Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| diversity of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase mutations in resistant lolium populations: evaluation using clethodim. | the acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase)-inhibiting cyclohexanedione herbicide clethodim is used to control grass weeds infesting dicot crops. in australia clethodim is widely used to control the weed lolium rigidum. however, clethodim-resistant lolium populations have appeared over the last 5 years and now are present in many populations across the western australian wheat (triticum aestivum) belt. an aspartate-2078-glycine (gly) mutation in the plastidic accase enzyme has been identified as ... | 2007 | 17720757 |
| screening of wheat varieties and associated bacterial population in old alluvial soil of burdwan, west bengal. | in order to screen out the best variety of wheat (triticum aestivum) out of eight varieties (viz., hp 1633, bw 11, nw 1014, sonalika, huw 468, k 9107, hp 1731 and huw 234), a field experiment was conducted (from dec. 2002 to april 2003) in a randomized block design replicated thrice at crop research and seed multiplication farm, burdwan university, west bengal, india. various morpho physiological parameters viz., plant population, length of shoot and root, leaf area index (lai), crop growth rate ... | 2007 | 17717978 |
| indirect enzyme-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of taxi and xip type xylanase inhibitors in wheat and other cereals. | to quantify triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and xylanase inhibiting protein (xip) type proteins in cereals in general and wheat ( t. aestivum) in particular, a robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using an uncommon enzyme-antibody sandwich format was developed. bacillus subtilis glycoside hydrolase family (gh) 11 and aspergillus oryzae gh 10 xylanases were selected for coating elisa plate wells to capture taxi and xip, respectively, prior to probing with antibodies. the d ... | 2007 | 17715986 |
| purification of antifreeze protein from wheat bran (triticum aestivum l.) based on its hydrophilicity and ice-binding capacity. | wheat-bran ( triticum aestivum l.) antifreeze protein ( taafp) was purified 323-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with an overall yield of 1.64% from wheat-bran protein by a specific three-step procedure. the three-step procedure was quicker, cheaper, and more effective than the five-step procedure we used earlier. first, taafp was concentrated by a phosphate buffer, on the basis of its strong hydrophilicity that was validated by thermal gravimetric analyses and a surface hydrophobicity analys ... | 2007 | 17715897 |
| genetic dissection of grain yield in bread wheat. i. qtl analysis. | grain yield forms one of the key economic drivers behind a successful wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping enterprise and is consequently a major target for wheat breeding programmes. however, due to its complex nature, little is known regarding the genetic control of grain yield. a doubled-haploid population, comprising 182 individuals, produced from a cross between two cultivars 'trident' and 'molineux', was used to construct a linkage map based largely on microsatellite molecular makers. 'tr ... | 2007 | 17713755 |
| development and validation of a viviparous-1 sts marker for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in chinese wheats. | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat reduces the quality of wheat grain, and improving phs tolerance is a priority in certain wheat growing regions where conditions favorable for phs exist. two new viviparous-1 allelic variants related to phs tolerance were investigated on b genome of bread wheat, and designated as vp-1bb and vp-1bc, respectively. sequence analysis showed that vp-1bb and vp-1bc had an insertion of 193-bp and a deletion of 83-bp fragment, respectively, located in the third intron ... | 2007 | 17712543 |
| genetic dissection of grain yield in bread wheat. ii. qtl-by-environment interaction. | the grain yield of wheat is influenced by genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment interaction. a mapping population consisting of 182 doubled haploid progeny derived from a cross between the southern australian varieties 'trident' and 'molineux', was used to characterise the interaction of previously mapped grain yield quantitative trait locus (qtl) with specific environmental covariables. environments (17) used for grain yield assessment were characterised for latitude, rainfall, vari ... | 2007 | 17712541 |
| estimating mycotoxin contents of fusarium-damaged winter wheat kernels. | winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cultivars ritmo and dekan) grain was sampled in northern germany between 2001 and 2006. kernels damaged by fungi of the genus fusarium were separated from sound grain by visual assessment. samples containing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fusarium-damaged kernels were compiled and analyzed for the fusarium type b trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don, 2001-2006), nivalenol (niv, 2006), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3acdon, 2006) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15acd ... | 0 | 17706313 |
| identification of a protein kinase gene associated with pistillody, homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, in alloplasmic wheat. | homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (called pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) having the cytoplasm of a wild relative species, aegilops crassa. our previous studies indicated that pistillody is caused by alterations of the class b mads-box gene expression pattern associated with mitochondrial gene(s) in the ae. crassa cytoplasm. to elucidate the nuclear gene involved in the cross-talk betwee ... | 2007 | 17704940 |
| decreased toxicity to terrestrial plants associated with a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and its metabolite tert-butyl alcohol. | the influence of the main fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) and its key metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (tba), on the growth of a plant seedling was studied separately and in combination. the test plants were mung bean (phaseolus radiatus), cucumber (cucumis sativus), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), kale (brassica alboglabra), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), and sweet corn (zea mays). the growth of all the plants was adversely affected by tba and mtbe. the ... | 2007 | 17702346 |
| survival of bio-inoculants on fungicides-treated seeds of wheat, pea and chickpea and subsequent effect on chickpea yield. | survival of mesorhizobium ciceri (sp(4)) and azotobacter chroococcum (cbd-15 and m(4)) was tested on chickpea (cicer arietinum) seeds treated with fungicides bavistin [methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2yl) carbamate] and thiram (tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide), whereas survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb), pseudomonas striata (27) and bacillus polymyxa (h(5)) was examined on two cultivars (arkel and bv) of pea (pisum sativum) seeds treated with thiram. viability of azotobacter chroococcum ( ... | 2007 | 17701702 |
| the nitrate leached below maize root zone is available for deep-rooted wheat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the north china plain. | in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-summer maize (zea mays l.) rotation system in the north china plain, maize roots do not extend beyond 1.2 m in the vertical soil profile, but wheat roots can reach up to 2.0 m. increases in soil nitrate content at maize harvest and significant reductions after winter wheat harvest were observed in the 1.4-2.0 m depth under field conditions. the recovery of 15n isotope (calcium nitrate) from various (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 m) soil depths showed that ... | 2008 | 17692443 |
