Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the effect of microaerosolized hydrogen peroxide on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens. | the effect of microaerosolized h2o2 on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens was investigated. bacterial cultures and viruses were dried on sterile glass petri dishes and subjected to direct and indirect 5% (h2o2) microaerosol mist. in the trials using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, there was complete inactivation following exposure to h2o2. using salmonella typhimurium, indirect exposure resulted in only partial inactivation whereas direct exposure to h2o2 gave complete inactivatio ... | 1994 | 7816725 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the s1 gene of avian reovirus. | the s1 genome segment of avian reovirus strain s1133 was cloned and completely sequenced. the sequence comprised 1636 bp with three distinct open reading frames (orfs), suggesting the gene was polycistronic in nature. the three orfs from 5' to 3' were predicted to encode polypeptides of 9.8, 3.8 and 34.9 kda, respectively. of the three orfs, only the third possessed the aug initiation codon in an optimum context for translation. the third orf-encoded protein, 326 amino acids in length, was expre ... | 1995 | 7782781 |
| avian reovirus sigma c protein contains a putative fusion sequence and induces fusion when expressed in mammalian cells. | the biological functions of the structural protein sigma c, from avian reovirus strain ram-1, were investigated in this study. a putative fusion peptide in sigma c was recognized in the deduced amino acid sequence by homology with pneumovirus fusion sequences, and it was thus postulated that this protein may be involved in the formation of syncytia in cells infected with ram-1. the sigma c gene was cloned and expressed in mammalian (cos7) cells and the sigma c protein was found to induce syncyti ... | 1995 | 7747439 |
| preliminary studies of primary ostrich fibroblasts for the isolation of ratite viruses. | an ostrich egg at 21 days of development was used to propagate primary embryo cell cultures. primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells (for fibroblasts) were prepared by routine typsinization techniques. the ostrich embryo fibroblasts were tested for their ability to propagate stock avian viruses of infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxiovirus-1 (pmv-1), pmv-2, pmv-3, infectious bursal disease virus, quail bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, turkey coronavirus, and two ostrich-originating specimens ... | 1994 | 7702522 |
| reovirus infection in chickens primes splenic adherent macrophages to produce nitric oxide in response to t cell-produced factors. | in this study, we examined the mechanisms by which avian reovirus infection of chickens depresses in vitro proliferative responses of spleen cells to t cell mitogens. we showed an enhanced production of nitric oxide (no) by phytohemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated spleen cells from reovirus-infected birds but not from virus-free birds. since macrophages are a primary source of no, we compared splenic adherent macrophages from virus-free and virus-exposed chickens. there was a fourfold increase in the ... | 1995 | 7656329 |
| characterization of a novel syncytium-inducing baboon reovirus. | a syncytium-inducing reovirus was recently isolated from brain homogenates of a baboon suffering from acute, progressive meningoencephalo myelitis. this baboon reovirus (brv) was classified as a member of the genus orthoreovirus, family reoviridae, on the basis of the characteristic capsid morphology and genome and protein profiles. we have assessed the relationship between brv and the other syncytium-inducing reoviruses in order to determine whether the emergence of this virus represents a host ... | 1995 | 7571448 |
| avian reovirus polypeptides: analysis of intracellular virus-specified products, virions, top component, and cores. | avian reovirus-specified polypeptides can be separated into three size classes: large (lambda), medium (mu), and small (sigma), similar to those of the mammalian reoviruses. a nomenclature has been proposed to indicate the individual polypeptides within each size class by progressive alphabetical subscripts. three lambda polypeptides (lambda(a), lambda(b), and lambda(c)) are found in infectious viral particles and have molecular weights of 145,000, 130,000, and 115,000, respectively. all are pre ... | 1982 | 7143561 |
| polymorphism of the genomic rnas among the avian reoviruses. | the genome of avian reoviruses is comprised of 10 segments of double-stranded (ds)rna. analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genomic rna from a small number of avian reoviruses has demonstrated a significant polymorphism in the migration pattern of the dsrna segments among different isolates. comparison of these patterns with that of the mammalian reovirus of serotype 1 has permitted calculation of the molecular weights of the avian dsrna species. | 1982 | 7119751 |
| characteristics and pathogenicity of two avian reoviruses isolated from chickens with leg problems. | two reoviruses identified as 172 and 176 were isolated from the hock of 2-to-3-week-old broiler breeders exhibiting leg problems. oral-ocular or intraplantar inoculation of day-old specific-pathogen-free or broiler chickens produced severe mortality (60-100%) within 2 to 6 days. the main lesions observed were tenosynovitis as well as necrosis and congestion of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bursa of fabricius. | 1983 | 6847543 |
| in vitro characterization of an avian reovirus vaccine strain. | in vitro studies were performed to characterize the vaccine strain, designated p100, derived from the arthrogenic reovirus isolate, s1133, by cold adaptation. p100 appeared to be temperature sensitive, shown by a marked drop in titer and efficiency of plaquing after incubation at 41 degrees. studies indicated that genomic double-stranded rna and protein synthesis were severely restricted at the elevated temperature. differences in the growth behavior of p100 and s1133 at 37 degrees were also not ... | 1983 | 6845656 |
