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comparison of different rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and characterization by sequences analysis of genes encoding vp4 and vp7 capsid proteins.the aim of this study was to compare the performance of four rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and to characterize the positive samples by sequence analysis of vp4 and vp7 genes.201323421708
g8 rotaviruses with conserved genotype constellations detected in malawi over 10 years (1997-2007) display frequent gene reassortment among strains co-circulating in humans.rotavirus a, the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide, occurs in five major vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) genotype combinations, comprising g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. however, g8, a common bovine rotavirus genotype, has been reported frequently among children in african countries. surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis conducted in a sentinel hospital in blantyre, malawi between 1997 and 2007 provided a rare opportunity to examine the whole genotype constellation ...201323407423
complex evolutionary patterns of two rare human g3p[9] rotavirus strains possessing a feline/canine-like h6 genotype on an au-1-like genotype constellation.the group a rotavirus (rva) g3p[9] is a rare vp7-vp4 genotype combination, detected occasionally in humans and cats. other than the prototype g3p[9] strain, rva/human- tc/jpn/au-l/1982/g3p3[9], the whole genomes of only two human g3p[9] rva strains and two feline g3p[9] rva strains have been analyzed so far, revealing complex evolutionary patterns, distinct from that of au-1. we report here the whole genomic analyses of two human g3p[9] rva strains, rva/human-tc/chn/l621/2006/g3p[9] and rva/huma ...201323403096
rotavirus - a retrospective study of incidence at the hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm).the present study, analyzes data from 1991 to 2000 for rotavirus infection among children with diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis admitted to the hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm). the latex slide agglutination test was used for the detection of rotavirus antigens. out of 1097 stool samples tested, 207 samples or 18.8 % were found to be positive for rotavirus. the infection occurred most frequently in infants and young children from 6 months to 2 years of age. the infection was recorded ...200323386803
sequence analysis of the whole genomes of five african human g9 rotavirus strains.the g9 rotaviruses are amongst the most common global rotavirus strains causing severe childhood diarrhoea. however, the whole genomes of only a few g9 rotaviruses have been fully sequenced and characterised of which only one g9p[6] and one g9p[8] are from africa. we determined the consensus sequence of the whole genomes of five african human group a g9 rotavirus strains, four g9p[8] strains and one g9p[6] strain collected in cameroon (central africa), kenya (eastern africa), south africa and zi ...201323369762
detection and genetic diversity of porcine group a rotaviruses in historic (2004) and recent (2011 and 2012) swine fecal samples in ohio: predominance of the g9p[13] genotype in nursing piglets.epidemiological surveillance of porcine group a rotavirus (rva) strains was conducted in five swine herds in ohio using historical (2004) and recent (2011 to 2012) fecal samples. of the 371 samples examined, 9.4% (35/371) were positive for rva. the rva detection rates increased from 5.9% in 2004 and 8.5% in 2011 to 13.8% in 2012. a total of 23 positive samples were analyzed for rva g and p genotypes. the dominant g-p combination was g9p[13] found in 60.9% of positive samples. the other combinati ...201323363823
changes in anti-group a rotavirus antibody seroprevalence and levels in the western gyeongnam province of korea over 16 years.to observe how anti-group a rotavirus antibody seropositivity rates and levels have changed in the western region of gyeongnam province, 2,030 serum samples collected at four collection periods (1989-1990, 1994-1995, 1999-2000, and 2004-2005) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for igg, and iga antibodies reacting to recombinant vp6 protein. the seroprevalences exhibit no regular patterns over a 16-yr period. for all four collection periods, the anti-rvp6 igg levels rose steadily du ...201323341712
characterization of human rotaviruses circulating in iraq in 2008: atypical g8 and high prevalence of p[6] strains.fecal samples from 976 children with gastroenteritis were collected and analyzed for group a rotavirus (rva), in three different cities in iraq between january 2008 and december 2008. rva antigen was detected in 394 (40%) of the samples, and 98 samples were available for further genotype analyses using multiplex rt-pcr and sequence analyses for untypeable strains. the g/p-genotype combination was determined for 69 samples, and 19, 2 and 8 samples remained p-untypeable, g-untypeable and g/p-untyp ...201323340225
evolutionary time-scale of primate bocaviruses.human bocavirus (hbov) is associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans, occurring mostly in young children and elderly people. four bocavirus genotypes (hbov1-hbov4) have been found so far. since there were no data on the contribution of hbov to gastroenteritis in russia, 1781 fecal samples collected from infants hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in novosibirsk, russia during one year were tested for the presence of nucleic acids from hbov and three major gastrointestinal viruses (rotav ...201323313830
genotyping of calves rotavirus in china by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.to investigate the epidemical characteristics and genotype distributions of bovine rotavirus (brv) in china, 195 fecal samples were collected from calves with diarrhea in china. fecal samples were detected for rotavirus a antigen using elisa. the positive samples were screened for vp7 and vp4 by rt-pcr. g serotyping and p genotyping were conducted on 53 vp7 and vp4 positive samples using rt-pcr. the results showed that 82 samples were found positive for brv. 752bp, 660bp and 285bp bands were amp ...201323313784
annual changes in predominant genotypes of rotavirus a detected in the feces of pigs in various developmental stages raised on a conventional farm.the goal of the present study was to improve understanding of the ecology of porcine rotavirus a (rva) infection in pigs raised on a conventional farrow-to-finish farm. we collected 145 fecal samples over a 3-year period from suckling pigs and their dams, and pigs at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that 29 samples (20%) were positive for the viral vp7 gene. the detection rate of vp7 sequences was highest in 30-day-old pigs ( ...201223313539
[experience of application of multiplex qpcr for differential diagnostics of intestinal viral infections].evaluate the effectiveness of multiplex reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence detection in real time mode (qpcr) methods for differential detection of 11 groups of intestine viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, polioviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses, group a and c rotaviruses, orthoreoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses and astroviruses) in various biological samples.201223297630
genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus gii.21 in brazil.this retrospective study (april-september 2003) was designed to investigate the roles of the main viruses responsible for cases of acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalised children up to two years of age. the viruses were identified in 64.7% (88/136) of the cases and the detection rates of rotavirus a (rva), norovirus (nov) and astrovirus were 41.9% (57/136), 30.3% (24/79) and 12.7% (7/55), respectively. rva and nov were detected in 20 of the 24 reported nosocomial infection cases. this s ...201223295760
first report of human rotavirus g8p[4] gastroenteritis in india: evidence of ruminants-to-human zoonotic transmission.group a rotaviruses are the major cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. due to close proximity of human and cattle in rural areas of developing countries like india, interspecies transmission or zoonotic transmission is a major source of rapid generation of reassortants and genetic or antigenic variants. previously, many human group a rotaviruses were found with porcine or bovine characteristics from eastern and north-eastern india. in this study, four unusual human g8p[4] strains were i ...201223280762
group a rotavirus universal mass vaccination: how and to what extent will selective pressure influence prevalence of rotavirus genotypes?two human group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines are available and highly effective in preventing severe gastroenteritis caused by all commonly circulating human rva genotypes. the effect of universal mass vaccination on the rva genotype distribution is discussed based on the knowledge of complete rva genotype constellations, data from clinical efficacy trials and effectiveness studies, and genotype surveillance data from countries with universal mass vaccination programs. the theoretically predicted ...201223249234
[genetic diversity of group a rotavirus isolates found in western siberia in 2007-2011].genetic analysis of group a rotavirus recovered from fecal samples of children admitted to hospitals in novosibirsk and omsk during four epidemic seasons 2007, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 was performed. a total of 1416 rotavirus isolates were genotyped using multiplex pcr. the isolates of the most common rotavirus genotypes g1p[8], g4p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8] co-circulated in western siberia during 2007-2011. in isolated cases g9p[8], g2p[8], g3p[9], and g4p[6] genotypes were detected. change of ...201223248851
analysis of rotavirus species diversity and evolution including the newly determined full-length genome sequences of rotavirus f and g.rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. eight different rotavirus species (a-h) have been defined based on antigenicity and nucleotide sequence identities of the vp6 gene. here, the first complete genome sequences of rotavirus f (strain 03v0568) and g (strain 03v0567) with lengths of 18,341 and 18,186bp, respectively, are described. both viruses have open reading frames for rotavirus proteins vp1 to vp7 and nsp1 to nsp5 located at the 11 genome segme ...201323237956
the origin of two rare human p[10] rotavirus strains.the group a rotavirus (rva) p[10] is a rare genotype of the rva vp4 gene. to date, the whole genome sequence of only a single p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/69m/1980/g8p4[10], has been determined, revealing a ds-1-like genotype constellation. whole genomic analyses of p[10] rva strains with other vp7 genotypes are essential to obtain conclusive data on the origin and genetic diversity of the p10] rvas. in the present study, the whole genome of a human g4p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/57m ...201323178318
multiplex real-time pcr assays for the detection of group c rotavirus, astrovirus, and subgenus f adenovirus in stool specimens.group c rotavirus (gcrv), astrovirus (astv), and adenovirus (subgenus f adenov) are etiologic agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, which often represents community outbreaks. for the efficient detection of gcrv, astv, and subgenus f adenov in stool specimens, a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to detect these three viruses simultaneously, with high sensitivity and specificity. in total, 8404 clinical specimens were collected between april 2008 and march 2011 and tested for gc ...201323159674
antibody response in vaccinated pregnant mares to recent g3bp[12] and g14p[12] equine rotaviruses.both the g3p[12] and the g14p[12] type of equine group a rotavirus (rva) have recently become predominant in many countries, including japan. g3 types are classified further into g3a and g3b. the g3a viruses have been circulating in europe, australia, and argentina, and the g3b viruses have been circulating in japan. however, only an inactivated vaccine containing a single g3bp[12] strain is commercially available in japan. to assess the efficacy of the current vaccine against recently circulati ...201223130609
burden and typing of rotavirus group a in children with acute gastroenteritis in shiraz, southern iran.human rotavirus is a significant cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. in recent years, rotavirus genotyping by rt-pcr has provided valuable information about the diversity of rotaviruses circulating worldwide. the purpose of the present study is to monitor the prevalence of the different g types of rotaviruses circulating in shiraz, southern iran and detect any uncommon or novel types.201223115715
molecular characterization analysis of the outer protein layer (vp7) from human rotavirus a genotype g1 isolate identified in iran: implications for vaccine development.the full open reading frame of the outer protein layer vp7 from an isolate of human rotavirus identified in 2010 in an iranian child admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis was amplified from a clinical stool specimen and subjected to molecular characterization. genetic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the analyzed gene falls into the g1 genotype forming a sub-cluster with sequences recently identified in iran and geographically distant countries. such results were confirmed by protein ...201223109009
genomic diversity among group a rotaviruses from diarrheic children, piglets, buffalo and cow calves of madhya pradesh.diarrheal disease continues to be a global health problem, particularly among young ones in developing nations. amongst several viral and non-viral agents associated with diarrhea, group a rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiological agent of childhood gastroenteritis in human infants as well as several animal species throughout the world. during this study, a total of 181 diarrheic stool samples collected from children, piglets, buffalo and cow calves of madhya pradesh, central india ...201023100812
detection of human rotavirus in hospitalized diarrheic children in central india.during the present study, group a human rotaviruses were detected among diarrheic children using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) technique, with a typical rna migration pattern of 4:2:3:2, suggestive of group a rotavirus. during the study, a total of 46 fecal samples collected from hospitalized children with acute diarrhea as well as children inhabiting nearby animal farms with history of presence of animal rotaviruses on the farms were processed for detection of human rotavirus. out o ...200723100693