| predicting the impact of changing co(2) on crop yields: some thoughts on food. | recent breakthroughs in co(2) fumigation methods using free-air co(2) enrichment (face) technology have prompted comparisons between face experiments and enclosure studies with respect to quantification of the effects of projected atmospheric co(2) concentrations on crop yields. on the basis of one such comparison, it was argued that model projections of future food supply (some of which are based on older enclosure data) may have significantly overestimated the positive effect of elevated co(2) ... | 2007 | 17688578 |
| modelling wheat growth and yield losses from late epidemics of foliar diseases using loss of green leaf area per layer and pre-anthesis reserves. | background and aims: crop protection strategies, based on preventing quantitative crop losses rather than pest outbreaks, are being developed as a promising way to reduce fungicide use. the bastiaans' model was applied to winter wheat crops (triticum aestivum) affected by leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and septoria tritici blotch (stb; mycosphaerella graminicola) under a range of crop management conditions. this study examined (a) whether green leaf area per layer accurately accounts for growth ... | 2007 | 17686762 |
| expression and functional analysis of taasy1 during meiosis of bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes is required for normal chromosome segregation and the exchange of genetic material via recombination during meiosis. synapsis is complete at pachytene following the formation of a tri-partite proteinaceous structure known as the synaptonemal complex (sc). in yeast, hop1 is essential for formation of the sc, and localises along chromosome axes during prophase i. homologues in arabidopsis (atasy1), brassica (boasy1) and rice (ospair2) have been isolat ... | 2007 | 17683575 |
| cis-jasmone induces accumulation of defence compounds in wheat, triticum aestivum. | liquid phase extraction (lpe) and vapor phase extraction (vpe) methodologies were used to evaluate the impact of the plant activator, cis-jasmone, on the secondary metabolism of wheat, triticum aestivum, var. solstice. lpe allowed the measurement of benzoxazinoids, i.e. 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa), 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hmboa) and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (mboa), and phenolic acids such as trans-p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, p-hydroxyben ... | 2008 | 17681563 |
| powdery mildew resistance in 155 nordic bread wheat cultivars and landraces. | the occurrence and distribution of seedling resistance genes and the presence of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew, was investigated in a collection of 155 nordic bread wheat landraces and cultivars by inoculation with 11 powdery mildew isolates. eighty-nine accessions were susceptible in the seedling stage, while 66 accessions showed some resistance. comparisons of response patterns allowed postulation of combinations of genes pm1a, pm2, pm4b, pm5, pm6, pm8 and pm9 in 21 lines. seedling ... | 2007 | 17663702 |
| alteration of respiration capacity and transcript accumulation level of alternative oxidase genes in necrosis lines of common wheat. | mitochondrial alternative oxidase (aox) is the terminal oxidase responsible for cyanide-insensitive and salicylhydroxamic acid-sensitive respiration in plants. aox is a key enzyme of the alternative respiration pathway. to study the effects of necrotic cell death on the mitochondrial function, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), respiration capacities and accumulation patterns of mitochondria-targeted protein-encoding gene transcripts were compared between wild-type, lesion-mimic mutant ... | 2007 | 17660693 |
| the use of plant waxes as templates for micro- and nanopatterning of surfaces. | small wax sculptures on plant surfaces are responsible for a variety of functions, including the maintenance of sability, self-cleaning properties, prevention of insect attachment and reflection of light. here we report on a method for using recrystallized plant wax crystals on flat technical surfaces for generating micro- and nanopatterned polymers with particular functions. therefore a more than 4-thousand year old replica technique called the "lost wax technique" has been adapted for reproduc ... | 2007 | 17656166 |
| a ground-based comparison of nutrient delivery technologies originally developed for growing plants in the spaceflight environment. | a ground-based comparison of plant nutrient delivery systems that have been developed for microgravity application was conducted for dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. 'yecora rojo') and rapid-cycling brassica (brassica rapa l. crgc#1-33) plants. these experiments offer insight into nutrient and oxygen delivery concerns for greenhouse crop production systems. the experiments were completed over a 12-day period to simulate a typical space shuttle-based spaceflight experiment. the plant materials, ... | 2007 | 17654790 |
| identification of molecular marker and aggressiveness for different groups of bipolaris sorokiniana isolates causing spot blotch disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | one hundred fifty-five isolates of bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were studied for their morphopathological characterization. these isolates were grouped in five categories--black, brown/dull black, gray cottony growth, dull white/greenish black, and white--on the basis of their growth pattern. the frequency of the black suppressed type was maximum (45.63%), whereas the white isolate displayed lowest frequency (6.96%) in the natural population. twenty rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) prim ... | 2007 | 17647080 |
| microsatellite mapping of adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene lr22a in wheat. | this study was conducted to identify microsatellite markers (ssr) linked to the adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene lr22a and examine their cross-applicability for marker-assisted selection in different genetic backgrounds. lr22a was previously introgressed from aegilops tauschii coss. to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and located to chromosome 2ds. comparing ssr alleles from the donor of lr22a to two backcross lines and their recurrent parents showed that between two and five ssr markers were c ... | 2007 | 17646964 |
| molecular mapping of kernel shattering and its association with fusarium head blight resistance in a sumai3 derived population. | kernel shattering (ks) can cause severe grain yield loss in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the introduction of genotypes with fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance has elevated the ks importance. 'sumai3,' the most commonly used fhb-resistant germplasm worldwide, is reported to be ks susceptible. the objectives of this study were to detect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for ks and to determine the relationship between ks and fhb. a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between s ... | 2007 | 17646963 |
| mapping qtls for tissue culture response of mature wheat embryos. | the mature wheat embryo is arguably one of the best explants for genetic transformation because of its unlimited availability and lack of growth season restriction. however, an efficient regeneration system using mature wheat embryos (triticum aestivum l.) is still not available. to identify genes related to the tissue culture response (tcr) of wheat, qtls for callus induction from mature embryos and callus regeneration were mapped using an ril population derived from the cross of "wangshuibai" ... | 0 | 17646706 |