| a comparison of avian and mammalian cell cultures for the propagation of avian reovirus wvu 2937. | two avian and seven mammalian cell lines were evaluated for their application in propagating avian reovirus wvu 2937. cultures were compared for monolayer-formation time, support of viral replication, passages and postinfection time required for expression of cytopathic effect (cpe), type of cpe, and virus yield. cpe was observed on the first passage with infected egg yolk in primary chicken embryo kidney cells, primary through tertiary chicken embryo liver (cel) cells, and african green monkey ... | 1984 | 6721794 |
| forms of leg abnormality observed in male broilers fed on a diet containing 12.5 percent rapeseed meal. | the incidence of leg abnormalities was studied in 216 male ross i broilers, fed for 10 weeks on a diet containing 12.5 per cent extracted rapeseed. regular serological examination showed that the birds remained free from mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus throughout the period of investigation. post mortem examination and radiographs were performed when birds were culled due to leg deformities or at the end of the experiment. leg abnormalities were seen in 19.4 per ... | 1983 | 6635344 |
| detection of genomic differences between the avian reovirus isolate s1133 and its high-passage derivative p100. | previous studies have shown that the s1133 and p100 strains of avian reovirus are identical by electropherotype analysis of their genomic rna despite demonstrating differences in their protein composition. by using the more sensitive technique of liquid nucleic acid hybridization for comparing the genomes of these two viruses, differences among several homologous rna genome segments have been detected. the implication of the use of these techniques for characterization and analysis of recently i ... | 1984 | 6487199 |
| effects of feed additives and feed contaminants on the susceptibility of chickens to viruses. | several feed additives and contaminants are recognized which may alter avian immune responsiveness or disease resistance. exposure of poultry to such chemical substances may in some instances explain the failure of vaccines to confer expected levels of disease resistance and may explain certain flock health problems associated with infectious agents generally presumed to be commensals. limited studies with bht and ethoxyquin did not associate decreased resistance to ndv infection with dietary in ... | 1984 | 6483886 |
| avian reovirus antibody assay by indirect immunofluorescence using plastic microculture plates. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test was developed to detect serum antibody to avian reovirus strain wvu2937. this test employed small multiple well plastic plates (8 x 5.5 cm) which readily fitted into the standard mechanical stage mechanism of an incident light fluorescence microscope. the small wells of the plates required minimal (10 mul) volumes of reagents. in tests on 18 sera in which the indirect fluorescent antibody, agar gel precipitin and plaque reduction methods were compared sera w ... | 1982 | 6462191 |
| isolation of avian reovirus as a possible etiologic agent of osteoporosis ("brittle bone disease"; "femoral head necrosis") in broiler chickens. | avian reovirus was isolated from intestines of 3-to-7-day-old broiler chickens with enteritis from broiler houses where osteoporosis was a problem. the virus was purified in a cesium chloride gradient (buoyant density 1.37 gm/ml) and identified as a reovirus by electron microscopy. specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens and commercial broiler chickens with anti-reovirus maternal antibodies inoculated at 1 day of age with the reovirus isolate developed lesions of femoral head fractures and/or oste ... | 1981 | 6461325 |
| modification of three avian viruses passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don) in pathogenicity to chicken embryo. | the beaudette 42 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus, sato strain of newcastle disease virus, and uchida strain of avian reovirus were passaged in chinese hamster lung cells (don), and some properties were examined. the don-passaged strains showed a difference in replication in don and chicken embryo kidney cells in one-step growth curve examinations and a partial modification in pathogenicity to chicken embryos; nevertheless, neutralization tests revealed no serological alteration. | 1984 | 6331368 |
| development of an attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine against viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. | a fully attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine was developed by 235 serial passages of s1133 strain avian reovirus in embryonating chicken eggs and 100 additional passages in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures, 65 of which were cultured at 32 c. chickens with and without maternal antibodies to avian reovirus were vaccinated subcutaneously at 1 day of age and challenged via footpad at 14 days of age. it appeared that the 40th, 66th, and 100th cef passage levels were apathogenic at doses ra ... | 1983 | 6314976 |
| efficacy of some disinfectants against infectious bursal disease virus and avian reovirus. | 1982 | 6293154 | |
| pathogenicity of avian reoviruses: examination of six isolates and a vaccine strain. | six avian reovirus isolates and a vaccine reovirus strain were compared for invasiveness, virulence, and pathological characteristics upon infection of day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks by the footpad, subcutaneous, and oral routes of inoculation. no significant differences were noted regarding the ability of individual isolates to infect target tissues. however, virulence (measured as the 50% lethal dose) among the isolates varied markedly from 2 x 10(5) to less than 10 pfu per chick for th ... | 1982 | 6292109 |
