Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| mapping of a major stripe rust resistance gene in chinese native wheat variety chike using microsatellite markers. | chike (accession number su1900), a chinese native wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety, is resistant to the currently prevailing physiological races of puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici in china. genetic analysis indicated that resistance to the physiological race cy32 of the pathogen in the variety was controlled by one dominant gene. in this study, bsa (bulked segregant analysis) methods and ssrs (simple sequence repeats) marker polymorphic analysis are used to map the gene. the res ... | 2007 | 18155625 |
| a cytogenetic study dealing with the transfer of genes from triticum timopheevi to common wheat by backcrossing. | 2016 | 18113659 | |
| tamsh7: a cereal mismatch repair gene that affects fertility in transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | chromosome pairing, recombination and dna repair are essential processes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. investigating the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ph2 (pairing homoeologous) locus has identified numerous candidate genes that may have a role in controlling such processes, including tamsh7, a plant specific member of the dna mismatch repair family. | 2007 | 18096080 |
| xylanase inhibitors bind to nonstarch polysaccharides. | this study is an in-depth investigation of the interaction between polysaccharides and the proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors, triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi), xylanase inhibitor protein (xip), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (tlxi). the binding affinities of all three known types of xylanase inhibitors from wheat are studied by measuring the residual xylanase inhibition activity after incubation of the inhibitors in the presence of different polysaccharides, such as beta-glucan ... | 2008 | 18092758 |
| plastid omega3-fatty acid desaturase-dependent accumulation of a systemic acquired resistance inducing activity in petiole exudates of arabidopsis thaliana is independent of jasmonic acid. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is an inducible defense mechanism that is activated throughout the plant, subsequent to localized inoculation with a pathogen. the establishment of sar requires translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated leaf to the distal organs, where salicylic acid-dependent defenses are activated. we demonstrate here that petiole exudates (pexs) collected from arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (avr) pseudomonas syringae strain promote resi ... | 2008 | 18088304 |
| molecular dissection of variation in carbohydrate metabolism related to water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in stems of wheat. | water-soluble carbohydrates (wscs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [suc], glucose [glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. variation in stem wsc concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. here, we describe the molecular dissection of carbohydrate metabolism in stems, at the wsc accumulation phase, of recombinant inbred seri/bab ... | 2008 | 18083795 |
| [ultrastructural basis of biotrophic relationships between brown rust fungus and common wheat]. | the ultrastructural research of relationships between common wheat and brown rust fungus puccinia triticina demonstrated that the biotrophy was based on the induction of plant cytoplasmic aggregate organization, nuclear migration to haustorium and stimulation of mesophyll cell metabolism. resistant reactions in the form of hypersensitivity and depositions on plant cell walls were suppressed up to fungal sporogenesis. cytoplasmic reorganization and nuclear taxis to haustorium were not registered ... | 2007 | 18074780 |
| fine scale genetic and physical mapping using interstitial deletion mutants of lr34 /yr18: a disease resistance locus effective against multiple pathogens in wheat. | the lr34/yr18 locus has contributed to durable, non-race specific resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum). lr34/yr18 also cosegregates with resistance to powdery mildew (pm38) and a leaf tip necrosis phenotype (ltn1). using a high resolution mapping family from a cross between near-isogenic lines in the "thatcher" background we demonstrated that lr34/yr18 also cosegregated with stem rust resistance in the fiel ... | 2008 | 18074114 |
| use of near-isogenic wheat lines to determine the glutenin composition and functionality requirements for flour tortillas. | in wheat ( triticum aestivum l), the synthesis of high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins (gs) is controlled by three heterologous genetic loci present on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes. the loci glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1 and their allelic variants play important roles in the functional properties of wheat flour. this study focused on understanding the functionality of these protein subunits on tortilla quality. near-isogenic wheat lines in which one or more of these loci were absent ... | 2008 | 18072743 |
| effect of landfill leachate on cell cycle, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange in triticum aestivum. | with increasing use of municipal solid waste landfills for waste disposal, the leachate generated has become a serious environmental concern. therefore, it is important to set up simple and accurate methods for monitoring leachate toxicity. in the present study, the physiological and genetic toxicity of the leachate, generated from xingou municipal landfill in china, were investigated with triticum aestivum (wheat) bioassay. the results indicate that the lower leachate concentrations stimulated ... | 2008 | 18068897 |
| [wheat domestication and bread wheat speciation: variation produced by intraspecific differentiation and allopolyploidization]. | 2007 | 18064884 | |
| [molecular phylogenetics of cultivated plants, with special reference to maize and common wheat]. | 2007 | 18064882 | |
| increased freezing tolerance through up-regulation of downstream genes via the wheat cbf gene in transgenic tobacco. | the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cbf gene family is assumed to play important roles in development of low-temperature and freezing tolerance through activation of the downstream cor/lea genes. however, no direct evidence shows association of the wheat cbf genes with stress tolerance or any interaction between wheat cbf transcription factors and cor/lea gene activation. here, we introduced wcbf2, one of the wheat cbf genes, into the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) genome. expression of wcbf2 signi ... | 2008 | 18061465 |
| snp and haplotype identification of the wheat monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes. | seventy-three gene sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors were characterized from cultivated wheat "chinese spring", group 6 nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of "chinese spring" and diploid putative progenitors of common wheat. the monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors from the different sources shared very high homology (99.54%). the different alpha-amylase inhibitors, which were determined by the 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of their gene sequences, were investigated. a tot ... | 2008 | 18060568 |