| [effects of herbicide acetochlor on physiological mechanisms in wheat and biomarkers identification]. | changes of the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidases (pod) and superoxide dismutases (sod) and the contents of chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), and soluble proteins (sp) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under the stress of acetochlor in soil were examined. the increased mda level detected in the leaves of wheat after 1 day exposure of acetochlor indicated the presence of poisoning aos. however, the difference of mda levels in leaves of different concentrations of acetochl ... | 2007 | 17639951 |
| natural variation for fertile triploid f1 hybrid formation in allohexaploid wheat speciation. | the tempo, mode, and geography of allopolyploid speciation are influenced by natural variation in the ability of parental species to express postzygotic reproductive phenotypes that affect hybrid fertility. to shed light on the impact of such natural variations, we used allohexaploid triticum aestivum wheats' evolution as a model and analyzed the geographic and phylogenetic distributions of aegilops tauschii (diploid progenitor) accessions involved in the expression of abnormality and fertility ... | 2007 | 17639301 |
| efficient and rapid agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) using additional virulence genes. | genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta. transgenic approaches to study and modify traits in durum wheat have lagged behind those for bread wheat. here we report the use of agrobacterium strain agl1, with additional vir genes housed in a helper plasmid, to transform and regenerate the durum wheat variety ofanto. the use of the basic psoup helper plasmid with no a ... | 2008 | 17638109 |
| a pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive ppd-d1a mutant of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | ppd-d1 on chromosome 2d is the major photoperiod response locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). a semi-dominant mutation widely used in the "green revolution" converts wheat from a long day (ld) to a photoperiod insensitive (day neutral) plant, providing adaptation to a broad range of environments. comparative mapping shows ppd-d1 to be colinear with the ppd-h1 gene of barley (hordeum vulgare) which is a member of the pseudo-response regulator (prr) gene family. to investigate the relati ... | 2007 | 17634915 |
| genome-wide linkage disequilibrium analysis in bread wheat and durum wheat. | bread wheat and durum wheat were examined for linkage disequilibrium (ld) using microsatellite markers distributed across the genome. the allele database consisted of 189 bread wheat accessions genotyped at 370 loci and 93 durum wheat accessions genotyped at 245 loci. a significance level of p < 0.001 was set for all comparisons. the bread and durum wheat collections showed that 47.9% and 14.0% of all locus pairs were in ld, respectively. ld was more prevalent between loci on the same chromosome ... | 2007 | 17632577 |
| a rhizosphere fungus enhances arabidopsis thermotolerance through production of an hsp90 inhibitor. | the molecular chaperone heat shock protein90 (hsp90) is essential for the maturation of key regulatory proteins in eukaryotes and for the response to temperature stress. earlier, we have reported that fungi living in association with plants of the sonoran desert produce small molecule inhibitors of mammalian hsp90. here, we address whether elaboration of the hsp90 inhibitor monocillin i (mon) by the rhizosphere fungus paraphaeosphaeria quadriseptata affects plant hsp90 and plant environmental re ... | 2007 | 17631526 |
| isolation and characterization of viviparous-1 genes in wheat cultivars with distinct aba sensitivity and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat reduces the quality and economic value of grain, and increasing phs tolerance is one of the most important traits in wheat breeding. two new vp-1b alleles related to phs tolerance were identified on the 3bl chromosome of bread wheat and were designated vp-1bb and vp-1bc. sequence analysis showed that vp-1bb has a 193 bp insertion and vp-1bc has a 83 bp deletion located in the third intron region of the vp-1b gene, and that they shared 95.43% and 97.89% simila ... | 2007 | 17630295 |
| soil water availability modulation over estimated relative yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to ozone exposure. | the approach developed by fuhrer in 1995 to estimate wheat yield losses induced by ozone and modulated by the soil water content (swc) was applied to the data on catalonian wheat yields. the aim of our work was to apply this approach and adjust it to mediterranean environmental conditions by means of the necessary corrections. the main objective pursued was to prove the importance of soil water availability in the estimation of relative wheat yield losses as a factor that modifies the effects of ... | 2007 | 17619747 |
| contaminants in organically and conventionally produced winter wheat (triticum aestivum) in belgium. | a database has been compiled with the levels of important contaminants (mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides) measured from 2002 to 2005 in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in belgium according to the organic and conventional farming systems. assuming no further change in contaminant levels during cereal processing and during the preparation of foodstuffs, conservative intakes are estimated for the consumers of cereal-based products such as flour, bread, breakfast cereals, dough and pas ... | 0 | 17613056 |
| molecular characterization of vernalization response genes in canadian spring wheat. | vernalization response (vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering/maturity times of spring-sown wheat. we characterized a representative set of 40 western canadian adapted spring wheat cultivars/lines for 3 vrn loci. the 40 genotypes were screened, along with 4 genotypes of known vrn genes, using previously published genome-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed for detecting the presence or absence of dominant or recessive alleles of the major vrn loci: vrn-a1, vrn- ... | 2007 | 17612620 |
| the alpha-tubulin gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and differential gene expression during cold acclimation. | the alpha-tubulins and beta-tubulins are the major constituents of microtubules, which have been recognized as important structural elements in cell growth and morphogenesis, and, recently, for their role in regulation and signal transduction. we have identified 15 full-length cdnas for the members of the alpha-tubulin gene family in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the genes were clustered into 5 homeologous groups of 3 genes. representatives of the 5 homeologous groups were mapped ... | 2007 | 17612619 |
| leaf rust resistance gene lr1, isolated from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a member of the large psr567 gene family. | in hexaploid wheat, leaf rust resistance gene lr1 is located at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5d. to clone this gene, an f(1)-derived doubled haploid population and a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between the susceptible cultivar ac karma and the resistant line 87e03-s2b1 were phenotyped for resistance to puccinia triticina race 1-1 bbb that carries the avirulence gene avr1. a high-resolution genetic map of the lr1 locus was constructed using microsatellite, resi ... | 2007 | 17611798 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of pathogenic isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) in the state of paraná, brazil. | isolates of pyricularia grisea from wheat (triticum aestivum lam.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) spikes with blast symptoms were analyzed by classical (vcg) and molecular (rapd) techniques. p. grisea mutants, unable to use sodium nitrate (nit) as nitrogen source, were obtained with potassium chlorate. for vegetative compatibility (vcg) tests, genetically complementary nit mutant pairs were inoculated in a medium with sodium nitrate as a single nitrogen source. p. grisea isolates were ... | 2007 | 17604441 |
