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bax inhibitor-1 silencing suppresses white spot syndrome virus replication in red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii.bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) was originally described as an anti-apoptotic protein in both animal and plant cells. bi-1 overexpression suppresses er stress-induced apoptosis in animal cells. inhibition of bi-1 activity could induce the cell death in mammals and plants. however, the function of bi-1 in crustacean immunity was unclear. in this paper, the full-length cdna of a bi-1 protein in red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii (pcbi-1) was cloned and its expression profiles in normal and infected cr ...201323583724
molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis and functional characterization of soluble toll-like receptor 5 in gilthead seabream, sparus aurata.two forms of tlr5, one membrane-anchored and one soluble, have been described in some teleost fish species. however, the exact role of each form has been poorly studied. in the present study, we show that the mrna levels of soluble gilthead seabream tlr5 (sbtlr5s) are highly induced in head kidney, spleen, liver and blood after vibrio anguillarum infection, suggesting an important role for sbtlr5s in the innate immune response against bacteria. comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revea ...201323571319
identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor esserpin from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.serine protease inhibitors (serpins) represent an expanding superfamily of endogenous inhibitors that regulate proteolytic events and involve in a variety of physiological processes. a serine protease inhibitor, namely esserpin, was identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis based on expressed sequence tag (est) analysis. the full-length cdna of esserpin was of 2367 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1371 bp encoding a polypeptide of 456 amino acids with estimated molecular ...201323567854
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel wap65-1 gene from plecoglossus altivelis.warm temperature acclimation associated 65-kda protein 1 (wap65-1) is a specific fish plasma glycoprotein that is possibly involved in various physiological or pathological processes. in this study, we obtained the cdna and genomic dna sequences of the plecoglossus altivelis wap65-1 (pawap65-1) gene. multiple sequence alignment showed that pawap65-1 is similar in structure to wap65-1 in fish. phylogenetic analysis revealed that pawap65-1 is most closely related to that of a rainbow trout. pawap6 ...201323545468
a lysin motif (lysm)-containing protein functions in antibacterial responses of red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii.lysin domain (lysm) is a widely spread domain in nature and could bind different peptidoglycans and chitin-like compounds in bacteria and eukaryotes. in plants, lysin motif containing proteins are one of the major classes of pattern recognition proteins which can recognize glcnac-containing glycans and have important functions in plant immunity. however, their functions in animal immunity are still unclear. in this study, a cdna encoding a lysm containing protein was identified from red swamp cr ...201323529009
molecular characterization of two kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor genes in the surf clam mesodesma donacium exposed to vibrio anguillarum.this study reports two kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (kpi) identified in a cdna library from the surf clam mesodesma donacium, and characterized through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the kpis, denoted as mdspi-1 and mdspi-2, presented full sequences of 1139 bp and 781 bp respectively. mdspi-1 had a 5'untranslated region (utr) of 175 bp, a 3'utr of 283 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 681 pb that encodes for 227 amino acids. mdspi-2 showed a 5'utr of 70 bp, a 3'utr of 279 ...201323528874
investigating a possible role for the bacterial signal molecules n-acylhomoserine lactones in balanus improvisus cyprid settlement.increased settlement on bacterial biofilms has been demonstrated for a number of marine invertebrate larvae, but the nature of the cue(s) responsible is not well understood. we tested the hypothesis that the bay barnacle balanus improvisus utilizes the bacterial signal molecules n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) as a cue for the selection of sites for permanent attachment. single species biofilms of the ahl-producing bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas hydrophila and sulfitobacter sp. br1 were ...201323506419
toll-like receptors and myd88 adaptors in mytilus: complete cds and gene expression levels.tlr- and myd88-related sequences have been previously investigated in mytibase and then in new transcript reads obtained by illumina technology from the mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. based on full cds and domain organizations of virtual translations, we identified 23 toll-like receptors (tlrs) and 3 myd88 adaptors. mgtlrs can be arranged in 4 clusters according to extra-cellular lrr domain content. mgtlr-b, -i and -k were the only ones containing a multiple cysteine cluster (mcctlr), a doma ...201323485525
environmental isolates p1sw and v3sw as a bivalent vaccine induce effective cross-protection against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum .edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum are severe fish pathogens. in this study, we aimed at selecting avirulent environmental isolates with application potential in the prevention of e. tarda- and v. anguillarum-associated diseases. for this purpose, we selected and analyzed 2 seawater isolates, p1sw and v3sw, belonging to the genera pseudomonas and vibrio, respectively. when administered to turbot scophthalmus maximus via immersion and oral feeding, p1sw and v3sw at a dose of 2 × 108 colony ...201323482384
proteomic characterization of the acute-phase response of yellow stingrays urobatis jamaicensis after injection with a vibrio anguillarum-ordalii bacterin.systemic inflammatory responses of mammals and bony fish are primarily driven by coordinated up-regulation and down-regulation of plasma acute-phase proteins. although this general principle is believed to be universal among vertebrates, it remains relatively unexplored in elasmobranchs. the objective of this study was to characterize acute changes in the plasma proteome of three yellow stingrays urobatis jamaicensis following intraperitoneal injection with a commercial vibrio bacterin. changes ...201323470813
the first toll receptor from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii.toll receptor was first discovered in drosophila and has an important function in the innate immunity of invertebrates. in this study, the toll receptor hctoll1 from hyriopsis cumingii with a full length of 3810 bp consisting of a 3687 bp orf that encodes a total of 1228 amino acids protein was selected for further study. the hctoll1 protein consisted of a signal peptide, 17 lrr domains, 2 lrrct domains, 1 lrrnt domain, 1 tm domain, and 1 tir domain. phylogenetic analysis results showed that hct ...201323454418
characterization of p2x7r and its function in the macrophages of ayu, plecoglossus altivelis.p2x purinoceptor 7 (p2x7r), an atp-gated ion channel, plays an important role during the innate immune response in mammals. however, relatively little is known about the role of p2x7r in the fish immune system. here, we cloned a cdna sequence encoding ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) p2x7r (ap2x7r). the predicted protein was composed of 574 amino acid residues with a p2x family signature, two transmembrane domains, and a long c-terminal. ap2x7r transcripts were mainly distributed in ayu immune tissu ...201323437395