| polymorphism of the migration of double-stranded rna genome segments of avian reoviruses. | a number of field isolates of avian reovirus were characterized by analysis of the migration pattern of their genomic double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. comparison of the various isolates has demonstrated (i) no relationship between serotype and migration of any individual dsrna segment, (ii) marked polymorphism of migration patterns of all dsrna segments among isolates of the same serotype as well as among different serotypes, (iii) no correlation betw ... | 1982 | 6287028 |
| experimental infection of broiler chickens with an avian reovirus. | 1981 | 6282942 | |
| avian adenoviruses and avian reoviruses isolated from diseased chickens. | 1981 | 6275831 | |
| experimental transmission of avian reovirus and avian adenovirus through embryonated eggs. | 1981 | 6271116 | |
| performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. | no antibodies against salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. antibodies against i ... | 1980 | 6253742 |
| serological comparisons of avian reoviruses. | 1980 | 6248574 | |
| studies on interferon induction and interferon sensitivity of avian reoviruses. | four strains of avian reovirus were ineffective inducers of interferon (ifn) in chicken kidney (ck) cell cultures. all strains were similar in single-cycle replication curves. at multiplicities of infection between 0.20 and 10 plaque-forming units per cell, ifn was not induced in ck cells. reovirus did not produce an ifn blocker in ck cells. attenuated reovirus did induce ifn in aged chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell cultures. by priming cells with a low dose of ifn before infection with reov ... | 1983 | 6197057 |
| viral tissue tropisms and interferon production in white leghorn chickens infected with two avian reovirus strains. | inoculation of 6-day-old and 4-week-old chickens with pathogenic or attenuated avian reovirus resulted in an inapparent infection. the virus had a greater tissue distribution and persisted longer in tissues of 6-day-old chickens. interferon was detected in only the serum and lung of infected chickens and appeared to be related to route of inoculation. titers of interferon were greater and appeared sooner in the tissues of older chickens. reovirus-neutralizing antibody was not detected in the ser ... | 1983 | 6196015 |
| interferon induction by viruses. vi. reovirus: virion genome dsrna as the interferon inducer in aged chick embryo cells. | the interferon-inducing particle (ifp) activity of avian and human reoviruses in aged chick embryo cells was determined by analyzing dose (multiplicity)-response (interferon yield) curves. these curves fit best a model in which each cell infected with greater than or equal to 1 ifp produces a quantum yield of interferon. avian reovirus stocks contained as many as 60 times more ifp than plaque-forming particles (pfp). upon uv-irradiation the ratio of ifp:pfp became 197, suggesting that virtually ... | 1980 | 6180039 |
| pathological studies in chicken embryos and day-old chicks experimentally infected with avian reovirus. | 1984 | 6099967 | |
| prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens. | the prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens with the runting/stunting syndrome, tenosynovitis, and normal chickens was investigated. reoviruses were isolated from 3-week-old chickens affected with the runting/stunting syndrome and from older chickens with tenosynovitis; viruses were isolated from tissues with and without lesions. reoviruses were also frequently isolated from rectal contents of normal 3-week-old chickens, and there was serological evidence of previous reovirus infection i ... | 1984 | 6098246 |
| pathogenicity of avian reoviruses isolated from tendons and tendon sheaths of chickens with leg weakness. | 1984 | 6092759 | |
| in vitro and in vivo studies with an avian reovirus derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant clone. | a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of avian reovirus isolate maine 1-203 was obtained at 41 c. the 19th passage of this mutant (ts 19) was utilized for in vitro studies comparing its replication in macrophage cultures with that of its parent strain and an apathogenic s1133 virus. in vivo studies were initiated to determine the ts mutant's pathogenicity for day-old chicks, safety and protective levels for 6-day-old chicks, and interference with marek's disease, newcastle, and infectious bronchit ... | 1984 | 6091605 |
| avian reoviruses. 3. infectivity and egg transmission. | 1969 | 5818050 | |
| physico-chemical properties of avian reovirus and its nucleic acid. | 1968 | 5697642 | |
| the crawley agent: an avian reovirus. | 1967 | 5600964 | |
| common antigenicity of avian reoviruses. | 1966 | 5341506 | |
| fate of rna-labeled avian reovirus in infected cells. | 1971 | 5104273 | |
| the isolation of an avian reovirus. | 1971 | 5095946 | |
| avian reoviruses. iv. relationship to human reoviruses. | 1969 | 4975579 | |
| some properties of an adenine-rich polynucleotide fragment from the avian reovirus. | 1968 | 4866296 | |
| characterization of avian reovirus 24. | 1973 | 4748344 | |
| neutralization kinetics study of selected reoviruses. | neutralization kinetic rates were compared between five avian and three human reoviruses and their specific antiserums. antigenic similarities were not noted between the human and avian reoviruses studied. antigenic similarities were found between a reovirus isolated from a chicken with marek's disease, and the fahey-crawley virus, avian arthritis virus, and a turkey reovirus isolate designated as bc-3. the fahey-crawley virus was found to be antigenically similar to bc-3. | 1973 | 4742975 |