molecular characterization of group a rotavirus found in elderly patients in ireland; predominance of g1p[8], continued presence of g9p[8], and emergence of g2p[4].rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. there have been several recent reports concerning rotavirus isolation from adults, particularly in the elderly, presenting with gastroenteritis. in this study, the authors report on rotavirus outbreaks in five separate elderly care facilities between april, and june 2011 in ireland. the following genotypes were detected; g1p[8] (n = 5/11), g2p[4] (n = 2/11), and g9p[8] (n = 2/11). thus, similarities to previous reports we ...201223080510
prevalence of group a genotype human rotavirus among children with dirarrhea in thailand, 2009-2011.rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children world-wide, with the highest fatality rate in developing countries. we investigated the presence and seasonal distribution of group a rotavirus infection among thai children. the data will be used for vaccine development. samples were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea admitted to two hospitals between june 2009 and may 2011. group a rotaviruses were detected in 250 (44.5%) ...201223077813
whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus c strains: shintoku and toyama.rotavirus c (rvc) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. because it is difficult to cultivate rvcs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for rvcs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. although whole-genome sequences of one porcine rvc and seven human rvc strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine rvc strain. in the present study, we first determine ...201323052397
identification of an avian group a rotavirus containing a novel vp4 gene with a close relationship to those of mammalian rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are an important cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans, as well as in mammalian and avian animal species. previous sequence analyses indicated that avian rvas are related only distantly to mammalian rvas. here, the complete genomes of rva strain 03v0002e10 from turkey (meleagris gallopavo) and rva strain 10v0112h5 from pheasant (phasianus colchicus) were analysed using a combination of 454 deep sequencing and sanger sequencing technologies. an adenine-rich insertion si ...201323052396
the validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex rt real-time pcr targeting rotavirus a and norovirus.rotavirus (rov) and norovirus (nov) are the main causes of viral gastroenteritis. currently, there is no validated multiplex real-time pcr that can detect and quantify rov and nov simultaneously. the aim of the study was to develop, validate, and internally control a multiplex one-step rt real-time pcr to detect and quantify rov and nov in stool samples. pcr sensitivity was assessed by comparing amplification against the current gold standard, enzyme immunoassay (eia), on stool samples from 94 i ...201323046990
full genomic analysis of a human rotavirus g1p[8] strain isolated in south korea.a rotavirus g1p[8] strain c1-81 was isolated from a 5-month-old female infant admitted to hospital with fever and severe diarrhea in incheon, south korea. to investigate its full genomic relatedness and its group, the full genome of strain c1-81 was determined. based on a full genome classification system, c1-81 was shown to possess the typical wa-like genotype constellation: g1-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1. on the basis of sequence similarities, the strain was shown to be the closest related ...201323023979
rotavirus genotypes in malaysia and universal rotavirus vaccination.group a rotavirus (rv-a) genotypes isolated in malaysia was studied to estimate the effectiveness of a universal rv-a vaccination in malaysia. a simple mathematical model was used, with input from a two-year, two-center, prospective study on hospitalization of rv-a gastroenteritis (rvge) in young children, published data on rv-a hospitalizations and genotypes, mortality on childhood ge and published genotype-specific efficacy data on two rv-a vaccines. assuming a 95% vaccine coverage, the overal ...201223022710
frequency of group a rotavirus with mixed g and p genotypes in bovines: predominance of g3 genotype and its emergence in combination with g8/g10 types.the present study describes the genotypic distribution of rotaviruses (rvs) in an indian bovine population with unexpectedly higher proportions of g3 alone or in combination of g8/g10. pcr-genotyping confirmed that 39.4% (13/33) of the prevalent rvs were the g3 type while 60.6% (20/33) were dual g3g10 or g3g8 types. p typing revealed that 93.9% (31/33) of the samples were p[11] while 6.1% (2/33) possessed a dual p[1]p[11] type. sequence analysis of the vp7 gene from g3 strains viz. b-46, 0970, a ...201223006956
human bocavirus 1 and 3 infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in brazil.to determine the positivity rate of human bocavirus (hbov) 1 and 3 among children who presented with acute gastroenteritis symptoms during the period of 1994-2004 in the central-west region of brazil, 762 faecal samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of hbov dna. primers for a segment of the non-structural viral protein 1 (ns1) gene of hbov-1 and hbov-3 were used. twelve hbov-positive samples were further characterised via genomic sequencing and phylogenetic ...201222990971
detection of enteric viruses in recreational waters of an urban lagoon in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil.the aim of this study was to determine the occurrences of the group a rotavirus (rva), norovirus (nov) and human adenovirus (hadv) in the surface waters of an urban lagoon (rodrigo de freitas lagoon) in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. during one year of surveillance, water samples were obtained from the lagoon and other interconnected ecosystems (river and beach). the samples were concentrated using an adsorption-elution method with a negatively charged membrane and tested by qualitative and ...201222990969
the first identification of rare human group a rotavirus strain g3p[10] with severe infantile diarrhea in eastern india.during an ongoing surveillance for diarrheal pathogens, an unusual human group a rotavirus strain g3p[10] (rva/human-wt/ind/mcs60/2011/g3p[10]) was detected in a stool sample of a 14 months old girl child with acute diarrhea in kolkata, eastern india. the vp7 nucleotide sequence of this strain revealed a close phylogenetic relationship to the prototype g3 strain au-1 and australian feline strain cat2, whereas, the vp4 gene segment was closely related to the g8p[10] rotavirus 69m from indonesia. ...201222981998
rotavirus in diarrheal children in rural burkina faso: high prevalence of genotype g6p[6].group a rotavirus (rva) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children globally, and responsible for a significant number of deaths in african countries. while vaccines are available, trials have shown a lesser efficacy in africa. one of the reasons could be the prevalence and/or emergence of unusual or novel rva strains, as many strains detected in african countries remain uncharacterized. in this study, we characterized rva positive specimens from two remote rural areas i ...201222964045