overexpression of a c-type lectin enhances bacterial resistance in red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii.c-type lectins play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans. in this study, a novel c-type lectin gene, designated as pclec4, was obtained from the red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii). quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that pclec4 is mainly expressed in the crayfish hepatopancreas and intestine, and the pclec4 mrna expression is upregulated after challenged with the bacteria vibrio anguillarum. pclec4 was recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli ...201323435178
the response of mrna expression upon secondary challenge with vibrio anguillarum suggests the involvement of c-lectins in the immune priming of scallop chlamys farreri.the enhanced immunity against a second encounter with the particular pathogen has suggested the presence of "immune priming" in scallop. in the present study, the survival rate and expression patterns of five c-lectin isoforms from scallop chlamys farreri were explored after "vaccination" of heat-killed vibrio anguillarum or successively challenge with v. anguillarum and micrococcus luteus. when scallops were challenged with live bacteria, the survival rate increased significantly only in the gr ...201323434464
identification and characterization of four ferritin subunits involved in immune defense of the yesso scallop (patinopecten yessoensis).as a primary iron storage protein, ferritin plays a vital role in iron homeostasis and innate immunity. in this study, four ferritin subunits (pyfer1, pyfer2, pyfer3, and pyfer4) were cloned from the yesso scallop, patinopecten yessoensis, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) following in silico transcriptome analysis. the full-length cdnas of the four ferritins are 895, 920, 891, and 1400 bp in length, respectively, and each contains a putative iron response element (ire) in its 5' utr. m ...201323428517
molecular characterization of an il-1β gene from ayu, plecoglossus altivelis.il-1β plays a crucial role as a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine in immune responses and has been shown to affect macrophage functions. however, the effects of putative il-1β homologs on fish macrophages are still less known. here, we cloned the full-length cdna sequence of il-1β (ail-1β) gene from ayu, plecoglossus altivelis. phylogenetic analysis indicated that ail-1β was closest to that of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) revealed that ail-1β transcript ...201323428516
[cloning and expression analysis of cathepsin l cdna of exopalaemon carinicauda].based on the est sequence from a hemocyte cdna library, the cathepsin l cdna of exopalaemon carinicauda (eccatl) was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the eccatl cdna was 1136 bp in length, which contains an open reading frame (orf) of 960 bp, encoding a 319 amino-acid polypeptide. homology analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of eccatl was highly conserved with its homologs in other crustaceans. the similarities of eccatl with the catl of palaemonetes varians and pand ...201323389977
bacterial pathogens and flora isolated from farm-cultured eels (anguilla japonica) and their environmental waters in korean eel farms.the purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial pathogens and flora in both sick and clinically healthy eels, anguilla japonica, and the environmental rearing waters of korean eel farms. between 2003 and 2010, a total of 621 sick eels were submitted for diagnosis, while 216 healthy eels and 87 environmental water samples were collected during a survey of 26 eel farms in korea. seven different bacterial species were obtained from 183 isolates, which were recovered from the internal organs ...201223357049
two abc transporter systems participate in siderophore transport in the marine pathogen vibrio anguillarum 775 (pjm1).orf40 (named fate) in the vibrio anguillarum pjm1 plasmid-encoding anguibactin iron transport systems is a homolog of atpase genes involved in ferric-siderophore transport. mutation of fate did not affect ferric-anguibactin transport, indicating that there must be other atpase gene(s) in addition to fate. by searching the genomic sequence of v. anguillarum 775(pjm1), we identified a homolog of fate named fvte on chromosome 2. it is of interest that in this locus, we also identified homologs of f ...201323350649
genome-wide analyses of amphioxus micrornas reveal an immune regulation via mir-92d targeting c3.recently, amphioxus has served as a model for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity. however, little is known about how micrornas (mirnas) are involved in the immune defense in amphioxus. in this article, we present a systematic study of amphioxus mirnas in the acute-phase response to bacterial infection; mir-92d was found to regulate the complement pathway in this basal chordate. we identified all 155 possible mirnas present in the amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri genome by b ...201323335747
the anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes are encoded in the chromosome of vibrio harveyi: a possible evolutionary origin for the pjm1 plasmid-encoded system of vibrio anguillarum?many vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 strains carry 65-kb pjm1-type plasmids harboring genes involved in siderophore anguibactin biosynthesis and transport. the anguibactin system is an essential factor for v. anguillarum to survive under iron-limiting conditions, and as a consequence, it is a very important virulence factor of this bacterium. our comparative analysis of genomic data identified a cluster harboring homologs of anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes in the chromosome of vibrio ...201323335587
a novel c-type lectin from crab eriocheir sinensis functions as pattern recognition receptor enhancing cellular encapsulation.c-type lectins are a large family of ca²⁺-dependent carbohydrate binding proteins which play crucial roles to recognize and eliminate pathogens in innate immunity. in the present study, a novel c-type lectin was identified from eriocheir sinensis (designated as esctl). the full-length cdna of esctl was of 789 bp with an open reading frame of 468 bp encoding a polypeptide of 156 amino acids with a signal sequence and single carbohydrate-recognition domain (crd). the potential tertiary structure o ...201323296116
the hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium cobetia sp. strain mm1ida2h-1 produces a biosurfactant that interferes with quorum sensing of fish pathogens by signal hijacking.biosurfactants are produced by hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacteria in response to the presence of water-insoluble hydrocarbons. this is believed to facilitate the uptake of hydrocarbons by bacteria. however, these diffusible amphiphilic surface-active molecules are involved in several other biological functions such as microbial competition and intra- or inter-species communication. we report the isolation and characterization of a marine bacterial strain identified as cobetia sp. mm1ida2h-1, ...201323279885
innovative vaccination protocol against vibriosis in dicentrarchus labrax (l.) juveniles: improvement of immune parameters and protection to challenge.the effect of vaccination on immune parameters of european sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, is not fully established, as well as surveyed throughout rearing till the commercial size. furthermore, available information on the possible role of booster treatments is scarce. sea bass juveniles were vaccinated against listonella anguillarum using a commercial bivalent formulation administered by immersion (priming: 95 dph; booster: 165 dph) or by immersion (priming: 95 dph; booster: 165 dph) and subse ...201223277096
a four-crd c-type lectin from chlamys farreri mediating nonself-recognition with broader spectrum and opsonization.c-type lectins are a superfamily of ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins consisting of at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain (crd), which participate in nonself-recognition and clearance of invaders. in invertebrate, some multidomain c-type lectins have been identified, but their relative functions and binding mechanism are still meager. in the present study, a c-type lectin (cflec-4) with four crds from chlamys farreri was selected to investigate its possible function in in ...201223276881