| electron microscopic study of an avian reovirus that causes arthritis. | 1972 | 4627607 | |
| characterization of avian reovirus ribonucleic acid. | 1974 | 4613322 | |
| [avian reovirus as an contagious agent in chicken-kidney-cell cultures]. | 1974 | 4375952 | |
| characterization of an avian reovirus isolated in queensland. | 1973 | 4353818 | |
| pathogenicity of avian reovirus and its influence on the infection of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | 1970 | 4318212 | |
| murine disease induced by avian reovirus. | 1970 | 4317872 | |
| avian reoviruses ii. physicochemical characterization and classification. | 1969 | 4307738 | |
| avian reoviruses. i. isolation and serological characterization. | 1969 | 4307737 | |
| avian reoviruses. v. studies of ultrastructural morphology by electron microscopy. | 1971 | 4106565 | |
| protein coding assignment of the s genes of the avian reovirus s1133. | the protein coding assignments for each of the s genes of the avian reovirus s1133 have been determined. in vitro translation of rna derived from individual s dsrna genome segments demonstrated that the largest s gene, s1, codes for the smallest protein, sigma c; the s2 for sigma a; the s3 gene for sigma c; and the s4 gene for sigma ns. no other gene products could be identified. by examination of appropriate reassortant viruses, these assignments were confirmed. | 1985 | 3976177 |
| a comparison of the pathogenicity of four avian reoviruses in chickens. | four avian reoviruses were orally inoculated into 1-day-old chickens to determine pathogenicity, virus persistence in the intestinal tract, and effects on body weight gains. avian reoviruses reo-25 and w3-492 belonged to two separate serotypes, and viruses tc 897 and w3-410 were antigenically related to w3-492. isolate w3-492, which was highly pathogenic, was very rarely recovered from cloacal swabs collected 2 weeks postinoculation, but inoculated chickens gained significantly less weight (p le ... | 1987 | 3579791 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against an avian reovirus. | thirteen monoclonal antibodies against avian reovirus strain uchida were derived. of the 13 antibodies, three (mab1, mab2, and mab3) had the ability to neutralize the infectivity of the virus. mab1 neutralized strains uchida, cs-108, and ts-142 equally. mab2 neutralized the same three strains, but the activity of neutralization was 10 times higher against uchida than against cs-108 and ts-142. mab3 neutralized only strain uchida. it seems that mab1 and mab2 have a rather broad neutralization act ... | 1987 | 3442525 |
| avian reovirus mrnas are nonfunctional in infected mouse cells: translational basis for virus host-range restriction. | avian reovirus s1133 penetrates and uncoats in suspension cultures of mouse l cells. the multiple species of viral transcripts are produced in the cytoplasm of the infected cell, but they fail to associate with polysomes, consistent with the absence of viral protein synthesis. the selective block in avian virus mrna translation is not overcome by coinfection with mammalian reovirus type 3, which replicates in mouse l cells, or by hypertonic shock or exposure to a low concentration of cycloheximi ... | 1988 | 3380790 |
| serologic comparison of avian reovirus isolates using virus neutralization and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the serologic relatedness of six avian reovirus isolates (co8, s1133, 81-5, 2408, 1733, and umi 203) were determined using a virus-neutralization (vn) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). six groups of 20 specific-pathogen-free broilers each were twice infected with one of the six isolates per group. serum was reacted against each isolate in a beta vn test in chicken embryo kidney cells and against the s1133 virus in elisa. relatedness (r) values, determined by cross vn, reveal ... | 1988 | 3202765 |
| the propagation of avian viruses in a continuous cell line (qt35) of japanese quail origin. | seven of nine avian virus families tested (birnaviridae, coronaviridae, herpesviridae, paramyxoviridae, poxviridae, reoviridae, and retroviridae) were found to replicate in a quail fibroblast cell line, designated qt35, resulting in a cytopathic effect (cpe) visible with the naked eye or by low-power microscopy. in comparison, only one (paramyxoviridae) of seven mammalian virus families tested produced an observable cpe. cytopathic changes induced by examined viruses were round cell, syncytial, ... | 1988 | 3135794 |
| serological studies with reoviruses in chickens, turkeys and ducks. | fluorescent antibody (fa) studies with avian reoviruses in chickens, turkeys and ducks are described. detection of the group-specific antigen by fa test was investigated by titrating a reovirus antiserum on chick embryo liver cell cultures infected with 18 reovirus strains fixed on multitest slides. with 16 of the viruses, test titres were similar, indicating presence of a common antigen. the titre observed with a duck reovirus isolate was considerably lower, suggesting partial cross-reactivity. ... | 1987 | 3119679 |
| [demonstration of a reovirus in helicopter disease of broilers]. | a reovirus was isolated from 5-13-day-old broiler birds with signs of the so-called helicopter disease--one of the forms of the malabsorption syndrome. a number of organs were investigated (trachea, liver, spleen, bursa of fabricius, proventricular stomach, and tendon sheath of musculus gastrocnemius). the virus was isolated from the proventricular stomach and the tendon sheath in cell cultures of chick embryo kidney as well as in 5-7-day-old chick embryos inoculated in the yolk sac. the remaini ... | 1987 | 3039720 |
