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identification of chinese cabbage sentrin as a suppressor of bax-induced cell death in yeast.studies into the cell death program termed apoptosis have resulted in new information regarding how cells control and execute their own demise, including insights into the mechanism by which death-preventing factors can inhibit bax-induced caspase activation. we investigated high temperature stress-induced cell death in brassica rapa. using a yeast functional screening from a brassica rapa cdna library, the bh5-127 est clone encoding an apoptotic suppressor peptide was identified. however, a phy ...201222561852
bcnrt1, a plasma membrane-localized nitrate transporter from non-heading chinese cabbage.a nitrate transporter, bcnrt1, was isolated from non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) cultivar 'suzhouqing'. the full-length cdna was obtained using the rapid amplification of cdna ends technique and contains an open reading frame of 1,770 bp that predicts a protein of 589 acid residues that possesses 12 putative transmembrane domains. using the gus marker gene driven by the bcnrt1 promoter, we found bcnrt1 expression to be concentrated in primary and lateral r ...201222539185
production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment linked alkaline phosphatase fusion protein for detection of o,o-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides in a one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) linked alkaline phosphatase (ap) fusion protein for detection of o,o-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (o,o-diethyl ops) was produced and characterized. the scfv gene was prepared by cloning v(l) and v(h) genes from hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody with broad specificity for o,o-diethyl ops. the amplified v(l) and v(h) regions were assembled using a linker (gly(4)ser)(3) by means of splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction to obt ...201222533788
agricultural potential of anaerobically digested industrial orange waste with and without aerobic post-treatment.the potential of anaerobically digested orange waste with (aad) and without (ad) aerobic post-treatment for use in agriculture was evaluated through chemical analyses, short-term phytotoxicity and long-term plant assays. chemical analyses showed that ad contained ammonia and organic acids, and aerobic post-treatment did not significantly remove these phytotoxins. the n:p2o5:k2o ratio in ad was 1:0.26:0.96 and aerobic post-treatment did not change the composition in aad except for k2o (1:0.26:1.2 ...201222519091
immobilizer-assisted management of metal-contaminated agricultural soils for safer food production.production of food crops on metal contaminated agricultural soils is of concern because consumers are potentially exposed to hazardous metals via dietary intake of such crops or crop derived products. therefore, the current study was conducted to develop management protocols for crop cultivation to allow safer food production. metal uptake, as influenced by ph change-induced immobilizing agents (dolomite, steel slag, and agricultural lime) and sorption agents (zeolite and compost), was monitored ...201222446136
the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense responses of five vegetable crops to phenanthrene stress.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are global environmental problem. to better understand the growth and physiological responses to atmospheric pahs, we investigated biomass, photosynthetic machinery and antioxidant system in pakchoi, cucumber, flowering chinese cabbage, tomato and lettuce under various levels of phenanthrene (phe) stress. foliar exposure to phe for 14d resulted in a dose dependent decrease in growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents. with few exceptions, antioxidant ...201222401953
study of matrix-induced effects in multi-residue determination of pesticides by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.multi-residue determination of pesticides in a complex matrix by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gpc-gc/ms) is increasingly concerned for its high throughput, efficiency and accuracy. study of matrix-induced suppression or enhancement of the instrument signals is important for the application of this technique.201222396034
transcriptome analysis of rosette and folding leaves in chinese cabbage using high-throughput rna sequencing.in this study, we report the first use of rna-sequencing to gain insight into the wide range of transcriptional events that are associated with leafy head development in chinese cabbage. we generated 53.5 million sequence reads (90 bp in length) from the rosette and heading leaves. the sequence reads were aligned to the recently sequenced chiifu genome and were analyzed to measure the gene expression levels, to detect alternative splicing events and novel transcripts, to determine the expression ...201222387604
[correlation of bacterial diversity in rot chinese cabbage with the habitat].to investigate the diversity of bacteria in soft rot chinese cabbage and analyze their correlation with rhizosphere bacteria, we analyzed the bacterial population structures of soft rot chinese cabbage and the rhizosphere in different habitat.201122379805
cdna-aflp analysis on bolting or flowering of flowering chinese cabbage and molecular characteristics of brcudfr-like/brcuaxs gene.the molecular basis of flower bud differentiation in flowering chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis var. utilis tsen et lee) was studied in this work. samples were taken from two varieties, the early-blooming "youqin 49" and the late-blooming "youqingtiancaixin 80", at five different developmental stages and studied via cdna-aflp. nineteen expression sequence tags (ests) associated with bolting or flowering were isolated and cloned. blast results indicated that 15 ests were involved ...201222331487
a disposable organophosphorus pesticides enzyme biosensor based on magnetic composite nano-particles modified screen printed carbon electrode.a disposable organophosphorus pesticides (ops) enzyme biosensor based on magnetic composite nanoparticle-modified screen printed carbon electrodes (spce) has been developed. firstly, an acetylcholinesterase (ache)-coated fe(3)o(4)/au (gmp) magnetic nanoparticulate (gmp-ache) was synthesized. then, gmp-ache was absorbed on the surface of a spce modified by carbon nanotubes (cnts)/nano-zro(2)/prussian blue (pb)/nafion (nf) composite membrane by an external magnetic field. thus, the biosensor (spce ...201022315558
enhanced resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens by overexpression of a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hcap18/ll-37) in chinese cabbage.the human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein hcap18, which includes the c-terminal peptide ll-37, is a multifunctional protein. as a possible approach to enhancing the resistance to plant disease, a dna fragment coding for hcap18/ll-37 was fused at the c-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter region. the construct was then introduced into brassica rapa. ll-37 expression was confirmed in transg ...201122308171
[mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in vegetable system by treating soil with dicyandiamide, a nitrification inhibitor].undisturbed soil monolith lysimeter was used to investigate the effectiveness of dcd (dicyandiamide) in reducing n2o emissions in vegetable (chinese cabbage and pepper) field. results showed that dcd significantly reduced total n2o emission in vegetable field. total n2o emissions from the urea treatment without dcd reached 0.215 kg x hm(-2) for chinese cabbage, and it reduced to 0.109 kg x hm(-2), equivalent to a 49.3% reduction. the total n2o emissions for pepper were much higher compared with ...201122295611