| a mathematical model on the effect of m. denticulata weed on different winter crops. | many weeds interfere with the productivity of wheat and other winter annual crops; however, one common weed medicago denticulata, appears to have a beneficial effect. an experiment was conducted at agricultural experimental farm of the indian statistical institute, giridih, jharkhand to observe the effect of m. denticulata (a legume) on different crops yield of barley (hordeum vulgare sensu lato), linseed (linum usitatissimum l.), indian mustard [brassica juncea (l.) czernj. & cosson] and wheat ... | 2007 | 17602829 |
| gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. however, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. | 2007 | 17598921 |
| fractionated extracts of russian wheat aphid eliciting defense responses in wheat. | it is hypothesized that the interaction between aphids and plants follows a gene-for-gene model. the recent appearance of several new russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (homoptera: aphididae), biotypes in the united states and the differential response of wheat, triticum aestivum l., genotypes containing different resistance genes also suggest a gene-for-gene interaction. however, aphid elicitors remain unknown. this study was conducted to identify fractionated russian wheat aphid ... | 2007 | 17598566 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the nf-y family of transcription factors in triticum aestivum. | nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a trimeric complex that binds to the ccaat box, a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter element. the three subunits nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc are represented by single genes in yeast and mammals. however, in model plant species (arabidopsis and rice) multiple genes encode each subunit providing the impetus for the investigation of the nf-y transcription factor family in wheat. a total of 37 nf-y and dr1 genes (10 nf-ya, 11 nf-yb, 14 nf-yc and 2 dr1) in triticum aestivum were ide ... | 2007 | 17598077 |
| preceding crop affects grain cadmium and zinc of wheat grown in saline soils of central iran. | enhanced cd concentrations in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain produced on saline soils of central iran have been recently reported. because wheat bread is a major dietary component for the iranian people, practical approaches to decrease cd concentration in wheat grain were investigated. this study investigated the influence of sunflower-wheat vs. cotton-wheat rotations on extractable cd and on cd uptake by wheat in these salt-affected soils. two fields with different levels of cd contaminati ... | 2007 | 17596621 |
| non-destructive diffraction enhanced imaging of seeds. | techniques that make possible the non-destructive continuous observation of plant anatomy and developmental processes provide novel insights into these phenomena. non-destructive imaging of seeds was demonstrated using the synchrotron-based x-ray imaging technique, diffraction enhanced imaging (dei). the seed images obtained had good contrast and definition, allowing anatomical structures and physiological events to be observed. structures such as hypocotyl-root axes, cotyledons, seed coats, air ... | 2007 | 17595197 |
| genotyping of somatic hybrids between festuca arundinacea schreb. and triticum aestivum l. | in order to genotype hybrid genomes of distant asymmetric somatic hybrids, we synthesized hybrid calli and plants via peg-mediated protoplast fusion between recipient tall fescue (festuca. arundinacea schreb.) and donor wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seventeen and 25 putative hybrid clones were produced from the fusion combinations i and ii, each with the donor wheat protoplast treated by uv light for 30 s and 1 min, respectively. isozyme and rapd profiles confirmed that ten hybrid clones were ob ... | 2007 | 17594098 |
| genetic and epigenetic alteration among three homoeologous genes of a class e mads box gene in hexaploid wheat. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with a, b, and d ancestral genomes. most bread wheat genes are present in the genome as triplicated homoeologous genes (homoeologs) derived from the ancestral species. here, we report that both genetic and epigenetic alterations have occurred in the homoeologs of a wheat class e mads box gene. two class e genes are identified in wheat, wheat sepallata (wsep) and wheat leafy hull sterile1 (wlhs1), which are homologs of os mads45 and os mads1 ... | 2007 | 17586655 |
| relevance of anti-reactive oxygen species activity to anti-inflammatory activity of components of eviprostat, a phytotherapeutic agent for benign prostatic hyperplasia. | inflammation is a common finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph). the phytotherapeutic agent eviprostat is a popular treatment for bph in japan and germany. this agent consists of five components; four are extracted from chimaphila umbellata, populus tremula, pulsatilla pratensis and equisetum arvense (coded as evi-1, evi-2, evi-3 and evi-4, respectively) and the fifth is germ oil from triticum aestivum (coded as evi-5). in this study, the effects of each component on the reactive oxygen s ... | 2007 | 17583488 |
| genetic analysis of bread-making quality scores in bread wheat using a recombinant inbred line population. | bread-making quality has been evaluated in a progeny of 194 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross between the two french cultivars récital and renan, cultivated in three environments. these cultivars have been previously identified as having contrasting grain protein content and dough rheology properties, although they achieve similar scores for the official bread-making test used for cultivar registration in france. however the progeny displayed a wide range of variations, suggesting t ... | 2007 | 17581736 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for endogenous reference gene for specific detection and quantification of common wheat-derived dna (triticum aestivum l.). | a species-specific endogenous reference gene system was developed for polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based analysis in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by targeting the almt1 gene, an aluminium-activated malate transporter. the primers and probe were elaborated for real-time pcr-based qualitative and quantitative assay. the size of amplified product is 95 base pairs. the specificity was assessed on 17 monocot and dicot plant species. the established real-time pcr assay amplified only t. aest ... | 2008 | 17580632 |
| [effect of antioxidant-ambiol on the radiation adaptive response]. | for studying of the mechanism of adaptive response of plants the seeds of soft wheat triticum aestivum cultivar moscovskaya 39 were irradiated in doses 0.25, 50 and 0.25 + 50 gy and the frequency of cells with aberrations and the mitotic activity in the meristem of seedlings were scored. the pre- and post-treatments of seeds with antioxidant--ambiol were also used. it was found that the exposure of seeds to 0.25 gy reduce the effects of challenge dose of 50 gy: the mitotic index increases and th ... | 2016 | 17571724 |
| fine mapping and targeted snp survey using rice-wheat gene colinearity in the region of the bo1 boron toxicity tolerance locus of bread wheat. | toxicity due to high levels of soil boron (b) represents a significant limitation to cereal production in some regions, and the bo1 gene provides a major source of b toxicity tolerance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a novel approach was used to develop primers to amplify and sequence gene fragments specifically from the bo1 region of the hexaploid wheat genome. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) identified were then used to generate markers close to bo1 on the distal end of chromosom ... | 2007 | 17571251 |
