumocystis carinii were investigated. icr and ddd mice were intranasally infected with 10(4) mouse lung-derived p. carinii, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction and antibody titers to p. carinii were measured along with the number of p. carinii cysts in the lungs after infection. the number of p. carinii cysts in the lungs peaked at 2 weeks after infection and then decreased to barely detectable levels by 4 weeks. serum antibody (immunog ...	1985	3871426
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3871316
pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1985	3871247
ultrastructural observations of pneumocystis carinii attachment to rat lung.		1985	3871224
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). clinical, immunological, pathological, and microbiological studies of the first case diagnosed in norway.	the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in norway, diagnosed in january 1983, is presented, with results of clinical, immunological, and microbiological studies and the results of autopsy. immunological studies showed several immunological abnormalities, including a profound deficiency of the t-cell system of the type usually associated with aids. during the 11 months of symptomatic disease the patient had a series of opportunistic infections, including recurrent candida esop ...	1985	3856941
diagnosis and management of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in intravenous drug users.	acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a clinical entity that is part of a spectrum of immune dysfunction found in specific high risk groups, among them intravenous drug users. in drug users aids almost always presents as an opportunistic infection, usually pneumocystis carinii. the leading etiologic hypothesis is of a viral agent acting, it is possible, on a previously immunocompromised host. recent research at hospitals affiliated with the albert einstein college of medicine, where an u ...	1985	3832900
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in infants and children: report of nine cases.	we report here nine children with aids. the risk factors of these patients were hemophilia in one, blood transfusions in four, maternal intravenous drug use in three and paternal aids in one. one baby was also of haitian parentage. the major clinical symptoms included failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonia, recurrent bacterial and viral infections and persistent oral thrush. three infants had chronic recurrent parotitis. five infants developed opportunistic infe ...	1985	3830264
the spectrum of pneumonia in 1983 at the riyadh armed forces hospital.	the agents causing pneumonia have been assessed in 112 adult patients admitted to the armed forces hospital in riyadh during a period of one year: pathogens were identified in 78 patients (69.6%). sputum culture produced a significant isolate in 60 patients (53.5%), and in 17 (15.2%) the causative agent was suggested by serological tests. streptococcus pneumonia was the commonest infecting agent (21.4%). pneumonia due to mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight patients, to mycoplasma p ...	1987	3819456
nonbronchoscopic lung lavage for diagnosis of opportunistic infection in aids.	thirty patients known to have or suspected of having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were evaluated for opportunistic pulmonary infection using a double lumen lavage catheter (dll). lavage specimens obtained were cytocentrifuged and initially stained by the papanicolaou technique as a means of rapid evaluation for pneumocystis carinii. if no opportunistic organism was identified, the patient underwent further diagnostic investigations. in 18 patients receiving mechanical ventilatory su ...	1987	3816309
value of repeat fiberoptic bronchoscopies and significance of nondiagnostic bronchoscopic results in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	out of 286 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who had fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease, 21 (7.3%) patients (group i) had repeat procedures after 1 to 30 days (mean, 14.8 days) because of persistent pulmonary infiltrates despite therapy, and 46 (15.9%) patients (group ii) had repeat procedures after 2 to 32 months (mean, 7.5 months) because of recurrent pulmonary infiltrates after initial clinical and radiographic improvement. pne ...	1987	3813206
the thoracic surgical spectrum of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome has presented a complex and, as yet, unsolvable spectrum of pulmonary disease characterized by bizarre infections, pneumothoraces, respiratory distress, and death. thirty-eight patients underwent 49 surgical procedures during 42 months. ages of the patients ranged from 24 to 56 years. surgical procedures included tracheostomy, closure of air leaks, mediastinoscopy, lobectomy, open lung biopsy, and esophagogastrectomy. hospital mortality was 10 of 38 (24%); ...	1986	3784593
icu survival of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	the icu records of 31 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. of 23 (74%) patients admitted for respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, 20 (87%) patients had pneumocystis carinii and/or cytomegalovirus pneumonia. of the eight patients admitted without respiratory failure, five (63%) were monitored after brain biopsy. respiratory failure patients remained in the icu for 10 +/- 1 days, compared to 5 +/- 1 days for those without respiratory f ...	1986	3780243
intensive care of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. outcome and changing patterns of utilization.	eighty-two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were admitted to the intensive care units (icus) at san francisco general hospital (sfgh) between march 1981 and december 1985. of these patients, 69% died in the hospital, as did 87% of patients who required mechanical ventilation because of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. although the number of hospital admissions of patients with aids has increased steadily since the fourth quarter of 1982 (12 admis ...	1986	3777686