identification and characterization of stress resistance related genes of brassica rapa.two biotic stress resistance related genes from the full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome were identified from est analysis and determined to be pathogenesis-related (pr) 12 brassica defensin-like family protein (brdlfp) and pr-10 brassica betv1 allergen family protein (brbetv1afp) after sequence analysis and homology study with other stress resistance related same family genes. in the expression analysis, both genes expressed in different organs and during all developmental growth ...201222286206
bacterial community analysis during fermentation of ten representative kinds of kimchi with barcoded pyrosequencing.kimchi, a food made of fermented vegetables, is densely populated by indigenous microorganisms that originate from the raw ingredients under normal conditions. most microbiological studies on kimchi have been on the most popular dish, baechu-kimchi (chinese cabbage kimchi). therefore, relatively little is known about the various other kinds of kimchi (depending on the region, season, main ingredient, starter culture inoculation and recipe). in this study, we collected 100 samples periodically du ...201222265301
molecular and functional properties of three different peroxiredoxin isotypes in chinese cabbage.peroxiredoxins (prxs), which are classified into three isotypes in plants, play important roles in protection systems as peroxidases or molecular chaperones. the three prx isotypes of chinese cabbage, namely c1c-prx, c2c-prx, and c-prxii, have recently been identified and characterized. the present study compares their molecular properties and biochemical functions to gain insights into their concerted roles in plants. the three prx isotype genes were differentially expressed in tissue- and deve ...201222228209
Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures on microbial communities and metabolites during kimchi fermentation.Kimchi fermentation usually relies upon the growth of naturally-occurring various heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This sometimes makes it difficult to produce kimchi with uniform quality. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a starter has been considered to produce commercial fermented kimchi with uniform and good quality in Korea. In this study, a combination of a barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and a (1)H NMR technique was used to investigate the effects of Leu. mesenteroide ...201122189023
isolation of fertility-related genes of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in brassica rapa ssp pekinensis by cdna-aflp.to better understand the molecular mechanisms of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp pekinensis), differentially expressed genes in fertile and sterile plants must be isolated. we used cdna-aflp analysis to isolate differentially expressed genes in fertile and sterile buds of the two-type line, ab01. sixteen high-quality sequences were generated, 11 of which were up-regulated in fertile buds, and five of which were up-regulated in sterile buds. based on ...201122180076
effects of phosphorus amendments and plant growth on the mobility of pb, cu, and zn in a multi-metal-contaminated soil.phosphorus amendments have been widely and successfully used in immobilization of one single metal (e.g., pb) in contaminated soils. however, application of p amendments in the immobilization of multiple metals and particularly investigations about the effects of planting on the stability of the initially p-induced immobilized metals in the contaminated soils are far limited.201222161145
Brief report: genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea.Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) has severely decreased the production and lowered quality of Chinese cabbage co-infected with Turnip mosaic virus (63.4%) in Korea. The complete genome sequence of RMV isolated from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was determined. The full genome consisted of 6,304 nucleotides and showed sequence identities of 91.5-94.2% with the corresponding genome of other RMV strains. Full-length cDNA of RMV-Br was amplified by RT-PCR with a 5'-end primer harboring a T7 promoter sequ ...201122143325
[development of molecular markers linked to the resistant qtl for downy mildew in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis].downy mildew, caused by the oomycete hyaloperonospora parasitica constant. (pers. ex fr.), is one of the most severe diseases in chinese cabbage, leading to reduction of yield and quality of the harvested products. therefore, identifying molecular markers linked to the major qtl for downy mildew resistance will be helpful in breeding resistant varieties of chinese cabbage. here, one highly susceptible line 91-112, one highly resistant line t12-19, and the derived dh population were employed to d ...201122120085
identification of conserved micrornas and their targets in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).the micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small nonprotein-coding rnas that have been identified to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mrnas for degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. until now, thousands of mirnas have been identified in many plants species. however, only 23 mirnas have been reported from the microrna database in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in china and east asia. ...201122111519
turnip yellow mosaic virus forms infectious particles without the native beta-annulus structure and flexible coat protein n-terminus.structural studies have implicated the tymv n-terminal amino acids of the coat protein (cp) in both static (virion stabilization) and dynamic (rna encapsidation and disencapsidation) roles. we have deleted residues 2-5, 2-10 and 2-26 from the n-terminus and expressed the mutant cps in e. coli to assess assembly in the absence of genomic rna and in plant infections to assess infectivity and virion properties. in e. coli, the deletion constructs formed virus-like particles, but in decreased yield. ...201222078163
Altered transfer of heavy metals from soil to Chinese cabbage with film mulching.The influence of film mulching on the migration of metals from soil to cabbage was investigated. Following a 50-day growth in field plots mulched or unmulched, root-zone soils and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) were sampled for metal analysis. Mulching slightly decreased the soil mobile (acid-extractable) Cd, but increased its transfer from root to the cabbage parts. As an essential element, Cu was readily transferred to the cabbage parts. While mulching decreased the soil mobile Zn, re ...201222036267
identification of conserved and novel micrornas that are responsive to heat stress in brassica rapa.the species brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. some micrornas (mirnas) in arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. however, it remains unknown whether or what mirnas play a role in heat resistance of b. rapa. to identify genomewide conserved and novel mirnas that are responsive to heat stress in b. rapa, we defined temperature thresholds of non-heading chine ...201222025521
[Silkworm excrement organic fertilizer: its nutrient properties and application effect].In this paper, silkworm excrement was harmless-treated via controlled fermentation to prepare silkworm excrement organic fertilizer (SEOF). The nutrient properties of the SEOF were determined, and a pot experiment was conducted to examine the application effect of the fertilizer. After fermentation, the total N, P, and K contents in the SEOF had a significant increase, being 58.0%, 84.4% , and 29.7% higher than those in the raw material, respectively. The addition of microbial inoculants shorten ...201122007458
