Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| competition and reproduction in mixed infections of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacillus spp. | diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, larvae were infected with a primary pathogen, bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk) in single strain and mixed infections. mixed infections comprised btk and a non-pathogenic isolate, either bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (btt) or bacillus cereus (bc). all strains reproduced in larval cadavers, but there was evidence of competition between different isolates within hosts. non-pathogenic isolates (btt, bc) had growth rates that were faster than btk in vi ... | 2007 | 17467004 |
| host plant and population determine the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | novel adaptations often cause pleiotropic reductions in fitness. under optimal conditions individual organisms may be able to compensate for, or reduce, these fitness costs. declining environmental quality may therefore lead to larger costs. we investigated whether reduced plant quality would increase the fitness costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in two populations of the diamondback moth plutella xylostella. we also measured the rate of decline in resistance on two host ... | 2007 | 17443972 |
| transcriptional profiling by cdna-aflp reveals novel insights during methyl jasmonate, wounding and insect attack in brassica napus. | plants exploit a broad range of defense mechanisms to effectively combat invasion by pathogens or herbivores. each environmental stress activates multiple signal transduction pathways to ensure an effective spatial and temporal defense response. a detailed transcriptome analysis using the cdna-aflp technique was performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed in oilseed rape (brassica napus cv. westar) leaves upon treatment with methyl jasmonate, mechanical wounding, or feeding by ... | 2007 | 17401749 |
| [characteristics of arthropod community in alpine cabbage fields]. | the study on the community structure of arthropod in the alpine cabbage fields of hubei province showed that the dominant pests were brevicoryne brassicae, mamestra brassicae and plutella xylostella, while the dominant natural enemies were diaeretiella rapae, cotesia plutella, erigonidum gramiaicolum and syrphus corollae. the richness, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index of pest and natural enemy sub-communities all changed with time. the dominance index of pest sub-community was ... | 2007 | 17396528 |
| combining steinernema carpocapsae and bacillus thuringienis strains for control of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, is a major pest of crucifers and has developed resistance against all chemical insecticides, even against the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt). entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) as novel biological insecticide were successfully used against dbm. we investigated the potential of bt to enhance the virulence of epn and the possibility to reduce the application density by exploiting synergistic effects. the interaction between differe ... | 2006 | 17390802 |
| application of toxins from the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, for the control of insects on foliage. | larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and nymphs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria were controlled by the application of either cell suspensions from the bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila or filtrates containing cell-free toxins. since there was no significant differences between the two treatments it was concluded that toxins produced by the bacterium were responsible for the lethal effects obtained. cells of xenorhabdus nemato ... | 2006 | 17390798 |
| cloning and characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor gene in spodoptera littoralis larvae. | in noctuid moths cuticular pigmentation is regulated by the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pk/pban) family, which also mediates a variety of other functions in moths and other insects. numerous studies have shown that these neuropeptides exert their functions through activation of the pban receptor (pban-r), with subsequent ca(2+) influx, followed by either activation of camp or direct activation of downstream kinases. recently, several pban-rs have been identified, al ... | 2007 | 17379458 |
| potentiating effect of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on pathogenicity of entomopathogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila k1 against diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | xenorhabdus nematophila is the symbiotic bacterium of an entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae. when the nematode enters a target insect, the symbiotic bacteria are released into the hemocoel. after inducing host immunosuppression, the bacteria multiply in the hemocoel and cause fatal septicemia. for optimal field application to control insect pests, culturing mass numbers of the nematodes would be costly. in this study, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was chosen as an alternative natur ... | 2007 | 17370835 |
| resistance of some cultivated brassicaceae to infestations by plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | selecting insect-resistant plant varieties is a key component of integrated management programs of oligophagous pests such as diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae), but rigorous research on important life history parameters of p. xylostella in relation to host plant resistance is rare. we evaluated six conventional brassicaceous species, namely, brassica napus l. 'q2', b. rapa l., b. juncea (l.) czern., b. carinata l., b. oleracea l., and sinapis alba l., and two ... | 2007 | 17370831 |
| [interaction of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok., beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. and the parasitoid oomyzus sokolowskii (kurdjumov) (hymenoptera: eulophidae) with larvae of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae)]. | chemical insecticides are broadly applied to control diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). diamondback moth is a major pest of cruciferous worldwide, and resistance of this pest to insecticide has been often reported. thus, this research investigated the interactions among the fungi metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok., beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill., and the larval-pupal parasitoid oomyzus sokolowskii (kurdjumov) before and after application of the fungi on dbm larvae offered to the ... | 2006 | 17348136 |
| ozone degrades common herbivore-induced plant volatiles: does this affect herbivore prey location by predators and parasitoids? | inducible terpenes and lipoxygenase pathway products, e.g., green-leaf volatiles (glvs), are emitted by plants in response to herbivory. they are used by carnivorous arthropods to locate prey. these compounds are highly reactive with atmospheric pollutants. we hypothesized that elevated ozone (o(3)) may affect chemical communication between plants and natural enemies of herbivores by degrading signal compounds. in this study, we have used two tritrophic systems (brassica oleracea-plutella xylost ... | 2007 | 17333375 |
| characterization of directly transformed weedy brassica rapa and introgressed b. rapa with bt cry1ac and gfp genes. | crop to weed transgene flow, which could result in more competitive weed populations, is an agricultural biosafety concern. crop brassica napus to weedy brassica rapa hybridization has been extensively characterized to better understand the transgene flow and its consequences. in this study, weedy accessions of b. rapa were transformed with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac- and green fluorescence protein (gfp)-coding transgenes using agrobacterium to assess ecological performance of the wild b ... | 2007 | 17333014 |