| using genotype x nitrogen interaction variables to evaluate the qtl involved in wheat tolerance to nitrogen constraints. | lower market prices and environmental concerns now orientate wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding programs towards low input agricultural practices, and more particularly low nitrogen (n) input management. such programs require knowledge of the genetic determination of plant reaction to n deficiency. our aim was to characterize the genetic basis of n use efficiency and genotype x n interactions. the detection of qtl for grain yield, grain protein yield and their components was performed on a ma ... | 2007 | 17569029 |
| qtl associated with fusarium head blight resistance in the soft red winter wheat ernie. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schw. (petch)], is an increasingly important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). host-plant resistance provides the best hope for reducing economic losses associated with fhb, but new sources of resistance are limited. the moderately resistant winter wheat cultivar, ernie, may provide a source of resistance that differs from sumai 3 but these genes have not been mapped. also hindering resis ... | 2007 | 17569028 |
| effects of soil cadmium on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). | effects of different concentrations of soil cadmium (0-33mg kg(-1)) on growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidant response of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated using pot experiments. a slight stimulatory effect on seedling growth was observed, especially at low cd concentrations (less than 3.3mg kg(-1)). results of the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) determination showed a decrease in unstable free radical level in the leaves, followed by a significant increase with i ... | 2007 | 17568654 |
| gender-specific selection on codon usage in plant genomes. | currently, there is little data available regarding the role of gender-specific gene expression on synonymous codon usage (translational selection) in most organisms, and particularly plants. using gender-specific est libraries (with > 4000 ests) from zea mays and triticum aestivum, we assessed whether gender-specific gene expression per se and gender-specific gene expression level are associated with selection on codon usage. | 2007 | 17567911 |
| high salt stress induces swollen prothylakoids in dark-grown wheat and alters both prolamellar body transformation and reformation after irradiation. | high salinity causes ion imbalance and osmotic stress in plants. leaf sections from 8-d-old dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum cv. giza 168) were exposed to high salt stress (600 mm) and the native arrangements of plastid pigments together with the ultrastructure of the plastids were studied using low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. although plastids from salt-treated leaves had highly swollen prothylakoids (pts) the prolamellar bodies (plbs) were reg ... | 2007 | 17562691 |
| priming of seeds with nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) alleviates the inhibition on wheat seed germination by salt stress. | the effect of snp, an no donor, on seed germination of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. 'dk961') under salt stress was studied. the results showed that priming of seeds with 0.06 mmol/l snp for 24 h markedly alleviated the decrease of the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index and imbibition rate of wheat seeds under salt stress. snp significantly alleviated the decrease of the beta-amylase activity but almost did not affect the alpha-amylase activity of wheat seeds under salt str ... | 2007 | 17556812 |
| [the mechanisms of variation of subtelomeric repeats speltl in the progeny of introgressive line triticum aestivum l. x aegilops speltoides tausch]. | quantitative variation of species-specific subtelomeric repeat speltl was studied in the progeny of an individual accession from the introgressive line triticum aestivum x aegilops speltoides. in the progeny, no cases of the speltl increased content were observed. on the contrary, in some cases statistically significant decrease of the repeat copy number was detected. it seems likely that the mechanisms of the spelt1 elimination involve either the selection at the gamete level versus the increas ... | 2007 | 17555135 |
| [genetic control of the spring habit in old local cultivars and landraces of common wheat from siberia]. | the inheritance of the spring habit was studied in 63 old local cultivars and landraces of common wheat from eastern and western siberia and the tyva republic. minimal polymorphism was observed for the dominant vrn genes, controlling the spring habit in landraces of these regions. the control was digenic and involved the vrnl and vrn2 dominant genes in the majority (95%) of cultivars and was monogenic in three cultivars. none of the cultivars had the vrn3 dominant gene, characteristic of the nei ... | 2007 | 17555122 |
| comparison between gradient-dependent hydraulic conductivities of roots using the root pressure probe: the role of pressure propagations and implications for the relative roles of parallel radial pathways. | hydrostatic pressure relaxations with the root pressure probe are commonly used for measuring the hydraulic conductivity (lp(r)) of roots. we compared the lp(r) of roots from species with different root hydraulic properties (lupinus angustifolius l. 'merrit', lupinus luteus l. 'wodjil', triticum aestivum l. 'kulin' and zea mays l. 'pacific dk 477') using pressure relaxations, a pressure clamp and osmotic gradients to induce water flow across the root. only the pressure clamp measures water flow ... | 2007 | 17547657 |
| development and molecular cytogenetic identification of new winter wheat--winter barley ('martonvásári 9 kr1' - 'igri') disomic addition lines. | this paper describes a series of winter wheat - winter barley disomic addition lines developed from hybrids between winter wheat line triticum aestivum l. 'martonvásári 9 kr1' and the german 2-rowed winter barley cultivar hordeum vulgare l. 'igri'. the barley chromosomes in a wheat background were identified from the fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) patterns obtained with various combinations of repetitive dna probes: gaa-hvt01 and pta71-hvt01. the disomic addition lines 2h, 3h, and 4h a ... | 2007 | 17546070 |
| cloning and characterization of micrornas from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small, non-coding regulatory rnas that regulate gene expression by guiding target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. so far, identification of mirnas has been limited to a few model plant species, such as arabidopsis, rice and populus, whose genomes have been sequenced. wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. to date, only a few conserved mirnas have been predicted in wheat and the computational identification of wheat mirnas requires ... | 2007 | 17543110 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of crmdr1, a novel mdr-type abc transporter gene from catharanthus roseus. | a novel gene encoding a mdr-like abc transporter protein was cloned from catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant with more than 120 kinds of secondary metabolites, through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). this gene (named as crmdr1; genbank accession no.: dq660356) had a total length of 4395 bp with an open reading frame of 3801 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 137.1 kda. the crmdr1 protein shared 59.8, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity wi ... | 2007 | 17541839 |