permissible value for vanadium in allitic udic ferrisols based on physiological responses of green chinese cabbage and soil microbes.greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the permissible value of vanadium (v) based on the growth and physiological responses of green chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l.), and effects of v on microbial biomass carbon (mbc) and enzyme activities in allitic udic ferrisols were also studied. the results showed that biomass of cabbage grown on soil treated with 133 mg v kg(-1) significantly decreased by 25.1% compared with the control (p < 0.05). vanadium concentrations in leaves and root ...201221898106
antiviral activity of tenofovir against cauliflower mosaic virus and its metabolism in brassica pekinensis plants.the antiviral effect of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir (r)-pmpa on double-stranded dna cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) in brassica pekinensis plants grown in vitro on liquid medium was evaluated. double antibody sandwich elisa and pcr were used for relative quantification of viral protein and detecting nucleic acid in plants. (r)-pmpa at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l significantly reduced camv titers in plants within 6-9 weeks to levels detectable neither by elisa nor by pcr. vi ...201121889541
the integrated web service and genome database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information.the national agricultural biotechnology information center (nabic) constructed an agricultural biology-based infrastructure and developed a web based relational database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information. the nabic has concentrated on functional genomics of major agricultural plants, building an integrated biotechnology database for agro-biotech information that focuses on genomics of major agricultural resources. this genome database provides annotated genome information fr ...201121887015
the genome of the mesopolyploid crop species brassica rapa.we report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of brassica rapa accession chiifu-401-42, a chinese cabbage. we modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the b. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. we used arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. the extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistent ...201121873998
identification of the brrhp1 locus that confers resistance to downy mildew in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) and development of linked molecular markers.inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (hyaloperonospora parasitica) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) was studied using inbred parental lines rs1 and ss1 that display strong resistance and severe susceptibility, respectively. f(1), f(2), and bc(1)f(1) populations were evaluated for their responses to downy mildew infection. resistance to downy mildew was conditioned by a single dominant locus designated brrhp1. a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) marker linked to brrhp ...201121814857
effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculant and beet pulp addition on fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal digestion of vegetable residue silage.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of beet pulp (bp) and lactic acid bacteria (lab) on silage fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal dry matter (dm) digestion of vegetable residues, including white cabbage, chinese cabbage, red cabbage, and lettuce. silage was prepared using a small-scale fermentation system, and treatments were designed as control silage without additive or with bp (30% fresh matter basis), lab inoculant chikuso-1 (lactobacillus plantarum, 5mg/kg, fresh ...201121787927
development of full-length cdnas from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and identification of marker genes for defence response.arabidopsis belongs to the brassicaceae family and plays an important role as a model plant for which researchers have developed fine-tuned genome resources. genome sequencing projects have been initiated for other members of the brassicaceae family. among these projects, research on chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) started early because of strong interest in this species. here, we report the development of a library of chinese cabbage full-length cdna clones, the riken brc b. r ...201121745830
evaluation of cadmium phytoremediation potential in chinese cabbage cultivars.selecting a phytoextraction plant with moderate to high cd-accumulating ability and high biomass based on the plant's compatibility with mechanized cultivation techniques may yield more immediately practical results. in the present study, six chinese cabbage cultivars were grown in three soils, ranging from 0.15 to 2.25 mg cd kg(-1) soil, to examine uptake and translocation of cd in their tissues. the results indicated that the order of the shoot cd concentration values in the cultivars was as f ...201121739993
identification and expression analysis of chitinase genes related to biotic stress resistance in brassica.brassica is a very important vegetable group because of its contribution to human nutrition and consequent economic benefits. however, biotic stress is a major concern for these crops and molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient of approaches to address this concern. chitinase is an important biotic stress resistance-related gene. we identified three genes designated as brassica chitinase like protein (brclp1), brclp2 and brclp3 from a full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. o ...201121720758
the 1-cys peroxiredoxin, a regulator of seed dormancy, functions as a molecular chaperone under oxidative stress conditions.peroxiredoxins are antioxidative enzymes that catalyze the reduction of alkyl hydroperoxides to alcohols and hydrogen peroxide to water. 1-cys peroxiredoxins (1-cys prxs) perform important roles during late seed development in plants. to characterize their biochemical functions in plants, a 1cys-prx gene was cloned from a chinese cabbage cdna library and designated as "c1c-prx". glutamine synthetase (gs) protection and hydrogen peroxide reduction assays indicated that c1c-prx was functionally ac ...201121683876
a novel class of heat-responsive small rnas derived from the chloroplast genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa).non-coding small rnas play critical roles in various cellular processes in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms. their responses to abiotic stress have become a popular topic of economic and scientific importance in biological research. several studies in recent years have reported a small number of non-coding small rnas that map to chloroplast genomes. however, it remains uncertain whether small rnas are generated from chloroplast genome and how they respond to environmental stress, such as ...201121639890
probabilistic acute dietary exposure assessment of the chinese population to cypermethrin residues.a probabilistic estimation of dietary exposure to cypermethrin residues for the chinese population was performed. cypermethrin residue data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program for 2001-2006, encompassing 14,096 samples from 36 commodities with a detection rate of 10.4%. food consumption data were gathered from the national nutrition and health survey conducted in 2002, comprising 65,915 consumers aged 2-100 years and 3701 children of 2-6 years old. the whole cou ...201121598132