| phylogenetic analysis of two putative nosema isolates from cruciferous lepidopteran pests in taiwan. | in this study, a new microsporidian, px2, was isolated from the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and then compared with another isolate (px1), and with nosema spodopterae and n. bombycis. sequence data showed that the rrna gene organizations of px1 and px2 exhibited a typical nosema-specific organization: 5'-lsurrna (large subunit ribosomal rna)-its (internal transcribed spacer)-ssurrna-igs (intergenic spacer)-5s-3'. phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood, neighbor joining, maximum pars ... | 2007 | 17266983 |
| evaluation of fixed sample-size plans for plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on broccoli crops in australia. | fixed sample-size plans for monitoring plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on broccoli and other brassica vegetable crops are popular in australia for their simplicity and ease of application. but the sample sizes used are often small, approximately 10-25 plants per crop, and it may be that they fail to provide sufficient information upon which to base pest control decisions. we tested the performance of seven fixed sample-size plans (10, 15, 20, 30, 35, 40, and 45 plants) by res ... | 2006 | 17195690 |
| development of a recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 that produces the endochitinase chia74. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 was transformed with the homologous endochitinase gene chia74 of b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae lbit-82 under the regulation of its own promoter and shine-dalgarno sequence. the plasmid, pehchia74, which harbors chia74, was detected by southern blot analysis and showed high segregational stability when the recombinant strain was grown in a medium without antibiotic. the recombinant bacterium transformed with pehchia74 showed an improvement in chitinol ... | 2007 | 17136568 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cyp6bf1 from the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | a novel cdna clong encoding a cytochrome p450 was screened from the insecticide-susceptible strain of plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera:yponomeutidae). the nucleotide sequence of the clone, designated cyp6bf1, was determined. this is the first full-length sequence of the cyp6 family from plutella xylostella (l.). the cdna is 1661bp in length and contains an open reading frame from base pairs 26 to 1570, encoding a protein of 514 amino acid residues. it is similar to the other insect p450s in ... | 2005 | 17119627 |
| germination polarity of beauveria bassiana conidia and its possible correlation with virulence. | three different germination types of conidia; unidirectional, bidirectional and multidirectional, were revealed through microscopic observations for eight beauveria bassiana isolates germinated on sabouraud dextrose agar. canonical correlation analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between unidirectional germination and virulence against diamondback moth, plutella xylostella and the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. scanning electron microscopy revealed differen ... | 2007 | 17097103 |
| lack of cross-resistance to indoxacarb in insecticide-resistant spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae). | two field strains of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (je smith), collected from corn in north florida showed high resistance to carbaryl (626- and 1159-fold) and moderate resistance to parathion-methyl (30- and 39-fold) as compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. a field strain of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) collected from cabbage in north florida and selected for 20 generations with permethrin showed high resistance to permethrin (987-fold) as compared with a s ... | 2007 | 17089332 |
| glucosinolate and trichome defenses in a natural arabidopsis lyrata population. | glucosinolates (gs) and trichomes contribute to plant resistance against insect herbivores in the model arabidopsis thaliana. the functional and genetic characteristics of herbivore defense, however, can differ even between closely related species. in a quantitative genetic experiment with the out-crossing perennial arabidopsis lyrata spp. petraea, we measured constitutive gs composition, trichome density, leaf thickness, and plant resistance in four different herbivore interactions. in a single ... | 2006 | 17089185 |
| metabolomic differentiation of brassica rapa following herbivory by different insect instars using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the metabolic alterations of brassica rapa (l.) leaves attacked by larvae of the specialist plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) and the generalist spodoptera exigua hubner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) were investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, followed by a multivariate data analysis. the principal component analysis (pca) of (1)h nmr spectra showed that metabolic changes in b. rapa leaves induced by the 2nd and the 4th instars were different from each othe ... | 2006 | 17080307 |
| phage displayed bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 toxin is toxic to plutella xylostella. | we constructed recombinant phage particles displaying the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 active toxin using the pfuse5 and pcomb3x phagemid vectors. the recombinant phage particles were screened and evaluated for displayed biologically active cry1ba4 toxin against the target insect larvae. concurrent expression of cry1ba4 protoxin was carried out using the petblue -2 plasmid expression vector in escherichia coli tuner (de3)placi and the protoxin was successfully expressed at a size of 129 kda. i ... | 2006 | 17036210 |
| evolving resistance to obesity in an insect. | failure to adapt to a changing nutritional environment comes at a cost, as evidenced by the modern human obesity crisis. consumption of energy-rich diets can lead to obesity and is associated with deleterious consequences not only in humans but also in many other animals, including insects. the question thus arises whether animals restricted over multiple generations to high-energy diets can evolve mechanisms to limit the deposition of adverse levels of body fat. we show that plutella xylostella ... | 2006 | 16968774 |
| [feeding preference of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) larva to its hosts]. | the feeding experiment with different sorts of brassica vegetable crops showed that plutella xylostella larva preferred the seedlings of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.) and caixin (brassica campestris l.) to those of rape (brassica napus l.) and cabbage (brassica olereacea l.), with a selection proportion of 93.33% and 6.67% between chinese cabbage and rape, and of 16.67% and 83.33% between cabbage and caixin. on the whole, the feeding preference of p. xylo ... | 2006 | 16964942 |
| suppression of plutella xylostella and trichoplusia ni in cole crops with attracticide formulations. | the three key lepidopteran pests of cole, brassica oleracea l., crops in north america are diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae); cabbage looper; trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); and imported cabbageworm, pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae). two species-specific pheromone-based experimental attracticide formulations were evaluated against these pests: lastcall dbm for p. xylostella and lastcall cl for t. ni. no lastcall formulation was avai ... | 2006 | 16937690 |