diversification of the expanded teleost-specific toll-like receptor family in atlantic cod, gadus morhua.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are major molecular pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. atlantic cod (gadus morhua) is the first vertebrate known to have lost most of the mammalian tlr orthologues, particularly all bacterial recognising and other cell surface tlrs. on the other hand, its genome encodes a unique repertoire of teleost-specific tlrs. the aim of this study was to investigate if these duplicate tlrs have been retained through adaptive evolution to compensate for the ...201223273344
comparative study of four flagellins of vibrio anguillarum: vaccine potential and adjuvanticity.vibrio anguillarum is the etiological agent of vibriosis, an aquaculture disease that affects a wide range of farmed fish. the genome of v. anguillarum contains five flagellin genes, i.e. flaa, flab, flac, flad, and flae. in this study, we analyzed the vaccine potential and adjuvanticity of flaa, flab, flad, and flae in a model of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). for this purpose, recombinant flaa, flab, flad, and flae were expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. in vivo immu ...201323253494
miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy) peroxiredoxin2: molecular characterization, genomic structure and immune response against bacterial infection.peroxiredoxin2 (prx2) protein is an important member in cellular antioxidant protein superfamily. prx2 exists widely in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it not only plays a part in eliminate reactive oxygen, but also takes effect in many other metabolic activities, such as stimulate epithelial cell proliferation, participate in the signal transduction in cells and so on. after molecular cloning we got that the complete cdna sequence of prx2 consists 882 bp, including a 5'-utr of 46 bp, an open readin ...201323253493
shrimp myd88 responsive to bacteria and white spot syndrome virus.the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is an important adapter protein which links members of the toll-like receptor (tlr) to the downstream components to activate related signaling pathways. in the present study, a myd88 homolog (fcmyd88) was cloned from penaeid shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis. the orf of fcmyd88 consisted of 1434 bp encoding a polypeptide of 477 amino acids which contains a death domain (dd) and a typical tlr and interleukin-1 receptor (il-1r)-related (tir) domain. homo ...201323238389
fermentation preparation of recombinant vibrio anguillarum vaccine with heterogeneous antigen display.in the design of recombinant bacterial vector vaccine, heterogeneous antigen is displayed on the outer membrane of the vector strain to evoke polyvalent immunological protection. thus, the expression of heterogeneous antigen in cells and its display on the outer membrane are of great concern for vaccine preparation. in our previous work, a multivalent bacterial vector vaccine mvav6203a-1 was constructed by displaying the protective antigen gapdh from aeromonas hydrophila on the surface of an att ...201323215656
c312m: an attenuated vibrio anguillarum strain that induces immunoprotection as an oral and immersion vaccine.vibrio anguillarum, a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, is the causative agent of vibriosis that affects a wide range of aquatic animals. in this study, we obtained a mutant v. anguillarum, c312m, derived from the pathogenic v. anguillarum c312 by selection of rifampicin resistance. c312m was slower in growth than the wild type c312, particularly under conditions of iron depletion. compared to c312, c312m was altered in protein production profile and exhibited a dramatically increased median let ...201223209076
nigribactin, a novel siderophore from vibrio nigripulchritudo, modulates staphylococcus aureus virulence gene expression.staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen that employs a number of virulence factors as part of its pathogenesis. the purpose of the present study was to explore marine bacteria as a source of compounds that modulate virulence gene expression in s. aureus. during the global marine galathea 3 expedition, a strain collection was established comprising bacteria that express antimicrobial activity against vibrio anguillarum and/or staphylococcus aureus. within this collection we searched col ...201223203279
determining vaccination frequency in farmed rainbow trout using vibrio anguillarum o1 specific serum antibody measurements.despite vaccination with a commercial vaccine with a documented protective effect against vibrio anguillarum o1 disease outbreaks caused by this bacterium have been registered among rainbow trout at danish fish farms. the present study examined specific serum antibody levels as a valid marker for assessing vaccination status in a fish population. for this purpose a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and used to evaluate sera from farmed rainbow trout vaccina ...201223185402
synthesis and antibacterial activity of conjugates between norfloxacin and analogues of the siderophore vanchrobactin.from synthetic functionalized analogues of vanchrobactin, a siderophore produced by the fish pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum serotype o2, several vanchrobactin analogues-norfloxacin conjugates were obtained and their antimicrobial activities against the wild-type and mutant strains of vibrio anguillarum serotype o2 have been determined.201323182214
the molecular characterization of a catalase from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.catalase (cat) is an antioxidant enzyme and plays a significant role in the protection against oxidative stress by reducing hydrogen peroxide. the cat cdna of eriocheir sinensis (escat) was cloned via race technique. the complete sequence of escat cdna consisted of a 5' untranslated regions (utr) of 224 bp, a 3' utr of 1287 bp with a poly (a) tail and an open reading frame (orf) of 1542 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 513 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 5 ...201323171400
toxicity of forest fire retardant chemicals to stream-type chinook salmon undergoing parr-smolt transformation.long-term fire retardants are used to prevent the spread of wildland fires. these products are normally applied by aircraft and are intended specifically for terrestrial application, but fire retardants have entered aquatic habitats by misapplication and/or accidental spills and have resulted in fish mortalities. the authors examined the toxicity of two fire retardant products, phos-chek 259f and lc-95a, to salmon undergoing parr-smolt transformation. yearling stream-type chinook salmon at the s ...201323161484
luminal uptake of vibrio (listonella) anguillarum by shed enterocytes--a novel early defence strategy in larval fish.as adhesion and translocation through fish gut enterocytes of the pathogen vibrio (listonella) anguillarum are not well investigated, the effective cause of disease and mortality outbreaks in larval sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, suffering from vibriosis is unknown. we detected v. anguillarum within the gut of experimentally infected gnotobiotic sea bass larvae using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling. intact bacteria were observed in close contact with the apical brush b ...201323121135
immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen which causes systemic infection in turbot. the increasing frequency of edwardsiellosis in turbot farming has stressed the need to understand the immune responses of fish, for the further development of prevention and control strategies. as a broad spectrum protective antigen, a recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of e. tarda eib202 has been proven to present remarkable protection against e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibri ...201223084627