a sequence-based genetic linkage map as a reference for brassica rapa pseudochromosome assembly.brassica rapa is an economically important crop and a model plant for studies concerning polyploidization and the evolution of extreme morphology. the multinational b. rapa genome sequencing project (brgsp) was launched in 2003. in 2008, next generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the b. rapa genome. several maps concerning b. rapa pseudochromosome assembly have been published but their coverage of the genome is incomplete, anchoring approximately 73.6% of the scaffolds on to chro ...201121569561
environmental impact and site-specific human health risks of chromium in the vicinity of a ferro-alloy manufactory, china.previous studies often neglected the direct exposure to soil heavy metals in human health risk assessment. the purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impact and site-specific health risks of chromium (cr) by both direct and indirect exposure assessment method. results suggested that total cr was shown a substantial buildup with a significant increase in the industrial and cultivated soils (averaged 1910 and 986mgkg(-1), respectively). the cr contents of vegetables exceeded the max ...201121549505
identification of expressed genes during infection of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) by plasmodiophora brassicae.abstract. plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate, biotrophic pathogen causing the club-root disease of crucifers. despite its importance as a plant pathogen, little is known about p. brassicae at the molecular level as most of its life cycle takes place inside the plant host, and axenic culturing is impossible. discovery of genes expressed during infection and gene organization are the first steps toward a better understanding of the pathogen-host interaction. here, suppression subtractive hybr ...201121518080
isolation and characterization of a heme oxygenase-1 gene from chinese cabbage.heme oxygenase-1 (ho1) is a heme-catabolizing enzyme induced by a variety of stress conditions. this article described the cloning and characterization of brho1 gene which codes for a putative ho1 from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). brho1 consists of three exons and encodes a protein precursor of 32.3 kd with a putative n-terminal plastid transit peptide. the amino acid sequence of brho1 was 84% similar to arabidopsis counterpart hy1. the three-dimensional structure of brho1 ...201121505948
genetic architecture of the circadian clock and flowering time in brassica rapa.the circadian clock serves to coordinate physiology and behavior with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. in plants, circadian rhythms contribute to growth and yield and, hence, to both agricultural productivity and evolutionary fitness. arabidopsis thaliana has served as a tractable model species in which to dissect clock mechanism and function, but it now becomes important to define the extent to which the arabidopsis model can be extrapolated to other species, inc ...201121505830
[effects of applying controlled-release fertilizer blended with conventional nitrogen fertilizer on chinese cabbage yield and quality as well as nitrogen losses].an open field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying controlled-release fertilizer blended with rapidly available chemical n fertilizer on chinese cabbage yield and quality as well as nitrogen losses, including ammonia volatilization and no3- -n accumulation and leaching in beijing suburb. the results showed that a combined application of 2:1 controlled-release fertilizer and urea fertilizer (total n rate 150 kg x hm(-2)) did not induce the reduction of chinese cabbage yield, ...201021443002
[different sensitivity of 23 common crop species to cadmium toxicity].cadmium toxicity to 23 kinds of commonly cultivated crops of 9 families was studied by solution culture with different cadmium concentrations. most of the studied crop seedlings showed cadmium toxicity symptoms with 0.1-0.25 mg x l(-1). the toxic effects of cadmium on the crops were quite different. the effect of cd on shoot biomass was more obvious and stable than the other parameters at low cd concentrations (0.1-0.5 mg x l(-1)), therefore, shoot fresh weight was selected to be the indicator o ...201121404699
induction of glandular stomach cancers in helicobacter pylori-infected mongolian gerbils by 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile.helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection and high intake of various traditional salt-preserved foods are regarded as risk factors for human gastric cancer. we previously reported that chinese cabbage contains indole compounds, such as indole-3-acetonitrile, a mutagen precursor. 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile (nian), formed by the treatment of indole-3-acetonitrile with nitrite under acidic conditions, shows direct-acting mutagenicity. in the present study, nian administration by gavage to mongo ...201121387296
growth promotion of chinese cabbage and arabidopsis by piriformospora indica is not stimulated by mycelium-synthesized auxin.piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of the order sebacinales, interacts with the roots of a large variety of plant species. we compared the interaction of this fungus with chinese cabbage (brassica campestris subsp. chinensis) and arabidopsis seedlings. the development of shoots and roots of chinese cabbage seedlings was strongly promoted by p. indica and the fresh weight of the seedlings increased approximately twofold. the strong stimulation of root hair development resulted in a bushy ...201121375386
computational identification of genetic markers for selecting genes in rice and chinese cabbage.the national academy of agricultural science (naas) has developed a web-based database system (http:/ /nabic.naas.go.kr) to provide information about genetic markers in rice. a subscriber is assisted in tracing any new structures of the chromosome and gene positional functions through comparisons by using specific qtl markers. a genetic linkage map database system was constructed by using 1054 markers (112 qtl markers included) in each of 12 chromosomes in rice.201021354967
construction of random sheared fosmid library from chinese cabbage and its use for brassica rapa genome sequencing project.as a part of the multinational genome sequencing project of brassica rapa, linkage group r9 and r3 were sequenced using a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by bac strategy. the current physical contigs are expected to cover approximately 90% euchromatins of both chromosomes. as the project progresses, bac selection for sequence extension becomes more limited because bac libraries are restriction enzyme-specific. to support the project, a random sheared fosmid library was constructed. the lib ...201121338952
bcmf20, a putative pollen-specific transcription factor from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.the arabidopsis transcription factor (at1g26610) was shown to be down-regulated in male sterile lines compared to their maintainer line in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) in our previous study. the bcmf20 gene, homologue of the at1g26610 gene was isolated from chinese cabbage. it encodes a putative c2h2 zinc finger protein. the spatial and temporal expression patterns examined by qrt-pcr and in situ hybridization, indicated bcmf20 is specifically expressed in the developing ...201121327825
pedobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. and pedobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris).two bacterial strains 01-96(t) and 15-51(t) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), were characterized using a polyphasic approach. the 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that strain 01-96(t) was phylogenetically related to pedobacter suwonensis 15-52(t) and pedobacter roseus 25b(t) (96.7 % and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively), and strain 15-51(t) was closely related to pedobacter borealis tfb(t) and pedobacter suwonensis 15-52(t) (97.2 % and 97. ...201121257686
multi-residue analysis of pesticides in tea by online sec-gc/ms.a multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides in tea was developed by online size exclusion chromatography (sec)-gc/ms with full scan mode. the sample was fortified with chlorpyrifos-d(10) isotope internal standard and extracted by acetonitrile. after purification by primary secondary amine sorbent and solvent exchange by sec mobile phase, the sample was detected by online sec-gc/ms. the purification result of the online system was evaluated by comparing the correlation between chinese c ...201121246727
chemoselective modification of turnip yellow mosaic virus by cu(i) catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and its application in cell binding.turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) is an icosahedral plant virus with a diameter of 28-30 nm that can be isolated in gram quantities from turnip or chinese cabbage inexpensively. in this study, tymv combined with spatially addressable surface chemistries was selected as a prototype bionanoparticle for modulating patterns of cell adhesion, morphology, and proliferation. we exploited the chemical reactivity of tymv using the mild conditions of cu(i) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (cuaac) reac ...201021166476
comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake pathways and risk assessment of vegetables from waste-water irrigated areas in northern china.atmospheric deposition is the dominant pathway for pah uptake by vegetables grown in peri-urban areas. different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) uptake pathways and the associated health risk were investigated in vegetable samples collected from the beijing-tianjin city cluster, china, where irrigation with waste or reclaimed water has been practised for many decades. sampling comprised 23 diverse sites and the roots and shoots of six types of vegetables. among the different edible vegetab ...201121161083
vegetable and fruit intake and its relevance with serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline in korean adults.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily vegetable and fruit intake status of korean adults and to examine the relationship of vegetable and fruit intake with bone metabolism. the vegetable and fruit intake of 542 healthy male and female adults was analyzed. then, by selecting 51 targets from the subjects, the relation of vegetable and fruit intake with serum calcium, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline (dpd) excretion in urine was examined. the total vegetable intake per day was 397.7 ...201021103089
the phosphorylation of lipid transfer protein cambp10.calmodulin-binding protein-10 (cambp10) was isolated previously from chinese cabbage and identified as a member of the lipid transfer protein family. in this study, we found that cambp10 was phosphorylated in a calcium(ca(2+))-dependent manner, and the phosphorylation was inhibited by calmodulin (cam) antagonists. in-gel kinase assay revealed that the phosphorylation of cambp10 was catalyzed by a 45 kda protein kinase, which underwent autophosphorylation in the presence of ca(2+). immunoblotting ...201120858199
isolation and characterization of a novel bcmf14 gene from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.a putative ralf (rapid alkalinization factor)-like gene (genbank accession number ef523517), named bcmf14, was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) based on a cdna-aflp differential fragment exclusively expressed in fertile line. semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) discovered that bcmf14 was prominently expressed in stage four and five flower buds ...201120857218
simultaneous determination of three acidic herbicide residues in food crops using hplc and confirmation via lc-ms/ms.2,4-d, dicamba and 4-cpa with auxin-like activity have been intensively used in agriculture, for the control of unwanted broadleaf weeds. an analytical method involving hplc coupled with uvd was developed for the simultaneous analysis of these three analytes in chinese cabbage, apple and pepper fruits (representative non-fatty samples) and brown rice and soybean (representative fatty samples) using liquid-liquid partitioning and column cleanup procedures. the residues were confirmed via tandem m ...201120842699
[effect of plant-associated methanolic bacteria on methane and methanol concentration dynamics in atmosphere of pressurized chamber].stability of chinese cabbage crop colonization by methanolic bacteria methylovorus mays, methylomonas methanica and methylosinus trichosporium inoculated using a space-applicable method was evaluated. besides, trends of methane and methanol concentrations in the pressurized chamber with inoculated and uninoculated crops were calculated. methylovorus mays and methylosinus trichosporium were shown to establish more stable colonization as compared to methylomonas methanica. also, stable association ...201020804000
overexpression of the ethylene-responsive factor gene brerf4 from brassica rapa increases tolerance to salt and drought in arabidopsis plants.ethylene-responsive factors (erfs), within a subgroup of the ap2/erf transcription factor family, are involved in diverse plant reactions to biotic or abiotic stresses. here, we report that overexpression of an erf gene from brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (brerf4) led to improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses in arabidopsis. it also significantly affected the growth and development of transgenic plants. we detected that salt-induced expressions of a transcriptional repressor gene, aterf4 ...201020803085
evaluation of insecticidal activity of a bacterial strain, serratia sp. eml-se1 against diamondback moth.to identify novel bioinsecticidal agents, a bacterial strain, serratia sp. eml-se1, was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) collected from a cabbage field in korea. in this study, the insecticidal activity of liquid cultures in luria-bertani broth (lbb) and nutrient broth (nb) of a bacterial strain, serratia sp. eml-se1 against thirty 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the diamondback moth was investigated on a chinese cabbage leaf housed in a round pl ...201020799099
lactococcus fujiensis sp nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from vegetable.three strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetable of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. var. glabra regel) were characterized taxonomically. they were gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci that did not produce gas from glucose and formed l-lactic acid. their major fatty acids were c18:1omega9cis, c16:0, c14:0 and summed feature 10. morphological, physiological and phylogenetic data indicated that the strains belong to the genus lactococcus. these strains shar ...201020675438
effects of four host plants on susceptibility of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae to five insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases.the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura (f.), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests worldwide. the susceptibility of s. litura larvae reared on tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato to phoxim, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, fenvalerate and emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions was determined.201020672333