| photosynthetic responses of wheat, triticum aestivum l., to defoliation patterns on individual leaves. | the impact of defoliation by fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), on the photosynthetic rates of injured, individual wheat, triticum aestivum l., leaves and the impact of different spatial patterns of artificial insect defoliation on photosynthesis of remaining leaf tissue of injured, individual wheat leaves were evaluated in this study. photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded in the flag-leaves of wheat plants 1 and 24 h a ... | 2007 | 17540071 |
| factors contributing to enhanced freezing tolerance in wheat during frost hardening in the light. | the interaction between light and temperature during the development of freezing tolerance was studied in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. mv emese). ten-day-old plants were cold hardened at 5 degrees c for 12 days under normal (250 micromol m(-2)s(-1)) or low light (20 micromol m(-2)s(-1)) conditions. some of the plants were kept at 20/18 degrees c for 12 days at high light intensity (500 micromol m(-2)s(-1)), which also increased the freezing tolerance of winter wheat. the freezing surv ... | 2007 | 17537468 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes. | comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. first, the expansion of the ir at the ssc/ira boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5' end of ndhh is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily pooideae (agrostis, hordeum and triticum). second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhk is shared by agrosti ... | 2007 | 17534593 |
| the einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum) mutant, maintained vegetative phase, is caused by a deletion in the vrn1 gene. | the einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum) mutant, maintained vegetative phase (mvp), was induced by nitrogen ion-beam treatment and was identified by its inability to transit from the vegetative to reproductive phase. in our previous study, we showed that wap1 (wheat apetala1) is a key gene in the regulatory pathway that controls phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in common wheat. wap1 is an ortholog of the vrn1 gene that is responsible for vernalization insensitivity in einko ... | 2007 | 17507783 |
| dissection of barley chromosome 5h in common wheat. | we dissected barley chromosome 5h added to common wheat by a genetic method or the gametocidal system. firstly, we induced chromosomal breaks in the offspring of a 5h addition line of common wheat carrying a gametocidal chromosome and cytologically screened for plants with structural chromosomal changes involving 5h, such as deletions and translocations. secondly, we screened the progeny of such plants to establish common wheat lines carrying structurally changed chromosomes containing single se ... | 2007 | 17507778 |
| generation of novel high quality hmw-gs genes in two introgression lines of triticum aestivum/agropyron elongatum. | high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) have been proved to be mostly correlated with the processing quality of common wheat (triticum aestivum). but wheat cultivars have limited number of high quality hmw-gs. however, novel hmw-gs were found to be present in many wheat asymmetric somatic hybrid introgression lines of common wheat/agropyron elongatum. | 2007 | 17502002 |
| heat-induced accumulation of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, in winter wheat. | chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize (zea mays). chloroplast ef-tu is highly conserved, and it is possible that this protein may be of importance to heat tolerance in other species including wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we assessed heat tolerance and determined the relative levels of ef-tu in mature plants (at flowering stage) of 12 cultivars of winter wheat experiencing a 16-d-long heat treatment (36/30 degrees c, da ... | 2008 | 17498838 |
| occurrence of "mammalian" lignans in plant and water sources. | enterolignans, also called "mammalian" lignans because they are formed in the intestine of mammals after ingestion of plant lignans, were identified for the first time in extracts of four tree species, i.e., in knot heartwood of the hardwood species fagus sylvatica and in knot or stem heartwood of the softwood species araucaria angustifolia, picea smithiana, and abies cilicia. they were also identified for the first time in grain extracts of cultivated plants, i.e., in 15 cereal species, in 3 nu ... | 2007 | 17497165 |
| [the effects of gene rht8 alleles in agronomic traits of winter bread wheat in the conditions of south steppe of the ukraine]. | resistance to frost, winterhardiness, yield and its components were investigated in recombinant-inbred lines f5 odesskaya 16/bezostaya 1 and 61 winter wheat varieties differing on the alleles of rht8 gene. the absence of influence of gene rht8 different alleles on the tested traits was shown. the high frequency of distribution of alleles rht8c in modern wheat varieties developed in plant breeding and genetics institute is a result of high frequency of use of this allele in genetic pool after 195 ... | 2008 | 17494341 |
| inheritance and expression of copies of transgenes 1dx5 and 1ax1 in elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties transferred from transgenic wheat through conventional crossing. | to study the inheritance and expression of multiple copies of transgenes from transgenic wheat lines, three crosses between transgenic wheat lines b72-8-11b and b102-1-2 and chinese elite wheat varieties chuan89-107 and emai18 were carried out. chuan89-107x72-8-11b, chuan89-107x102-1-2 and emai18x72-8-11b, and f(1) plants were selfed or backcrossed to obtain different generation populations. protein analysis in grains of f(1) and f(2) and backcross progenies of bc(1)f(1), bc(1)f(2), bc(1)f(3), b ... | 2007 | 17492135 |
| response of photosynthetic apparatus to moderate high temperature in contrasting wheat cultivars at different oxygen concentrations. | the photosynthetic responses to moderately high temperatures (38 degrees c, imposed at 21% or 2% o(2) in air and 1500 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) were compared in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in northern regions of ukraine and expected to be relatively sensitive to high temperatures ('north' cultivars) and in cultivars grown in southern regions and expected to be relatively heat-tolerant ('south' cultivars). heating intact leaves in 21% o(2) for 1 h decreased co(2) assimilation by c. 63% ... | 2007 | 17490996 |
| kraft mill sludge to improve vegetal production in chilean andisol. | the effect of kraft mill sludge addition (25 to 75 ton/ha) to soil derived from volcanic ashes (andisol) on wheat (triticum aestivum l.cv. puken) biomass production, and in the nutrient absorption by the plants was evaluated. respiration activity and seed germination tests were carried out on the soil/sludge mixtures, in order to evaluate possible toxic effects due to the sludge addition to the soil. soil without sludge was used as a control treatment. the plants were grown in a greenhouse (25 d ... | 2007 | 17486832 |
| [introgression of aegilops genetic material into the genome of hexaploid triticale]. | cytological analysis of different meiosis stages was performed in f4 hybrids in comparison with the f1 hybrids obtained through crosses between the hexaploid triticale and genome-substitution forms of aurolata (aabbuu) and aurosis (aabbs(sh)s(sh)) wheat, in which d genome of common wheat aurora was substituted for the genomes of aegilops umbellulata and ae. sharonensis, respectively. it was demonstrated that in f4 the level of bivalent conjugation was substantially higher than the expected one. ... | 2007 | 17486755 |