intracellular cu/zn superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) from hard clam meretrix meretrix: its cdna cloning, mrna expression and enzyme activity.hard clam (meretrix meretrix) is an economically important bivalve in china. in the present study, a gene coding for an intracellular cu/zn-sod was cloned and characterized from hard clam. the full-length cdna of this cu/zn-sod (designated as mm-iccuzn-sod) consisted of 1,383 bp, with a 462-bp of open reading frame (orf) encoding 153 amino acids. several highly conserved motifs, including the cu/zn binding sites [h(46), h(48), h(63), and h(119) for cu binding; h(63), h(71), h(80), and d(83) for ...201223053968
heat shock protein 70 kda (hsp70) increase in sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax, l 1758) thymus after vaccination against listonella anguillarum.heat shock proteins 70 kda (hsp70) and apoptosis were investigated in thymus of sea bass juveniles (dicentrarchus labrax) subsequently to a vaccination against listonella (syn. vibrio) anguillarum. hsp70 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and immunoenzymatic methods, resulting in increase in hsp70 after bath immunization and persistent in fish exposed to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) booster. the hsp70 increase in thymus was suggested as induction in lymphocytic cells, to be related to ...201323053607
characterization, genomic organization, and expression profiles of myd88, a key adaptor molecule in the tlr signaling pathways in miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy).myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is an important adaptor protein in the tlr signaling pathways. in the present study, we firstly cloned and characterized miichthys miiuy myd88 (mimi-myd88) cdna and gene. the mimi-myd88 gene was 3,470 bp consisting of five exons and four introns. the cdna was composed of 1,627 bp with an 867-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 288 amino acid residues. the theoretical molecular mass and isoelectric point of this polypeptide were 33.25 and 4.96 ...201223053604
gene sequence based clustering assists in dereplication of pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea strains with identical inhibitory activity and antibiotic production.some microbial species are chemically homogenous, and the same secondary metabolites are found in all strains. in contrast, we previously found that five strains of p. luteoviolacea were closely related by 16s rrna gene sequence but produced two different antibiotic profiles. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether such bioactivity differences could be linked to genotypes allowing methods from phylogenetic analysis to aid in selection of strains for biodiscovery. thirteen p. lu ...201223015771
molecular characterization and expression of a novel big defensin (sb-bdef1) from ark shell, scapharca broughtonii.big defensins, endogenous cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (amps) with antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory property, play crucial roles in host defense against various microbial pathogens. a novel big defensin (sb-bdef1) of ark shell scapharca broughtonii was identified by expressed sequence tag (est) and race techniques. the sb-bdef1 cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 336-bp encoding a polypeptide of 111 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 amino acid residues ...201223000749
toxicity of atrazine and nonylphenol in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on general health, disease susceptibility and gene expression.atrazine (atz) and nonylphenol (np) are commonly identified contaminants in aquatic habitats; however, few studies have considered the impact of these endocrine disrupters on immune function and resistance to disease. this study examined the immunotoxicological effects of atz and np at multiple levels of biological organization. juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a solvent control (0.00625%, v/v anhydrous ethanol), or sub-lethal concentrations of atz (59 μg/l and 555 μg ...201222982499
cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a cold shock domain family member yb-1 in turbot scophthalmus maximus.the y-box proteins are a family of highly conserved nucleic acid binding proteins. in this report we have identified a new member, yb-1 from turbot (scophthalmus maximus) spleen cdna library. the full-length cdna sequence of turbot yb-1 was obtained and then the expression at transcriptional level was researched by qrt-pcr. in normal organs, the expression of yb-1 was higher in liver, brain, gill and heart, respectively. yb-1 had the highest expression level at gastrula stage during the early st ...201222982328
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme e2-like gene associated to pathogen response in concholepas concholepas: snp identification and transcription expression.ubiquitin-conjugated e2 enzyme (ube2) is one of the main components of the proteasome degradation cascade. previous studies have shown an increase of expression levels in individuals challenged to some pathogen organism such as virus and bacteria. the study was to characterize the immune response of ube2 gene in the gastropod concholepas concholepas through expression analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) discovery. hence, ube2 was identified from a cdna library by 454 pyrosequencin ...201222971731
immune response and energy metabolism of chlamys farreri under vibrio anguillarum challenge and high temperature exposure.the complex interactions among host, pathogen and environment are believed to be the main causes for the mass mortality of cultured scallops during summer period. in the present study, the temporal variations of immune and energy parameters of chlamys farreri under vibrio anguillarum challenge, higher temperature (29°c) exposure as well as their combined treatment were investigated in order to better understand the energetic mechanisms of scallop immune defense. after the treatments, the superox ...201222960216
miiuy croaker transferrin gene and evidence for positive selection events reveal different evolutionary patterns.transferrin (tf) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. this protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. the clear link between tf and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consider tf as a candidate gene for disease resistance. in this study, the miichthys miiuy (miiuy croaker) tf gene (mimi-tf) was cloned and characterized. the gene structure consisted of a coding region of ...201222957037
role of alternative sigma factor 54 (rpon) from vibrio anguillarum m3 in protease secretion, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and virulence.the sigma factor σ(54) (rpon) is an important regulator of bacterial response to environmental stresses. here, we demonstrate the roles of rpon in vibrio anguillarum m3 by comparative investigation of physiological phenotypes and virulence of the wild-type, an rpon mutant, and an rpon complemented strain. disruption of rpon was found to decrease biofilm formation, production of exopolysaccharides, and production of the metalloproteases empa and prtv. injection experiments in fish showed that the ...201322940804
phaeobacter gallaeciensis reduces vibrio anguillarum in cultures of microalgae and rotifers, and prevents vibriosis in cod larvae.phaeobacter gallaeciensis can antagonize fish-pathogenic bacteria in vitro, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the organism as a probiont for marine fish larvae and their feed cultures. an in vivo mechanism of action of the antagonistic probiotic bacterium is suggested using a non-antagonistic mutant. p. gallaeciensis was readily established in axenic cultures of the two microalgae tetraselmis suecica and nannochloropsis oculata, and of the rotifer brachionus plicatilis. p. gallaecien ...201222928051