| studies on orthoreoviruses isolated from young turkeys. iii. pathogenic effects in chicken embryos, chicks, poults, and suckling mice. | the pathogenicity of four clone-purified reoviruses (81-51, 81-68, 81-311, and 82-88) was studied in experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken embryos and chicks. spf and specific-antigen-and-antibody-negative (saan) turkey poults, and suckling mice. in spf embryos, all four viruses caused death or lesions characteristic for avian reoviruses. spf chicks inoculated orally with isolate 81-68 showed no signs of overt disease but did develop antibodies to reovirus. in some experim ... | 1986 | 3021103 |
| role of route of exposure, age, sex, and type of chicken on the pathogenicity of avian reovirus strain 81-176. | chickens were evaluated by age, sex, and type for susceptibility to reovirus strain 81-176 inoculated subcutaneously. chicks were most susceptible to the lethal effects of reovirus infection at hatching, after which resistance increased rapidly. by 1 week of age, mortality was negligible, but chicks were still susceptible to the less lethal effects of the virus. mortality rates of males and females were equal. leghorn and broiler-type chicks did not differ appreciably in their response to viral ... | 1986 | 3021096 |
| a comparison between the effect of an avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus on selected aspects of the immune system of the chicken. | reovirus 81-176 was inoculated subcutaneously into day-old specific-pathogen-free leghorns and evaluated for its effects on the immune system over a 3-week period. structural criteria included organ weights of the bursa of fabricius (bf) and spleen (sp), scoring of histological lesions in the bf, sp, and thymus, and hematological analyses of the circulating leukocytes. alterations in the functional capacity of the immune system were measured using the graft-versus-host reaction, the response of ... | 1986 | 3015115 |
| effect of dietary histamine on broiler chickens infected with avian reovirus s1133. | one-day-old broiler chickens were infected with either of two vaccine strains of avian reovirus s1133 and fed diets containing 0.2% histamine dihydrochloride for 21 or 35 days. control groups received either or neither of these treatments. the most notable virus-histamine interaction observed was increased (p less than 0.01) early mortality of chickens infected with the more virulent (pullet) vaccine virus. histamine in the diet did not affect seroconversion rates or the incidence of stunting in ... | 1986 | 3015103 |
| observations on the ability of avian reovirus vaccination of hens to protect their progeny against the effects of challenge with homologous and heterologous strains. | avian reovirus vaccines of the s1133 strain, used indirectly in the dams of challenged chicks, were found to confer protection against clinical signs and/or deaths resulting from the use of both homologous and heterologous challenge strains. there was some protection against every strain used, although this did vary in degree. it was difficult to relate this variation in protection to the differences in in vitro neutralization of the strains by s1133 antiserum, though there were some similaritie ... | 1986 | 3009563 |
| performance of broiler progeny of breeder flocks vaccinated with inactivated oil emulsion malabsorption syndrome virus vaccine. | broiler breeder pullets were vaccinated at 20 to 24 weeks of age with an inactivated, oil emulsion vaccine containing the co8 strain of avian reovirus. the vaccination induced a high and uniform antibody response that peaked 4 to 5 months postvaccination and persisted up to 11 months postvaccination. broiler production parameters in progeny of vaccinated breeders were compared weekly with parameters of the total broiler production. there was a consistent improvement in body weight at processing ... | 1985 | 2999744 |
| pathogenic characteristics of highly virulent avian reovirus, strain 58-132, isolated from a chicken with tenosynovitis. | 1985 | 2995715 | |
| effect of avian reoviruses on lymphoid organ weights and antibody response in chickens. | several avian reoviruses were screened to determine their effects on the immune system by inoculating them subcutaneously (sq) into day-old chicks. for comparison, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was similarly evaluated. the response of the immune system was measured functionally by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) response to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and structurally by changes in the organ-to-body-weight ratios of the bursa of fabricius, thymus, and spleen. when inoculated sq, ... | 1985 | 2992443 |
| influence of a 12.5 per cent rapeseed diet and an avian reovirus on the production of leg abnormalities in male broiler chickens. | the incidence of different forms of leg abnormality were recorded in reovirus (s1133) infected and control male broiler chickens fed on a normal commercial diet or one of similar nutritive value containing 12.5 per cent rapeseed meal. regular serological examination showed that birds remained free from mycoplasma gallisepticum and m synoviae infection throughout the 10 week period of investigation. precipitating antibodies to the reovirus were detected in 90 per cent of the infected birds betwee ... | 1985 | 2983408 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on susceptibility of embryonating eggs to avian reovirus. | 1988 | 2845180 | |
| viral agents associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in turkey flocks in quebec. | the relative importance of various enteric viruses associated with diarrhea of turkey poults was investigated by an evaluation of specimens received since 1982. specimens originated from one to eight week old turkey poults, with mild to severe diarrhea, from 114 flocks in 42 commercial operations located in southern quebec. the acute phase of enteritis occurred usually in poults between two and four weeks of age. clarified intestinal contents were examined by direct electron microscopy and enzym ... | 1988 | 2832044 |