| the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian cultivars of triticum aestivum measured by dart markers and considered by genome. | the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by amova and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. at the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the b genome. however, the us and australian d genomes are found to occ ... | 2008 | 18060539 |
| expression analysis of defense-related genes in wheat in response to infection by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungi fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese cultivar ning 7840 is one of a few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. genecalling, an open-architecture mrna-profiling technology, was used to identify differentially expressed genes induced or suppressed in spikes of ning 7840 after infection by f. graminearum. one hundred and twenty-five cdna fragments representing transcripts diff ... | 2007 | 18059549 |
| introgression of wheat chromosome 2d or 5d into tritordeum leads to free-threshing habit. | hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the diploid wild barley hordeum chilense and durum wheat. the non-free-threshing habit is a constraint to this species becoming a new crop. three tritordeum lines (ht374, ht376, and ht382) showing the free-threshing habit were selected from crosses between tritordeum and bread wheat. all three lines were euploids, as revealed by mitotic chromosome counting. genomic in situ hybridization analysis made it possible to distinguish ... | 2007 | 18059545 |
| identification of variation in adaptively important traits and genome-wide analysis of trait-marker associations in triticum monococcum. | einkorn wheat triticum monococcum (2n=2x=14, a(m)a(m)) is one of the earliest domesticated crops. however, it was abandoned for cultivation before the bronze age and has infrequently been used in wheat breeding. little is known about the genetic variation in adaptively important biological traits in t. monococcum. a collection of 30 accessions of diverse geographic origins were characterized for phenotypic variation in various agro-morphological traits including grain storage proteins and endosp ... | 2007 | 18057045 |
| mitochondrial regulation of flower development. | flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ... | 2008 | 18054525 |
| effectiveness of various pseudomonas spp. and burkholderia caryophylli containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | this study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. five isolates belonging to pseudomonas and one burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions wer ... | 2007 | 18051598 |
| molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses. | the hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. among members of the triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the puroindoline a, puroindoline b and grain softness protein-1 (gsp-1) genes. puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. the protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are ... | 0 | 18049798 |
| analysis of taalmt1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | allele diversities of four markers specific to intron three, exon four and promoter regions of the aluminum (al) resistance gene of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) taalmt1 were compared in 179 common wheat cultivars used in international wheat breeding programs. in wheat cultivars released during the last 93 years, six different promoter types were identified on the basis of allele size. a previous study showed that al resistance was not associated with a particular coding allele for taalmt1 but wa ... | 2008 | 18046532 |
| the derivation of sink functions of wheat organs using the greenlab model. | in traditional crop growth models assimilate production and partitioning are described with empirical equations. in the greenlab functional-structural model, however, allocation of carbon to different kinds of organs depends on the number and relative sink strengths of growing organs present in the crop architecture. the aim of this study is to generate sink functions of wheat (triticum aestivum) organs by calibrating the greenlab model using a dedicated data set, consisting of time series on th ... | 2008 | 18045794 |
| structures of the three homoeologous loci of wheat benzoxazinone biosynthetic genes tabx3 and tabx4 and characterization of their promoter sequences. | common wheat (2n=6x=42, genome formula aabbdd) accumulates benzoxazinones (bxs) as defensive compounds. there are five bx biosynthetic genes (tabx1-tabx5), and their homoeologous alleles are located on all three homoeologous chromosomes of the a, b and d genomes. here the molecular structures of the tabx3 and tabx4 loci, both of which are located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, were revealed by sequencing transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. in all homoeologous chromosomes, ... | 2008 | 18040657 |
| [greenhouse with a convex spherical planting surface as a prototype of space greenhouse and an instrument for studying the plant gravitropism]. | ibmp has developed a technology and unit for cultivating self-opening crops on a convex planting surface illuminated by light-emitting diodes mounted on an external concentric panel ("hemisphere"). the unit has a structure of two-member clinostat with semispherical plant growth chamber with a 600-mm diameter and a speed of from 1 to 10 revo about each axis; water potential in the root supply system is maintained at 1.0 +/- 0.45 kpa. having the data of 1200 measurements in the growth chamber, par ... | 2007 | 18035715 |
| tenest: automated chronological annotation and visualization of nested plant transposable elements. | organisms with a high density of transposable elements (tes) exhibit nesting, with subsequent repeats found inside previously inserted elements. nesting splits the sequence structure of tes and makes annotation of repetitive areas challenging. we present tenest, a repeat identification and display tool made specifically for highly repetitive genomes. tenest identifies repetitive sequences and reconstructs separated sections to provide full-length repeats and, for long-terminal repeat (ltr) retro ... | 2008 | 18032588 |
| tris is a non-innocent buffer during intein-mediated protein cleavage. | fusion protein purification systems based on self-cleavable protein splicing elements are well established nowadays and have the advantage of producing recombinant proteins with their native amino acid composition while abolishing the need of an additional proteolytic cleavage step for removal of a purification tag. however, a potential disadvantage is the concomitant generation of reactive thioester intermediates during the protein self-splicing process, which are prone to undergo side reaction ... | 2008 | 18032065 |