high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts in sour chinese cabbage.this study investigated the inactivation of total aerobic bacteria (tab), lactic acid bacteria (lab), yeasts in sour chinese cabbage (scc) treated by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp). the pressure level ranged from 200 to 600 mpa and the treatment time were 10-30 min. all samples were stored at 4, 27 and 37 degrees c for 90 days. the pressure level of 200 mpa had no significant impact on these microorganisms. the counts of tab were significantly reduced by 2.7-4.0 log(10)cfu/g at 400 mpa and 4.2- ...201020650536
natural populations of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetable residues and silage fermentation.natural populations of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and silage fermentation of vegetable residues were studied. fifty-two strains of lab isolated from cabbage, chinese cabbage, and lettuce residues were identified and characterized. the lab strains were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria, which were divided into 6 groups (a to f) according to morphological and biochemical characteristics. the strains in group a were rods that did not produce gas from glucose and formed the d and l isomer ...201020630231
mapping of quantitative trait loci for high level of self-incompatibility in brassica rapa l.the level of self-incompatibility (si) is important to the purity of f1 seeds produced using the si system of brassica vegetables. to analyze the genetic basis of the level of si, we generated an f2 population derived from a cross between a turnip inbred line showing a high level of si and a chinese cabbage inbred line showing a low level, and evaluated the level of si under insect pollination in two years. we constructed a detailed linkage map of brassica rapa from the f2 progeny, consisting of ...201020616857
monoclonal antibody produced by heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application for parathion residue determination in agricultural and environmental samples.a heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed, which was based on monoclonal antibody (mab) to determine parathion residue in agricultural and environmental samples. eight mabs were produced by introducing the heterologous indirect elisa into the screening procedure. it was shown that these mabs had more broad-reactivity with twenty competitors than that of 5h7 (mab produced by homologous screening). so it became much easier using these new mabs to develop heter ...201020603747
elucidating the process of co-composting of biosolids and spent activated clay.this study elucidates the co-composting of biosolids and spent activated clay (sac) using physio-chemical, bioassay, and spectroscopic methods. a pilot-scale pile of blended limed biosolids, sac, and rice husk was composted for 15weeks. the changes in temperature, ph, fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir) spectra, c/n, and germination index (gi) of chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis) seeds with time support the goal of producing a mature compost with a decline in the sac acidity of associated with ...201020594829
an analytical method for prohexadione in chinese cabbage and apple.a residual determination method as a regulatory residue method was developed using hplc-uvd for prohexadione residues in chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) and apple (malus domestica). the developed method consisted of solid-liquid extraction with acidic acetonitrile and ion-suppression liquid-liquid partitioning, followed by anion exchange cartridge cleanup. the limits of detection and quantitation for the method were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. the method gave good linearity in the ...201120586105
effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization of the cutworm, spodoptera litura.effects of four host plants, tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato, on larval and pupal development and survival, and longevity and fecundity of adults of spodoptera litura (f) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were studied under laboratory conditions (26 degrees c, 60-80% rh), as was the utilization of the four host plants and adaptation on tobacco. all of the biological parameters included in the study were affected by the host plants. in a choice test, s. litura females oviposited most on ...201020578886
turnip yellow mosaic virus: transfer rna mimicry, chloroplasts and a c-rich genome.summary taxonomy: turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) is the type species of the genus tymovirus, family tymoviridae. tymv is a positive strand rna virus of the alphavirus-like supergroup. physical properties: virions are non-enveloped 28-nm t = 3 icosahedrons composed of a single 20-kda coat protein that is clustered in 20 hexameric and 12 pentameric subunits. infectious particles and empty capsids coexist in infected tissue. the genomic rna is 6.3 kb long, with a 5'(m7)gpppg cap and a 3' untrans ...200420565613
cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts on salad products irrigated with contaminated water.a field study in valencia, spain, was done to determine the occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium on salad products that are frequently eaten raw, such as lettuces and chinese cabbage, and in irrigation waters. four water samples were taken weekly 1 month before harvesting the vegetables. all water samples were analyzed using techniques included in the u.s. environmental protection agency method 1623. standard methods for detecting protozoan parasites on salad vegetables are not available. p ...201020537274
effects of host plant and genetic background on the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis.novel resistance to pathogens and pesticides is commonly associated with a fitness cost. however, measurements of the fitness costs of insecticide resistance have used diverse methods to control for genetic background and rarely assess the effects of environmental variation. here, we explored how genetic background interacts with resource quality to affect the expression of the fitness costs associated with resistance. we used a serially backcrossed line of the diamondback moth, plutella xyloste ...201120517345
increase in brao1 gene expression and aldehyde oxidase activity during clubroot development in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).summary in clubroot disease, gall formation is induced by infection with the obligate biotroph plasmodiophora brassicae due to increased levels of auxins and cytokinins. because aldehyde oxidase (ao) may be involved in auxin biosynthesis in plants, we isolated two ao genes (brao1 and brao2) from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis cv. muso), which are the most similar to aao1 among arabidopsis ao genes, and examined their expressions during clubroot development. the expression of brao ...200620507442
piriformospora indica confers drought tolerance in chinese cabbage leaves by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, the expression of drought-related genes and the plastid-localized cas protein.piriformospora indica, a root-colonizing endophytic fungus of sebacinales, promotes plant growth and confers resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. the fungus strongly colonizes the roots of chinese cabbage, promotes root and shoot growth, and promotes lateral root formation. when colonized plants were exposed to polyethylene glycol to mimic drought stress, the activities of peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases in the leaves were upregulated within 24h. the fungus retarded the ...201020471134