primary malignant lymphoma of the anorectum in homosexual men.	two homosexual men presented with primary malignant lymphomas of the anorectum. each patient presented with a painful mass, diagnosed by biopsy and immunologic cell marker studies. one patient, who had a reversed t4/t8 cell ratio, developed a local relapse of the tumor 11 months after radiotherapy, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the other patient, with a normal t4/t8 ratio, remained lymphoma-free and without evidence of opportunistic infection 25 months after combined chemotherapy and radio ...	1986	3754810
liquid chromatographic and spectroscopic characterization of pentamidine isethionate and impurities in bulk drug and injectables.	a liquid chromatographic (lc) method is described for evaluating purity of pentamidine isethionate (pi), a life-saving drug used in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which is a leading cause of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). six potential impurity compounds were synthesized to test the selectivity of the chromatographic system and to permit quantitation of impurities in various lots of pi products. the drug and impurities were separated with gradi ...	1986	3745088
mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and immunoblastic sarcoma in a fatal case of aids.	a pleomorphic bacterium exhibiting both acid-fast rod forms and non-acid-fast coccal forms, and identified as mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was cultured from a facial lesion diagnosed as immunoblastic sarcoma. the patient was a 36 year-old homosexual man who died of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). in addition, the patient had pre-existing cutaneous lesions of kaposi's sarcoma (ks), and was treated for probable but never proven, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). variably ...	1986	3732865
ataxia telangiectasia with generalized skin pigmentation and early death.	a female infant with clinical and laboratory features of ataxia telangiectasia (at) showed two clinical features exceptional for the disease, i.e. generalized skin pigmentation and an unusually early death at the age of 15 months. her clinical features supportive of the diagnosis of at included growth and developmental retardation and muscle weakness. findings indicating immunodeficiency included recurrent pulmonary infections, failure of pha stimulation of pb lymphocytes, decreased levels of se ...	1986	3732314
a boy with complete triploidy and unusually long survival.	a boy with complete triploidy and extensive external and internal congenital malformations who survived for almost seven months is presented. he was born after 31 weeks of gestation, was utterly small for gestational age and the delivery was induced because of intrauterine asphyxia. the infant had typical features of the complete triploidy syndrome. he did not develop mentally or motorically even to a normal neonatal level. banding analysis of chromosomes and hla-antigen typing of the patient an ...	1986	3728010
acquired immune deficiency syndrome in thailand. a report of two cases.	as a major tourist attraction for heterosexuals and homosexuals, thailand stands to experience major increases in the rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this article describes 2 aids cases in thailand, including the 1st documented case. the 1st case involved a 28-year-old unmarried thai male who travelled to the us in 1981 for postgraduate work and had contact with both female prostitutes and homosexual men. in 1982-83, the patient demonstrated fever, fatigue, meningitis, and ...	1986	3723046
pathogens in children with severe combined immune deficiency disease or aids.	we evaluated the frequency and severity of illnesses caused by various microbial pathogens in 15 children with severe combined immune deficiency disease (scid) and 8 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). there were 35 viral, 23 bacterial, 19 mycotic and 13 parasitic infections. nineteen of the 23 patients died of infection; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, giant-cell pneumonia due to paramyxoviruses and various disseminated viral infections were responsible for most deaths in both grou ...	1986	3719484
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 40-year-old homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) presented with dyspnea and renal insufficiency. a chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and prominent pulmonary arteries, without alveolar infiltrates. swan-ganz catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of left-to-right shunt. liver function tests were normal. he was treated empirically for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but he died 3 days after admission. at autopsy, membranoproliferative glom ...	1987	3679202
phenytoin hypersensitivity with pulmonary involvement in a hemophiliac patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with its attendant sequelae of opportunistic infections and aggressive lymphatic malignancies, continues to dominate the world's medical literature. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains as the most commonly encountered infection in aids and an early cause of morbidity and mortality. current therapy for pcp revolves around the administration of either pentamidine isoethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, the major aids centers repor ...	1987	3678058
[bacteriological aspects of 64 cases of severe pneumonia seen in a respiratory intensive care unit].	we report on the bacterial aspects of 64 cases of severe pneumonia in an intensive care over a two year period, excluding cases occurring during artificial ventilation. in all the cases, the grave respiratory and haemodynamic signs, the blood gas and radiological findings justified admission of these patients to an intensive care unit. specimens for bacteriology, virology and parasitology enabled a precise microbiological diagnosis 43 times (63%); in 44% of these diagnosis the possibility of the ...	1987	3671863