equine g3p[3] rotavirus strain e3198 related to simian rrv and feline/canine-like rotaviruses based on complete genome analyses.equine group a rotavirus (rva) strains are the most important cause of gastroenteritis in equine neonates and foals worldwide, and g3p[12] and g14p[12] are epidemiologically the most important genotypes. the genotype constellation of an unusual argentinean g3p[3] rva strain (rva/horse-wt/e3198/2008/g3p[3]) detected in fecal samples of a diarrheic foal in 2008 was shown to be g3-p[3]-i3-r3-c3-m3-a9-n3-t3-e3-h6. each of these genotypes has been found typically in feline and canine rva strains, and ...201322959604
rotavirus a-specific single-domain antibodies produced in baculovirus-infected insect larvae are protective in vivo.single-domain antibodies (sdabs), also known as nanobodies or vhhs, are characterized by high stability and solubility, thus maintaining the affinity and therapeutic value provided by conventional antibodies. given these properties, vhhs offer a novel alternative to classical antibody approaches. to date, vhhs have been produced mainly in e. coli, yeast, plants and mammalian cells. to apply the single-domain antibodies as a preventive or therapeutic strategy to control rotavirus infections in de ...201222953695
rotavirus genotyping in gastroenteritis cases of an infantile population from western brazilian amazonia.during the period from 2000 to 2002, 79 rotavirus-positive stool samples were collected from children presenting diarrhea in the western brazilian amazon.201222930050
development and performance evaluation of calf diarrhea pathogen nucleic acid purification and detection workflow.calf diarrhea (scours) is a primary cause of illness and death in young calves. significant economic losses associated with this disease include morbidity, mortality, and direct cost of treatment. multiple pathogens are responsible for infectious diarrhea, including, but not limited to, bovine coronavirus (bcv), bovine rotavirus a (brv), and cryptosporidium spp. identification and isolation of carrier calves are essential for disease management. texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory cur ...201222914823
igy antibodies protect against human rotavirus induced diarrhea in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model.group a rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. the aim of the present work was to evaluate protection against rotavirus (rv) diarrhea conferred by the prophylactic administration of specific igy antibodies (ab) to gnotobiotic piglets experimentally inoculated with virulent wa g1p[8] human rotavirus (hrv). chicken egg yolk igy ab generated from wa hrv hyperimmunized hens specifically recognized (elisa) and neutralized wa hrv in vitro. suppleme ...201222880110
discovery and molecular characterization of a group a rotavirus strain detected in an argentinean vicuña (vicugna vicugna).the wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) is one of the four species of native south american camelids (sacs) in addition to the wild guanaco, and their domesticated counterparts, alpaca and llama, respectively. serological data have indicated the presence of group a rotaviruses (rva) specific antibodies in all 4 members of the sac, and so far, rva has been detected from alpacas, llamas and guanacos. a total of 59 fecal samples from healthy wild newborn and juvenile vicuñas, raised in captivity in jujuy ...201322877519
detection of rare reassortant g5p[6] rotavirus, bulgaria.during the ongoing rotavirus strain surveillance program conducted in bulgaria, an unusual human rotavirus a (rva) strain, rva/human/bg/bg620/2008/g5p[6], was identified among 2200 genotyped bulgarian rvas. this strain showed the following genomic configuration: g5-p[6]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1. phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding the neutralization proteins and backbone genes identified a probable mixture of rva genes of human and porcine origin. the vp1, vp6 and nsp2 genes were more ...201222850117
several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba.intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ...201322843242
detection of avian group d rotavirus using the polymerase chain reaction for the vp6 gene.group d rotaviruses (rvs-d) have been documented in birds and, while they may be common in these animals, few molecular studies are available for this specific group. in this study, specific primers for the gene that encodes for the rvs-d vp6 protein were designed and used in a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). thirty pools of samples were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) yielding a 30% (9/30) positivity. these pools were subjected subsequently to rt-pc ...201222820073
full genome analysis of group b rotaviruses from western india: genetic relatedness and evolution.to date, full-genome sequences of only seven human group b rotavirus (rvbs) strains have been described. such data on more rvbs are necessary to establish the evolutionary relationship and ecological features of rvbs from different geographical regions. the present study was aimed at determining the full-length sequences of all 11 genes of 13 human rvb strains detected during 1995-2010 in sporadic and outbreak cases of acute gastroenteritis from four different cities of western india. this study ...201222815276
molecular characterization of a rare g9p[23] porcine rotavirus isolate from china.the fifth most important g genotype, g9 rotavirus, is recognized as an emerging genotype that is spreading around the world. sequence analysis was completed of a rare group a rotavirus, strain g9p[23], that was designated rotavirus a pig/china/nmtl/2008/g9p[23] and abbreviated as nmtl. it was isolated from a piglet with diarrhea in china. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the vp7 gene clustered within the g9 lineage vid. the vp4 gene clustered within the rare p[23] genotype. nmtl is the ...201222729562
simultaneous investigation of influenza and enteric viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting in general practice for acute diarrhea.gastrointestinal symptoms are not an uncommon manifestation of an influenza virus infection. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of influenza viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting their general practitioner for uncomplicated acute diarrhea (ad) and the proportion of concurrent infections by enteric and influenza viruses.201222709374
prevalence and factors associated with group a rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in mwanza, tanzania.rotavirus infections frequently cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and are the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children in both developed and developing countries.201222706194
diversity in the enteric viruses detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis from mumbai, western india.faecal specimens collected from two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in southern mumbai, india in march and october, 2006 were tested for seven different enteric viruses. among the 218 specimens tested, 95 (43.6%) were positive, 73 (76.8%) for a single virus and 22 (23.2%) for multiple viruses. single viral infections in both, march and october showed predominance of enterovirus (ev, 33.3% and 40%) and rotavirus a (rva, 33.3% and 25%). the other viruses detected in these months w ...201222690171