| application of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (abc) technique for detecting avian reovirus in chickens. | an immunoperoxidase technique, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (abc), was used for detecting avian reovirus in glutaraldehyde-formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. a peroxidase-positive reaction, characterized by the presence of dark brown granules in the cytoplasm of affected cells, was found in the liver (kupffer cells, macrophages, and hepatocytes) and bursa of fabricius (epithelial cells, stromal cells, and/or macrophages). the early presence of peroxidase activity in the bursa of fabr ... | 1987 | 2823776 |
| comparative study of the pathogenicity of avian reoviruses. | reovirus strains co8 and 81-5, isolated from chickens with malabsorption syndrome, and reovirus strain 176, isolated from chickens with tenosynovitis, were each individually inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks. strain co8 caused tenosynovitis and pericarditis following footpad inoculation, but it was of low pathogenicity when given by either oral or subcutaneous route. in contrast, strains 81-5 and 176 were highly pathogenic and caused severe mortality following subcutaneous ... | 1987 | 2823774 |
| serologic and pathogenetic studies on avian reoviruses isolated in japan. | eighty-nine avian reoviruses isolated from diseased and clinically normal chickens were classified serologically using antisera against five prototype strains. eighty-three strains were classified into five serotypes; six strains were untypable. most of the cytopathogenic strains that produced a clear cytopathic effect (cpe) in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) were highly pathogenic for chicken embryos (80% or more mortality via the allantoic sac) and for chicks (severe footpad swellings and te ... | 1987 | 2823770 |
| association of avian reovirus m and s genes with viral behavior in vivo. ii. viral pathogenicity. | a group of avian reoviruses comprising serially passaged s1133 strains and their vaccine derivatives was examined biochemically to study the temporal evolution of the viruses and biologically to assess their relative pathogenicities. the strains fell into three groups of differing virulence, the viruses becoming less pathogenic the longer they were passaged. protein and rna profiles of the strains showed no distinct patterns of evolution nor any trend that could be correlated with pathogenicity. ... | 1987 | 2823767 |
| association of avian reovirus m and s genes with viral behavior in vivo. i. viral persistence. | persistent infections were initiated in chickens with four different avian reovirus strains of varying virulence. chickens 1 day old, 1 week old, or 2 weeks old were inoculated with each. eight weeks later, isolates from all four parent strains were obtained; all isolates but one were from the tendons, and that was from the pancreas. biochemical characterization of the isolates showed their genomes to be similar to those of the parent strains, although the proteins of the persistent isolates occ ... | 1987 | 2823766 |
| antigenic comparisons of selected avian reoviruses by use of the plaque-reduction neutralization assay. | the antigenic interrelatedness of 3 clone-purified turkey reoviruses (ng-turkey, 82-88, and nc-tev) to each other and to 4 clone-purified chicken reoviruses (s1133, co8, fahey-crawley, and avian type 2) was determined in reciprocal cross-neutralization tests, using polyclonal antisera and the plaque-reduction technique. the morphologic features of plaques formed under agar were studied for all 7 reoviruses, and size comparisons for turkey vs chicken isolates were made. all 3 turkey reoviruses (w ... | 1989 | 2802316 |
| identification and characterization of an avian reovirus isolated from black-tailed gull (larus crassirostris). | an isolated virus from the feces of nestlings of black-tailed gulls living on the kabu-island, hachinohe-city, aomori-prefecture, was identified as an avian reovirus from its morphological, physicochemical and biological features. serologically, the isolate has a 62% of relatedness to ts-17 strain, a prototype of avian reovirus in japan. the isolate showed no significant virulences to one-day-old spf chickens, and showed low mortalities to chicken embryos, although it formed remarkable lesion on ... | 1989 | 2561773 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of avian reoviruses. iii. host factors affecting virulence and persistence. | three avian reovirus isolates (2177, 2035, and 1733) were used to determine the effect of the age of chickens at inoculation on virus virulence and persistence. groups of specific-pathogen-free leghorns were inoculated with three different reovirus isolates of different levels of pathogenicity at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks of age. tissues were examined for the presence of virus and lesions at regular intervals until 8 weeks postinoculation (pi) and then again at 22 weeks pi. iso ... | 1989 | 2549943 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of avian reoviruses. ii. clinical evaluation of chickens infected with two avian reovirus pathotypes. | the effect of two avian reovirus isolates (2408 and 1733) on digestion and nutrient metabolism in infected chickens was assessed by an in vitro absorption assay and clinical blood chemistry analysis. birds of various ages were inoculated orally and intratracheally with reovirus and sampled periodically for the respective assays. transitory malabsorption was observed in the duodenum of birds infected with reovirus 2408. conversely, increased absorption was detected in the ileum of these same bird ... | 1989 | 2549942 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of avian reoviruses. i. pathogenicity and antigenic relatedness of several avian reovirus isolates. | pathogenicity, pathogenesis, and antigenic relatedness of four avian reovirus isolates obtained from commercially reared broilers were investigated. chickens of various ages were inoculated both orally and intratracheally with reovirus. based on disease signs, mortality, weight depression, tissue lesions, invasiveness, and viral persistence in chickens inoculated at 1 day of age, the isolates were classified as being of low, intermediate, or high pathogenicity. the low-pathogenicity isolate (217 ... | 1989 | 2549941 |