involvement of fenneropenaeus chinensis cathepsin c in antiviral immunity.cathepsin c (cath c) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that belongs to the papain superfamily. cath c is capable of activating many chymotrypsin-like serine proteases and is reported to be a central coordinator for the activation of many serine proteinases in immune and inflammatory cells. in this study, cath c cdna was cloned from fenneropenaeus chinensis (fc). the complete cdna of fc-cath c in chinese white shrimp was found to be 1445-base pairs (bp) long. it contained an open reading frame (or ...201222885030
association between the polymorphism of cfpgrp-s1 gene and disease susceptibility/resistance of zhikong scallop (chlamys farreri) to listonella anguillarum challenge.peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp) is a pattern recognition receptor, playing important roles in the innate immune response against invasive pathogens. the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) loci in scallop pgrp gene (cfpgrp) were screened from chlamys farreri to investigate their association with disease resistance of scallop against listonella anguillarum. thirteen snp sites were identified in pgrp domain of cfpgrp, and two of them at positions 4407 and 4408 which are located in the sa ...201222809742
evaluation of the probiotics bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum bioencapsulated in artemia nauplii against vibriosis in european sea bass larvae (dicentrarchus labrax, l.).two potential probiotics bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum were evaluated for use in aquaculture as preventive measures against vibriosis. in vitro evaluation of the probiotics using co-culture assays with the pathogen vibrio anguillarum and testing for the production of antibacterial substances showed the presence of antagonism and confirmed the production of antibacterial substances. both potential probiotics were administered to the live fish feed artemia franciscana nauplii, offe ...201222806117
an integrin from shrimp litopenaeus vannamei mediated microbial agglutination and cell proliferation.integrins are a family of adhesion receptors which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, leukocyte migration, and complement receptor-dependent phagocytosis. in invertebrates, as a cell adhesion receptor, β integrins play an important role for the balanced activation of immune defense responses especially during the encounter of infections. the present study attempts to characterize the immune functions of shrimp integrin (lvintegrin) to have better understanding on the immune system and ...201222792387
characterization of european sea bass transcripts by rna seq after oral vaccine against v. anguillarum.the european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) is, along with the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), one of the most extensively cultured species in european aquaculture productions. massive mortalities may be caused by bacterial or viral infections in intensive aquaculture production. evaluation of the efficacy of an oral vaccine against vibrio anguillarum (aquavac vibrio oral) in sea bass revealed specific immune gene expression profiles in the gut as well as protection of fish. in the present ...201222790793
transcriptional regulation of cytokines in the intestine of atlantic cod fed yeast derived mannan oligosaccharide or β-glucan and challenged with vibrio anguillarum.immunomodulatory feed additives are expected to exert their primary influence at the intestinal level through the expression of cytokines, which in turn affect the immune responses in fish. in two separate experiments a yeast-derived mannan oligosaccharide product (ym) or a purified β-glucan (bg) product were fed to atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) for 5 weeks, after which they were bath-challenged with a bacterial pathogen--vibrio anguillarum. the transcription of selected cytokines (proinflammat ...201222771966
characterization and snp variation analysis of a hsp70 gene from miiuy croaker and its expression as related to bacterial challenge and heat shock.heat shock proteins (hsps) play crucial roles in the immune response of vertebrates. in order to study immune defense mechanism of heat shock protein gene in miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy), a cdna encoding heat shock protein 70 (designated mimi-hsp70) gene was cloned from miiuy croaker. the cdna was 2195 bp in length, consisting of an open reading frame (orf) of 1917 bp encoding a polypeptide of 638 amino acids with estimated molecular mass of 70.3 kda and theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. ...201222750024
simultaneous detection of multiple fish pathogens using a naked-eye readable dna microarray.we coupled 16s rdna pcr and dna hybridization technology to construct a microarray for simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight fish pathogens (aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, flavobacterium columnare, lactococcus garvieae, photobacterium damselae, pseudomonas anguilliseptica, streptococcus iniae and vibrio anguillarum) commonly encountered in aquaculture. the array comprised short oligonucleotide probes (30 mer) complementary to the polymorphic regions of 16s rrna genes for ...201222736973
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a cc chemokine gene from miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy).chemokines are a family of structurally related chemotactic cytokines that regulate the migration of leukocytes, under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. a partial cdna of cc chemokine gene designed as mimi-cc3 was isolated from miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy) spleen cdna library. unknown 3' part of the cdna was amplified by 3'-race. the complete cdna of mimi-cc3 contains an 89-nt 5'-utr, a 303-nt open reading frame and a 441-nt 3'-utr. three exons and two introns were identified in ...201222736236
different approaches to expressing edwardsiella tarda antigen gapdh in attenuated vibrio anguillarum for multivalent fish vaccines.with the development of gene technology, expressing heterologous antigens in attenuated bacteria has become an important strategy to design multivalent vaccines. in our previous work, an attenuated vibrio anguillarum named mvav6203 was developed and proven to be an efficient live vaccine candidate. in this research, we aimed to express protective antigen glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of edwardsiella tarda in attenuated vibrio anguillarum to establish a multivalent v. anguillar ...201222724428
cathepsin l in the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning and gene expression after a vibrio anguillarum challenge.the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, is an important fish maricultured in many asian countries. in the present study, the full-length cdna of cathepsin l, an immunity related gene of fishes, was isolated from e. coioides using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). it is 1,443 bp in length, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1,011 bp. the open reading frame encoded a preproprotein of 336 amino acids (aa), which consisted of a signal peptide of 16 aa, a proregion peptide of 9 ...201222723013
[cloning and expression analysis of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-a(litaf) of japanese scallop (mizuhopecten yessoensis)].the lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) is an inflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in innate immunity system. based on the expressed sequence tag (est) of japanese scallop (mizuhopecten yessoensis), the cdna of litaf gene was amplified using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approach. results showed that the full-length cdna of litaf is 1 551 bp consisting of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 76 bp, a 3' utr of 1 001 bp, and an open reading frame (orf) of 47 ...201222698745
a novel c1qdc protein acting as pattern recognition receptor in scallop argopecten irradians.the c1q domain containing (c1qdc) proteins refer to a family of proteins containing the versatile charge pattern recognition globular c1q domain in the c-terminus, which could bind various ligands including pamps and trigger a serial of immune response. in this study, a novel c1qdc protein was identified from argopecten irradians (designated as aic1qdc-2). its full-length cdna was of 1062 bp with an open reading frame of 720 bp encoding a polypeptide of 240 amino acids containing a typical gc1q ...201222691582