genotype constellation and evolution of group a rotaviruses infecting humans.numerous rotavirus group a (rva) strains with distinct g-genotype and p-genotype combinations have been described infecting humans worldwide. however, the increasing amount of complete rva genome data which have become available, suggest that only rva strains with 2 discrete genotype constellations have been successful in sustaining infection of humans worldwide over longer periods of time. those genotype constellations have been designated i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1 and i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2- ...201222683209
epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years in northern cameroon.rotavirus still remains the major cause of diarrhea in children below 5 years. no data on rotavirus epidemiology is available in the northern regions of cameroon. we aimed to determine the prevalence of group a rotavirus (rva) in children below 5 years with diarrhea in two regions of northern cameroon (north west and far north regions) so as to improve our knowledge on the burden of rotavirus disease for imminent introduction of a rotavirus vaccine.201222655107
real-time pcr detection of enteric viruses in source water and treated drinking water in wuhan, china.a total of 48 water samples were collected from six water treatment plants in wuhan and analyzed by real-time pcr assay for viral identification of enterovirus (ev), rotavirus group a (rva), human adenovirus (hadv) as well as human adenovirus subgroup f (hadvf) during the period from december 2010 to october 2011. hadv, hadvf, and rva were all positively detected in the samples of source water and treated drinking water. ev could be found in 46 % (11/24) of all the source water samples, but only ...201222645016
selection and evolutionary analysis in the nonstructural protein nsp2 of rotavirus a.rotavirus a is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) plays essential roles in the replication cycle of rotavirus and may play a role in protective immunity against rotavirus disease. using a bayesian approach, we measured the mutation rate of genotype n1 nsp2 gene sequences. the n1 genotype is the main nsp2 genotype associated with rotavirus strains causing severe disease, and was found to have a high mutation rate ...201222610044
whole-genomic analysis of a human g1p[9] rotavirus strain reveals intergenogroup-reassortment events.group a rotavirus (rva) strain k8 (rva/human-tc/jpn/k8/1977/g1p[9]) was found to have wa-like vp7 and nsp1 genes and au-1-like vp4 and nsp5 genes. to determine the exact origin and overall genetic makeup of this unusual rva strain, the remaining genes (vp1-vp3, vp6 and nsp2-nsp4) of k8 were analysed in this study. strain k8 exhibited a g1-p[9]-i1-r3-c3-m3-a1-n1-t3-e3-h3 genotype constellation, not reported previously. the vp6 and nsp2 genes of strain k8 were related closely to those of common hu ...201222592265
the unpredictable diversity of co-circulating rotavirus types in europe and the possible impact of universal mass vaccination programmes on rotavirus genotype incidence.this article reviews the incidence of group a rotavirus (rv) types isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis (age) in european countries during the last 5-10 years, with the aim of establishing an overview of rv diversity before the introduction of universal mass vaccination (umv) programmes against rv disease in most european countries. consistent with findings from previous surveys, a high degree of diversity of co-circulating rv types exists in different locations of europe, and over ...201222579864
comparison of two eukaryotic systems for the expression of vp6 protein of rotavirus specie a: transient gene expression in hek293-t cells and insect cell-baculovirus system.the vp6 protein of rotavirus a (rva) is a target antigen used for diagnostic assays and also for the development of new rva vaccines. we have compared the expression of vp6 protein in human embryonic kidney (hek293-t) cells with results obtained using a well-established insect cell-baculovirus system. the recombinant vp6 (rvp6) expressed in hek293-t cells did not present degradation and also retained the ability to form trimers. in the insect cell-baculovirus system, rvp6 was expressed at higher ...201222576283
repeated circulation over 6 years of intergenogroup mono-reassortant g2p[4] rotavirus strains with genotype n1 of the nsp2 gene.human rotavirus a, a major cause of acute diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide, contains the genome of 11 segments of double-stranded rna, which is grouped into three major genotype constellations: the wa genogroup (g1-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1), the ds-1 genogroup (g2-p[4]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2), and the au-1 genogroup (g3-p[9]-i3-r3-c3-m3-a3-n3-t3-e3-h3). recently, a g2p[4] strain detected in kenya in 1982 was reported to be a nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) gene mono-re ...201222575821
genotypic linkages of gene segments of rotaviruses circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in thailand.rotavirus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of infants and young children with diarrhea throughout the world. in thailand, extensive studies of rotavirus infections have been reported continually and rotavirus diarrhea remains a common illness. to monitor the epidemiological situation of rotavirus in chiang mai, thailand, surveillance of rotavirus circulating in pediatric patients was conducted. a total of 160 fecal specimens collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea were test ...201222564696
evaluation of a commercial rapid test kit for detecting bovine enteric pathogens in feces.recently a commercial antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in the form of a dipstick (bovine enterichek, biovet inc.) was made available to bovine practitioners and producers for the rapid detection of betacoronavirus 1 (bcv-1), rotavirus a (rv-a), escherichia coli k99(+), and cryptosporidium parvum in feces from diarrheic calves. the diagnostic performance of bovine enterichek was evaluated in comparison with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (mrtpcr). one h ...201222529125
simultaneous detection of seven enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis by a multiplexed luminex-based assay.rapid and broad diagnostic methods are needed for the identification of viral agents of gastroenteritis. in this study, we used luminex xmap technology to develop a multiplexed assay for the simultaneous identification of major enteric viral pathogens, including rotavirus a (rva), noroviruses (novs) (including genogroups gi and gii), sapoviruses (sav), human astrovirus (hastv), enteric adenoviruses (eads), and human bocavirus 2 (hbov2). the analytical sensitivity allowed detection of 10(3) (eads ...201222518865
bovine rotavirus strains circulating in beef and dairy herds in argentina from 2004 to 2010.bovine group a rotavirus (rva) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. the present study reports the genotyping of bovine rva strains circulating in argentinean cattle from 2004 to 2010. additionally, a new set of typing primers was designed and tested to differentiate between g8 and g6 (lineage iii and iv) rva strains. bovine rva was detected in 30% (435/1462) of the tested samples, corresponding to 49% (207/423) of the studied outbreaks with a similar detection rates in ...201122503600