| effects of co2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat. | in order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seed embryos were exposed to co2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) peg6000 solution for 10 days. changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (mda), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), glutathione (gsh), ascorbate (asa), oxidized glutathione (gssg), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of s ... | 2008 | 18032059 |
| dothideomycete plant interactions illuminated by genome sequencing and est analysis of the wheat pathogen stagonospora nodorum. | stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum) and a member of the dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens affecting all major crop plant families. here, we report the acquisition and initial analysis of a draft genome sequence for this fungus. the assembly comprises 37,164,227 bp of nuclear dna contained in 107 scaffolds. the circular mitochondrial genome comprises 49,761 bp encoding 46 genes, including four t ... | 2007 | 18024570 |
| recurrent deletions of puroindoline genes at the grain hardness locus in four independent lineages of polyploid wheat. | polyploidy is known to induce numerous genetic and epigenetic changes but little is known about their physiological bases. in wheat, grain texture is mainly determined by the hardness (ha) locus consisting of genes puroindoline a (pina) and b (pinb). these genes are conserved in diploid progenitors but were deleted from the a and b genomes of tetraploid triticum turgidum (ab). we now report the recurrent deletions of pina-pinb in other lineages of polyploid wheat. we analyzed the ha haplotype st ... | 2008 | 18024553 |
| discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering. | members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ... | 2008 | 18024551 |
| not simply a foreign body. | the presence of foreign biological substances in the human body can lead to violent immune reactions. this is the report of a very rare case involving not only the presence of a biological substance, but also a symbiotic relationship between a living plant (the common wheat grain, triticum aestivum l.) and the human body. black coal particles and one cereal grain were removed from the subgalea of the right parietal region of a 35-year-old man who had sustained injuries in a motor vehicle acciden ... | 2008 | 18022346 |
| effects on growth and physiological parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in soil and irrigated with cyanobacterial toxin contaminated water. | the present study investigates the germination and growth of triticum aestivum exposed to two different microcystins (microcystin-lr [where the two variable places in the toxin molecule are leucine (l) and arginine (r) (mc-lr)] and microcystin-rr) and to cell-free cyanobacterial crude extract containing mc-lr. the concentration of the microcystins was set to 0.5 microg l(-1) and therefore is in the range of concentrations normally detected in the environment. in three experiments, the inhibition ... | 2007 | 18020690 |
| dimeric inhibitors of human salivary alpha-amylase from emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) seeds. | the proteins belonging to the cereal trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family are abundant water/salt-soluble flour proteins active against alpha-amylases from several seed parasites and pests and inactive against endogenous alpha-amylases. three alpha-amylase inhibitor families have been described in cereals that vary in size and are differently expressed among triticeae seeds. the present work investigates the presence of human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitors in emmer (triticum dicoccon schran ... | 2007 | 18020408 |
| wheat gluten: high molecular weight glutenin subunits--structure, genetics, and relation to dough elasticity. | gluten proteins, representing the major protein fraction of the starchy endosperm, are predominantly responsible for the unique position of wheat amongst cereals. these form a continuous proteinaceous matrix in the cells of the mature dry grain and form a continuous viscoelastic network during the mixing process of dough development. these viscoelastic properties underline the utilization of wheat to prepare bread and other wheat flour based foodstuffs. one group of gluten proteins is glutenin, ... | 0 | 17995810 |
| folates in asian noodles: i. microbiological analysis and the use of enzyme treatments. | asian noodles are a major end use of common wheat flour globally. a microbiological assay protocol for the folate contents of flour and asian noodles has been developed. different approaches were compared for enzymatic extraction and deconjugation of folate following the establishment of optimum inoculum concentration for analysis. the folate results obtained varied when samples were subjected to different preparation and extraction procedures. the use of trienzyme treatments gave significantly ... | 2007 | 17995715 |
| characterizing hmw-gs alleles of decaploid agropyron elongatum in relation to evolution and wheat breeding. | bread wheat quality is mainly correlated with high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) of endosperm. the number of hmw-gs alleles with good processing quality is limited in bread wheat cultivars, while there are plenty of hmw-gs alleles in wheat-related grasses to exploit. we report here on the cloning and characterization of hmw-gs alleles from the decaploid agropyron elongatum. eleven novel hmw-gs alleles were cloned from the grass. of them, five are x-type and six y-type glutenin subu ... | 2008 | 17992503 |
| preferential elimination of chromosome 1d from homoeologous group-1 alien addition lines in hexaploid wheat. | alien chromosome addition lines are useful genetic material for studying the effect of an individual chromosome in the same genetic background. however, addition lines are sometimes unstable and tend to lose the alien chromosome in subsequent generations. in this study, we report preferential removal of chromosome 1d rather than the alien chromosome from homoeologous group-1 addition lines. the agropyron intermedium chromosome 1agi (1e) addition line, created in the background of 'vilmorin 27', ... | 2007 | 17991995 |
| mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid a genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. triticum monococcum and t. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. a set of 121 rils generated from a cross involving t. mon ... | 2008 | 17989954 |
| [genetic analysis of contribution of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits to dough strength in common wheat]. | locus-specific primers of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) genes and gliadin bands tightly linked to lmw-gs genes were analyzed to evaluate the effect of lmw-gs genes on dough strength in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). analysis of the f9 progeny from two crosses '99g45/jing771' and 'pm97034/j771' showed that the lmw-gs genes located at the glu-b3 locus from the three parents had six cysteine, but 'pb' (define) had a seven amino-acid deletion in the repetitive to 'gb' and 'jb' ... | 2007 | 17989052 |
| photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations in leaves of c3 plants under different co2 concentrations and irradiances. | we used an advanced radiogasometric method to study the effects of short-term changes in co2 concentration ([co2]) on the rates and substrates of photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations under steady-state photosynthesis and in the dark. experiments were carried out on plantago lanceolata, poa trivialis, secale cereale, triticum aestivum, helianthus annuus and arabidopsis thaliana plants. rates of photorespiration and respiration measured at a low [co2] (40 micromol mol(-1)) were equal ... | 2007 | 17986155 |
| evolutionary origin of the segmental duplication encompassing the wheat glu-b1 locus encoding the overexpressed bx7 (bx7oe) high molecular weight glutenin subunit. | sequencing of a bac clone encompassing the glu-b1 locus in glenlea, revealed a 10.3 kb segmental duplication including the bx7 gene and flanking an ltr retroelement. to better understand the evolution of this locus, two collections of wheat were surveyed. the first consisted of 96 diploid and tetraploid species accessions while the second consisted of 316 triticum aestivum cultivars and landraces from 41 countries. the genotypes were first characterized by sds-page and a total of 40 of the 316 t ... | 2008 | 17985111 |
| a set of modular binary vectors for transformation of cereals. | genetic transformation of crop plants offers the possibility of testing hypotheses about the function of individual genes as well as the exploitation of transgenes for targeted trait improvement. however, in most cereals, this option has long been compromised by tedious and low-efficiency transformation protocols, as well as by the lack of versatile vector systems. after having adopted and further improved the protocols for agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2007 | 17981986 |
| transcriptome analysis of trichothecene-induced gene expression in barley. | fusarium head blight, caused primarily by fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem on barley (hordeum vulgare l.). trichothecene mycotoxins produced by the fungus during infection increase the aggressiveness of the fungus and promote infection in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). loss-of-function mutations in the tri5 gene in f. graminearum result in the inability to synthesize trichothecenes and in reduced virulence on wheat. we examined the impact of pathogen-derived trichothecenes on viru ... | 2007 | 17977148 |
| qtl analysis for some quantitative traits in bread wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of qtl analysis. analysis for grain protein content (gpc) suggested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. in contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (phst) was controlled mainly by main effect qtl (m-qtl) with very little genetic variation due to environmental int ... | 2007 | 17973342 |
| rapid assessment of insect fragments in flour milled from wheat infested with known densities of immature and adult sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | milling wheat, triticum aestivum l., infested with low densities of internal feeding insects can result in flour containing insect fragments. the food and drug administration (fda) enforces a standard or defect action level stating that a maximum of 75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour is allowed. however, the relationship between level of infestation and number of resulting fragments is not well documented, and a more rapid method for enumerating insect fragments is needed. we characterized th ... | 2007 | 17972652 |
| physiological and biochemical responses of resistant and susceptible wheat to injury by russian wheat aphid. | we examined the physiological and biochemical responses of resistant ('halt' and 'prairie red') and susceptible ('tam 107') wheat, triticum aestivum l., to injury by the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko). photosynthetic capacity was evaluated by measuring assimilation/internal co2 (a/ci) curves, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll, and nonstructural carbohydrate content. total protein and peroxidase specific activity also were determined. no significant differences were detected ... | 2007 | 17972650 |
| variation to cause host injury between russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) clones virulent to dn4 wheat. | biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype's ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. five clones (si ... | 2007 | 17972649 |
| distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in north america. | wheat, triticum aestivum l., with russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) resistance based on the dn4 gene has been important in managing russian wheat aphid since 1994. recently, five biotypes (rwa1-rwa5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage rwa resistance genes in wheat. rwa2, rwa4, and rwa5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with dn4 resistance. in 2005, 365 russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made ... | 2007 | 17972648 |
| identification of a major quantitative trait locus conditioning resistance to greenbug biotype e in sorghum pi 550610 using simple sequence repeat markers. | greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), represents the most important pest insect of sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, in the great plains of the united states. biotype e is the most widespread and dominant type not only in sorghum and wheat, triticum aestivum l., fields, but also on many noncultivated grass species. this study was designed to determine sorghum accession pi 550610 resistance to greenbug biotype e, to map the resistance quantitative trait loci (qtls) by using an established ... | 2007 | 17972647 |
| effect of water deficit on carbohydrate status and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in seedlings of wheat cultivars. | the effect of water deficit on carbohydrate status and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (alpha and beta amylases, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertases) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated in the seedlings of drought-sensitive (pbw 343) and drought-tolerant (c 306) cultivars. the water deficit was induced by adding 6% mannitol (water potential -0.815 mpa) in the growth medium. the water deficit reduced starch content in the shoots of tolerant s ... | 2007 | 17970280 |
| single and joint stress of acetochlor and pb on three agricultural crops in northeast china. | in order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. seeds of the three crops including wheat (triticum aestivum), chinese cabbage (brassica pekimensis) and soybean (glycine max) as the main crops in northeast china were exposed to acetochlor as a herbicide and lead (pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil ... | 2007 | 17969646 |
| [specific features of source-sink relations in alloplasmic hybrid of winter wheat with alien cytoplasm of goatgrass with emphasis on resistance to low temperature stress]. | we studied the influence of alien cytoplasm of spring goatgrass aegilops ovata l. on some physiological parameters in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mironovskaya 808, under normal conditions and in the case of modified source-sink relations. measurements of relative rates of plant dry matter growth and its distribution among organs, co2 exchange (photosynthesis upon light saturation and dark respiration), content of sugars (sucrose + glucose + fructose) and their ratio in leaves, frost har ... | 2016 | 17966903 |