| host shift to peas in the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and response of its parasitoid diadegma mollipla (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | host shifts in herbivorous insects are thought to sometimes provide enemy-free space on the novel host plant. a population of the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (linnaeus), an oligophagous pest on crucifers, recently shifted to sugar snap- and snowpeas (pisum sativum) in kenya, resulting in heavy damage to these crops. the impact of this host shift on the interaction with diadegma mollipla (holmgren), one of the most frequent parasitoid species attacking p. xylostella in this area, was inv ... | 2006 | 16923209 |
| prey-mediated effects of transgenic canola on a beneficial, non-target, carabid beetle. | transgenic plants producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can control some major insect pests and reduce reliance on sprayed insecticides. however, large scale adoption of this technology has raised concerns about potential negative effects, including evolution of pest resistance to bt toxins, transgene flow from bt crops to other plants, and harm to non-target beneficial organisms. furthermore, concern has also been expressed over the effects this technology may have on ... | 2006 | 16906450 |
| the compatibility of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus control with resistance management for bacillus thuringiensis: co-infection and cross-resistance studies with the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the use of genetically modified crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins can lead to the reduction in application of broad-spectrum pesticides and an increased opportunity for supplementary biological control. bt microbial sprays are also used by organic growers or as part of integrated pest management programs that rely on the use of natural enemies. in both applications the evolution of resistance to bt toxins is a potential problem. natural enemies (pathogens or insects) acting in ... | 2006 | 16905146 |
| acquisition, persistence, and species susceptibility of the hz-2v virus. | hz-2v, formerly called gonad-specific virus, is known to infect the reproductive organs of both males and females of the corn earworm helicoverpa zea, rendering them agonadal or sterile. the primary mode of transmission is through mating by asymptomatic carrier moths. in this report we show that hz-2v can be acquired by first instar larvae, through feeding on virus laced diet, although the incidence of agonadal condition was significantly lower. in a laboratory study, the virus appeared to persi ... | 2006 | 16904685 |
| genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | bioassays (at generation g2) with a newly collected field population (designated ch3) of plutella xylostella l. from farmers' fields in the cameron highlands, malaysia, indicated resistance ratios of 813-, 79-, 171-, 498- and 1285-fold for indoxacarb, fipronil, spinosad, deltamethrin and bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac respectively compared with a laboratory susceptible population (lab-uk). at g2 the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations: one was selected (g2 to g7) wi ... | 2006 | 16886171 |
| impact of bt maize pollen (mon810) on lepidopteran larvae living on accompanying weeds. | environmental risks of bt maize, particularly pollen drift from bt maize, were assessed for nontarget lepidopteran larvae in maize field margins. in our experimental approach, we carried out 3-year field trials on 6 ha total. three treatments were used in a randomized block design with eight replications resulting in 24 plots: (i) near-isogenic control variety without insecticide (control), (ii) near-isogenic control variety with chemical insecticide (baytroid) and (iii) bt maize expressing the ... | 2006 | 16842436 |
| restraining erwinia virulence by expression of n-acyl homoserine lactonase gene pro3a-aiia in bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis. | to widen the biological control function of a genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis strain bmb-005, an acyl homoserine lactonase (ahl lactonase) gene aiia transcribed by the promoter of insecticidal crystal protein coding gene cry3a, was transformed into strain bmb-005. the amount of ahl lactonase protein produced by transformant bmb821a was 2.4-fold more than that produced by bmb-005. ahl-degradation assay showed that transformant bmb821a could degrade more ahls molecules tha ... | 2006 | 16838380 |
| molecular and insecticidal characterization of a cry1i protein toxic to insects of the families noctuidae, tortricidae, plutellidae, and chrysomelidae. | the most notable characteristic of bacillus thuringiensis is its ability to produce insecticidal proteins. more than 300 different proteins have been described with specific activity against insect species. we report the molecular and insecticidal characterization of a novel cry gene encoding a protein of the cry1i group with toxic activity towards insects of the families noctuidae, tortricidae, plutellidae, and chrysomelidae. pcr analysis detected a dna sequence with an open reading frame of 2. ... | 2006 | 16820473 |
| differences in susceptibility and physiological fitness of mexican field trichoplusia ni strains exposed to bacillus thuringiensis. | the use of different commercial bacillus thuringiensis (bt) products in the bajio guanajuatense area in mexico began 12 yr ago, and resistance to bt in this area has been reported for plutella xylostella (l.) the current study provides a baseline response and resistance potential to bt in field and laboratory strains of bajio trichoplusia ni (hübner). differences in susceptibility to bt among t. ni populations were observed. t. ni neonates collected in romita, guanajuato, were more susceptible t ... | 2006 | 16813334 |
| serine proteases and metalloproteases associated with pathogenesis but not host specificity in the entomophthoralean fungus zoophthora radicans. | the protease activity of a zoophthora radicans strain that was highly infective toward pieris brassicae (cabbage butterfly) larvae was compared with that of isogenic strains that were adapted to plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) larvae through serial passage. all strains produced three distinct serine proteases ranging in size from 25 to 37 kda; however, the original strain from p. brassicae also produced large amounts of an approximately 46 kda metalloprotease. subsequently, a cdna encodin ... | 2006 | 16788723 |
| isothiocyanates stimulating oviposition by the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | recognition of cabbage as a host plant for the diamondback moth (dbm) has previously been shown to depend on compounds that are extracted by soaking intact foliage in chloroform. analysis of such chloroform extracts by open column chromatography has now resulted in the isolation of highly active fractions that elicit oviposition on treated filter papers. further separation of these fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of two distinct groups of active compound ... | 2006 | 16718569 |
| efficacy of mosquito netting for sustainable small holders' cabbage production in africa. | the efficacy of a mosquito netting to protect cabbages, brassica oleracea l., against pests was investigated in field trials in benin, west africa. a polyester net covered the plants at night by using a wood armature. the net was removed during the day to prevent overheating and excessive shade, both problems of insect-proof screens used under tropical conditions. the number of all lepidopteran larvae with netting protection and foliar insecticide sprays was significantly lower than the unprotec ... | 2006 | 16686146 |
| arabidopsis myrosinases tgg1 and tgg2 have redundant function in glucosinolate breakdown and insect defense. | in arabidopsis and other brassicaceae, the enzyme myrosinase (beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase, tgg) degrades glucosinolates to produce toxins that deter herbivory. a broadly applicable selection for meiotic recombination between tightly linked t-dna insertions was developed to generate arabidopsis tgg1tgg2 double mutants and study myrosinase function. glucosinolate breakdown in crushed leaves of tgg1 or tgg2 single mutants was comparable to that of wild-type, indicating redundant enzyme functi ... | 2006 | 16640593 |