| selection of genome segments following coinfection of chicken fibroblasts with avian reoviruses. | two avian reoviruses (883 and 176) shown to have distinct growth kinetics were used to coinfect chicken embryonic fibroblasts asynchronously to generate reassortants. more than 300 plaque-derived clones were obtained from passage 3 of two separate coinfections made at different m.o.i. and time intervals between infection and superinfection. the genome electropherotype of each plaque-derived clone was determined, and a diverse group of reassortants were detected. genome segments 883 m2 and 176 s1 ... | 1990 | 2371771 |
| different sensitivities of vero cells from two sources to avian reoviruses. | four strains of avian reovirus were each titrated in two batches of vero cells (a and b) from different sources and different media recommended for each batch. for each strain, variations in titre were observed under the different cultural conditions. in one case the discrepancy between the titre in a cells with medium recommended for b cells, and b cells with a medium was 2.1 log10. attention is drawn to the possibility that important differences in sensitivity may exist between batches of vero ... | 1990 | 2359888 |
| characteristics and analysis of electropherotypes of avian reovirus field isolates. | genomic segments of 10 selected isolates of avian reoviruses recovered from the intestine of birds affected with malabsorption syndrome or runting/stunting syndrome were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. different electropherotypes were observed and analysed, depending on the period of recovery and particular geographic locations. the analysis showed great variability in the dsrna profiles of the isolates and higher mobility of the segments l1, s1, s2, s3 and s4. there was no corr ... | 1990 | 2169677 |
| characterization of avian reovirus strain-specific polymorphisms. | avian reoviruses have been associated with several pathologic conditions, but correlative relationships between genotypes and specific diseases have not been demonstrated. six avian reoviruses (883, 176, 81-5, s1133, fc, and tx) were selected for this study, and a comparative study of the pathogenic properties of the viruses in chickens, following peroral and footpad inoculation, was carried out, along with a comparison of the electrophoretic mobility of viral genomic segments and viral proteins ... | 1990 | 2164387 |
| experimental infection in specific-pathogen-free chicks with avian reovirus and avian nephritis virus isolated from broiler chicks showing runting syndrome. | avian reovirus (arv) and avian nephritis virus (anv) were individually isolated from runty 10-day-old broiler chicks. the arv isolate, ir-r, the anv isolate, ir-n, and the reference strain of anv, g-4260, were inoculated orally into 1-day-old chicks of two specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken lines, 151 and pdl-1. growth retardation without the presence of gross lesions was clearly observed at 7 and 14 days postinoculation (pi) in chicks of both lines inoculated with the ir-r strain. on the othe ... | 1990 | 2164386 |
| localisation of avian reovirus in the hock joints of chicks after entry through broken skin. | avian reoviruses are transmitted vertically via the egg and horizontally following the ingestion of infected faecal material. experiments conducted on eight one-day-old specific pathogen free chicks provide evidence for occasional infection through broken skin and localisation in the hock joint. | 1990 | 2163092 |
| single and combined infections of specific-pathogen-free chickens with infectious bursal disease virus and an intestinal isolate of reovirus. | the susceptibility of 1-day-old and 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to infection with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) or an intestinal isolate of avian reovirus, or a combination of the two, was investigated. chickens infected with ibdv and reovirus had more severe pathological lesions than chickens infected with either virus alone, and prior infection with ibdv enhanced the pathogenicity of enteric reovirus. virus recovery was attempted from bursa, spleen, ... | 1990 | 2157397 |
| the stimulatory effect of actinomycin d on avian reovirus replication in l cells suggests that translational competition dictates the fate of the infection. | indirect immunostaining of avian reovirus s1133-infected l-cell monolayers showed that most of the cells can support viral replication. however, the number of cells in which the virus was actually replicating depended on the multiplicity of virus infection. the presence of actinomycin d during infection increased viral protein synthesis, viral growth, and the number of actively infected cells at late infection times. the antibiotic elicited these effects by triggering viral replication in cells ... | 1991 | 1895399 |
| avian reovirus s1133 can replicate in mouse l cells: effect of ph and cell attachment status on viral infection. | previous reports have suggested that avian reovirus s1133 fails to replicate in mouse l cells. in this article, we report that replication does occur under certain culture conditions. the avian reovirus was found to grow in mouse l cells at ph 6.4 and 7.2 but not at ph 8.2. culture medium with a basic ph directly inhibited viral transcription and genome replication. as a result, viral protein synthesis was also affected. at permissive ph levels, avian reovirus grew better in monolayers than in s ... | 1991 | 1895398 |