the impact of bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis on clinicians' diagnostic reasoning about interstitial lung disease.	to assess the impact of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) on clinicians' diagnostic reasoning, we administered serial telephone questionnaires to all pulmonary physicians submitting bal specimens to our laboratory from nonimmunocompromised patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. questionnaires were completed when the lavage specimens were first submitted and again after the results were reported to referring physicians. we recorded the clinicians' ordered list of likeliest diagnoses for the ...	1987	3665598
ribavirin treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome-related complex (arc). a phase 1 study shows transient clinical improvement associated with suppression of the human immunodeficiency virus and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation.	to assess safety, tolerance, and the clinical and laboratory effects of oral ribavirin in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the aids-related complex.	1987	3662279
aids in two african infants born in belgium.	two african infants born in belgium, dying from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are reported. the first patient was a premature baby girl born to healthy parents. however, her asymptomatic mother was found to have polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia, a reversed t-helper/t-suppressor ratio and a decreased lymphocyte response to mitogens. the second patient's mother was treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the fourth month of gestation and was subsequently diagnosed with aids. ...	1987	3645954
[aids in africa].	the main aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic in africa as of mid-1986 are discussed. in certain parts of africa the disease appears to be widespread and fairly evenly divided between the sexes. most of the aids patients have traveled a great deal and been very active sexually, even while traveling. prostitutes in such large cities as nairobi are heavily infected with hiv. recognized routes of infection are: sexual transmission, blood transfusion, contaminated i ...	1986	3642940
fatal infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of opportunistic organisms.	the causes of death were examined in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who were cared for at the university of california, san francisco and who died after 1969. of the 44 deaths analyzed, 33 patients had autopsies. infections were common and often determined to be the cause of death. overall, infections were present in 55 percent (22/44), and judged to be a cause of death in 30 percent (13/44) of all deaths. the infections could be divided into 2 groups: those due to common bacte ...	1987	3626846
autopsy findings in aids--a histopathological analysis of fifty cases.	fifty consecutive aids autopsy cases were evaluated. all subjects showed one or more opportunistic infections and malignancies included in the aids case definition with cytomegalovirus and kaposi's sarcoma being most prevalent. mycobacterial and cryptococcal infections occurred only infrequently. most patients of our series after successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or cerebral toxoplasmosis later succumbed to less treatable conditions like disseminated cytomegalovirus or funga ...	1987	3626432
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in brazil. necropsy findings.	according to the 15 autopsies performed at the department of pathological anatomy, escola paulista de medicina, são paulo, brazil, it was confirmed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) occurs preferably in young homosexual males, who die in a short period of time of the disease, which leads to a consumptive state verified by cachexia of the cadavers. the most affected organs of this series were the lungs and encephalum, exactly the ones responsible for the immediate cause of death. in ...	1987	3620018
a high performance liquid chromatography method for trimethoprim utilizing solid-phase column extraction.	the antibiotic combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was evaluated for treatment of peritonitis in patients in renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. although current methods of analysis were adequate for measurement of sulfamethoxazole, a review of the available methods of analysis for trimethoprim did not yield a satisfactory method. therefore, a high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) assay was developed to follow the pharmacokinetics of trimethop ...	1987	3617162
pneumonias acquired from others. 1. history, examination, laboratory findings.	differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia can be elusive, even though the disease remains a frequent cause of admission to the hospital. the familiar organisms--pneumococci, group a streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and hemophilus influenzae--are still often the cause. however, less common organisms, in particular pneumocystis carinii, which is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are being seen more often. data gathered from a thorough histo ...	1987	3615308
[disseminated mucocutaneous kaposi sarcoma in aids. clinical and therapeutic experiences in 13 patients].	since 1980 a new epidemic form of disseminated mucocutaneous kaposi's sarcoma (ks) with a progressive clinical course has been observed in populations at risk. since 1982, 13 cases of aids-associated ks have been seen in our department; all of them were in young homosexual males with circulating hiv antibodies and a reduction in the ratio of t-helper to t-suppressor lymphocytes (0.05-1.3). following systemic treatment with recombinant alpha a-interferon (rifn-alpha a) over a period of 6 months ( ...	1987	3610636