| [the influence of elicitor on the distribution pattern of microtubule and the cytosolic calcium in mesophyll protoplast of wheat]. | by using immunofluorescence labeling technique and incubating the fluo-3 am of ca2+ fluorescein, wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars lovrin 10 and 5389 were selected as mesophyll protoplast material interaction with elicitor in this paper for studying the relationship between the pattern of microtubule and [ca2+]cyt. confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) was used and pharmacologic examination was set. the results indicated: when treated with elicitor, the cytosolic calcium in the protoplasts ... | 2007 | 17966457 |
| short-term effects on soil properties and wheat production from secondary paper sludge application on two mediterranean agricultural soils. | this study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential use of sps as a fertilizer, amendment and/or liming agent for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two representative mediterranean agricultural soils, a cambic arenosol (cmar) and a cromic cambisol (crcm) were used. treatments included four sludge rates ranging from 0 to 40 g kg(-1) (equivalent of 0, 38, 88 and 120 mg ha(-1)). a significant increment in soil ph, organic carbon, n total, available p and exchangeable k were o ... | 2008 | 17964139 |
| application of the anova-pca method to stability studies of reference materials. | near infrared spectroscopy (nirs) is an analytical technique that can be very useful for stability studies in particular because of its non destructive analytical capability. however, the spectral interpretation and treatment of this kind of multivariate data remains difficult without the use of chemometrics. in this article, a recent chemometrics method, analysis of variance--principal component analysis (anova-pca), was used for nirs stability studies of sunflower and bread wheat external refe ... | 2007 | 17963834 |
| [production of wheat-rye substitution lines based on winter rye cultivars with karyotype identification by means of c-banding, gish, and ssr markers]. | the study presents a continuation of the research aimed at producing of wheat-rye substitution lines based on the cross (triticum aestivum l. x secale sereale l.) x triticum aestivum l., and using winter rye cultivars vyatka and vietnamskaya mestnaya. in bc1f5 two lines were identified, having karyotypes in which a pair of homologous wheat chromosomes was substituted by a homeologous pair of rye chromosomes. the chromosome composition of these lines was analyzed using c-banding, gish, and ssr ma ... | 2007 | 17958318 |
| [phytopathological and molecular genetic identification of brown rust resistance genes in common wheat accessions with alien genetic material]. | brown rust resistance genes were sought in 23 resistant common wheat accessions with alien genetic material of aegilops speltoides, ae. triuncialis, and triticum kiharae from the arsenal collection. the genes were identified by common phytopathological tests and pcr analysis with sts markers directed to the known lr genes. none of the methods identified the resistance genes in two accessions. in the other accessions, the combination of the two methods broadened the spectrum of detectable genes a ... | 2007 | 17958305 |
| effects of reciprocal crosses on agronomic performance of tritordeum. | tritordeums (tritordeum ascherson et graebner) are the amphiploids derived from the crosses between hordeum chilense and durum or bread wheats. primary tritordeums are obtained using h. chilense as female parent and therefore they exhibit h. chilense cytoplasm. the effect of wheat cytoplasm on agronomic performance of tritordeums was investigated. we developed four pairs of reciprocal f1 lines only differing in their cytoplasm, donated from wheat or h. chilense alternatively. the agronomic perfo ... | 2007 | 17958303 |
| molecular mapping of qtls for karnal bunt resistance in two recombinant inbred populations of bread wheat. | karnal bunt (kb) of wheat, caused by the fungus tilletia indica, is a challenge to the grain industry, owing not to direct yield loss but to quarantine regulations that may restrict international movement of affected grain. several different sources of resistance to kb have been reported. understanding the genetics of resistance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into new wheat cultivars. the objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with kb ... | 2007 | 17952401 |
| detailed dissection of the chromosomal region containing the ph1 locus in wheat triticum aestivum: with deletion mutants and expression profiling. | understanding ph1, a dominant homoeologous chromosome pairing suppressor locus on the long arm of chromosome 5b in wheat triticum aestivum l., is the core of the investigation in this article. the ph1 locus restricts chromosome pairing and recombination at meiosis to true homologues. the importance of wheat as a crop and the need to exploit its wild relatives as donors for economically important traits in wheat breeding programmes is the main drive to uncover the mechanism of the ph1 locus and r ... | 2008 | 17951583 |
| lignan profile in seeds of modern and old italian soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars as revealed by ce-ms analyses. | the health-promoting effects of whole-grain consumption have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemical contents and profiles. wheat is an important component of the human diet; however, little is known about the phytochemical profiles of different wheat varieties, especially of old wheats. the objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of lignans, a class of phytochemicals with proved health benefit effects, of four modern and six old italian soft wheat (triticum aes ... | 2007 | 17948259 |
| association analysis of historical bread wheat germplasm using additive genetic covariance of relatives and population structure. | linkage disequilibrium can be used for identifying associations between traits of interest and genetic markers. this study used mapped diversity array technology (dart) markers to find associations with resistance to stem rust, leaf rust, yellow rust, and powdery mildew, plus grain yield in five historical wheat international multienvironment trials from the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt). two linear mixed models were used to assess marker-trait associations incorporat ... | 2007 | 17947425 |
| plastidial glutathione reductase from haynaldia villosa is an enhancer of powdery mildew resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum). | a full-length cdna (hv-gr) whose transcript accumulation increased in response to infection by blumeria graminis dc.f.sp. tritici (bgt) was isolated from haynaldia villosa. southern analysis revealed a single copy of hv-gr present in h. villosa. this gene encodes a glutathione reductase (gr) with high similarity to chloroplastic grs from other plant species. chloroplastic localization of hv-gr was confirmed by targeting of the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-hv-gr fusion protein to chloroplasts ... | 2007 | 17947258 |