| cytokinin promotes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and preserves the chloroplast integrity during dark-senescence. | increased oxidative stress displayed during dark-senescence of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) is caused not only by the increased levels of radicals but also by a loss of antioxidant capacity. mature leaves were incubated in 6-benzylaminopurine (bap 10(-4)m) or water (control) during 6d in the dark. the senescence-delaying effect of bap was associated with the retention of the chloroplast structure, 60% of the initial content of chlorophyll (chl) and 77% of the initial content of protein. b ... | 2007 | 17485137 |
| sucrose regulated expression of a ca2+-dependent protein kinase (tacdpk1) gene in excised leaves of wheat. | sucrose (suc) can influence the expression of a large number of genes and thereby regulates many metabolic and developmental processes. however, the suc sensing and the components of the ensuing signaling transduction pathway leading to the regulation of gene expression are not fully understood. we have shown that protein kinases and phosphatases are involved in the suc induced expression of fructosyltransferase (ft) genes and fructan accumulation by an hexokinase independent pathway in wheat (t ... | 2007 | 17482472 |
| hemi-nested touchdown pcr combined with primer-template mismatch pcr for rapid isolation and sequencing of low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene family from a hexaploid wheat bac library. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) possesses a large genome that contains 1.6 x 1010 bp of dna. isolation of a large number of gene sequences from complex gene families with a high level of gene sequence identity from genomic dna is therefore difficult and time-consuming. bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries can be useful for such work. here we report on an efficient approach for rapid isolation and sequencing of the low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene family from the 'glen ... | 2007 | 17480230 |
| physical mapping and identification of a candidate for the leaf rust resistance gene lr1 of wheat. | lr1 is a dominant leaf rust resistance gene located on chromosome 5dl of bread wheat and the wild species aegilops tauschii. in this study, three polymorphic markers (wr001, wr002, and wr003) were developed from resistance gene analogs (rgas) clustering around the lr1 locus. using these and other markers, lr1 was mapped to a genetic interval of 0.79 cm in ae. tauschii and 0.075 cm in wheat. the caps marker wr003, derived from lr1rga1, co-segregated with lr1 in both mapping populations of wheat a ... | 2007 | 17479240 |
| a single binding site mediates resistance- and disease-associated activities of the effector protein nip1 from the barley pathogen rhynchosporium secalis. | the effector protein nip1 from the barley (hordeum vulgare) pathogen rhynchosporium secalis specifically induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in cultivars of barley expressing the complementary resistance gene, rrs1. in addition, it stimulates the activity of the barley plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in a genotype-unspecific manner and it induces necrotic lesions in leaf tissues of barley and other cereal plant species. nip1 variants type i and ii, which display quantitative difference ... | 2007 | 17478637 |
| biological responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide chlorotoluron in soils. | chlorotoluron is a phenylurea herbicide that is widely used for controlling grass weeds in the land of cereal, cotton and fruit production. however, extensive use of this herbicide may lead to its accumulation in ecosystems, thus inducing the toxicity to crops and vegetables. to assess chlorotoluron-induced toxicity in plants, we performed the experiment focusing on the metabolic adaptation of wheat plants (triticum aestivum) to the chlorotoluron-induced oxidative stress. the wheat plants were c ... | 2007 | 17462703 |
| suppressive potential of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) flour against five species of stored-product mites (acari: acarididae). | previous research has demonstrated that legume proteins have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests, but activity against stored-product mites has not been tested. a study was therefore conducted to explore the potential of bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., flour as novel botanical acaricide against five species of storage and dust mites: acarus siro l., aleuroglyphus ovatus (troupeau), caloglyphus redickorzevi (zachvatkin), lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank), and tyrophagus putrescentiae ... | 2007 | 17461087 |
| molecular rearrangement in por macrodomains as a reason for the blue shift of chlorophyllide fluorescence observed after phototransformation. | the activation energy and activation volume of the spectral blue shift subsequent to protochlorophyllide phototransformation (called shibata shift in intact leaves) were studied in prolamellar body (plb) and prothylakoid-(pt)-enriched membrane fractions prepared from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) leaves. the measurements were done at 20, 30 and 40 degrees c and at various pressure values. the activation energy values were 181+/-8 kj mol(-1) and 188+/-6 kj mol(-1) for the plbs and the ... | 2007 | 17459331 |
| d hordeins of hordeum chilense: a novel source of variation for improvement of wheat. | the high molecular weight subunits of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) glutenin (hmw-gs) are important in determining the bread-making quality of flour and dough. there is therefore interest in transferring orthologous hmw-gs present in other grass species into wheat by wide crossing in order to extend the range of end use properties. in this work, we have isolated and characterized two genes encoding d hordeins from hordeum chilense (roem. et schult.) lines h1 and h7, representing two ecotypes. the ... | 2007 | 17458535 |
| alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of india. | soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (fym), and crop management practices on a semiarid inceptisol in india. soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the indian agricultural research institute (iari) nea ... | 2008 | 17457684 |
| influence of crop residues on trifluralin mineralization in a silty clay loam soil. | trifluralin is typically applied onto crop residues (trash, stubble) at the soil surface, or onto the bare soil surface after the incorporation of crop residues into the soil. the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the type and amount of crop residues in soil on trifluralin mineralization in a wellwood silty clay loam soil. leaves and stubble of potato (solanum tuberosum) (p); canola (brassica napus) (c), wheat (triticum aestivum) (w), oats (avena sativa), (o), and alfalfa (me ... | 2015 | 17454379 |
| characterization of a cinnamoyl-coa reductase that is associated with stem development in wheat. | cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is responsible for the coa ester to aldehyde conversion in monolignol biosynthesis, which diverts phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites into the biosynthesis of lignin. to gain a better understanding of lignin biosynthesis and its biological function, a cdna encoding ccr was identified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and designated as ta-ccr1. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ta-ccr1 grouped together with other monocot ccr sequences while it diverged from ta-cc ... | 2007 | 17452751 |