effects on mortality and stress response in european sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), fed mannan oligosaccharides (mos) after vibrio anguillarum exposure.the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (mos; 4 g kg(-1) ; bio-mos, alltech inc, usa) in diets for european sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), juveniles in relation to disease and stress resistance, combining intestinal infection with vibrio anguillarum and stress challenge by confinement, were assessed in this study. after 8 weeks of mos supplementation, fish were exposed to a pathogen challenge test against v. anguillarum by direct gut inoculation combined with a confinement stressor ...201222690841
virulence genes and pathogenicity islands in environmental vibrio strains nonpathogenic to humans.most vibrio species in autochthonous marine microbial communities, such as vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio anguillarum among others, are considered nonpathogenic for humans. however, because many bacterial virulence genes are located in mobile genetic elements, the acquisition of mobile dna could mediate the appearance of virulent or more virulent strains even in a species defined as nonpathogenic. in this study, we screened a collection of marine nonpathogenic vibrio strains isolat ...201222676367
treatment of vibriosis in european sea bass larvae, dicentrarchus labrax l., with oxolinic acid administered by bath or through medicated nauplii of artemia franciscana (kellogg): efficacy and residual kinetics.european sea bass larvae were challenged by bath with listonella anguillarum strain 332a, 2.5×10(7) cfuml(-1) for 1h. fish either received no treatment or oral treatment with artemia franciscana (kellog) nauplii enriched with oxolinic acid, or bath treatments with oxolinic acid. medication commenced 1day following challenge and was performed on days 1, 3 and 5 post-challenge at a dosage of 20mgl(-1) for 2h for bath treatments, while two doses each of 750 nauplii per fish were administered daily ...201222670590
lipopolysaccharide o-antigen prevents phagocytosis of vibrio anguillarum by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) skin epithelial cells.colonization of host tissues is a first step taken by many pathogens during the initial stages of infection. despite the impact of bacterial disease on wild and farmed fish, only a few direct studies have characterized bacterial factors required for colonization of fish tissues. in this study, using live-cell and confocal microscopy, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells, the main structural component of the skin epidermis, were demonstrated to phagocytize bacteria. mutant analyses showed that the ...201222662189
comparative proteomics of two vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 strains with different virulence phenotypes.vibrio anguillarum is part of the natural flora in the aquatic habitat, but under certain circumstances it can cause terminal hemorrhagic septicemia in marine fish due to the action of virulence-associated proteins. in our study, v. anguillarum mn and 3010 were identified as serotype o1 by aflp analysis, and the virulence of v. anguillarum mn was shown 50-fold higher than that of the strain 3101 by ld(50) tests with japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. nine spots were noted as differentiall ...201222653266
identification and characterization of dscam isoforms isolated from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides.the down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (dscam), an immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily member, was first identified from human and subsequently isolated from both vertebrates and invertebrates. recent studies have shown that the dscam molecule serves diverse functions in neurodevelopment, such as axon guidance and neuronal migration. most studies on dscam, however, have focused on mammals and arthropods, and our present knowledge of bony fish dscam is still limited. in this study, orange-spotted g ...201222627126
rnd type efflux pump system mexab-oprm of pseudomonas aeruginosa selects bacterial languages, 3-oxo-acyl-homoserine lactones, for cell-to-cell communication.bacteria release a wide variety of small molecules including cell-to-cell signaling compounds. gram-negative bacteria use a variety of self-produced autoinducers such as acylated homoserine lactones (acyl-hsls) as signal compounds for quorum sensing (qs) within and between bacterial species. qs plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and in beneficial symbiosis by responding to acyl-hsls in pseudomonas aeruginosa. it is considered that the selection of bacterial langu ...201222574700
identification and characterization of a hepcidin from half-smooth tongue sole cynoglossus semilaevis.hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, has a dual function including innate immunity and iron regulation. here, based on the sequence of an est database, we have isolated and characterized a hepcidin gene (referred to as cshepcidin) from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). analysis of the coding regions indicated cshepcidin gene comprised 3 exons and 2 introns. the putative cshepcidin showed a great similarity to other hepcidin orthologues, particularly with respect to its 24 aa signa ...201222565018
nervous necrosis virus replicates following the embryo development and dual infection with iridovirus at juvenile stage in grouper.infection of virus (such as nodavirus and iridovirus) and bacteria (such as vibrio anguillarum) in farmed grouper has been widely reported and caused large economic losses to taiwanese fish aquaculture industry since 1979. the multiplex assay was used to detect dual viral infection and showed that only nervous necrosis virus (nnv) can be detected till the end of experiments (100% mortality) once it appeared. in addition, iridovirus can be detected in a certain period of rearing. the results of r ...201222563447
the expression of dopa decarboxylase and dopamine beta hydroxylase and their responding to bacterial challenge during the ontogenesis of scallop chlamys farreri.dopa decarboxylase (ddc) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (dbh) is responsible for the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively. in the present study, dopa decarboxylase (cfddc) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (cfdbh) were selected as indicator to investigate the development of catecholaminergic nervous system in the larvae of scallop chlamys farreri. the cfddc and cfdbh transcripts were all detectable during the whole ontogenesis expect for the cfddc transcripts in 2-cell embryos stage ...201222521420
miiuy croaker hepcidin gene and comparative analyses reveal evidence for positive selection.hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (hamp) is a small cysteine-rich peptide and a key molecule of the innate immune system against bacterial infections. molecular cloning and genomic characterization of hamp gene in the miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy) were reported in this study. the miiuy croaker hamp was predicted to encode a prepropeptide of 99 amino acids, a tentative rx(k/r)r cleavage motif and eight characteristic cysteine residues were also identified. the gene organization is also similar to ...201222511989
immune responses of zebrafish (danio rerio) induced by bath-vaccination with a live attenuated vibrio anguillarum vaccine candidate.a fish vaccine candidate, live attenuated vibrio anguillarum, which can protect fish from vibriosis, was established in our laboratory. in this study, the protective immunological mechanism of live attenuated v. anguillarum was investigated in zebrafish as a model animal. after bath-vaccinated with the live attenuated strain, zebrafish were challenged with wild pathogenic strain to test the immunoprotection of the live attenuated strain. as the results, specific antibody response of fish against ...201222507197