analysis of the excretion dynamics and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus a during the lives of pigs raised on farms for meat production.to determine the excretion dynamics and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus a (rva), a longitudinal observational study was performed in 10 pigs from 3 litters at a farrow-to-finish farm. a total of 400 fecal samples were directly collected from the rectums of individual pigs (aged 7 to 217 days) at 3- to 14-day intervals. seventy-one samples (17.5%) were positive for rva by reverse transcription-pcr designed to detect the vp7 and vp4 genes. at least 13 combinations of 5 g (g2, g4, g5, g9, an ...201222493330
assessment of gastroenteric viruses frequency in a children's day care center in rio de janeiro, brazil: a fifteen year study (1994-2008).this 15-year study aimed to determine the role of the main viruses responsible for acute infantile gastroenteritis cases in a day care center in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. from 1994 to 2008, 539 fecal samples were obtained from 23 outbreaks as well as sporadic cases that occurred in this period. the detection of rotavirus group a (rva), norovirus (nov) and astrovirus (astv) was investigated both by classical and molecular methods of viral detection. rva was detected by enzymatic immune ...201222448271
comparison of three diagnostic techniques for detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in calf faeces in australia.compare real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr), a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and lateral flow immunochromatography assay (lat) for the detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves.201222443326
evidence for the porcine origin of equine rotavirus strain h-1.equine group a rotavirus (rva) strain h-1 (rva/horse-tc/gbr/h-1/1975/g5p9[7]) was found to have vp4, vp6-7, nsp1 and nsp4 genes of porcine origin. in order to obtain conclusive information on the exact origin and evolution of this unusual equine strain, the remaining six genes (vp1-3, nsp2-3 and nsp5 genes) of strain h-1 were analyzed in the present study. by whole genomic analysis, strain h-1 exhibited a porcine rva-like genotype constellation (g5-p[7]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1), different fro ...201222437009
full genome characterization of a porcine-like human g9p[6] rotavirus strain isolated from an infant in belgium.interspecies transmissions of group a rotavirus (rva) strains among animals and humans are thought to take place frequently. during a rva surveillance study in belgium we isolated an unusual g9p[6] rva strain, rva/human-wt/bel/be2001/2009/g9p[6], from a 1month old boy, which did not cluster with other g9 or p[6] strains isolated in belgium. in this study we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of this unusual g9p[6] strain be2001. phylogenetic analyses of all 11 genes revealed a uniqu ...201222430049
development and application of one-step multiplex reverse transcription pcr for simultaneous detection of five diarrheal viruses in adult cattle.a one-step multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method was developed for the simultaneous detection of five viruses causing diarrhea in adult cattle: bovine group a rotavirus (gar), bovine group b rotavirus (gbr), bovine group c rotavirus (gcr), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine torovirus (btov). the detection limit of the one-step multiplex rt-pcr for gar, gcr, bcv, and btov was 10(2), 10(0), 10(1), and 10(2) tcid(50)/ml, respectively, and that for gbr was 10(6) copies/ml. the one-step m ...201222407445
molecular characterization of the nsp4 gene of human group a rotavirus strains circulating in tunisia from 2006 to 2008.non-structural protein 4 (nsp4), encoded by group a rotavirus (rva) genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. recently, a new classification system for rvas was proposed and a total of 14 nsp4 genotypes (e1-e14) are currently described. the most common nsp4 genotypes in humans are wa-like e1 and ds-1-like e2. this report represents the first investigation on the genetic diversity of rva nsp4 genes in tunisia from 2006 to 2008. in the pres ...201222406141
genetic variation in the vp7 gene of rotavirus g1p[8] strains isolated in vietnam, 1998-2009.group a rotavirus genotype g1p[8] is the most common strain affecting humans around the world over the past few decades. in this study, we examined genetic variation in the vp7 gene of rotavirus g1p[8] strains, detected in children of four major cities of vietnam during three different rotavirus seasons: 1998-1999, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in order to assess the evolution of the virus over 11 years. fecal samples (n=73) from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis caused by g1p[8] rotavirus wer ...201222387966
a wide variety of diarrhea viruses circulating in pediatric patients in thailand.viral gastroenteritis has been recognized as one of the most common illnesses that affects infants and young children all over the world. a wide variety of viruses associated with the disease are continually being reported. to investigate the epidemiological situation of diarrhea virus infection in chiang mai, thailand, surveillance was conducted during january to december 2007.201222372354
group a rotavirus genotypes circulating prior to implementation of a national immunization program in estonia.group a rotaviruses (rva) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children ≤ 5 y worldwide which could be prevented with two recently introduced vaccines - monovalent rotarix (live-attenuated g1p[8] strain) and pentavalent rotateq (human-bovine reassortant containing serotypes g1, g2, g3, g4 and p[8]). prior to implementation of vaccines into national immunization program we aimed to describe rva genotype distribution in hospitalized children aged < 5 y in estonia during 2007-2008. a total ...201222370511
a large outbreak of enteritis in goat flocks in marmara, turkey, by g8p[1] group a rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses are regarded as major enteric pathogens of large ruminants, while their impact on the health of small ruminants is not well documented. we report the detection of group a rotavirus from a large outbreak of enteritis that occurred in two goat flocks in the town of kırklareli, marmara region, turkey, in 2007. the disease was observed in young kids, with high morbidity and mortality rates, but not in adult animals. rotavirus antigen was detected in the stools of the examined ani ...201222367501
diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens.porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ...201122362939
hygienic monitoring of mongolian gerbils: which mouse viruses should be included?the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) serves as an animal model for a wide range of diseases. a practical limitation in its use is the definition of the hygienic status, as not much is known about viruses that potentially infect gerbils and might be transmitted to other rodents. as successful re-derivation was recently described for gerbils, we now aimed at investigating which mouse viruses induce seroconversion in gerbils and might be transmitted to mice. gerbils were inoculated with vir ...201222334874