| solar ultraviolet-b radiation alters the attractiveness of arabidopsis plants to diamondback moths (plutella xylostella l.): impacts on oviposition and involvement of the jasmonic acid pathway. | solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b) can have large impacts on the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects. several studies have documented effects of uv-b-induced changes in plant tissue quality on the feeding performance of insect larvae. in contrast, the effects of uv-b-induced plant responses on the behavior of adult insects have received little attention. we carried out a series of field and glasshouse experiments using the model plant arabidopsis thaliana l. and the crucifer-sp ... | 2006 | 16639567 |
| the effects of kaolin particle film on plutella xylostella behaviour and development. | studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a kaolin-based particle film against the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae). the effect of the particle film on development, survival and host plant selection was tested on calabrese seedlings, brassica oleracea italica plenck cv. fiesta f(1), under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory. survival to adulthood was significantly reduced and development time increased on kaolin-treated compared with ... | 2006 | 16602083 |
| engineered bacillus thuringiensis go33a with broad insecticidal activity against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. | a recombinant plasmid pstk-3a containing cry3aa7 gene encoding a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein was constructed and introduced into wild bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai g03, which contained cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ca, and cry2ab genes and was highly toxic to lepidopteran insect pests. the genetically engineered strain were named g033a. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry3aa7 gene was expressed normally and pro ... | 2006 | 16572346 |
| impact of botanical pesticides derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica plants on the emission of volatiles that attract parasitoids of the diamondback moth to cabbage plants. | herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree azadirachta indica, neemix 4.5, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, cotesia plutellae and diadromus collaris. cotesia plutellae was attracted only to plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. female c. plut ... | 2006 | 16555134 |
| evaluation of a chemically inducible promoter for developing a within-plant refuge for resistance management. | chemically inducible production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in transgenic plants may provide considerable benefits in preventing or delaying the evolution of insect resistance to bt crops by creating within-plant temporal refuges. we examined the effect of inducible cry1ab expression on survival of different genotypes (rr, rs, and ss) of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), in transgenic broccoli, brassica oleracea l., plants transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. ... | 2005 | 16539150 |
| inheritance of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c in the diamondback moth. | laboratory selection increased resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1c in a strain of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). the selected strain was derived from a field population that had evolved high levels of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and moderate resistance to cry1c. relative to the responses of a susceptible strain of diamondback moth, the resistance to cry1c of the selected strain increased to 62-fold after six generations of selection. the realize ... | 1997 | 16535623 |
| a change in a single midgut receptor in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) is only in part responsible for field resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | a population (serd3) of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella l.) with field-evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 (dipel) and b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (florbac) was collected. laboratory-based selection of two subpopulations of serd3 with b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk-sel) or b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (bta-sel) increased resistance to the selecting agent with little apparent cross-resistance. this result suggested the presence of independent ... | 1997 | 16535597 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin to aminopeptidase in susceptible and resistant diamondback moths (plutella xylostella). | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin bound to a 120-kda protein isolated from the brush border membranes of both susceptible and resistant larvae of plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. the 120-kda protein was purified by cry1ac toxin affinity chromatography. like cry1ac-binding aminopeptidase n (ec 3.4.11.2) from other insects, this protein was eluted from the affinity column with 200 mm n-acetylgalactosamine. the purified protein had aminopeptidase activity and bound cry1ac toxin on ligan ... | 1997 | 16535536 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis spore and crystal protein to resistant diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | a colony of plutella xylostella from crucifer fields in florida was used in mortality bioassays with hd-1 spore, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), cryib, cryic, cryid, cryie, or cryiia. the data revealed high levels of field-evolved resistance to hd-1 spore and all cryia protoxins and no resistance to cryib, cryic, or cryid. cryie and cryiia were essentially not toxic. when hd-1 spore was combined 1:1 with protoxin and fed to susceptible larvae, spore synergized the activity of cryia and cryic 5- to ... | 1996 | 16535241 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein enhancing the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki against spodoptera exigua. | the objective of this work was to enhance the insecticidal activity or widen the pesticidal spectrum of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt1520. | 2006 | 16441373 |
| synthesis of quinolactacide via an acyl migration reaction and dehydrogenation with manganese dioxide, and its insecticidal activities. | quinolactacide isolated from penicillium citrinum f 1539 was synthesized and evaluated for its insecticidal activities. the key steps of the total synthesis were an acyl migration reaction of the enol ester intermediate and dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolactacide with manganese dioxide. the synthesized quinolactacide showed 100% and 42% mortality against the green peach aphid (myzus persicae) and diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) at 500 ppm, respectively. | 2006 | 16428857 |
| bacillus thuringiensis protein production, signal transduction, and insect control in chemically inducible pr-1a/cry1ab broccoli plants. | in an effort to develop a chemically inducible system for insect management, we studied production of cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein and control of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella l., in inducer-treated and untreated tissues of a broccoli line transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. spraying leaves of these plants with the inducer acibenzolar-s-methyl (= 1,2,3 benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid-s-methyl-ester) (asm) triggered expression of the cry1ab ... | 2006 | 16418860 |
| microsatellites reveal a lack of structure in australian populations of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, is renowned for developing resistance to insecticides and causing significant economic damage to brassica vegetable crops throughout the world. yet despite its economic importance, little is known about the population structure and movement patterns of this pest both at local and regional scales. in australia, the movement patterns and insecticide resistance status of p. xylostella infesting canola, vegetables, forage brassicas and weeds have fundamenta ... | 2006 | 16367834 |