| comparison of newly synthetic hexaploid wheat with its donors on ssr products. | microsatellites or ssrs as powerful genetic markers have widely been used in genetics and evolutionary biology in common wheat. because of the high polymorphism, newly synthesized hexaploid wheat has been used in the construction of genetic segregation population for ssr markers. however, data on the evolution of microsatellites during the polyploidization event of hexaploid wheat are limited. in this study, 66 pairs of specific to a/b genome ssr patterns among newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, ... | 2007 | 17945172 |
| characterization of phytoene synthase 1 gene (psy1) located on common wheat chromosome 7a and development of a functional marker. | phytoene synthase (psy), a critical enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, demonstrated high association with the yellow pigment (yp) content in wheat grain. characterization of psy genes and the development of functional markers for them are of importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in this study, the full-length genomic dna sequence of a psy gene (psy-a1) located on chromosome 7a, was characterized by in silico cloning and experimental validation. the cloned psy-a1 ... | 2008 | 17943267 |
| domestication and crop physiology: roots of green-revolution wheat. | most plant scientists, in contrast to animal scientists, study only half the organism, namely above-ground stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and neglect below-ground roots. yet all acknowledge roots are important for anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and presumably components of yield. this paper investigates the relationship between domestication, and the root systems of landraces, and the parents of early, mid- and late green-revolution bread wheat cultivars. it compares the root system o ... | 2007 | 17940075 |
| [bifunctional inhibitor of alpha-amylase/trypsin from wheat grain]. | a trypsin inhibitor, isolated from whole-wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.) by the method of bio-specific chromatography on trypsin-sepharose, was potent in inhibiting human salivary alpha-amylase. the bi-functional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor was characterized by a narrow specificity for other alpha-amylases and proteinases. the high thermostability of the inhibitor was lost in the presence of sh group-reducing agents. the inhibitor-trypsin complex retained its activity against alpha-amylas ... | 2007 | 17929568 |
| association studies for agro-physiological and quality traits of triticale x bread wheat derivatives in relation to drought and cold stress. | correlation coefficient analysis conducted on 22 triticale x bread wheat derivatives along with six checks to select true- breeding derivative(s) for future hybridization programme with tolerance to drought and cold stress conditions as well as better quality traits revealed significant correlation of grain yield with spikelets per spike, biological yield, harvest index, leaf area index. interestingly, the grain yield and drought susceptibility index showed no association. however, with cold tol ... | 2007 | 17915762 |
| environmental factors of celiac disease: cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species triticum monococcum, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and t. aestivum ssp. spelta. | in the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer caco-2/tc7 and human myelogenous leukemia k562(s) cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease. | 2007 | 17914956 |
| strobilurin fungicides induce changes in photosynthetic gas exchange that do not improve water use efficiency of plants grown under conditions of water stress. | the effects of five strobilurin (beta-methoxyacrylate) fungicides and one triazole fungicide on the physiological parameters of well-watered or water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soya (glycine max merr.) plants were compared. water use efficiency (wue) (the ratio of rate of transpiration, e, to net rate of photosynthesis, a(n)) of well-watered wheat plants was improved slightly by strobilurin fungicides, but was reduced in water-stressed plants, so there ... | 2007 | 17912684 |
| establishment of azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | biofertilizers contribute in n(2) fixation, p solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. this interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the ... | 2007 | 17910096 |
| map-based analysis of genetic loci on chromosome 2d that affect glume tenacity and threshability, components of the free-threshing habit in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | during the domestication of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), evolutionary modifications that took place in seed dispersal mechanisms enhanced its suitability for agricultural production. one of these modifications involved the evolution of the free-threshing or hulless characteristic. in this study, we studied quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting components of the free-threshing habit (threshability and glume tenacity) on chromosome 2d in a recombinant inbred line (ril) population develope ... | 2007 | 17909743 |
| optimization of agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions in mature embryos of elite wheat. | immature embryos have been used frequently as target tissues in the genetical transformation of wheat. however, obtaining a large number of high quality immature embryos throughout the year is a laborious and delicate process, because of the need to cultivate the plants under controlled conditions. to circumvent this, we have employed mature embryos rather than immature ones as starter explants for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar em12. the ... | 2009 | 17906943 |
| trigenomic chromosomes by recombination of thinopyrum intermedium and th. ponticum translocations in wheat. | rusts and barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) are among the main diseases affecting wheat production world wide for which wild relatives have been the source of a number of translocations carrying resistance genes. nevertheless, along with desirable traits, alien translocations often carry deleterious genes. we have generated recombinants in a bread wheat background between two alien translocations: tc5, ex-thinopyrum (th) intermedium, carrying bydv resistance gene bdv2; and t4m, ex-th. ponticum, c ... | 2007 | 17906848 |
| [discrimination of the triticum aestivum-t. timopheevii introgression lines using pcr-based molecular markers]. | in order to determine the fragment size of triticum timopheevii chromosome segments introduced into wheat background and physically map the pm6 gene, a total of 72 primers (including ssr and sts primers) were used to analyze the eight introduced introgression lines containing pm6 gene. referring to the available mapping information of the analyzed markers on chromosome 2b, pm6 was physically located in distal part of the long arm of chromosome 2b at the region of bin 2bl-6. the introgressed frag ... | 2007 | 17905717 |
| kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum). | an attempt was made to study the efficient use of rice straw and indigenous source of phosphorus and potassium in crop production through composting technology. various enriched composts were prepared using rice straw, rock phosphate (rp), waste mica and bioinoculant (aspergillus awamori) and kinetics of release of phosphorus and potassium from enriched composts and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum) were carried out. results showed sharp increases in release ... | 2008 | 17905580 |
| the barley phytomer. | morphological mutants have been useful in elucidating the phytomeric structure of plants. recently described mutants have shed new light on the ontogeny (development of plant structures) and the phytomeric system of barley (hordeum vulgare). since the current model for barley phytomers was not adequate to explain the nature of some mutants, a new model is proposed. | 2007 | 17901062 |
| [role of rye chromosome 2r from wheat-rye substitution line 2r(2d)1 (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29-secale cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya) in genetic regulation of meiotic restitution in wheat-rye polyhaploids]. | a study was made of the role of rye chromosome 2r from the wheat-rye substitution line 2r(2d)1 (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29-secale cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya) in genetic regulation of meiotic restitution in wheat-rye polyhaploids 2r(2d)1 x s. cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya. rye chromosome 2r proved to affect the completeness of the meiotic program, suppressing the formation of restitution gametes. this was evident from the reductional division of univalent chromosomes in ai and the oc ... | 2007 | 17899816 |
| [effect of rye secale cereale l. chromosomes 1r and 3r on polyembryony expression in hybrid combinations between (hordeum vulgare l.)-triticum aestivum l. alloplasmic recombinant lines and wheat t. aestivum l.-rye s. cereale l. substitution lines]. | the effect of rye chromosomes on polyembryony was studied for reciprocal hybrid combinations between (hordeum vulgare l.)-triticum aestivum l. alloplasmic recombinant lines and five wheat t. aestivum l. (cultivar saratovskaya 29)-rye secale cereale l. (cultivar onokhoiskaya) substitution lines: ir(1d), 2r(2d), 3r(3b), 5r(5a), and 6r(6a), and for direct hybrid combinations between the [h. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (h. geniculatum all.)]-t. aestivum alloplasmic recombinant line and the wheat-rye su ... | 2007 | 17899814 |
| reassessment of tissue na(+) concentration as a criterion for salinity tolerance in bread wheat. | wheat is the most important crop grown on many of world's saline and sodic soils, and breeding for improved salinity tolerance (st) is the only feasible way of improving yield and yield stability under these conditions. there are a number of possible mechanisms by which cereals can tolerate high levels of salinity, but these can be considered in terms of na(+) exclusion and tissue tolerance. na(+) exclusion has been the focus of much of the recent work in wheat, but with relatively little progre ... | 0 | 17897418 |
| an intervarietal genetic linkage map of indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and qtl maps for some metric traits. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exhibits very narrow genetic diversity and hence there is high relatedness among cultivated varieties. however, a population generated from an intervarietal cross, with the parents differing in a large number of traits, could lead to the generation of qtl maps which will be useful in practice. in this report a genetic linkage map of wheat is constructed using a cross between two indian bread wheat varieties: sonalika and kalyansona. the linkage map consisted of ... | 2007 | 17894910 |
| organellar genome analysis of rye (secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions. | rye (secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, rr) crop species of the triticeae and a better understanding of its organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. in the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) dna pcr-rflps. seven cpdna and 4 mtdna coding and ... | 2007 | 17893732 |
| simulating the effects of localized red:far-red ratio on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum) using a three-dimensional virtual plant model. | the outgrowth of tiller buds in poaceae is influenced by the ratio of red to far-red light irradiance (r:fr). at each point in the plant canopy, r:fr is affected by light scattered by surrounding plant tissues. this paper presents a three-dimensional virtual plant modelling approach to simulate local effects of r:fr on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum). r:fr dependence of bud outgrowth was implemented in a wheat model, using three hypothetical responses of bud extension to r:fr (unit ... | 2007 | 17888114 |
| [effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrate reductase activity, nitric oxide content and gas exchange in winter wheat leaves]. | in this paper, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the nitrate reductase (nr) activity, nitric oxide (no) content and gas exchange parameters in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves from tillering stage to heading stage and on grain yield were studied. the results showed that the photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (t(r)) and instantaneous water use efficiency (iwue) of leaves as well as the grain yield were increased with increasing nitrogen application rate ... | 2007 | 17886633 |
| assessment of fusarium infection in wheat heads using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay. | the accuracy of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in quantifying the dna of trichothecene-producing f. culmorum and f. graminearum within harvested wheat grains and head tissue was evaluated in comparison with incidences of infected kernels and deoxynivalenol levels. in a first experiment, six durum and bread wheat varieties were grown in randomized plots for a 2-year period, and inoculated with fusarium macroconidia at six growth stages between heading and dough ripening, to obtain ... | 2007 | 17886184 |
| cloning of salt stress responsive cdna from wheat and resistant analysis of differential fragment sr07 in transgenic tobacco. | analysis of the gene expression differentiation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar baofeng 7228, under salt stress, was carried out by differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr.) twenty-seven differential cdna fragments were obtained. the expression of the sr07 fragment was induced noticeably by salt treatment, and the nucleotide sequence homology of 87% between the sr07 fragment and pips (water channel proteins) was observed. further research ... | 2007 | 17884694 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of the triticum aestivum l. ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1) that increases multiple stress tolerance. | erf transcription factors play important roles in regulating gene expression under abiotic and biotic stresses. the first member of the erf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was isolated by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated as t. aestivum ethylene-responsive factor 1 (taerf1), which encoded a putative protein of 355 amino acids with a conserved dna-binding domain and a conserved n-terminal motif (mcggail). the taerf1 gene was located on chromosome 7a. protein inte ... | 2007 | 17874224 |