psychosocial considerations in the therapy of epidemic kaposi's sarcoma.	since the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) burst into prominence in 1981, it has claimed victims at an exponential rate and taxed the resources of physicians, health workers, and social support agencies. a sizeable minority of aids patients, mainly male homosexuals, have been presented with epidemic kaposi's sarcoma (eks). although life expectancy with this presentation may be greater than with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infection, the underlying immunodefici ...	1987	3603057
children with aids--is pathologic diagnosis possible based on chest radiographs?	in a review of the clinical, radiographic and pathologic data of 36 patients with aids we found 29 with pulmonary infections (cytomegalic virus, pneumocystis carinii, etc.) and 7 who had varying types of lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial changes on chest radiographs but did not have opportunistic infection. pathologic diagnosis included lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, chronic interstitial pneumonitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and im ...	1987	3601462
role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the assessment of opportunistic pulmonary infections: utility and complications.	we prospectively evaluated the diagnostic role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the assessment of opportunistic pulmonary infections and the incidence of associated complications in 100 immunocompromised patients during a 9-month period. bronchoalveolar lavage was useful in detecting the presence of pneumocystis carinii, viruses, fungi, bacteria, and mycobacteria in the lower respiratory tract. p. carinii was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage in 17 patients and by open-lung biopsy in 1. other orga ...	1987	3586713
clinical and epidemiological aspects of the first 50 cases of aids in milan.	between april 1984 and december 1985, 50 patients diagnosed as aids were observed in our clinic. risk factors were homosexuality in 21 cases (42%), drug addiction in 20 (40%), homosexuality and drug addiction in 3 (6%), haemophilia in 1 (2%). in the remaining 5 cases the infection was acquired by vertical transmission in 2 (4%), by promiscuous heterosexual intercourse in 2 (4%) and by a single blood transfusion in 1 (2%). kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was the main clinical feature in 8 patients, althoug ...	1986	3580141
[kaposi's disease in aids: 31 cases].	we report 31 cases of aids-kaposi's sarcoma (ks) studied at the hôpital saint-louis, paris, france, from january 1983 to january 1986. twenty-nine cases were cutaneous ks and 2 were lymph-node ks. twenty-eight patients were homosexual or bisexual males, 1 was a woman with transfusion-aids and 1 was an intravenous drug-addict; one male had no known risk factor. thirty were male and 1 female, mean age 35.5 years (+/- 8.4). all were caucasian and positive for lav antibodies (elavia). 17/30 (56.6 p. ...	1987	3579136
pneumocystis carinii: immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analyses of serum antibodies during experimental rat infection and recovery.	serum antibodies to pneumocystis carinii were measured in rats by the indirect fluorescent antibody and immunoblotting techniques. serum igg and igm antibodies developed with environmental exposure to p. carinii, were low or absent during immunosuppression to induce p. carinii pneumonia, and rose when immunosuppression was withdrawn. the igg and igm antibodies formed at the same time, but the titers of each antibody varied in individual rats. serum igg antibodies by immunoblotting recognized ban ...	1987	3556208
use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	this report reviews the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) in individuals with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). before aids, tmp-smz was at least as effective as pentamidine in pediatric and adult populations and was notably less toxic. in a study prospectively comparing tmp-smz with pentamidine in patients with aids, the toxicity associated with either therapy was very high, a problem suggesting a need for the development of a ...	1987	3554457
use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole singly and in combination with other antibiotics in immunocompromised patients.	experience with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) alone or in combination with other agents in the treatment of immunocompromised patients other than those with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. a comparative study involving 126 episodes of fever showed a higher rate of response to a tmp-smz-carbenicillin regimen than to a gentamicin-carbenicillin combination (85% vs. 69%, respectively, p less than or equal to .04). in another study tm ...	1987	3554456
use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. however, therapeutic concentrations of tmp and smz in serum and csf are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of ...	1987	3554455
pentamidine isethionate. a review of its antiprotozoal activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pentamidine isethionate, an aromatic diamidine, is an antiprotozoal agent proven to decrease mortality from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in debilitated infants and immunodeficient adults and children. like the combination antimicrobial agent co-trimoxazole, pentamidine has been shown in retrospective studies to resolve episodes of pneumonia in approximately 41 to 87% of patients, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), when used alone or as sequential therapy. altho ...	1987	3552596
use of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (fansidar) in prophylaxis against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum and pneumocystis carinii.	the widespread emergence of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum led to the formulation of an effective, fixed combination of two antimalarial agents, pyrimethamine and the long-acting sulfonamide sulfadoxine, for prophylaxis and treatment. these drugs act at sequential steps to inhibit the formation of tetrahydrofolate in the parasite. recently, their use for malaria prophylaxis has been associated with severe, at times fatal, cutaneous reactions including erythema multiforme, stevens-jo ...	1987	3551713