bovine rotavirus in turkeys with enteritis.rotaviruses are the main agents responsible for diarrhea in different animal species and for infantile gastroenteritis. these viruses have been isolated from various avian species and have often been associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. nevertheless, the knowledge of rotavirus infection in turkeys is scarce. six group a rotavirus strains obtained from pooled enteric contents of diarrheic turkeys were isolated in ma-104 cell culture and typed as g(6)p(1), a typical bovine rotav ...201122312995
inhibition of rotavirus infectivity by a neoglycolipid receptor mimetic.group a rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many mammalian species. in rotavirus infected piglets mortality can be as high as 60%. previous research in this laboratory has identified a porcine intestinal gm(3) ganglioside receptor that is required for sialic acid-dependent rotavirus recognition of host cells. in addition, we previously demonstrated exogenously added gm(3) can competitively inhibit porcine rotavirus binding and infectivity of host cells in vitro. sialyllacto ...201122254094
evaluation of a multiplex real time reverse transcription pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of the most common human rotavirus genotypes.group a rotaviruses (rvs) are important pathogens that cause acute, dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children. in this study, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol using primers and taqman(®) probes specific for viral vp4 and vp7 genes was evaluated. this assay offers simultaneous genotyping and quantification of the most common rv genotypes g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]. it was compared to the molecular typing results provided by conventional pcr. ...201222245180
predominance of rotavirus genotype g6p[11] in diarrhoeic lambs.out of 500 faecal samples from lambs with diarrhoea in jammu and kashmir, india, 66 (13.2%) were positive for group a rotavirus (garv) by the latex agglutination test (lat). electropherotyping by rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the typical garv 4-2-3-2 migration pattern in 49/66 (74.2%) samples. fifty-two samples (10.4%) were positive by reverse transcription-pcr. g6 was the predominant g genotype (25/52; 48.07%), followed by g10 (19/52; 36.54%) whereas, the predominant p genotyp ...201222230710
whole genomic analysis reveals the porcine origin of human g9p[19] rotavirus strains mc323 and mc345.the group a rotavirus (rva) p[19] is a rare p-genotype of the rva vp4 gene, reported so far in humans and pigs. whole genomic analyses of p[19] strains are essential to study their origin and evolutionary patterns. to date, all the 11 genes of only two p[19] strains, rva/human-wt/ind/rmc321/1990/g9p[19] and rva/human-wt/ind/mani-97/2006/g9p[19], have been analyzed, providing evidence for their porcine origin. in the present study, the whole genomes of the first reported human p[19] strains, rva/ ...201122226701
First description of group A rotavirus from fecal samples of ostriches (Struthio camelus).This study investigated the occurrence of rotavirus infections in ostriches (Struthio camelus) reared in Northern Paraná, Brazil. Fecal (n=66) and serum (n=182) samples from nine farms located in four different cities were analyzed by silver stained-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE), RT-PCR assay, virus isolation, and counterimmunoelectroosmophoresis (CIE). Rotavirus group A seropositivity occurred in 5.49% (10/182) of serum samples of ostriches originated from two farms. Only 9.09% ( ...201122209018
complete molecular genome analyses of equine rotavirus a strains from different continents reveal several new genotypes and a largely conserved genotype constellation.in this study, the complete genome sequence of seven equine group a rotavirus (rva) strains (rva/horse-tc/gbr/l338/1991/g13p[18], rva/horse-wt/irl/03v04954/2003/g3p[12] and rva/horse-wt/irl/04v2024/2004/g14p[12] from europe; rva/horse-wt/arg/e30/1993/g3p[12], rva/horse-wt/arg/e403/2006/g14p[12], and rva/horse-wt/arg/e4040/2008/g14p[12] from argentina, and rva/horse-wt/zaf/eqrv-sa1/2006/g14p[12] from south africa) were determined. multiple new genotypes were identified and genotype numbers were a ...201122190012
genetic analyses reveal differences in the vp7 and vp4 antigenic epitopes between human rotaviruses circulating in belgium and rotaviruses in rotarix&trade; and rotateq&trade;two live-attenuated rotavirus group a (rva) vaccines, rotarix™ (g1p[8]) and rotateq™ (g1-g4, p[8]), have been successfully introduced in many countries worldwide, including belgium. the parental rva strains used to generate the vaccines were isolated more than 20 years ago in france (g4 parental strain in rotateq™) and the united states (all other parental strains). at present, little is known about the relationship between currently circulating human rvas and the vaccine strains. in this study, ...201122189107
adsorption characteristics of an enteric virus-binding protein to norovirus, rotavirus and poliovirus.abstract:201122176631
Molecular Techniques in Ecohealth Research Toolkit: Facilitating Estimation of Aggregate Gastroenteritis Burden in an Irrigated Periurban Landscape.Assessment of microbial hazards associated with certain environmental matrices, livelihood strategies, and food handling practices are constrained by time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques that lead to health risk assessments of narrow geographic or time scope, often targeting very few pathogens. Health risk assessment based on one or few indicator organisms underestimates true disease burden due a number of coexisting causative pathogens. Here, we employed molecular techniques i ...201122146856
the molecular biology of rotaviruses x: intercellular dissemination of rotavirus nsp4 requires glycosylation and is mediated by direct cell-cell contact through cytoplasmic extrusions.the effect of expressing the nsp4 protein of group a rotaviruses in cells has been studied. it led to the rapid appearance of long cytoplasmic extrusions, which, through site-directed mutagenesis of the n-linked glycosylation sites near the amino terminus of the protein, were shown to be dependent on its ability to become fully glycosylated. real-time confocal microscopy was used to follow the appearance of similar cytoplasmic extrusions in virus-infected cells and revealed them to grow at a rat ...201122116494
diversity and zoonotic potential of rotaviruses in swine and cattle across europe.group a rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals. individual rotavirus strains can occasionally cross species barriers and might hereby contribute to the emergence of new genotypes in heterologous hosts. the incidence and impact of zoonotic rotavirus are not well defined, and one reason for this is a lack of data about strains circulating in suspected reservoir animal hosts. in this study we report the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in dome ...201122079216
genetic diversity of group a rotaviruses associated with repeated outbreaks of diarrhea in a farrow-to-finish farm: identification of a porcine rotavirus strain bearing a novel vp7 genotype, g26.abstract: group a rotaviruses (gars) are one of the most common causes of diarrhea in suckling pigs. although a number of g and p genotypes have been identified in porcine gars, few attempts have been made to study the molecular epidemiology of these viruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks within a farm over an extended period of time. here, we investigated the molecular characteristics of gars that caused four outbreaks of diarrhea among suckling pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm over the cour ...201122067072