| role of hydrogen peroxide during the interaction between the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen septoria tritici and wheat. | hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is reported to inhibit biotrophic but benefit necrotrophic pathogens. infection by necrotrophs can result in a massive accumulation of h(2)o(2) in hosts. little is known of how pathogens with both growth types are affected (hemibiotrophs). the hemibiotroph, septoria tritici, infecting wheat (triticum aestivum) is inhibited by h(2)o(2) during the biotrophic phase, but a large h(2)o(2) accumulation occurs in the host during reproduction. here, we infiltrated catalase, ... | 2007 | 17447918 |
| targeted molecular engineering of a family 11 endoxylanase to decrease its sensitivity towards triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitor types. | the bacillus subtilis endoxylanase xyna (bsxy) is frequently used to improve the functionality of arabinoxylan-containing material in cereal based industries. the presence of endogenous triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (taxi-i and taxi-ii) in wheat is a real concern as they have a direct negative impact on the efficiency of this enzyme. here, we used the recently determined structure of the complex between taxi-i and an endoxylanase of aspergillus niger to develop inhibitor-insensitive bsxy ... | 2007 | 17445930 |
| effects of tillage on the activity density and biological diversity of carabid beetles in spring and winter crops. | the effects of tillage regimen (conventional [ct] and no-tillage [nt]) on the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) was studied by pitfall trapping within a rain-fed cropping system in northwestern idaho, 2000-2002. the cropping rotation consisted of a spring cereal (barley, hordeum vulgare l., in 2000 and 2001; and wheat, triticum aestivum l., in 2002), spring dry pea (pisum sativum l.) 2000-2002, and wheat (t. aestivum), spring in 2000 and 2001, and winter i ... | 2007 | 17445370 |
| grinding up wheat: a massive loss of nucleotide diversity since domestication. | several demographic and selective events occurred during the domestication of wheat from the allotetraploid wild emmer (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). cultivated wheat has since been affected by other historical events. we analyzed nucleotide diversity at 21 loci in a sample of 101 individuals representing 4 taxa corresponding to representative steps in the recent evolution of wheat (wild, domesticated, cultivated durum, and bread wheats) to unravel the evolutionary history of cultivated w ... | 2007 | 17443011 |
| molecular genetic improvement of cereals: transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | only modest progress has been made in the molecular genetic improvement of wheat following the production of the first transgenic plants in 1992, made possible by the development of efficient, long-term regenerable embryogenic cultures derived from immature embryos and use of the biolistics method for the direct delivery of dna into regenerable cells. transgenic lines expressing genes that confer resistance to environmentally friendly non-selective herbicides, and pests and pathogens have been p ... | 0 | 17431631 |
| a qtl on chromosome 6a in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is associated with longer coleoptiles, greater seedling vigour and final plant height. | wheat crops with greater early vigour shade the soil surface more rapidly and reduce water loss. evaporative losses affect water-use efficiency particularly in drier regions where most of the rainfall occurs early in the growing season before canopy closure. greater seedling leaf area and longer coleoptiles are major determinants of increased vigour and better crop establishment. a previously developed high vigour breeding line 'vigour 18' was used to establish a large recombinant inbred family ... | 2007 | 17429602 |
| allelic variation of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) genes located on chromosomes 2a and 2d and development of functional markers for the ppo genes in common wheat. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity is highly related to the undesirable browning of wheat-based end products, especially asian noodles. characterization of ppo genes and the development of their functional markers are of great importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in the present study, complete genomic dna sequences of two ppo genes, one each located on chromosomes 2a and 2d and their allelic variants were characterized by means of in silico cloning and experimental validati ... | 2007 | 17426955 |
| complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the triticeae. | most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. the closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, aabbdd), as well as in the related triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the triticeae, including triti ... | 2006 | 17426778 |
| mapping of fhb resistance qtls in tetraploid wheat. | triticum turgidum l var. durum is known to be particularly susceptible to infection by fusarium graminearum, the causal agent for fusarium head blight (fhb), which results in severe yield losses and grain contaminated with mycotoxins. this research was aimed at identifying fhb resistance in tetraploid wheat and mapping the location of fhb resistance genes. a tetraploid cross of durum wheat ('strongfield') x triticum carthlicum ('blackbird') was used to generate a doubled-haploid (dh) population. ... | 2006 | 17426773 |
| molecular characterization and chromosome-specific trap-marker development for langdon durum d-genome disomic substitution lines. | the aneuploid stocks of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husnot) and common wheat (t. aestivum l.) have been developed mainly in 'langdon' (ldn) and 'chinese spring' (cs) cultivars, respectively. the ldn-cs d-genome chromosome disomic substitution (ldn-ds) lines, where a pair of cs d-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous a- or b-genome chromosome pair of ldn, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. ... | 2006 | 17426769 |
| induction of phenolic compounds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tissue cultures by streptomycin. | the tissue cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were induced from the mature embryos (explants) of the dry grains and grown on ms medium containing kinetin (0.1 mg/1) and 2,4 d (1.0 mg/l). the cultures were incubated for two weeks at (25+/-2) degrees c under a light/dark regime (16 h light daily). the formed calli were subcultured at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (15 days) with fresh ms medium containing 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/l streptomycin elicitor and maintained for ... | 2013 | 17425105 |
| wheat phytotoxicity from arsenic and cadmium separately and together in solution culture and in a calcareous soil. | the toxicity of two toxic elements, arsenic (as) and cadmium (cd) (individually or in combination) on root elongation of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, l.) were investigated both in hydroponics and in soils freshly spiked with the toxic elements. median effective concentration (ec(50)) and non-observed effect concentration (noec) were used to investigate the toxic thresholds and potencies of the two elements. the ec(50) for as was 0.97 microm in hydroponics and 196 mgkg(-1) in soil, and 4.3 ... | 2007 | 17418485 |
| meiotic restitution in wheat polyhaploids (amphihaploids): a potent evolutionary force. | polyploidy is well recognized as a major force in plant speciation. among the polyploids in nature, allopolyploids are preponderant and include important crop plants like bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd genomes). allopolyploidy must result through concomitant or sequential events that entail interspecific or intergeneric hybridization and chromosome doubling in the resultant hybrids. to gain insight into the mechanism of evolution of wheat, we extracted polyhaploids of 2 ... | 2010 | 17416932 |