secondary structure of antisense rnaβ, an internal transcriptional terminator of the plasmid-encoded iron transport-biosynthesis operon of vibrio anguillarum.rnaβ affects the transcription process of the iron transport-biosynthesis operon encoded in the pjm1 plasmid of vibrio anguillarum at a stem-loop structure located in the intergenic region between the fata and angr genes. the net result is a higher level of the fatd, fatc, fatb, and fata moiety as compared with the longer transcript encoding those genes as well as the angr and angt genes. in this work we report the secondary structure of rnaβ determined by treatment with single and double strand ...201222491898
zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae as a system to test the efficacy of polysaccharides as immunostimulants.the present study was carried out to examine the use of zebrafish (danio rerio) as a preliminary screening model for testing the effect of potential immunostimulant substances on the innate immune system. β-glucan, a polysaccharide used widely as an immunostimulant, was used as a representative molecule and tested on zebrafish embryos and larvae. the efficacy of the molecule was evaluated by determining the differential expression of some selected genes related to the immune system by rt-qpcr. l ...201222489616
a divalent dna vaccine based on sia10 and ompu induces cross protection against streptococcus iniae and vibrio anguillarum in japanese flounder.streptococcosis and vibriosis caused by streptococcus iniae and vibrio anguillarum respectively have affected fish culture industries around the world. previous studies have indicated that the s. iniae antigen sia10 and the v. anguillarum outer membrane protein ompu, when used as dna vaccines, induce protection in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and asian seabass (lates calcarifer) respectively. in this study, with an effort to develop effective vaccines against s. iniae and v. anguillarum, we con ...201222480661
[molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of ayu complement component c9 gene].c9, a component of the membrane attack complex, participates in the final stage of the complement cascade which lyses foreign organisms by disrupting the integrity of their cell membranes. in the present study, a full-length ayu c9 (ac9) cdna was cloned which contains 2,125 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 592 amino acids. a signal peptide was deposited in the n-terminal 22 residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of ac9 showed 56.8% identity to the c9 of rainbow trout, and 40.9% to 53.8% i ...201222467389
association of cflgbp gene polymorphism with disease susceptibility/resistance of zhikong scallop (chlamys farreri) to listonella anguillarum.lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) is a pattern recognition receptor (prr) recognizing and binding both lps and β-1, 3-glucan, playing important roles in innate immunity. in the present study, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were assessed in lgbp gene from scallop chlamys farreri (designated cflgbp), and eight snps were found in its potential lps and glucanase binding motif. the locus +7679 with the transition of g-a, which produced an amino acid substitution ...201222465359
immune response of four dual-crd c-type lectins to microbial challenges in giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii.c-type lectins (ctls) are believed to play important roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates and serve as pattern recognition receptors, opsonins, or effector molecules. in this study, the full-lengths cdna of 4 ctl genes from giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii were cloned and designated as mrlec1, mrlec2, mrlec3, and mrlec4. all of these 4 lectin cdnas encode proteins with 2 carbohydrate recognition domains (crds). while mrlec1, mrlec3, and mrlec4 had signal peptides, no sig ...201222450241
phylogenetic analysis of antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria from farmed seabass dicentrarchus labrax.the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in the prevention or reduction of fish diseases is receiving increasing attention. in the present study, 47 lab strains were isolated from farmed seabass ( dicentrarchus labrax ) and were phenotypically and phylogenetically analysed by 16s rdna and randomly amplified polymorphic dna - polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). their antimicrobial effect was tested in vitro against a wide variety of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. most of the strains isolated we ...201222439634
molecular cloning and characterization of interleukin-1β in half-smooth tongue sole cynoglossus semilaevis.as a member of the interleukin (il)-1 family, il-1β is a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, which plays a crucial role in immune responses. herein, we reported the full length cdna of il-1β in half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). the csil-1β cdna contained a 130 bp 5' utr, a 417 bp 3' utr and a 741 bp coding sequence (cds) that translated into a polypeptide of 246 amino acids. the protein sequence included a typical il-1 family signature and lacked an interleukin-converting enzy ...201222436375
effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis, larvae challenged with pathogenic vibrio anguillarum.this study investigated the protective effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (phb) on chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis, zoea larvae challenged with pathogenic vibrio anguillarum. phb was delivered to the crab larvae through rotifer and artemia bioencapsulation. zoea 3 larvae were challenged with v. anguillarum at a final concentration of 10(5) cfu ml(-1). phb-enriched rotifers and artemia nauplii were added to the culture water 24 h prior to, upon and 24 h after challenge. the results confirme ...201222417317
a goose-type lysozyme gene in japanese scallop (mizuhopecten yessoensis): cdna cloning, mrna expression and promoter sequence analysis.lysozyme is an important component of the immune response against bacteria that is characterized by its ability to break down bacterial cell-walls. we constructed a high-quality cdna library from mantle tissue of adult japanese scallop (mizuhopecten yessoensis). the est which is high homology with g-type lysozyme genes of other species was found in the cdna library. in the present study, the complete express sequence of g-type lysozyme genes from japanese scallop (designated as mylysog) was dire ...201222366552
a scallop c-type lectin from argopecten irradians (aictl5) with activities of lipopolysaccharide binding and gram-negative bacteria agglutination.c-type lectins are a family of calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins. in the present study, a c-type lectin (designated as aictl5) was identified and characterized from argopecten irradians. the full-length cdna of aictl5 was of 673 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 24 bp, a 3' utr of 130 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 519 bp encoding a polypeptide of 172 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids. a c-type lectin-like domai ...201222342746
alternation of immune parameters and cellular energy allocation of chlamys farreri under ammonia-n exposure and vibrio anguillarum challenge.the complex interactions among host, pathogen and environment are believed to be the main causes for the mass mortality of cultured scallops. in the present study, the temporal variations of immune parameters and cellular energy allocation (cea) of chlamys farreri under ammonia-n, vibrio anguillarum as well as their combined treatment were investigated to better understand the energetic mechanisms of scallop in immune defense. after 1 d exposure to ammonia-n, v. anguillarum and their combination ...201222326939