| synergism between bacillus thuringiensis spores and toxins against resistant and susceptible diamondback moths (plutella xylostella). | we studied the effects of combinations of bacillus thuringiensis spores and toxins on the mortality of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) larvae in leaf residue bioassays. spores of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki increased the toxicity of crystals of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to both resistant and susceptible larvae. for b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, resistance ratios were 1,200 for a spore-crystal mixture and 56,000 for crystals without spores. treatment of a spore-crystal form ... | 1998 | 16349543 |
| cross-resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cryif in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | selection with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which contains cryia and cryii toxins, caused a >200-fold cross-resistance to cryif toxin from b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. cryie was not toxic, but cryib was highly toxic to both selected and unselected larvae. the results show that extremely high levels of cross-resistance can be conferred across classes of cryi toxins of b. thuringiensis. | 1994 | 16349471 |
| determination and distribution of cry-type genes of bacillus thuringiensis isolates from taiwan. | using pcr with a set of specific oligonucleotide primers to detect cryi-type genes, we were able to screen the cry-type genes of 225 bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from taiwan without much cost in time or labor. some combinations of cry genes (the cry-type profile) in a single isolate were unique. we identified five distinct profiles of crystal genes from the b. thuringiensis soil isolates from taiwan. the cry genes included cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), cryic, cryid, and cryiv. interestin ... | 1994 | 16349324 |
| biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was evaluated for its potential use in an alternative icp screening method and in the characterization of icp receptors. in vivo biological activity of cryia(b), as inferred from bioassays with manduca sexta and ostrinia nubilalis and from histopathological effects on o. nubilalis midgut cells induced by force feeding, was not affected by biotinylation at moderate biotinylation ratios. a competitive radioreceptor assay ... | 1993 | 16348959 |
| resistance to toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki causes minimal cross-resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | repeated exposure in the field followed by laboratory selection produced 1,800- to >6,800-fold resistance to formulations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. four toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki [cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), and cryiia] caused significantly less mortality in resistant larvae than in susceptible larvae. resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulations and toxins did not affect the response to c ... | 1993 | 16348929 |
| construction of novel bacillus thuringiensis strains with different insecticidal activities by transduction and transformation. | the shuttle vector pht3101 and its derivative pht408, bearing a copy of a cryia(a) delta-endotoxin gene, were transferred into several bacillus thuringiensis subspecies through phage cp-54ber-mediated transduction, with frequencies ranging from 5 x 10 to 2 x 10 transductant per cfu, depending on the strain and on the plasmid. in cry and cry native recipients, the introduction of the cryia(a) gene resulted in the formation of large bipyramidal crystals that were active against the insect plutella ... | 1992 | 16348674 |
| risk assessment studies: detailed host range testing of wild-type cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae (lepidoptera: noctuidae), nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the host range of a multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) (baculoviridae) isolated from the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae (lepidoptera: noctuidae), was determined by challenging a wide range of insect species with high (10 polyhedral inclusion bodies) and low (10 polyhedral inclusion bodies) doses of the virus. the identity of the progeny virus was confirmed by dot blotting. analysis of 50% lethal dose was carried out on selected species, and the progeny virus was identified by ... | 1990 | 16348279 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel gene cry9ec1 encoding lepidopteran-specific parasporal inclusion protein from a bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain. | a novel delta-endotoxin gene from a lepidopteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain was cloned, and the full sequence of the cry gene was determined. the cloned 6.5-kb dna fragment included the full sequence of the cry gene and three open reading frames located upstream of the cry gene. the gene, designated cry9ec1, encodes a polypeptide of 1154 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 130 237. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cry9ec1 protein had the h ... | 2005 | 16333339 |
| [cloning and expression of icp cry1ab16 gene of bacillus thuringiensis]. | with two pairs of primers designed on the basis of the sequence of cry1 and cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), a novel insecticidal crystal protein crylab gene of bt was amplified from bacillus strain ac-11 by using long template pcr system. southernblot further confirmed that the novel gene existed in plasmid of the strain. the amplified fragment was sequenced and compared with cry1ab1 gene in embl/genbank. the results showed that eight nucleotides and seven amino acid residues were ... | 2003 | 16276913 |
| common, but complex, mode of resistance of plutella xylostella to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ab and cry1ac. | a field collected population of plutella xylostella (serd4) was selected in the laboratory with bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins cry1ac (cry1ac-sel) and cry1ab (cry1ab-sel). both subpopulations showed similar phenotypes: high resistance to the cry1a toxins and little cross-resistance to cry1ca or cry1d. a previous analysis of the cry1ac-sel showed incompletely dominant resistance to cry1ac with more than one factor, at least one of which was sex influenced. in the present study reciprocal mass ... | 2005 | 16269720 |
| evaluation of the time-concentration-mortality responses of plutella xylostella larvae to the interaction of beauveria bassiana with a nereistoxin analogue insecticide. | six bioassays were conducted to evaluate the interaction between beauveria bassiana sg8702 and a nereistoxin analogue insecticide, diammonium s,s'-(2-dimethylaminotrimethylene)di(thiosulfate), which is highly compatible with the fungal biocontrol agent against diamondback moth plutella xylostella (l.). second-instar larvae were exposed to sprays of b. bassiana alone (assay 1) at concentrations of 21-38, 157-232 and 822-1133 conidia mm(-2) or together with the insecticide at the low application r ... | 2006 | 16235267 |
| experience-altered oviposition responses to a neem-based product, neemix, by the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the oviposition responses of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l., to neemix 4.5, a neem-based oviposition repellent/deterrent, with or without previous experience were studied in the laboratory on plain aluminum foil sheets, on aluminum foil sheets coated with cabbage juice, and on cabbage plants. in the plain aluminum foil sheet experiment, the females without prior experience of neemix (inexperienced females) deposited more eggs (66.2%) on sections with untreated sheets than on sectio ... | 2006 | 16217730 |