| alcohols induce interferon in primary chick embryo cells. | primary chick embryo cells (cec), cultured in vitro, produce interferon (ifn) following alcohol treatment. brief exposure of cells to methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, or butanol resulted in the production of an acid-labile ifn which could be detected in the supernatant medium as early as 60 min after removal of the drug. following "priming" of the cells by homologous ifn, these four alcohols induced even greater yields of ifn: up to 4,000 units per 10(7) cells of an acid-stable ifn were detected. ... | 1990 | 1691766 |
| identification and characterization of a plaque forming avian rotavirus isolated from a wild bird in japan. | from fresh faeces of a wild bird (melanitta fusca), a virus that showed granular cytopathic effects (cpe) on chicken kidney cell (ckc) cultures was isolated. by indirect immunofluorescence analyses (ifa), this isolate reacted with an antiserum against a bovine rotavirus. the isolate produced clear plaques on ckc by conventional techniques, without trypsin. three virus plaques were selected by plaque size (small, medium, and large) and cloned by three successive plaque cloning. in the sds-page an ... | 1991 | 1653040 |
| investigation of a chronic feed-passage problem on a broiler farm in northwest arkansas. | a commercial broiler farm with a history of poor feed conversion and chronic feed-passage problems was chosen for investigation. chickens were taken from the broiler flock at specified intervals during growout and tested by virus isolation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for avian reovirus. abnormal tissue pathology was first seen in the broilers at 9 days of age and continued sporadically throughout the growout period. antireovirus antibody levels began to increase at 24 days of a ... | 1991 | 1649595 |
| comparison of a vaccine strain and field isolates of avian reovirus by t1-oligonucleotide mapping. | total rna of eight avian reovirus isolates and the s1133 strain were compared by rnase t1-oligonucleotide mapping. the viruses were propagated in vero cell cultures, and viral genomes were extracted from purified virions for comparison. pairwise comparisons of the oligonucleotide maps showed genetic variation among reovirus isolates ranging from 78% to 99%. the t1 fingerprints of the rna of isolates 1103, 724, 615, and 684 differed slightly from the standard s1133 strain, suggesting that the vac ... | 1992 | 1627095 |
| strain-specific selection of genome segments in avian reovirus coinfections. | to determine whether selection of genome segments in coinfections is strain-specific, chicken embryo fibroblasts were coinfected with avian reovirus strain 883 and one of three other avian reovirus strains (176, s1133 and 81-5). viral progeny from each coinfection (883 x 176, 883 x s1133 or 883 x 81-5) was serially passaged at a low m.o.i. the electropherotypes of the coinfection progeny and those of the plaque-derived clones obtained from passages 1 and 20 were analysed. two 883 segments (m2 an ... | 1992 | 1469350 |
| comparison of eight different procedures for harvesting avian reoviruses grown in vero cells. | 14 avian reovirus isolates adapted to replicate in an african green monkey (vero) cell line were studied for the nature of their replication. the growth curves of 5 viruses showed them to be highly cell-associated in vero cells. different procedures were examined for releasing the cell-associated virus following propagation in vero cells, including several freeze-thaw cycles, treatment with sterile distilled deionized water (ddh2o), freon extraction, and trypsin treatment. treatment of virus inf ... | 1992 | 1430071 |
| [optimization of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against avian reoviruses--with special consideration of the calculation of results and test interpretation]. | selected steps in the establishment of an enzyme-immuno-assay (eia) are shown with an eia for detection of antibodies against avian reoviruses of chicken. the centre of this work is to show the various possibilities of calculation and interpretation of the test results. the definition of the cut-off-value is the basis for the interpretation of the assay and the consequences for the veterinarians in the field and the animal owners. basic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, predication value, pr ... | 1992 | 1329404 |
| comparison of electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the diagnosis of avian reovirus and rotavirus infections. | electron microscopy (em) and genome electropherotyping by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) for the detection of avian rotaviruses and reoviruses in intestinal specimens and cell cultures were compared. fifty-eight field samples of intestine with intestinal contents, referred to as direct specimens, from turkey and chicken flocks located in different regions of california and submitted during 1989 for virus isolation were randomly selected as test samples. also, 38 field intestinal speci ... | 1992 | 1320858 |
| effect of neutralizing antibodies on protection against avian reovirus infection via the footpad in chickens immunized with killed or live virus-antigen. | 1992 | 1318756 | |
| studies on gross footpad lesions of chickens infected with avian reoviruses via the footpad route. | avian reoviruses grew well in the footpad of chickens inoculated with the viruses via the footpad route, resulting in gross footpad lesions of swelling. the gross footpad lesions induced under some different conditions were investigated for 14 days by two methods. in method a, the lesions were observed grossly and graded as lesion scores 0 to 4. in method b, they were expressed as a swelling index assessed by relative thickness of an inoculated footpad to uninoculated. both methods are successfu ... | 1992 | 1313706 |