root growth and nitrate-nitrogen leaching of catch crops following spring wheat.growing nitrogen (n) catch crops can reduce no(3)-n leaching after cultivating cereals. the objective of this study was to relate no(3)-n leaching to variation in the uptake of n and the size and distribution of the root systems of different catch crops species. in a 3-yr lysimeter experiment, phacelia (phacelia tanacetifolia benth.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), and a brassica species (yellow mustard [brassica alba l.] or a hybrid of turnip rape [b. rapa l. spp. oleifera (dc.) metzg.] and ...020400580
a polygalacturonase inhibitory protein gene (bcmf19) expressed during pollen development in chinese cabbage-pak-choi.the level of polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (pgip) genes involved in pollen development remains unclear. characterization of the different pgip genes that are expressed in pollen is necessary in understanding the similarities and differences of functions between the members of this gene family, as well as the underlying mechanism of pollen development. a gene-encoding putative pgip, bcmf19 was successfully cloned on a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism fragment after it was found ...201120373034
[effect of the melamine residue in soil on growth of chinese cabbage].soil and foliar application of melamine (me) treatments to 'zaoshu 5' chinese cabbage were investigated. the me was degraded very slowly in soil treated with different dosages (40,160 and 800 mg x kg(-1)), and 90 days later the residuals of me were 21.1%, 15.8% and 43.6% respectively. the chinese cabbage could take in exogenously applied me through its root and stem leaf and accumulate it to considerable levels with the increasing applied density. in soil application test, the maximum and minimu ...201020358844
molecular cloning and characterisation of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase gene bcgs1 from non-heading chinese cabbage.glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme of nitrogen (n) assimilation, catalysing the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate. plants have two types of gs isoenzyme that are localised in different compartments: one in the cytosol (gs1) and the other in the chloroplast (gs2). gs1 is the major form of gs in plant roots and directly converts ammonium taken up by plant roots to glutamine.201020355127
cloning, expression and physiological analysis of broccoli catalase gene and chinese cabbage ascorbate peroxidase gene under heat stress.the objectives of this work were to clone the catalase (cat) gene from broccoli (brassica oleracea) and the ascorbate peroxidase (apx) gene from chinese cabbage and measure the regulation of cat and apx gene expressions under heat-stress conditions. different genotypes responded differently to heat stress according to their various antioxidant enzymes and physiological parameters. cat and apx gene expression profiles were well matched with the data for cat and apx enzyme activities in the brocco ...201020352229
dissipation and evaluation of hexaflumuron residues in chinese cabbage grown in open fields.the dissipation and residue behavior of hexaflumuron in chinese cabbage ( brassica pekinensis ) under different treatments were investigated at two main cabbage-growing areas in china. the dissipation rates of hexaflumuron in cabbages and soils fit a first-order decay process very well. the dissipation times for 50% of the hexaflumuron in cabbage and soil were 3.37 and 3.01 days from hunan province and 5.58 and 3.68 days in tianjin, respectively, when chinese cabbage was treated with 180 g of ac ...201020345168
an insertional mutagenesis system for analyzing the chinese cabbage genome using agrobacterium t-dna.in this study, we applied insertional mutagenesis using agrobacterium transfer dna to functionally characterize the gene of brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. the specific objectives were to: (i) develop and apply a gene tagging system using plasmid rescue and inverse pcr, (ii) select and analyze mutant lines, and (iii) analyze the phenotypic characteristics of mutants. a total of 3,400 insertional mutant lines were obtained from the chinese cabbage cultivar, 'seoul', using optimized condition. p ...201020195907
joint effects of cadmium and lead on seedlings of four chinese cabbage cultivars in northeastern china.in northeastern china, large area of vegetable land has been simultaneously polluted by cadmium (cd) and lead (pb). joint effects of cd and pb on chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis l.) were investigated using the seed germination and sand culture method. four chinese cabbage cultivars including kangbingjinchun (kb), dongyangchunxia (dy), qinglvwang (ql) and qiangshi (qs) from shenyang in northeastern china were adopted in this study. the results showed that there were positive linear relations ...200920108696
retracted: long-term copper toxicity in apple trees (malus pumila mill) and bioaccumulation in fruits.the following article from environmental toxicology, 'long-term copper toxicity in apple trees (malus pumila mill) and bioaccumulation in fruits' by bai-ye sun, shi- hong kan, yan-zong zhang, jun wu, shi-huai deng, chun-sheng liu and gang yang, published online on january 15, 2010 in wiley interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com; doi: 10.1002/tox.20565), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal editor in chief, dr. paul tchounwou, and wiley periodicals, inc. the retracti ...201020082444
copper exposure interferes with the regulation of the uptake, distribution and metabolism of sulfate in chinese cabbage.exposure of chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) to enhanced cu(2+) concentrations (1-10 microm) resulted in leaf chlorosis, a loss of photosynthetic capacity and lower biomass production at > or = 5 microm. the decrease in pigment content was likely not the consequence of degradation, but due to hindered chloroplast development upon cu exposure. the cu content of the root increased with the cu(2+) concentration (up to 40-fold), though only a minor proportion (4%) was transferred to the shoot. ...201020022138
overexpression of brmorn, a novel 'membrane occupation and recognition nexus' motif protein gene from chinese cabbage, promotes vegetative growth and seed production in arabidopsis.proteins that contain membrane occupation and recognition nexus (morn) motifs regulate various aspects of cellular metabolism by localizing proteins in different cellular organelles. the full-length brassica rapa morn motif protein (brmorn) cdna consists of 1,510 bp encoding 502 deduced amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 55.8 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.72. brmorn is a novel protein composed of two n-terminal transmembrane helices and seven c-terminal morn motifs and it appears ...201020016940
lead accumulation in different chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars.recently, the concept of pollution-safe cultivars (pscs) was proposed to minimize the influx of pollutants to the human food chain. variations in lead (pb) uptake and translocation among chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis l.) cultivars were investigated in a pot-culture experiment and a field-culture experiment to screen out pb-pscs for food safety. the results of the pot-culture experiment showed that shoot pb concentrations under two pb treatments (500 and 1500mgkg(-1)) varied significantly ...201019942339