| novel vip3-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | a novel vip3-related gene was identified in bacillus thuringiensis. this novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kda protein (801 amino acids). this novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with vip3a proteins and is designated vip3ba1. vip3ba1 has several specific features. differences between vip3ba1 and the vip3a proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the c-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. the regions containing the two proteolytic pro ... | 2005 | 16204549 |
| behavioural responses of diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) to extracts derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica. | the impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, melia azedarach and the neem tree, azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus). both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. at higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. the botanica ... | 2005 | 16197566 |
| [evaluation of non-host plant ethanol extracts against plutella xylostella population]. | through establishing experimental and natural population life tables, and by using the index of population trend (1) and interference index of population control (iipc), this paper evaluated 8 kinds of non-host plant ethanol extracts against experimental population of plutella xylostella, and 3 kinds of these extracts and their mixture against plutella xylostella natural population. the experimental population life table of dbm showed that the index of population trend (i) was 69. 8964 in contro ... | 2005 | 16180759 |
| response of plutella xylostella and its parasitoid cotesia plutellae to volatile compounds. | the effects of limonene, a mixture of limonene + carvone (1:1, v/v), and methyl jasmonate (meja) on diamondback moth (dbm) (plutella xylostella l.) oviposition, larval feeding, and the behavior of its larval parasitoid cotesia plutellae (kurdjumov) with cabbage (brassica oleracea l. ssp. capitata, cvs. rinda and lennox) and broccoli (b. oleracea subsp. italica cv lucky) were tested. limonene showed no deterrent effect on dbm when plants were sprayed with or exposed to limonene, although there wa ... | 2005 | 16132207 |
| improved production of insecticidal proteins in bacillus thuringiensis strains carrying an additional cry1c gene in its chromosome. | a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera exigua, was introduced into wildtype bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain ybt1520 using an integrative and thermosensitive vector, pbmb-flce, which was developed based on b. thuringiensis transposon tn4430 harboring a tnpi-tnpa gene. with the mediation of tnpi-tnpa, the cry1c gene was integrated into the chromosome of the host strain. to prevent secondary integration, the integrative vector was eliminated by moving recombinant cultures t ... | 2005 | 16116654 |
| using yellow rocket as a trap crop for diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | yellow rocket, barbarea vulgaris (r. br.) variety arcuata, was evaluated as a trap crop for diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae), in cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata, in 2003 and 2004. in 2003, the numbers of p. xylostella larvae found in field plots of cabbage alone were 5.2-11.3 times higher than those on cabbage plants in plots that included cabbage and several rows of yellow rocket. in an outdoor experiment in screenhouses, p. xylostella oviposi ... | 2005 | 16022317 |
| manipulating the attractiveness and suitability of hosts for diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | ovipositional preference and larval survival of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), were compared among cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata; glossy collards, brassica oleracea l. variety acephala; and yellow rocket, barbarea vulgaris (r. br.) variety arcuata in different treatments of planting density, host plant age, intercropping, and water stress in 2003 and 2004. p. xylostella laid nearly twice as many eggs per plant in the high planting densities of glossy collards an ... | 2005 | 16022312 |
| genes and environment interact to determine the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | genes which provide resistance to novel challenges such as pesticides, toxins or pathogens often impose fitness costs on individuals with a resistant phenotype. studies of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis and its insecticidal cry toxins indicate that fitness costs may be variable and cryptic. using two field populations (karak and serd4) of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, we tested the hypothesis that the costs associated with resistance to the b. thuringiensis toxin cry1ac would ... | 2005 | 16011928 |
| elevated co(2) influences herbivory-induced defense responses of arabidopsis thaliana. | we experimentally demonstrate that elevated co(2) can modify herbivory-induced plant chemical responses in terms of both total and individual glucosinolate concentrations. overall, herbivory by larvae of diamondback moths (plutella xylostella) resulted in no change in glucosinolate levels of the annual plant arabidopsis thaliana under ambient co(2) conditions. however, herbivory induced a significant 28-62% increase in glucosinolate contents at elevated co(2). these inducible chemical responses ... | 2005 | 16010536 |
| molecular characterization of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide from the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) produced in the subesophageal ganglion stimulates pheromone production in the pheromone gland. a cdna isolated from female adult heads of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella (l.)) encodes 193 amino acids including pban, designated as plx-pban, and four other neuropeptides (nps): diapause hormone (dh) homologue, alpha-np, beta-np and gamma-np. all of the peptides are amidated in their c-termini and shared a conserved motif, fxpr(or k)l s ... | 2005 | 16005110 |
| broadening the insecticidal spectrum of lepidoptera-specific bacillus thuringiensis strains by chromosomal integration of cry3a. | a tnpi-tnpia-mediated and thermosensitive recombination system was developed to construct genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis strains encoding a crystal protein particularly active against coleopteran species. based on b. thuringiensis transposon tn4430, an integrative vector, pbmb-r14e, was constructed, by which the cry3a delta-endotoxin gene highly toxic to lepidoptera was delivered into a wildtype b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ybt1520. the cry3a gene was integrated into the ... | 2005 | 15984034 |
| baculoviral polyhedrin-bacillus thuringiensis toxin fusion protein: a protein-based bio-insecticide expressed in escherichia coli. | previously, we found that baculoviral polyhedrin (polh) used as a fusion partner for recombinant expression in escherichia coli showed almost the same characteristics (rapid solubilization under alkaline conditions and specific degradation by specific alkaline proteases in insect midgut) as the native baculoviral polh, and formed easily isolatable inclusion bodies. here, polh derived from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was fused with a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) t ... | 2005 | 15981278 |
| [cloning and superexpression of cry1ac gene from 20kb dna associated with bacillus thuringiensis cry1a crystal protein]. | the cryla crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis is associated with dna, but the role and sequences of these dna molecules are unknown. cryla bipyramidal crystals from b. thuringiensis strain 4.0718 was selectively dissolved and associated dna was extracted from protoxin. the dna was digested with nde i to obtain 3 to 5 kb fragments and then the fragments were subcloned into pmd18-t vector, screening of recombinants were done by pcr-rflp and sequencing. the orf of cry1ac gene was amplified ... | 2004 | 15973985 |