group a rotavirus detection on environmental surfaces in a hospital intensive care unit.background: environmental surfaces can play a role in the spread of pathogens, such as enteric viruses, within a hospital. this study assessed the level of contamination of group a rotavirus (rv-a) on environmental surfaces samples from an adult intensive care unit in a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. methods: a total of 504 environmental surface samples were obtained from multiple sites in the intensive care unit, including flushing buttons, telephones, and alcohol gel supports. nested and ...201122018841
clinical profile and prevalence of rotavirus infection in children presented with acute diarrhea at tertiary care referral hospital at northern part of india.a prospective analysis of 90 clinically diagnosed cases with acute diarrhea over a period of one year was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children between 2 months to 2 years of age. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) were used for detection of rotavirus from stool sample. fourteen (15.6%) of them were found to be positive for group a rotavirus, 9 (23%) cases were between 6 months to 1 year of age. rotavirus e ...200922010485
prevalence of human rotavirus genotypes in wuhan, china, during 2008-2011: changing trend of predominant genotypes and emergence of strains with the p[8]b subtype of the vp4 gene.hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus genotypes was conducted in wuhan, china, between march 2008 and may 2011. the detection rates of group a rotavirus were 24.6% (458/1859) and 12.1% (96/795) in children and adults, respectively, with diarrhea. among the 554 positive specimens, the most frequent genotype was g3p[8] (57.9%), followed by g1p[8] (29.4%). compared with previous studies in wuhan (2000-2008), the relative frequency of g3p[8] has been decreasing year by year, while the predominant ...201121986895
the molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses: three-year surveillance in the region of monastir, tunisia.rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. in developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with an estimated 527,000 annually. in infants, rotavirus is estimated to cause more than 2 million hospitalizations every year depending on the income level of the country. the purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of cir ...201121967503
Whole-genomic analysis of rotavirus strains: current status and future prospects.Studies on genetic diversity of rotaviruses have been primarily based on the genes encoding the antigenically significant VP7 and VP4 proteins. Since the rotavirus genome has 11 segments of RNA that are vulnerable to reassortment events, analyses of the VP7 and VP4 genes may not be sufficient to obtain conclusive data on the overall genetic diversity, or true origin of strains. In the last few years following the advent of the whole-genome-based genotype classification system, the whole genomes ...201121958144
inhibitory effects of bile acids and synthetic farnesoid x receptor agonists on rotavirus replication.rotaviruses (group a rotaviruses) are the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. currently, an antiviral drug is not available and information on therapeutic targets for antiviral development is limited for rotavirus infection. previously, it was shown that lipid homeostasis is important in rotavirus replication. since farnesoid x receptor (fxr) and its natural ligands bile acids (such as chenodeoxycholic acid [cdca]) play major roles in cholesterol and ...201121957312
suspected zoonotic transmission of rotavirus group a in danish adults.summarygroup a rotaviruses infect humans and a variety of animals. in july 2006 a rare rotavirus strain with g8p[14] specificity was identified in the stool samples of two adult patients with diarrheoa, who lived in the same geographical area in denmark. nucleotide sequences of the vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genes of the identified strains were identical. phylogenetic analyses showed that both danish g8p[14] strains clustered with rotaviruses of animal, mainly, bovine and caprine, origin. the high ...201121943834
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characterization of group A rotavirus infections in Tunisian children with acute gastroenteritis.Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in early childhood worldwide. Thus, the objectives of our study were to determine the molecular epidemiology and the clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Tunisia. Between January 2003 and April 2007, a prospective study was conducted on 788 stool samples collected from children under 12 years of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was detected by multiplex RT-PCR in 27% (n = 213) of sample ...201121942357
VP8* antigen produced in tobacco transplastomic plants confers protection against bovine rotavirus infection in a suckling mouse model.Group A rotavirus is a major leading cause of diarrhea in mammalian species worldwide. In Argentina, bovine rotavirus (BRV) is the main cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves. VP4, one of the outermost capsid proteins, is involved in various virus functions. Rotavirus infectivity requires proteolytic cleavage of VP4, giving an N-terminal non-glycosilated sialic acid-recognizing domain (VP8*), and a C-terminal fragment (VP5*) that remains associated with the virion. VP8* subunit is the major determ ...201121893114
[Detection and genotyping of rotavirus in diarrhea infant feces in Chengdu].To study the genotype of rotavirus and the genetic variations of the major neutralization antigen VP4 of group A rotavirus in fecal samples from infants with diarrhea in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China.201121866637
structural organisation of the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp5.rotavirus is one of the leading agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. during infection, viral factories (viroplasms) are formed. the rotavirus nonstructural proteins nsp5 and nsp2 are the major building blocks of viroplasms; however, nsp5 function and organisation remain elusive. in this report, we present a structural characterisation of nsp5. multi-angle laser light scattering, sedimentation velocity and equilibrium sedimentation experiments demonstrate that recombinant full-length nsp5 forms a ...201121864538
co-circulation of g1, g2 and g9 rotaviruses in hospitalized patients in bangladesh during 2006-2009.rotavirus strain diversity in bangladesh has been explored since 1985 and as seen in other parts of the world, rotaviruses have shown tremendous strain diversity overtime. rotavirus antigen was detected in stool specimens using a solid-phase sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay. a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed for rotavirus g and p genotypes. this current study was carried out between 2006 and 2009 during which time 1,607 (23%) of 7,058 fecal specim ...201121860255
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