expression of a glutathione reductase from brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis enhanced cellular redox homeostasis by modulating antioxidant proteins in escherichia coli.glutathione reductase (gr) is an enzyme that recycles a key cellular antioxidant molecule glutathione (gsh) from its oxidized form (gssg) thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. a recombinant plasmid to overexpress a gr of brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (brgr) in e. coli bl21 (de3) was constructed using an expression vector pkm260. expression of the introduced gene was confirmed by semiquantitative rt-pcr, immunoblotting and enzyme assays. purification of the brgr protein was performed by ...200919936628
direct determination of atrazine residue on chinese cabbage leaf using desorption electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and its application for diagnosing atrazine drift phytotoxicity.a method was developed for the determination of atrazine residue and phytotoxicity on a nontargeted plant, the chinese cabbage. the analysis was done by desorption electrospray ionization combined with ion trap ms/ms. within the range of 63.13 to 2525 pg/mm2 of atrazine on the specimen, the linear relationship of the average peak area of extracted product ion m/z 174 (y) versus the surface concentration of atrazine (x) was estimated as y = 5066.5x - 85779; r was 0.9994, with rsd between 3.37 and ...201319916397
bcmf9, a novel polygalacturonase gene, is required for both brassica campestris intine and exine formation.the polygalacturonase (pg) gene family has been found to be enriched in pollen of several species; however, little is currently known about the function of the pg gene in pollen development. to investigate the exact role that the pg gene has played in pollen development and about this family in general, one putative pg gene, brassica campestris male fertility 9 (bcmf9), was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis) and characterized.200919815569
ectopic expression of a chinese cabbage brargos gene in arabidopsis increases organ size.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is a common and economically important crop in asia. specific targets of plant breeding programs for cabbage have been improvement in yield, resistance to environment stresses, and nutrition quality by means of genetic manipulation. to obtain information on yield improvement applicable for the genetic engineering approach, we have attempted to dissect the molecular pathways that regulate organ size. we first isolated a putative homolog of argos ...201019789991
variations in cadmium accumulation among chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for cd-safe cultivars.variations in cadmium accumulation and translocation among 40 chinese cabbage cultivars were studied to identify and screen out cd-safe cultivars (cscs), i.e. cultivars with low enough accumulation of cd in their edible parts even when grown in contaminated soils. it was observed in the pot-culture experiment that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in shoot cd concentrations under three cd treatments (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg), with corresponding average values 0.88, 4.45 and 7.76 mg/kg, r ...201019775811
analysis of brassica rapa ests: gene discovery and expression patterns of ap2/erf family genes.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) is among the most important vegetables and is widely cultivated in world. genes in the ap2/erf family encode transcriptional regulators that serve a variety of functions in the plants. expressed sequence tags (ests) are created by partially sequencing randomly isolated gene transcripts and have proved valuable in molecular biology. starting from the database with 142 947 ests of b. rapa, 62 putative ap2/erf family genes were identified by in sili ...201019701799
the construction of a genetic linkage map of non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino).non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) is one of the most important vegetables in eastern china. a genetic linkage map was constructed using 127 doubled haploid (dh) lines, and the dh population was derived from a commercial hybrid "hanxiao" (lines sw-13 x l-118). out of the 614 polymorphic markers, 43.49% were not assigned to any of the linkage groups(lgs). chi-square tests showed that 42.67% markers were distorted from expected mendelian segregation ratios, and ...200919683673
enhancement of tolerance to soft rot disease in the transgenic chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) inbred line, kenshin.we developed a transgenic chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) inbred line, kenshin, with high tolerance to soft rot disease. tolerance was conferred by expression of n-acyl-homoserine lactonase (ahl-lactonase) in chinese cabbage through an efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. to synthesize and express the ahl-lactonase in chinese cabbage, the plant was transformed with the aii gene (ahl-lactonase gene from bacillus sp. gh02) fused to the pinii signal peptide (pr ...200919680657
[effects of different fertilization modes on vegetable growth, fertilizer nitrogen utilization, and nitrogen loss from vegetable field].a field experiment with chinese cabbage, water spinach, and three-colored amaranth cropped three times in one year was conducted to study the effects of seven fertilization modes, i.e., none fertilization, basal application of chemical fertilizers, 1/2 basal application and 1/2 top-dressing of chemical fertilizers, basal application of chemical fertilizers and dicyandiamide, 1/2 basal application and 1/2 top-dressing of chemical fertilizers and dicyandiamide, 1/2 basal application and 1/2 top-dr ...200919637603
paracin 1.7, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus paracasei hd1.7 isolated from chinese cabbage sauerkraut, a traditional chinese fermented vegetable food.to purify and characterize bacteriocin produced by l. paracasei hd1.7.200919637568
jasmonate-dependent plant defense restricts thrips performance and preference.the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis [pergande]) is one of the most important insect herbivores of cultivated plants. however, no pesticide provides complete control of this species, and insecticide resistance has emerged around the world. we previously reported the important role of jasmonate (ja) in the plant's immediate response to thrips feeding by using an arabidopsis leaf disc system. in this study, as the first step toward practical use of ja in thrips control, we analyze ...200919635132
auxin amidohydrolases from brassica rapa cleave the alanine conjugate of indolepropionic acid as a preferable substrate: a biochemical and modeling approach.two auxin amidohydrolases, briar3 and brill2, from chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt] were produced by heterologous expression in escherichia coli, purified, and screened for activity towards n-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-l-alanine (iaa-ala) and the long-chain auxin-amino acid conjugates, n-[3-(indol-3-yl)propionyl]-l-alanine (ipa-ala) and n-[4-(indol-3-yl)butyryl]-l-alanine (iba-ala). ipa-ala was shown to be the favored substrate of both enzymes, but brill2 was approximate ...200919602499
[cdna-aflp analysis on transcripts associated with bolting in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis].premature bolting, caused by low temperature in spring and summer cultivation in low land and high land respectively, leads to reduction of the yield and quality of the harvested products in chinese cabbage. therefore, exploring genes involved in vernalization response is important to the improvement of chinese cabbage varieties. here, one extremely early bolting line (dh-54) and one extremely late bolting line (dh-43) were employed, and the cdna-aflp approach was used to identify key components ...200919586882
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