| laboratory studies of the effects of reduced prey choice caused by bt plants on a predatory insect. | crops transformed to express bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins can cause close to 100% mortality of certain target pest species. this study assessed the effect of target pest reduction on the predatory insect chrysoperla carnea (stephens) in the presence of alternative prey. numbers of lacewings recovered from bt oilseed rape (cultivar oscar, event o52) did not differ significantly from numbers of lacewings recovered from conventional oilseed rape in cage experiments with the target pest plutel ... | 2005 | 15960878 |
| identification of cry-type genes on 20-kb dna associated with cry1 crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | heterologous dna fragments (20-kb) associated with cry1 crystal proteins (protoxins) from a soil-isolated bacillus thuringiensis strain 4.0718 were isolated and analyzed. rflp patterns of the pcr products showed that the 20-kb dna fragments harbored cry1aa, cry1ac, cry2aa, and cry2ab genes. furthermore, a 4.2-kb dna fragment, which contained the promoter, the coding region, and the terminator of cry1ac gene, was cloned from the 20-kb dnas by pcr, and then the cry1ac gene was expressed in an acry ... | 2005 | 15942699 |
| concurrent use of transgenic plants expressing a single and two bacillus thuringiensis genes speeds insect adaptation to pyramided plants. | transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were grown on over 13 million ha in the united states and 22.4 million ha worldwide in 2004. preventing or slowing the evolution of resistance by insects ("resistance management") is critical for the sustainable use of bt crops. plants containing two dissimilar bt toxin genes in the same plant ("pyramided") have the potential to delay insect resistance. however, the advantage of pyramided bt plants ... | 2005 | 15939892 |
| novel genetic basis of field-evolved resistance to bt toxins in plutella xylostella. | insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used to control pest insects, but evolution of resistance threatens their continued efficacy. the most common type of bt resistance ('mode 1') is characterized by recessive inheritance, > 500-fold resistance to at least one cry1a toxin, negligible cross-resistance to cry1c, and reduced binding of bt toxins to midgut membrane target sites. mutations affecting a cry1a-binding midgut cadherin protein are linked to laboratory-selected m ... | 2005 | 15926902 |
| baculovirus-based expression of an insect viral protein in 12 different insect cell lines. | the ability of 12 unique lepidopteran insect cell lines from anticarsia gemmatalis, heliothis virescens, lymantria dispar (two lines), mamestra brassica, plutella xylostella, spodoptera frugiperda (two lines), and trichoplusia ni (three lines) to support production of a recombinant polydnavirus (pdv) protein (gipdv 1.1) expressed using the bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system was examined. polydnavirus gene gipdv 1.1 was cloned into the pfastbac baculovirus vector under the control of the po ... | 2005 | 15926859 |
| broomcorn millet grain cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus zoophthora radicans: sporulation capacity and infectivity to plutella xylostella. | the shelled grains of glutinous broomcorn millet, panicum miliaceum, were used as solid substrate to prepare granular cultures of zoophthora radicans, an entomophthoralean biocontrol agent against numerous insect pests. steamed millet grains were inoculated by mixing 15 g millet grains (d.w.) with mashed pieces of half a 60-mm-dish colony in 3 ml modified sabouraud dextrose broth and incubated at 15 degrees c and l:d 12:12 for up to 24 d. 20 grains were sampled at 3 d intervals from day six onwa ... | 2005 | 15912949 |
| variation in plant volatiles and attraction of the parasitoid diadegma semiclausum (hellén). | differences in allelochemistry of plants may influence their ability to attract parasitoids. we studied responses of diadegma semiclausum (hellén), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella l.), to inter- and intraspecific variation in odor blends of crucifers and a non-crucifer species. uninfested brussels sprout (brassica oleracea l. gemmifera), white mustard (sinapis alba l.), a feral brassica oleracea, and malting barley (hordeum vulgare l.) were compared for their attractivi ... | 2005 | 15898495 |
| hymenopteran parasitoids of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae) in northern thailand. | larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae), cause severe economic damage to cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata (brassicaceae) and related vegetables in thailand. overuse of broad-spectrum insecticides for diamondback moth control is a serious problem and has obscured the contributions of indigenous parasitoids. our objectives were to identify indigenous diamondback moth parasitoids in northern thailand and to assess their potential for natur ... | 2005 | 15889737 |
| new cell lines from ephestia kuehniella: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses. | new cell lines from embryos of ephestia kuehniella were recently developed. primary cultures were initiated in september 2002 from 2 to 4 day old eggs in either modified tc-100 or excell 400 medium. from these initial cultures, one, originally isolated in the ex-cell medium, produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of two cell strains, one that forms multicellular vesicles in suspension and one consisting of tightly attached epithelial-like ... | 2004 | 15861225 |
| bt transgenic crops do not have favorable effects on resistant insects. | sayyed et al. (ecology letters (2003) 6: 167-169) hypothesized that insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops could have nutritionally favorable effects that increase the fitness of resistant insects eating such crops. this idea was based on increased pupal weight of resistant larvae of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), fed leaf discs treated externally with a bt toxin. we summarize evidence from diamondback moth and other pests showing that the bt to ... | 2004 | 15861220 |
| inheritance of resistance and cross-resistance to deltamethrin in plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) from pakistan. | a field population of plutella xylostella (l) from pakistan was found to be highly resistant to deltamethrin (>500-fold) but had little or no resistance to spinosad, fipronil, indoxacarb, abamectin, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) var kurstaki, bt var aizawai or cry1ac when compared with a susceptible laboratory population, lab-uk. a sub-population was selected for six generations (laboratory g3-g8) with deltamethrin (delta-sel), while a second sub-population was left unselected (unsel). bioassays a ... | 2005 | 15712350 |
| conidia production by beauveria bassiana (for the biocontrol of a diamondback moth) during solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed bioreactor. | conidia of beauveria bassiana cs-1, which have the potential for the control of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella), were produced by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using a packed-bed bioreactor with rice straw and wheat bran. as the packing density and the bed height were increased, the production of conidia decreased. in a packed-bed bioreactor under no aeration and no addition of polypropylene (pp) foam (control), the total average of conidia was 4.9 x 10(8) g-1. the production of coni ... | 2005 | 15703878 |