bacterial host interaction of gfp-labelled vibrio anguillarum hi-610 with gnotobiotic sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), larvae.the location and cell damage caused by vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of classical vibriosis, within the developing gut of the newly hatched sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax (l.), is unknown. a gnotobiotic sea bass model was used to investigate the early interactions of v. anguillarum with sea bass larvae. in the present study, germ-free sea bass larvae were orally exposed to a v. anguillarum hi-610 pathogen labelled with the green fluorescent protein (gfp-hi-610) and sampled at regular i ...201222324372
identification and expression analysis of goose-type lysozyme in half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis).lysozymes are considered to be potent innate immune molecules against the invasion of bacterial pathogens. the goose-type lysozyme is one of the three major distinct lysozyme types identified in the animal kingdom including teleosts. in this report, we identified, sequenced, and characterized the goose-type lysozyme gene (csglys) from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). the full-length cdna of csglys is 1191 bp in length from the transcription start site to polyadenylation site, in ...201222321603
influence of elevated temperatures on the immune response of abalone, haliotis rubra.elevated water temperature can act as a stressor impacting the immune responses of molluscs, potentially increasing their susceptibility to microbial infections. abalone are commercially important marine molluscs that have recently experienced disease outbreaks caused by a herpesvirus and vibrio bacteria. sampling of wild-caught haliotis rubra showed a significant correlation between water temperature and both antiviral and antibacterial activity, with higher activity in summer than in winter mo ...201222306749
multiplex pcr for the detection of piscirickettsia salmonis, vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida and streptococcus phocae in chilean marine farms.a multiplex (m-)pcr-based protocol was designed for the simultaneous detection of the main marine bacterial pathogens in chilean salmon farms: streptococcus phocae, aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum and piscirickettsia salmonis. each of the 4 oligonucleotide primer pairs exclusively amplified the target gene of the specific bacterial pathogen. the detection limit of the m-pcr using purified total bacterial dna was 50 pg microl(-1) for v anguillarum, 500 fg microl(-1) for p. salmonis, and ...201122303630
two replication regions in the pjm1 virulence plasmid of the marine pathogen vibrio anguillarum.vibrio anguillarum is a fish pathogen that causes vibriosis, a serious hemorrhagic septicemia, in wild and cultured fish. many serotype o1 strains of this bacterium harbor the 65kb plasmid pjm1 carrying the majority of genes encoding the siderophore anguibactin iron transport system that is one of the most important virulence factors of this bacterium. we previously identified a replication region of the pjm1 plasmid named ori1. in this work we determined that ori1 can replicate in escherichia c ...201222239981
identification and characterization of il-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (irak-4) in half-smooth tongue sole cynoglossus semilaevis.as a crucial component in tlr/il-1r signaling pathways, irak-4 plays a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. in the present study, the cdna of irak-4 was cloned for the first time from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). the full-length cdna of csirak-4 was 2149bp and contained a 168bp 5' utr, a 580bp 3' utr and a 1401bp cds. the predicted protein sequence of csirak-4 had two typical domains, a death domain (dd) at the n terminus and a serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kina ...201222230843
purification and characterization of antibacterial compounds of pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra jg1.pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra jg1 produces a protein pfap and a range of small molecular compounds with inhibitory activities against vibrio anguillarum. the pfap protein was purified from the extracellular products of jg1 by electroelution, and antibacterial activity was observed by the in-gel antibacterial assay. the complete amino acid sequence (694 aa) of pfap was determined by de novo peptide sequencing and subsequently aligning with the proteome sequence of strain jg1. the calculated mole ...201122194352
study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots.in this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. the pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio scophtalmi, edwardsiella tarda, vibrio harveyi and vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (aps), propolis, and the freund's complete adjuvant (fca). turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with ...201122178783
Differential expression and biological activity of two piscidin paralogues and a novel splice variant in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).The piscidin (pis) family of potent antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum activity has an important role in innate host defence. We have identified and characterized two pis paralogues in Atlantic cod (pis1 and pis2), as well as a novel splice variant of pis2, termed pis2-ß. Pis1 and pis2 genes have most likely originated from a recent duplication event, since they share the same four-exon structure with up to 91% identity at the intron level. The alternative transcript pis2-ß is derived fr ...201122178249
Effect of Coriolus versicolor supplemented diet on innate immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus against Listonella anguillarum.The effect of Coriolus versicolor extract supplemented diets on innate immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus against Listonella anguillarum, is reported. Kelp grouper were divided into four groups of 25 each and fed with C. versicolor enriched diets at 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1.0% level. After 30 days of feeding, all fish were injected interaperitoneally (i.p.) with 50 µl of L. anguillarum (4.7 × 10(7) CFU) to investigate the immune parameters at week ...201222155010
Three ferritin subunits involved in immune defense from bay scallop Argopecten irradians.Ferritin is a ubiquitous protein that plays an important role in iron storage and iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity. In this study, three genes encoding different ferritin subunits were cloned from bay scallop Argopecten irradians (AiFer1, AiFer2 and AiFer3) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches based on the known ESTs. The open reading frames of the three ferritins are of 516 bp, 522 bp and 519 bp, encoding 171,173 and 172 amino acids, respectively. All the AiFers con ...201222146701
A novel protein with a fibrinogen-like domain involved in the innate immune response of Marsupenaeus japonicus.Fibrinogen-related proteins play important roles in innate immunity. We isolated a fibrinogen-related protein gene (MjFREP1) in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. MjFREP1 encoded a protein of 270 amino acids, including a 223 amino acid fibrinogen-like domain. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis shows that MjFREP1 is mainly expressed in the gills and the expression is significantly upregulated by Vibrio anguillarum, Staphylococcus aureus, or white spot syndrome virus (WSS ...201222142703
phenotypic and genetic diversity of coexisting listonella anguillarum, vibrio harveyi and vibrio chagassi recovered from skin haemorrhages of diseased sand smelt, atherina boyeri, in the gulf of trieste (ne adriatic sea).aims:  identify and characterize coexisting vibrios associated with haemorrhagic skin lesion bearing sand smelt fishes (atherina boyeri) in north-eastern adriatic sea. methods and results:  bacteria were isolated from external skin lesions of four samples and representative morphotypes grown on tcbs agar were isolated. in total 25 isolates, presumptively assigned to vibrio genus, were biochemically characterized and were grouped in 10 phenotypic profiles. phenotypes were heterogeneously distribu ...201122126646
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