| [distribution of 45s rdna sequence on chromosomes of triticum aes-tivum and its relative species]. | fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and sequential c-banding and fish techniques were used in locating 45s rdna sequence on specific chromosomes of triticum monococcum, t. dicoccoides, t. aestivum, hordeum vulgare, haynaldia villosa, t. durum-haynaldia villosa amphiploid, avena fatus, and roegneria kamoji. high polymorphism between common wheat and its relatives on 45s rdna sequence distribution was detected. all the chromosomal secondary constriction regions of these species had 45s rdna l ... | 2007 | 17855264 |
| flavonoid profiling among wild type and related gm wheat varieties. | pleiotropic effects are one of the main concerns regarding genetically modified organisms (gmos). this includes unintended side effects of the transgene or its genome insertion site on the regulation of other endogenous genes, which could potentially cause the accumulation of different secondary metabolites that may have not only an impact on diet as repeatedly worried by the public but also on the environment. regarding amount and possible environmental effects, flavonoids represent the most pr ... | 2007 | 17849220 |
| analysis of expression profile of selected genes expressed during auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base system of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their possible interactions. | somatic embryogenesis is a notable illustration of plant totipotency and involves reprogramming of development in somatic cells toward the embryogenic pathway. auxins are key components as their exogenous application recuperates the embryogenic potential of the mitotically quiescent somatic cells. in order to unravel the molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis, cdna library was made from the regeneration proficient wheat leaf base segments treated with auxin. in total, 1440 clones were sequence ... | 2007 | 17849219 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analysis of mads-box genes of mikc type and chromosome location of sep-like genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | transcription factors encoded by mikc-type mads-box genes control many important functions in plants, including flower development and morphogenesis. the cloning and characterization of 45 mikc-type mads-box full-length cdna sequences of common wheat is reported in the present paper. wheat est databases were searched by known sequences of mikc-type genes and primers were designed for cdna cloning by rt-pcr. full-length cdnas were obtained by 5' and 3' race extension. southern analysis showed tha ... | 2007 | 17846794 |
| mutation in internode length affects wheat plant-type. | a mutant form was found in an m(2) population of wheat triticum aestivum l. em. thell. (aestivum group) 'seneca'. the population was derived from soaked grains treated with 3.2 kilorads of gamma rays. the first and second internodes below the spike were reduced in length 33 and 15 percent, respectively, and the total height was 18 percent shorter than the prototype. the flag leaf sheath was normal in length resulting in spike placement below the flag leaf lamina. segregation data suggest that on ... | 1970 | 17832272 |
| simulation of the three-dimensional distribution of the red:far-red ratio within crop canopies. | it is widely recognized that the red:far-red ratio (zeta) acts as a signal that triggers plant morphogenesis. new insights into photomorphogenesis have been gained through experiments in controlled environments. extrapolation of such results to field conditions requires characterization of the zeta signal perceived by plant organs within canopies. this paper presents a modeling approach to characterize this signal. a wheat (triticum aestivum) architectural model was coupled with a three-dimensio ... | 2007 | 17803651 |
| monitoring biosynthesis of wheat cell-wall phenylpropanoids in situ. | lignins and suberins are complex plant cell-wall macromolecules that are composed mainly of phenylpropanoid residues derived from l-phenylalanine. lignins and suberins are considered to be covalently linked to carbohydrates and to lipids, respectively. the bonding of these important structural materials within cell walls has never been established. by feeding specifically labeled [(13)c] ferulic acid over extended durations to seedlings of triticum aestivum l. and by using solid-state carbon-13 ... | 1987 | 17801473 |
| varieties of triticum vulgare practically immune in all stages of growth to stem rust. | 1940 | 17777227 | |
| global adaptation patterns of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat. | the international adaptation trial (iat) is a special purpose nursery designed to investigate the genotype-by-environment interactions and worldwide adaptation for grain yield of australian and cimmyt spring bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l. var. durum). the iat contains lines representing australian and cimmyt wheat breeding programs and was distributed to 91 countries between 2000 and 2004. yield data of 41 reference lines from 106 trials were analysed. a multi ... | 2007 | 17768603 |
| mitochondrial alternative pathway is associated with development of freezing tolerance in common wheat. | cold acclimation is an adaptive process for acquiring cold/freezing tolerance in wheat. to clarify the cultivar difference of freezing tolerance, we compared mitochondrial respiration activity and the expression profile of alternative oxidase (aox) genes under low-temperature conditions using two common wheat cultivars differing in freezing tolerance. during cold acclimation, the respiration capacity of the alternative pathway significantly increased in a freezing-tolerant cultivar compared with ... | 2008 | 17766003 |
| root hairs, cuticle, and pits. | the filamentous roots of mustard (raphanus sativus), radish (brassica nigra), squash (cucurbita pepo), and wheat (triticum aestivum) are covered throughout their length with living nucleated root hairs which may measure 1600 micro or more. the outer walls of piliferous and nonpiliferous cells consist of successive layers of mucilage, cutin, and the cellulose-pectic framework of the cell. plasmodesmata and pits occur on all cell walls. under the electron microscope individual pores and pits in th ... | 1963 | 17746006 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root proteome and differentially expressed root proteins between hybrid and parents. | to better understand the development of wheat roots, a reference map of the major soluble proteins of wheat roots was established using a combination of 2-de and maldi tof ms and ms/ms, and a total of 450 protein spots were detected with silver staining in a ph ranges of 4-7, of which 282 spots corresponding to 240 proteins were identified. these identified proteins were grouped into diverse functional categories. in comparison with a wheat leave proteome, in root, proteins involved in metabolis ... | 2007 | 17722204 |