| isolation, characterization and expression of a novel vegetative insecticidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | twenty-four serovars of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were screened by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of vegetative insecticidal protein gene (vip)-like sequences by using vip3aa1-specific primers. vip-like gene sequences were identified in eight serovars. these genes were cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the vip3aa14 gene from bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi showed considerable differences as compared to those of vips reported so far. the vip3aa14 gene f ... | 2005 | 15686851 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in a greenhouse-derived strain of cabbage looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a population of cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), collected from commercial greenhouses in the lower mainland of british columbia, canada, in 2001 showed a resistance level of 24-fold to dipel, a product of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subspecies kurstaki. this population was selected with cry1ac, the major bt cry toxin in dipel, to obtain a homogenous population resistant to cry1ac. the resulting strain of t. ni, named glen-cry1ac, was highly resistant to cry1ac with a resistance ratio o ... | 2004 | 15666767 |
| fipronil resistance in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae): inheritance and number of genes involved. | bioassays (at generation 1, g1) using fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb, and bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry1ca with a newly collected field population of plutella xylostella (l.) from farmers fields in the cameron highlands, malaysia, indicated a resistance ratio of approximately 400-, 1,170-, 330-, 2,840-, and 1,410-fold, respectively, compared with a laboratory-susceptible population of p. xylostella (roth). at g3, the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations, on ... | 2004 | 15666763 |
| experimental analysis of the influence of pest management practice on the efficacy of an endemic arthropod natural enemy complex of the diamondback moth. | maximizing the contribution of endemic natural enemies to integrated pest management (ipm), programs requires a detailed knowledge of their interactions with the target pest. this experimental field study evaluated the impact of the endemic natural enemy complex of plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) on pest populations in commercial cabbage crops in southeastern queensland, australia. management data were used to score pest management practices at experimental sites on indepen ... | 2004 | 15666732 |
| expression of a recombinant cry1ac crystal protein fused with a green fluorescent protein in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cry-b. | to investigate the co-expression and crystallization of a fusion gene between the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein and a foreign protein in b. thuringiensis, the expression of the cry1ac fused with green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes in a b. thuringiensis cry(-)b strain was examined. the cry1ac gene was cloned in the b. thuringiensis-e. coli shuttle vector, pht3101, under the control of the native cry1ac gene promoter, while the gfp gene was inserted into the xhoi site upstream of the pr ... | 2004 | 15650692 |
| impact of oilseed rape expressing the insecticidal serine protease inhibitor, mustard trypsin inhibitor-2 on the beneficial predator pterostichus madidus. | abstract insect-resistant transgenic plants have been suggested to have deleterious effects on beneficial predators feeding on crop pests, through transmission of the transgene product by the pest to the predator. to test this hypothesis, effects of oilseed rape expressing the serine protease inhibitor, mustard trypsin inhibitor -2 (mti-2), on the predatory ground beetle pterostichus madidus were investigated, using diamondback moth, plutella xylostella as the intermediary pest species. as expec ... | 2005 | 15643975 |
| transgenic bt-producing brassica napus: plutella xylostella selection pressure and fitness of weedy relatives. | release of transgenic insect-resistant crops creates the potential not only for the insect pest to evolve resistance but for the escape of transgenes that may confer novel or enhanced fitness-related traits through hybridization with their wild relatives. the differential response of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) populations in eastern and western canada to bt-producing (gt) brassica napus and the potential for enhanced fitness of gt b. napus and weedy gt brassica rapa x b. napus hybrid ... | 2003 | 15612282 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the p74 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus genome. | the genes located within the p74 gene region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing an 8.9 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global guanine-cytosine (gc) content of this region of the genome was 33.02%. this paper presents the orfs within the p74 gene region along with their transcriptional orientations. this region contains a total of 15 open reading frames (orfs). among those, 8 orfs were found to be homologues to the baculovir ... | 2004 | 15607029 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of a new cry 1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis wb9. | a new cry 1ab-type gene, cry 1ab17, was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis wb9 by pcr. nucleotide sequence indicated that the open reading frames (orfs) consists of 3471 bases and encodes a protein of 1156 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 130.5 kda and an pi value of 5.04. homology comparison revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cry1ab17 had 95.4% to 99.7% identity with those of the known cry1ab proteins. the cry1ab17 was one residue longer than the known cry1ab (except ... | 2004 | 15604796 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of field-evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the long-term usefulness of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins, either in sprays or in transgenic crops, may be compromised by the evolution of resistance in target insects. managing the evolution of resistance to b. thuringiensis toxins requires extensive knowledge about the mechanisms, genetics, and ecology of resistance genes. to date, laboratory-selected populations have provided information on the diverse genetics and mechanisms of resistance to b. thuringiensis, highly resistant field popul ... | 2004 | 15574894 |
| laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | the term 'dead-end trap cropping' has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. the potential of the wild crucifer barbarea vulgaris r. br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth plutella xylostella (l.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. when p. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of ... | 2004 | 15541190 |
| cloning of cyp9g2 from the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae). | cytochrome p450s constitute a superfamily of hemoproteins, important in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. the full-length cdna of a novel cytochrome p450, cyp9g2, was isolated from a cdna library. the cdna is 2143 bp in length and contains an open reading frame from 50 to 1615 bp, encoding a protein of 521 amino acid residues. the putative p450 protein contains a highly hydrophobic n terminus and a p450 protein signature motif, fg/s*g*r*c*g***a/g, known as the important liga ... | 2004 | 15497449 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | the genes that are located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing the 11 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global gc content that was calculated from the data obtained from this genomic region was 34.96%. the open-reading frames (orfs), located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region, are presented and compared to the equivalent orfs that are located at the same region in other gvs. this region is comp ... | 2004 | 15469697 |